Electric isolation joints and systems and methods for utilizing the same

Abstract

An electric isolation joint may comprise a first electrically conductive pipe; a second electrically conductive pipe; and a cylindrical non-conductive material interposed between the first pipe and the second pipe, such that the first pipe and the second pipe do not contact each other, wherein: the first pipe, the second pipe, and the first cylindrical non-conductive material collectively define a sealed interior pipe surface of the electric isolation joint.

Description

85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO1ELECTRIC ISOLATION JOINTS AND SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR UTILIZING THE SAMECROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 718,810 filed November 11, 2024, the contents of which are incorporated in their entirety herein.FIELD

[0002] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to joints and electric isolation tools, as well as systems and methods for utilizing the same. Particularly, embodiments of the present disclosure relate to electric isolation joints and systems and methods for utilizing the same.BACKGROUND

[0003] Ethylene is a high-value commodity formed from light hydrocarbon feedstocks such as ethane and naphtha. However, production of ethylene from these feedstocks requires large amounts of thermal energy to be applied, which is traditionally sourced from radiant heat furnaces with flue gas and / or other combustible gases as a fuel source. With current concerns surrounding global climate change, conversion from combustible gas furnaces to furnaces not reliant on fuels that generate greenhouse gases is desired.SUMMARY

[0004] Electrified furnaces are one such solution to the greenhouse gas problem. In electrified furnaces, an electric current is passed through one or more coils / tubes of the furnace housing the feedstock. The electric current rapidly heats the one or more tubes and subsequently the feedstock, upgrading the feedstock to ethylene without requiring radiant heat from combustible gas. In so doing, the maximum running temperature of the electrified furnace is substantially lower than of a radiant heat furnace.

[0005] However, the one or more coils of an electrified furnace are commonly joined by inlet and outlet headers to distribute and gather the feedstock and upgraded product. Should each coil not be electrically isolated, the current from each of the one or more tubes joining at the headers may85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO2 lead to substantially increased temperature, potentially damaging or rupturing the same. Moreover, as the inlet and outlet headers are often of a much greater diameter than the one or more coils, reinforcing the headers to address the combined current may add considerable cost, including to the point of economic unviability. Accordingly, devices, systems, and methods are desired by which electrically conductive coils of an electrified upgrading furnace may be isolated from a common header, and generally devices, systems, and methods by which a first electrically conductive pipe may be isolated from a second electrically conductive pipe, such as between portions of a common header. In addition, the isolating connections allow the coils (or parallel groups of coils) to be electrically connected in series. This enables the furnace to operate at higher voltage and lower current for the same quantity of power consumed. Operating at lower current, the associated upstream power supply equipment is significantly cheaper. For the same power output, higher current at lower voltage is considerably more expensive than lower current and higher voltage.”

[0006] Electrical isolation may be accomplished by interposing a non- conductive gasket between the two electrically conductive materials, thereby preventing direct contact. However, these solutions may be inadequate in the field of hydrocarbon upgrading and refining due to the formation of petroleum coke as a by-product in the upgrading process. This petroleum coke is electrically conductive and primarily deposits directly on the electrically conductive materials. However, petroleum coke will also build on itself, and such traditional isolation means may gradually bridge with petroleum coke and lose electric isolation. Accordingly, methods of electric isolation that may prevent or delay coke bridging across the isolation means are desired, such as by increasing the surface area of the non-conductive portion within the joint.

[0007] Consequently, electric isolation joints that fulfill the aforementioned desires as well as systems and methods incorporating the same are discussed herein. Particularly, an electric isolation joint may comprise a cylindrical non-conductive material interposed between a first electrically conductive pipe and a second electrically conductive pipe, such as between an electrically conductive coil and a common header, or between at least two common headers. The placement of the cylindrical non-conductive material in such a manner may prevent the first pipe and the second pipe from contacting each other, such that electric isolation is maintained between the pipes.

[0008] To prevent or delay coke bridging, the cylindrical non-conductive material may be configured to overlap an interior portion of the first pipe and the second pipe or otherwise increase85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO3 the length of the non- conductive portion of the pipe, such that coke bridging across the cylindrical non-conductive material may be substantially delayed. Moreover, the first pipe, the second pipe, and the first cylindrical non-conductive material may collectively define a sealed interior pipe surface of the electric isolation joint. Furthermore, at least a portion of the cylindrical non- conductive material defining the interior pipe surface may be corrugated, such that coke bridging across the cylindrical non-conductive material may be further delayed.

[0009] Finally, in order to determine the degree of coke bridging, the electric isolation joint may further comprise an electrically conductive material disposed within the first cylindrical material, wherein the electrically conductive material is exposed at the sealed interior pipe surface and an exterior of the electrical isolation joint. This electrically conductive material may act as a sensing ring for determining the extent of coke bridging across the electric isolation joint. The sensing ring may be intended to act as a voltage divider. When the electric isolation joint has no coke present, the interior surface resistance of the joint will be very high (non-conductive). Accordingly, the voltage measured between the sensing ring and the first cylindrical material would be approximately half the total voltage across the isolation joint. An external resistor may also be provided to disturb the voltage divider. When the circuit to the external resistor is completed, the voltage measured across the isolation joint may drop to near zero in non-coked settings. However, as coke accumulates and bridges the joint, the voltage measured across the isolation joint may gradually increase, with the external resistors ability to disturb the voltage divider significantly diminished. The measured electric potential may then be compared to predetermined values associated with various degrees of coking across the isolation joint to determine when replacement or decoking needs to occur.

[0010] In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, an electric isolation joint may comprise a first electrically conductive pipe; a second electrically conductive pipe; and a cylindrical non-conductive material interposed between the first pipe and the second pipe, such that the first pipe and the second pipe do not contact each other, wherein: the first pipe, the second pipe, and the first cylindrical non-conductive material collectively define a sealed interior pipe surface of the electric isolation joint.

[0011] In at least the previous embodiment, or in at least one separate embodiment, a method for measuring coke buildup across an electric isolation joint may comprise providing an electric isolation joint and providing an external circuit electrically coupled to an electrically conductive material and one of a first electrically conductive pipe or a second electrically conductive pipe. In85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO4 at least the previous embodiment, the electrically conductive material may be disposed within a cylindrical non- conductive material of the electric isolation joint, the first electrically conductive pipe and the second electrically conductive pipe may be positioned on either side of the cylindrical non-conductive material.

[0012] In at least the previous embodiment, the external circuit may comprise an external resistor, a switch, and a voltmeter, wherein the external resistor is interposed in the external circuit between the electrically conductive material and the electrically conductive pipe electrically coupled to the external circuit, the external resistor has an electric resistivity that is less than a resistivity of the cylindrical non-conductive material, the switch is interposed in the external circuit between the external resistor and the electrically conductive pipe electrically coupled to the external circuit, the switch configured to periodically transition between a closed state completing the external circuit and an open state breaking the external circuit, and the voltmeter is configured to determine a voltage difference between the electrically conductive pipe that is electrically coupled to the external circuit and the electrically conductive material that is coupled to the external circuit.

