Network node-visible QOE configuration container
The network node-visible QoE configuration container addresses the limitations of existing 5G QoE frameworks by enabling flexible and scalable QoE metric selection and reporting, enhancing network optimization and user experience.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NOKIA SOLUTIONS (SHANGHAI) CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing QoE measurement frameworks in 5G networks lack flexibility and scalability, particularly in selecting and reporting QoE metrics, limiting network optimization and user experience enhancement.
A