[0013] In at least the previous embodiment, the method may further yet comprise applying an electric current to the electrically conductive pipe that is electrically coupled to the external circuit; periodically transitioning the switch between the closed state and the open state while measuring the voltage difference; and upon observing the voltage difference in the closed state exceeds a predetermined voltage difference threshold, replacing the electric isolation joint.

[0014] In accordance with yet another embodiment, an electrified hydrocarbon upgrading system may comprise an electric isolation joint; at least one common header; and at least one electrified hydrocarbon upgrading coil, wherein the electric isolation joint comprises a first electrically conductive pipe, a second electrically conductive pipe, and a cylindrical non-conductive material interposed between the first pipe and the second pipe; the at least one common header is coupled to the first pipe or the second pipe of the electric isolation joint; and the at least one electrified hydrocarbon upgrading coil is coupled to: the common header; or the other of the first pipe or the second pipe that is not coupled to the at least one common header.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO5

[0015] The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present disclosure can be best understood when read in conjunction with the following drawings, where like structure is indicated with like reference numerals and in which:

[0016] Figure (FIG.) 1 A illustrates a perspective view of an electric isolation joint with an external sleeve, according to one or more embodiments herein;

[0017] FIG. IB illustrates a cross-sectional view of the electric isolation joint of FIG. 1A, according to one or more embodiments herein;

[0018] FIG. 2 A illustrates a perspective view of an electric isolation joint with an electrically isolated bolt and nut pair, according to one or more embodiments herein;

[0019] FIG. 2B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the electric isolation joint of FIG. 2 A, according to one or more embodiments herein;

[0020] FIG. 2C illustrates a cross-sectional view of the electric isolation joint of FIG. 2A, according to one or more embodiments herein;

[0021] FIG. 3A illustrates a perspective view of a ‘plug-type’ electric isolation joint, according to one or more embodiments herein;

[0022] FIG. 3B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the electric isolation joint of FIG. 3A, according to one or more embodiments herein;

[0023] FIG. 4A illustrates a perspective view of a ‘nesting-type’ electric isolation joint, according to one or more embodiments herein;

[0024] FIG. 4B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the electric isolation joint of FIG. 4 A, according to one or more embodiments herein;

[0025] FIG. 5A illustrates a perspective view of a ‘telescope-type’ electric isolation joint, according to one or more embodiments herein;

[0026] FIG. 5B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the electric isolation joint of FIG. 5 A, according to one or more embodiments herein;

[0027] FIG. 5C illustrates a cross-sectional view of the electric isolation joint of FIG. 5A, according to one or more embodiments herein;

[0028] FIG. 5D illustrates a cross-sectional view of the electric isolation joint of FIG. 5 A, according to one or more embodiments herein;

[0029] FIG. 6A illustrates a perspective view of an ‘interlocking-type’ electric isolation joint, according to one or more embodiments herein;85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO6

[0030] FIG. 6B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the electric isolation joint of FIG. 6 A, according to one or more embodiments herein;

[0031] FIG. 7 A illustrates a perspective view of a ‘donut- type’ electric isolation joint, according to one or more embodiments herein;

[0032] FIG. 7B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the electric isolation joint of FIG. 7 A, according to one or more embodiments herein;

[0033] FIG. 8A illustrates a perspective view of an electrified hydrocarbon upgrading system utilizing one or more of the electric isolation joints, according to one or more embodiments herein;

[0034] FIG. 8B illustrates a perspective view of another electrified hydrocarbon upgrading system utilizing one or more of the electric isolation joints, according to one or more embodiments herein;

[0035] FIG. 9 A illustrates a cross-sectional view of a new electric isolation joint utilized as a voltage divider along with an external circuit, for the purpose of measuring a degree of coke buildup across the joint, the external circuit shown with a switch in open and closed positions, respectively, according to one or more embodiments herein; and

[0036] FIG. 9B illustrates a cross-sectional view of an electric isolation joint with coke bridging utilized as a voltage divider along with an external circuit, for the purpose of measuring a degree of coke buildup across the joint, the external circuit shown with a switch in open and closed positions, respectively, according to one or more embodiments herein.

[0037] Reference will now be made in greater detail to various embodiments of the present disclosure, some embodiments of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Whenever possible, the same reference numerals will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or similar parts.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] Referring initially to FIGS. 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, and 7A, illustrated are exploded views of electric isolation joints 100 (also referred to herein as “joint 100” for short), as described in embodiments herein. FIGS. IB, 2B, 2C, 3B, 4B, 5B, 5C, 5D, 6B, and 7B illustrate partial and full cross-sectional views of the joints 100 associated with the corresponding ‘A’ figures.

[0039] However, while particular embodiments are illustrated and described herein, it should be understood that various other changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed subject matter. Moreover, although various aspects of the claimed85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO7 subject matter have been described herein, such aspects need not be utilized in combination. It is therefore intended that the appended claims cover all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0040] As shown FIGS. 1A-7B, the joint 100 may comprise a first electrically conductive pipe 110 (“first pipe 110” for short), a second electrically conductive pipe 120 (“second pipe 120” for short), and a first cylindrical non- conductive material 130 that is non-electrically conductive (“non- conductive material 130” for short). As also shown in FIGS. 1 A-7B, the first pipe 110, the second pipe 120, and the non- conductive material 130 may be aligned along a central axis 101. In embodiments, the cylindrical non- conductive material may be a ceramic. As used herein, “ceramics” may generally refer to inorganics, metallic oxides, nitrides, carbides, or combinations thereof that are electrically insulating. This class of ceramics may also be generally referred to as “fine ceramics” or “advanced ceramics.” Ceramics used herein may comprise carbides, oxides, nitrides, nonmetals, or combinations thereof. For example, and in embodiments, ceramics herein may include but may not be limited to aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, Ytrria stabilized zirconia, or combinations thereof.

[0041] As shown in FIGS. 1 A-7B, the non- conductive material 130 is interposed between the first pipe 110 and the second pipe 120, such that the first pipe 110 and the second pipe 120 do not contact each other, which electrically isolates the first pipe 110 from the second pipe 120.

[0042] Now referring to FIGS. 8A-8B, and without being limited by theory, in at least the setting of an electrified hydrocarbon upgrading furnace 300, using the configuration described at least in the previous paragraph may permit the connection of multiple electrified hydrocarbon upgrading coils 320 to a common header 310 without amassing a concentration of electrical current within the common header 310 by electrically isolating the common header 310 from the electrified upgrading coils 320, as desired. For example, and as illustrated in FIG. 8A, an electrified hydrocarbon upgrading furnace 300 may comprise the electric isolation joint 100, at least one common header 310 coupled to the first pipe 110 or second pipe 120 of the electric isolation joint 100, and at least one electrified hydrocarbon upgrading coil 320 coupled to the other of the first pipe 110 or the second pipe 120 that is not coupled to the at least one common header 310.

[0043] Additionally or alternatively, and as shown in FIG. 8B, the electric isolation joints 100 herein may permit the electrical isolation of portions of a modified common header 310 by interposing joints 100, as herein, throughout the length of the common header 310. For example, and in at least one embodiment, an electrified hydrocarbon upgrading furnace 300 may comprise85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO8 the electric isolation joint 100, at least one common header 310 coupled to the first pipe 110 or second pipe 120 of the electric isolation joint 100, and at least one electrified hydrocarbon upgrading coil 320 coupled to the at least one common header 310. In such embodiments, and as shown in FIG. 8B, the first pipe 110 and the second pipe 120 may themselves be the common header 310. In at least some embodiments, an electric potential difference between the first pipe 110 and the second pipe 120 may be at least 800 volts, such as from 800 volts to 1000 volts, from 1000 volts to 1100 volts, from 1100 volts to 1500 volts, from 1500 volts to 2000 volts, from 2000 volts to 5000 volts, or any combination of the previous ranges or smaller range therein, such as from 800 volts to 5000 volts.

[0044] Still referring to FIGS. 1A-7B, and in embodiments, the first pipe 110, the second pipe 120, and the non- conductive material 130, and particularly an interior surface of the first pipe 110, the second pipe 120 and the non- conductive material 111 / 121 / 131, may collectively define a sealed interior pipe surface 102 (FIG. 7B) of the electric isolation joint 100. Further, in at least some embodiments, the sealed interior pipe surface 102 may be substantially unobstructed to fluid flow, such that the internal diameter of the first pipe 110, the second pipe 120, and the non- conductive material 130 may be substantially the same.

[0045] Now referring to FIGS. 1A and IB, illustrated is the joint 100. As previously stated, the joint 100 may comprise the non- conductive material 130. As shown in at least FIGS. 1A and IB, the non- conductive material 130 may overlap an interior portion of the first pipe 110 and the second pipe 120, designated as overlapping portion 134. Without being limited by theory, the overlapping portion 134 may prevent or delay bridging of the non-conductive material 130 by petroleum coke in prolonged exposure in a hydrocarbon upgrading system. Further, in at least some embodiments, the overlapping portion 134, and therefore the interior surface 131 of the non- conductive material 130, may comprise a corrugated surface (not shown). The corrugated surface may further increase the surface area of the interior surface 131 of the non-conductive material 130 and thereby further delay coke bridging.

[0046] Still referring to FIGS. 1 A and IB, in at least some embodiments, the first pipe 110 may comprise one or more protrusions 118 on a first pipe external surface 112. Similarly, the second pipe 120 may comprise one or more protrusions 128 on a second pipe external surface 122. As shown in FIGS. 1A and IB, where there is more than one protrusion 118 / 128 a ribbed surface 119 / 129, respectively, is present. Additionally or alternatively, the interior, the exterior, or both of the first pipe 110, the second pipe 120, the non-conductive material 130, or combinations85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO9 thereof may comprise an electrically insulated coating 160, which may include, but may not be limited to, a ceramic coating. For example, an operating temperature of the joint 100 may in some embodiments be up to 1200 °C, and so electrically insulated coatings able to withstand that degree of temperatures or greater without failure are contemplated.

[0047] As shown by the combination of FIGS. 1A and IB, the ribbed surfaces 119 / 129, the electrically insulated coating 160, or both may be configured to pair to a ribbed surface 149 of at least two semi-cylindrical sleeves 140. When assembled, the at least two semi-cylindrical sleeves 140 may collectively define a sleeve around a portion of the first pipe 110, a portion of the second pipe 120, and the non- conductive material 130, as shown in FIG. IB. The joint 100 may also comprise an external sleeve 150, which may be sized for a close fit around the at least two semi- cylindrical sleeves 140.

[0048] Alternatively, it is also contemplated that the external sleeve 150 may comprise the ribbed surface 149, such that the at least two semi-cylindrical sleeves 140 are essentially incorporated within the external sleeve 150. In such an embodiment, the ribbed surface 119 / 129 of the first pipe 110 and the second pipe 120 may be configured to pair to the ribbed surface 149 of the external sleeve 150. Additionally, in such an embodiment, the non- conductive material 130 and the ribbed surface 119 / 129 may comprise paired threads to the external sleeve’s ribbed surface 149, such that the external sleeve 150 may thread onto the first pipe 110, the second pipe 120, or both.

[0049] Still referring to FIG. IB, and as shown, the first pipe 110 and the second pipe 120 may be coupled to a third electrically conductive pipe 170 (“third pipe 170” for short) and a fourth electrically conductive pipe 174 (“fourth pipe 174” for short), respectively. The coupling means may be any generally known in the art, such as by a weld 172, or even by an additional non- conductive material, similar or identical to the non-conductive material 130. As previously stated, and as shown with respect to FIGS. 8A-8B, this may be advantageous if a modified common header 310 design is chosen, as shown for example in FIG. 8B, as each electrified hydrocarbon upgrading coil 320 may be isolated and electrified in parallel by a single power source without temperature constraints posed by using a single common header 310.

[0050] Now referring to FIGS. 2A-2C, illustrated is a variation of the joint 100 according to embodiments herein. The joint 100 of FIGS. 2A-2C may be similar or identical in some respects to that of the joint 100 of any previous figure or embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 2A-2C, and as previously stated, the first pipe 110 comprises the protrusion 118 and the second pipe 120 comprises the protrusion 128. As shown in FIGS. 2B-2C, the non-conductive material 130 may85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO10 be interposed between at least a portion of the protrusion 118 and at least a portion of the protrusion 128.

[0051] In some embodiments, the joint 100 may further comprise a electrically conductive material 180 (“conductive material 180” for short) disposed within the non- conductive material 130. As shown in FIGS. 2A-2C, the conductive material 180 may be exposed at the sealed interior pipe surface 102 and an exterior surface of the j oint 100, particularly at or from the non- conductive material’s exterior surface 132. As shown in FIG. 2A, the conductive material 180 may be a disk, but the conductive material 180 may also comprise a wire. As explained in further detail below, the conductive material 180 may enable measurement of the degree of coke buildup across the joint 100 during continued operation, and thereby allow replacement of the joint 100 prior to loss of electric isolation.

[0052] Still referring to FIGS. 2A-2C, and in embodiments, protrusion 118 comprises a bore 113 and protrusion 128 comprises a bore 123. Bore 113 and bore 123 may be aligned. In some embodiments, the non-conductive material 130 or the second non- conductive material 136 (as explained in further detail below) may comprise a bore 133 that may be aligned with the first pipe’s bore 113 and the second pipe’s bore 123.

[0053] As also shown in FIGS. 2A-2C, the joint 100 may further comprise an electrically insulated bushing 114 (“bushing 114” for short), which may be sized to fit within the first pipe’s bore 113, the second pipe’s bore 123, and the non-conductive material’s bore 133. The joint 100 may also comprise a bolt 116 and nut 117, in other words, a threaded nut and bolt pair 116 / 117, a shaft of the bolt 116 of which may be sized to fit within the first pipe’s bore 113, the second pipe’s bore 123, and the electrically insulated bushing 114. The joint 100 may also comprise an electrically insulated washer 115 (“washer” for short) interposed between the nut 117 and the first pipe’s protrusion 118, and an electrically insulated washer 115’ interposed between a head of the bolt 116 and the second pipe’s protrusion 128. Accordingly, and without being limited by theory, the bushing 114 and the washers 115 / 115’ may together electrically insulate the threaded nut and bolt pair 116 / 117 from the first pipe 110 and the second pipe 120, and thereby prevent electrical current traveling through the same. The bushing 114, the washers 115 / 115’, or combinations thereof may comprise an electrically insulating material, or may comprise an electrically conductive material coated with an electrically insulating material, such as, but not limited to, a ceramic or rubberized coating.85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO11

[0054] Now referring to FIG. 2C individually, a portion of the protrusions 118 / 128 may have a thickness “ti” that is less than a thickness “t?” of a remaining portion of the protrusions 118 / 128. Further, as shown in FIG. 2C, the non-conductive material 130 may further comprise a first non- conductive material 135 and a second non-conductive material 136. As shown in FIG. 2C, the first non-conductive material 135 and the second non-conductive material 136 do not contact each other. Additionally, the second non-conductive material 136 may be interposed between the protrusions 118 / 128. Accordingly, the protrusions 118 / 128, the first non-conductive material 135, and the second non-conductive material 136 may collectively define an internal chamber 137. In other words, the first non-conductive material 135 may be offset from the second non-conductive material 136 by the internal chamber 137.

[0055] In so being configured, the internal chamber 137 may permit an increased temperature gradient between the first pipe 110 and protrusion 118 and between the second pipe 120 and protrusion 128, thereby enabling less heat-resistant, and often less expensive, insulating washers, bushings, and insulating materials to be used in the joint 100. To further increase the temperature gradient, the protrusion 118, the protrusion 128, the second non-conductive material 136, or combinations thereof may comprise one or more cooling channels 139, which may be configured to transport a cooling fluid through the joint 100. Similarly, although not illustrated, the joint 100 may further comprise one or more fluid conduits fluidly connected to the one or more cooling channels 139 and configured to supply the cooling fluid to the same. The cooling fluid may include, but may not be limited to, deionized water or steam.

[0056] Still referring to FIG. 2C, similar to the non-conductive material 130, the electrically conductive material 180 may comprise a first conductive material portion 185 and a second conductive material portion 186. The first conductive material portion 185 and the second conductive material portion 186 may be coupled by a fastener 191, which may be any fastener known in the art.

[0057] Now referring to FIGS. 3A-3B, illustrated is a ‘plug-in- type’ variation of the joint 100 according to embodiments herein. The joint 100 of FIGS. 3A-3B may be similar or identical in some respects to that of the joint 100 of any previous figure or embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 3A-3B, the non-conductive material 130 may comprise an exterior surface 132. As also shown in FIGS. 3A-3B, only the second pipe 120 comprises a protrusion 128. However, it should be understood that in similar embodiments the first pipe 110 may be the pipe with a protrusion 118. As shown in FIG. 3B, the protrusion 128 may comprise a vertical portion 128’ and a horizontal85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO12 portion 128”. The horizontal portion 128” may be positioned on the non-conductive material 130 such that at least a segment of the horizontal portion 128” overlaps the first pipe 110 and is separated from the first pipe 110 by the non-conductive material 130.

[0058] Alternatively, although not shown, the protrusion 118 may comprise a vertical portion 118’ and a horizontal portion 118”. Similar to the horizontal portion 128” of the protrusion 128, as previously described, the horizontal portion 118” of the protrusion 118 may be positioned on the non-conductive material 130 such that at least a segment of the horizontal portion 118” overlaps the second pipe 120 and is separated from the first pipe 110 by the non-conductive material 130. However, in embodiments comprising the conductive material 180, the horizontal portions 118’7128” do not overlap to the extent either contacts the conductive material 180.

[0059] Now referring to FIGS. 4A-4B, illustrated is a ‘nesting-type’ variation of the joint 100 according to embodiments herein. The joint 100 of FIGS. 4A-4B may be similar or identical in some respects to that of the joint 100 of any previous figure or embodiment. As previously stated, and as shown in FIGS. 4A-4B, the non-conductive material 130 may comprise the first non- conductive material 135 and the second non-conductive material 136.

[0060] As previously stated, the conductive material 180 may, in some embodiments, be a disk comprising a conductive material, such as, but not limited to the material used for the first pipe 110 or the second pipe 120. Moreover, as shown in FIGS. 4A-4B, in some embodiments the conductive material 180 may actually resemble the first pipe 110 or the second pipe 120, such as the first pipe 110 or the second pipe 120 of FIGS. 3A-3B. Particularly, as shown in FIGS. 4A-4B, the conductive material 180 may comprise at least one protrusion 188, which may be similar or identical to the protrusions 118 / 128. Similarly, the at least one protrusion 188 of the conductive material 180 may further comprise a vertical portion 188’ and a horizontal portion 188”. The horizontal portion 188” may be positioned on the non-conductive material 130 of the first non- conductive material 135 such that at least a segment of the horizontal portion 128” overlaps the first pipe 110 and is separated from the first pipe 110 by the second non-conductive material 136. In such an embodiment, the horizontal portion 128” of the second pipe 120 may be positioned on the second non-conductive material 136 such that at least a segment of the horizontal portion 128” overlaps the conductive material 180 and is separated from the conductive material 180 by the second non-conductive material 136.

[0061] Alternatively, although not shown, the horizontal portion 188” may be positioned on the non-conductive material 130 of the second non-conductive material 136, such that at least a85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO13 segment of the horizontal portion 188” overlaps the second pipe 120 and is separated from the second pipe 120 by the second non-conductive material 136. In such an embodiment, the horizontal portion 118” of the first pipe 110 may be positioned on the first non-conductive material 135 such that at least a segment of the horizontal portion 118” overlaps the conductive material 180 and is separated from the conductive material 180 by the non-conductive material 130. Still referring to FIGS. 4A-4B, in some embodiments, the conductive material 180 may further comprise an electrically conductive stud 183.

[0062] Now referring to FIGS. 5A-5D, illustrated is a ‘telescope-type’ variation of the joint 100 according to embodiments herein. The joint 100 of FIGS. 5A-5D may be similar or identical in some respects to that of the joint 100 of any previous figure or embodiment. As previously stated, the non-conductive material 130 may comprise the first non-conductive material 135 and the second non-conductive material 136. As shown in FIGS. 5B-5C, the first non-conductive material 135, the second non-conductive material 136, or both may have an exterior surface 132 that is flat (FIG. 5B) or tapered (FIG. 5C). Similarly, the first pipe 110, the second pipe 120, or both may have external surfaces that are flat (FIG. 5B) or tapered (FIG. 5C). Additionally, to pair to the tapered external surface of the first non-conductive material 135, the second non-conductive material 136, or both, the conductive material 180 may have a matching tapered surface in contact with the first non-conductive material 135, the second non-conductive material 136, or both (FIG.5C).

[0063] As previously stated, in some embodiments the first pipe 110, the second pipe 120, or both may comprise more than one protrusion 118 / 128 comprising the ribbed surfaces 119 / 129. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 5D, the first non-conductive material 135, the second non-conductive material 136, or both may comprise a matching ribbed surface in contact with the first pipe 110, the second pipe 120, or both, as appropriate. Also similarly, the conductive material 180 may comprise a matching ribbed surface in contact with the first non-conductive material 135, the second non-conductive material 136, or both, as appropriate.

[0064] As also shown in FIGS. 5A-5D, and similar to FIGS. 4A-4B, the conductive material 180 may comprise the protrusion 188, which may be similar or identical to the protrusions 118 / 128. However, the protrusion 188 of FIGS. 5A-5D may further comprise two horizontal portions 188”. The two horizontal portions 188” may be positioned on the non-conductive material 130 of the first non-conductive material 135 and the second non-conductive material 136 such that at least a segment of the two horizontal portions 188” overlap the first pipe 110 and the second pipe 120,85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO14 and are separated from the first pipe 110 and the second pipe 120 by the first non- conductive material 135 and the second non-conductive material 136, respectively.

[0065] Now referring to FIGS. 6A-6B, illustrated is an ‘interlocking -type’ variation of the joint 100 according to embodiments herein. The joint 100 of FIGS. 6A-6B may be similar or identical in some respects to that of the joint 100 of any previous figure or embodiment.

[0066] As shown in FIGS. 6A-6B, the first pipe 110 and the second pipe 120 comprise protrusions 118 / 128. However, while protrusions 118 and 128 comprise vertical portions 118’ and 128’, only the protrusion 128 comprises the horizontal portion 128”. Further, as shown in FIGS. 6A-6B, the horizontal portion 128” may be a separate electrically conductive pipe 120’ (similar or identical to the second pipe 120) that may be fastened or coupled to the vertical portion 128” of the protrusion 128. For example, and as shown in FIG. 6B, the horizontal portion 128” may be fastened or coupled to the vertical portion 128’ by a weld 172. Similarly, the non-conductive material 130 may comprise a separate cylindrical non-conductive material 130’ positioned over the vertical portion 118’ that may be fastened or coupled to the non-conductive material 130. In so being configured, the joint 100 may be interlocking between the first pipe 110, the second pipe 120, and the non-conductive material 130. Alternatively, although not shown, only the protrusion 118 may comprise the horizontal portion 118”. Similarly, the horizontal portion 118” may be a separate electrically conductive pipe 110’ (similar or identical to the first pipe 110) that may be fastened or coupled to the vertical portion 118’ of the first pipe’s protrusion 118. Furthermore, the non-conductive material 130 may similarly comprise the separate cylindrical non-conductive material 130’ positioned over the vertical portion 128’ that may be fastened or coupled to the non- conductive material 130.

[0067] Now referring to FIGS. 7A-7B, illustrated is a ‘donut-type’ variation of the joint 100 according to embodiments herein. The joint 100 of FIGS. 7A-7B may be similar or identical in some respects to that of the joint 100 of any previous figure or embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 7A-7B, the first pipe 110 may comprise a tapered portion 126 leading up to the protrusion 118. Similarly, the second pipe 120 may comprise the tapered portion 126 leading up to the protrusion 128.

[0068] As previously stated, in at least some embodiments the non-conductive material 130 may overlap the interior portion of the first pipe 110 and the second pipe 120. However, in some embodiments, and as illustrated in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the non-conductive material 130 may not overlap the interior portion of the first pipe 110 and the second pipe 120. As shown in FIG. 7B,85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO15 the non-conductive material 130 may be interposed between two or more spacing elements 124, such that the two or more spacing elements 124 and the non-conductive material 130 are collectively interposed between the first pipe 110 and the second pipe 120. In embodiments, the two or more spacing elements 124 may include, but may not be limited to, a gasket, washer, or o- ring. Further, as shown in FIG. 7A, the first pipe 110, the second pipe 120, or both may comprise an internal groove 125 for receiving the two or more spacing elements 124 or the two or more spacing elements 124 and at least a portion of the non-conductive material 130.

[0069] Still referring to FIGS. 7A-7B, and as previously stated, the protrusions 118 / 128 may comprise the first pipe’s bore 113 and the second pipe’s bore 123, respectively. To tighten the non-conductive material 130 against the first pipe 110 and the second pipe 120, and to minimize the potential for leakage, the joint 100 may additionally comprise the bushing 114, the bolt 116, the nut 117, and the washers 115 / 115’.

[0070] As previously stated, and referring back to FIGS. 8A-8B, embodiments herein may also be directed to electrified hydrocarbon upgrading systems, such as systems utilizing the electric isolation joint 100 previously described. For example, and in embodiments, the system may comprise the electric isolation joint 100, the first electrified hydrocarbon upgrading coil 320 (which may be the third pipe 170) coupled to the first pipe 110, and a common header 310 (which may be the fourth pipe 174) coupled to the second pipe 120. In embodiments, the common header 310 may itself comprise one or more electric isolation joints 100 interposed along the length of the common header, allowing two or more electrified hydrocarbon upgrading coils 320 to be electrified in parallel while also being electrically isolated from each other.

[0071] As previously stated, embodiments herein may also be directed to methods of utilizing the electric isolation joint 100. For example, embodiments herein may be directed to methods for measuring coke buildup across the electric isolation joint 100, such as by utilizing the electric isolation joint 100 to determine voltage (potential) difference changes over time, and correlating the same to coke build-up rates. As shown in FIGS. 9A-9B, this may be done by utilizing the electric isolation joint 100 as a voltage divider 210 along with an external circuit 220. Particularly, the conductive material 180 being interposed between the two halves / section of the non- conductive material 130 may form a voltage divider 210 when one of the first pipe 110 and the second pipe 120 are electrified, the other of the first and second pipes 110 / 120 being the ground. A voltage difference may then be determined across the voltage divider 210 by the use of a first voltmeter 212 between the electrified first pipe 110 and the electrified second pipe 120.85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO16

[0072] Moreover, as shown in FIGS. 9A-9B, the external circuit 220 may be electrically coupled to the conductive material 180 and one of the first pipe 110 or the second pipe 120. It is contemplated that a sheath of a thermocouple may be used as the connection point to the conductive material 180, due at least to the thermocouple sheath’s capability to withstand high temperatures, although other components acting as connection points are also contemplated. The external circuit 220 may also comprise an external resistor 222 that may be interposed in the external circuit 220 between the conductive material 180 and the pipe 110 / 120 electrically coupled to the external circuit 220, such that the external circuit 220 may disturb the voltage divider by bypassing the non- conductive material 130. Still referring to FIGS. 9A-9B, the external circuit 220 may further comprise a switch 224 interposed in the external circuit 220 between the external resistor 222 and the pipe 110 / 120 that is electrically coupled to the external circuit 220. As shown in FIGS. 9A-9B, the switch may be configured to complete the external circuit 220 when in a closed state and to break the external circuit 220 when in an open state. Furthermore, the switch 224 may be configured to transition from the open state to the closed state in a periodic interval, such as by being communicatively coupled to a microcontroller and / or microprocessor (not illustrated).

[0073] As further shown in FIGS. 9A-9B, a second voltmeter 213 may be configured to determine a voltage difference between the pipe 110 / 120 that is electrically coupled to the external circuit 220 and the conductive material 180 that is coupled to the external circuit 220. In embodiments, the external resistor 222 may be configured to have a resistance, R2, that is less than a resistance, Ri, of the non-conductive material 130. Accordingly, when the external circuit 220 is completed, electric current from the pipe 110 / 120 that is electrically coupled to the external circuit 220 will preferentially flow through the external circuit 220 rather than through the non-conductive material 130 of the voltage divider 210 of the joint 100.

[0074] Without being limited by theory, and as shown in FIG. 9A, when the non-conductive material 130 is free of coke buildup, a voltage difference, A V2, across the voltage divider 210 detected by the second voltmeter 213 when the switch is in the open position may be approximately half of the voltage difference, AVi, determined by the first voltmeter 212, i.e., the voltage may be split by running through the voltage divider. When the switch is in the closed position, the voltage difference across the voltage divider 210 detected by the second voltmeter 213 may substantially decrease, i.e. may be close to zero, as substantially all of the electric current from the electrified first / second pipe 110 / 120 preferentially flows through the external resistor85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO17222 due to its relatively lower resistance as compared to the first non-conductive material 130, thereby bypassing the voltage divider 210.

[0075] Similarly, as illustrated in FIG. 9B, when coke 216 has bridged at least a portion of the non-conductive material 130, the voltage difference, AV2, across the voltage divider 210 detected by the second voltmeter 213 when the switch is in the open position may still be approximately half of that determined by the first voltmeter 212, i.e., the voltage may still be split by running through the voltage divider. However, when the switch is in the closed position, the voltage difference determined by the second voltmeter may remain substantially unchanged from the open switch position, as the bridging coke has essentially formed a short in the voltage divider 210 (the coke being electrically conductive).

[0076] Moreover, as the joint 100 transitions from a clean state to being completely bridged with coke, the voltage difference when the switch 224 is periodically closed may gradually approach the voltage difference when the switch 224 is periodically open, i.e. may increase from near-zero to the voltage difference determined by the first voltmeter 212.

[0077] Accordingly, based at least on safety considerations, a predetermined voltage difference threshold may be assigned to the second voltmeter 213 providing an indication of when to replace the joint 100. Particularly, after applying an electric current to the pipe and beginning operation, a voltage difference may be measured by the second voltmeter 213 while periodically transitioning the switch between the closed state and the open state. Upon observing an exceeding of the predetermined voltage difference threshold, the second voltmeter 213, and / or a controller attached to the second voltmeter 213, may generate an alert. Upon receiving and / or noticing the alert, supply of current to the joint 100 may be stopped and an operator may replace the joint 100. The predetermined voltage difference may be a voltage difference assigned with a certain percentage coke bridging of the joint 100, such as from 0 to 10% percent bridged, 10 to 25% bridged, 25 to 50% bridged, 50 to 75% bridged, 75 to 90% bridged, 90 to 100% bridged, or combinations of the previous ranges or smaller ranges therein, such as from 25 to 100% bridged with coke. The predetermined voltage difference may be determined by laboratory measurement, such as by periodic dissembling of the joint 100 with known supplied currents and resistances of given materials to assess the relative degree of coke bridging.

[0078] Without being limited by theory, using the joint in the manner above may have the advantage of measuring coke buildup across the electric isolation joint 100 concurrently with hydrocarbon upgrading operations, enabling assessment of coke bridging without halting of85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO18 operations and removing the joint to visually inspect coke buildup. This may have substantial costsaving implications.

[0079] The present disclosure may include one or more aspects. Particularly, according to a first aspect, an electric isolation joint may comprise a first electrically conductive pipe; a second electrically conductive pipe; and a cylindrical non-conductive material interposed between the first pipe and the second pipe, such that the first pipe and the second pipe do not contact each other, wherein: the first pipe, the second pipe, and the first cylindrical non-conductive material collectively define a sealed interior pipe surface of the electric isolation joint.

[0080] A second aspect may comprise the first aspect, wherein the first cylindrical non-conductive material overlaps an interior portion of the first pipe and the second pipe.

[0081] A third aspect may comprise either the first or second aspects, and may further comprise an electrically conductive material disposed within the cylindrical non-conductive material, wherein: the electrically conductive material is exposed at the sealed interior pipe surface and an exterior of the electric isolation joint; and the first pipe, the second pipe, the cylindrical non- conductive material, and the electrically conductive material collectively define the interior pipe surface.

[0082] A fourth aspect may comprise any of the previous aspects, wherein at least one of the cylindrical non-conductive material, the first pipe, or the second pipe define an internal groove for receiving a spacing element, or both.

[0083] A fifth aspect may comprise any of the previous aspects, wherein the first pipe further comprises a protrusion extending from an external surface of the first pipe; the second pipe further comprises a protrusion extending from an external surface of the second pipe; and the first pipe’s protrusion and the second pipe’s protrusion do not contact each other.

[0084] A sixth aspect may comprise any of the first through fourth aspects, wherein at least one of: the first pipe further comprises a protrusion extending from an external surface of the first pipe, the first pipe’s protrusion having a vertical portion and a horizontal portion; or the second pipe further comprises a protrusion extending from an external surface of the second pipe, the second pipe’s protrusion having a vertical portion and a horizontal portion; and at least one of the first pipe’s horizontal portion or the second pipe’s horizontal portion is positioned on the cylindrical non-conductive material.85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO19

[0085] A seventh aspect may comprise either the fifth or sixth aspects, wherein at least one of: the first pipe comprises at least two protrusions comprising a ribbed surface; or the second pipe comprises at least two protrusions comprising a ribbed surface.

[0086] An eighth aspect may comprise the seventh aspect, wherein the first pipe’s ribbed surface, the second pipe’s ribbed surface, or both further comprise an electrically insulated coating.

[0087] A ninth aspect may comprise either the seventh or eighth aspects, and may further comprise at least one of: at least two semi-cylindrical sleeves collectively defining a sleeve around the first pipe, the second pipe, and the cylindrical non-conductive material when assembled, wherein the first pipe’s ribbed surface, the second pipe’s ribbed surface, or both, are configured to pair to a second ribbed surface of the at least two semi-cylindrical sleeves, and an external sleeve positioned around the at least two semi-cylindrical clamps, the external sleeve comprising a composite material; or an external sleeve, wherein the first pipe’s ribbed surface, the second pipe’s ribbed surface, or both is configured to pair to a second ribbed surface of the external sleeve the first pipe’s ribbed surface, the second pipe’s ribbed surface, or both comprising paired threads to the external sleeve’s second ribbed surface.

[0088] A tenth aspect may comprise any previous aspect, wherein the first pipe’s protrusion comprises a first bore; the second pipe’s protrusion comprises a second bore; the first bore and the second bore are aligned; and the electric isolation joint further comprises: an electrically insulated bushing sized to fit between the first pipe’s protrusion and the second pipe’s protrusion, the electrically insulated bushing being aligned with the first bore and the second bore, a threaded nut and bolt pair, a shaft of the bolt sized to fit within the electrically insulated bushing, an electrically insulated washer interposed between the nut and the first pipe’s protrusion, and an electrically insulated washer interposed between a head of the bolt and the second pipe’s protrusion, wherein the bushing and the washers together electrically insulate the threaded nut and bolt pair from the first pipe and the second pipe.

[0089] An eleventh aspect may comprise the tenth aspect, wherein: the cylindrical non-conductive material comprises a third bore that is aligned with the first bore and the second bore; and the electrically insulated bushing is sized to fit within the third bore.

[0090] A twelfth aspect may comprise any of the fifth through eleventh aspects, wherein: the cylindrical non-conductive material further comprises a first non-conductive material and a second non-conductive material; and the first non-conductive material and the second non- conductive material do not contact each other, such that the first non-conductive material, the85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO20 second non- conductive material, the first pipe’s protrusion, and the second pipe’s protrusion collectively define an internal chamber.

[0091] A thirteenth aspect may comprise any previous aspect, wherein at least a portion of the cylindrical non-conductive material defining the interior pipe surface is corrugated.

[0092] A fourteenth aspect may comprise any previous aspect, and may further comprise an electrified hydrocarbon upgrading system comprising the electric isolation joint, wherein an electric potential difference between the first pipe and the second pipe is at least 800 volts; at least one common header coupled to the first pipe or the second pipe of the electric isolation joint; and at least one electrified hydrocarbon upgrading coil, wherein the at least one electrified hydrocarbon upgrading coil is coupled to: the common header; or the other of the first pipe or the second pipe that is not coupled to the at least one common header.

[0093] A fifteenth aspect may comprise any of the third through thirteenth aspects, and may further comprise a method for measuring coke buildup across the electric isolation joint, comprising: providing the electric isolation joint; providing an external circuit electrically coupled to the electrically conductive material and one of the first electrically conductive pipe or the second electrically conductive pipe, the external circuit comprising: an external resistor interposed in the external circuit between the electrically conductive material and the electrically conductive pipe electrically coupled to the external circuit, the external resistor having an electric resistivity that is less than a resistivity of the cylindrical non-conductive material, a switch interposed in the external circuit between the external resistor and the electrically conductive pipe electrically coupled to the external circuit, the switch configured to periodically transition between a closed state completing the external circuit and an open state breaking the external circuit, and a voltmeter configured to determine a voltage difference between the electrically conductive pipe that is electrically coupled to the external circuit and the electrically conductive material that is coupled to the external circuit; applying an electric current to the electrically conductive pipe that is electrically coupled to the external circuit; periodically transitioning the switch between the closed state and the open state while measuring the voltage difference; and upon observing the voltage difference in the closed state exceeds a pre-determined voltage difference threshold, replacing the electric isolation joint.

[0094] It is noted that recitations in the present disclosure of a component of the present disclosure being “operable” or “sufficient” in a particular way, to embody a particular property, or to function in a particular manner, are structural recitations, as opposed to recitations of intended use. More85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO21 specifically, the references in the present disclosure to the manner in which a component is “operable” or “sufficient” denotes an existing physical condition of the component and, as such, is to be taken as a definite recitation of the structural characteristics of the component.

[0095] It is also noted that recitations herein of “at least one” component, element, etc., should not be used to create an inference that the alternative use of the articles “a” or “an” should be limited to a single component, element, etc. The singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0096] Throughout this disclosure ranges are provided. It is envisioned that each discrete value encompassed by the ranges are also included. Additionally, the ranges which may be formed by each discrete value encompassed by the explicitly disclosed ranges are equally envisioned.

[0097] It is noted that terms like “preferably,” “commonly,” and “typically,” when utilized herein, are not utilized to limit the scope of the claimed invention or to imply that certain features are critical, essential, or even important to the structure or function of the claimed invention. Rather, these terms are merely intended to identify particular aspects of an embodiment of the present disclosure or to emphasize alternative or additional features that may or may not be utilized in a particular embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0098] It is noted that one or more of the following claims utilize the term “wherein” as a transitional phrase. For the purposes of defining the present invention, it is noted that this term is introduced in the claims as an open-ended transitional phrase that is used to introduce a recitation of a series of characteristics of the structure and should be interpreted in like manner as the more commonly used open-ended preamble term “comprising.” It is noted that the use of the terms “having” or “including”, or grammatical variations thereof, in this disclosure should also be interpreted in like manner as the more commonly used open-ended preamble term “comprising”.

[0099] As used in this disclosure, terms such as “first” and “second” are arbitrarily assigned and are merely intended to differentiate between two or more instances or components. It is to be understood that the words “first” and “second” serve no other purpose and are not part of the name or description of the component, nor do they necessarily define a relative location, position, or order of the component. Furthermore, it is to be understood that the mere use of the term “first” and “second” does not require that there be any “third” component, although that possibility is contemplated under the scope of the present disclosure.

[0100] Having described the subject matter of the present embodiments herein in detail and by reference to specific embodiments thereof, it is noted that the various details disclosed herein85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO22 should not be taken to imply that these details relate to elements that are essential components of the various embodiments described herein, even in cases where a particular element is illustrated in each of the drawings that accompany the present description. Further, it will be apparent that modifications and variations are possible without departing from the scope of the present embodiments including, but not limited to, embodiments defined in the appended claims. More specifically, although some aspects of the present embodiments are identified herein as preferred or particularly advantageous, it is contemplated that the present embodiments is not necessarily limited to these aspects.

Claims

85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO23CLAIMS1. An electric isolation joint, comprising: a first electrically conductive pipe; a second electrically conductive pipe; and a cylindrical non-conductive material interposed between the first pipe and the second pipe, such that the first pipe and the second pipe do not contact each other, wherein: the first pipe, the second pipe, and the first cylindrical non-conductive material collectively define a sealed interior pipe surface of the electric isolation joint.

2. The electric isolation joint of claim 1 , wherein the first cylindrical non-conductive material overlaps an interior portion of the first pipe and the second pipe.

3. The electric isolation joint of any previous claim, further comprising an electrically conductive material disposed within the cylindrical non-conductive material, wherein: the electrically conductive material is exposed at the sealed interior pipe surface and an exterior of the electric isolation joint; and the first pipe, the second pipe, the cylindrical non-conductive material, and the electrically conductive material collectively define the interior pipe surface.

4. The electric isolation joint of any previous claim, wherein at least one of the cylindrical non-conductive material, the first pipe, or the second pipe define an internal groove for receiving a spacing element, or both.

5. The electric isolation joint of any previous claim, wherein: the first pipe further comprises a protrusion extending from an external surface of the first pipe; the second pipe further comprises a protrusion extending from an external surface of the second pipe; and the first pipe’s protrusion and the second pipe’s protrusion do not contact each other.

6. The electric isolation joint of any of claims 1 through 4, wherein: at least one of:85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO24 the first pipe further comprises a protrusion extending from an external surface of the first pipe, the first pipe’s protrusion having a vertical portion and a horizontal portion; or the second pipe further comprises a protrusion extending from an external surface of the second pipe, the second pipe’s protrusion having a vertical portion and a horizontal portion; and at least one of the first pipe’s horizontal portion or the second pipe’s horizontal portion is positioned on the cylindrical non- conductive material.

7. The electric isolation joint of either claim 5 or 6, wherein at least one of: the first pipe comprises at least two protrusions comprising a ribbed surface; or the second pipe comprises at least two protrusions comprising a ribbed surface.

8. The electric isolation joint of claim 7, wherein the first pipe’s ribbed surface, the second pipe’s ribbed surface, or both further comprise an electrically insulated coating.

9. The electric isolation joint of either claim 7 or 8, further comprising at least one of: at least two semi-cylindrical sleeves collectively defining a sleeve around the first pipe, the second pipe, and the cylindrical non- conductive material when assembled, wherein the first pipe’s ribbed surface, the second pipe’s ribbed surface, or both, are configured to pair to a second ribbed surface of the at least two semi-cylindrical sleeves, and an external sleeve positioned around the at least two semi-cylindrical clamps, the external sleeve comprising a composite material; or an external sleeve, wherein the first pipe’s ribbed surface, the second pipe’s ribbed surface, or both is configured to pair to a second ribbed surface of the external sleeve the first pipe’s ribbed surface, the second pipe’s ribbed surface, or both comprising paired threads to the external sleeve’s second ribbed surface.

10. The electric isolation joint of any previous claim, wherein: the first pipe’s protrusion comprises a first bore; the second pipe’s protrusion comprises a second bore; the first bore and the second bore are aligned; and85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO25 the electric isolation joint further comprises: an electrically insulated bushing sized to fit between the first pipe’s protrusion and the second pipe’s protrusion, the electrically insulated bushing being aligned with the first bore and the second bore, a threaded nut and bolt pair, a shaft of the bolt sized to fit within the electrically insulated bushing, an electrically insulated washer interposed between the nut and the first pipe’s protrusion, and an electrically insulated washer interposed between a head of the bolt and the second pipe’s protrusion, wherein the bushing and the washers together electrically insulate the threaded nut and bolt pair from the first pipe and the second pipe.

11. The electric isolation joint of claim 10, wherein: the cylindrical non- conductive material comprises a third bore that is aligned with the first bore and the second bore; and the electrically insulated bushing is sized to fit within the third bore.

12. The electric isolation joint of any of claims 5 through 11, wherein: the cylindrical non- conductive material further comprises a first non-conductive material and a second non-conductive material; and the first non-conductive material and the second non-conductive material do not contact each other, such that the first non-conductive material, the second non-conductive material, the first pipe’s protrusion, and the second pipe’s protrusion collectively define an internal chamber.

13. The electric isolation joint of any previous claim, wherein at least a portion of the cylindrical non-conductive material defining the interior pipe surface is corrugated.

14. An electrified hydrocarbon upgrading system utilizing the electric isolation joint according to any previous claim, comprising: the electric isolation joint according to any previous claim, wherein an electric potential difference between the first pipe and the second pipe is at least 800 volts;85909-WO-PCT / DOW 85909 WO26 at least one common header coupled to the first pipe or the second pipe of the electric isolation joint; and at least one electrified hydrocarbon upgrading coil, wherein the at least one electrified hydrocarbon upgrading coil is coupled to: the common header; or the other of the first pipe or the second pipe that is not coupled to the at least one common header.

15. A method for measuring coke buildup across the electric isolation joint of any of claims 3-13, comprising: providing an electric isolation joint according to any of claims 3-13; providing an external circuit electrically coupled to the electrically conductive material and one of the first electrically conductive pipe or the second electrically conductive pipe, the external circuit comprising: an external resistor interposed in the external circuit between the electrically conductive material and the electrically conductive pipe electrically coupled to the external circuit, the external resistor having an electric resistivity that is less than a resistivity of the cylindrical non-conductive material, a switch interposed in the external circuit between the external resistor and the electrically conductive pipe electrically coupled to the external circuit, the switch configured to periodically transition between a closed state completing the external circuit and an open state breaking the external circuit, and a voltmeter configured to determine a voltage difference between the electrically conductive pipe that is electrically coupled to the external circuit and the electrically conductive material that is coupled to the external circuit; applying an electric current to the electrically conductive pipe that is electrically coupled to the external circuit; periodically transitioning the switch between the closed state and the open state while measuring the voltage difference; and upon observing the voltage difference in the closed state exceeds a pre-determined voltage difference threshold, replacing the electric isolation joint.

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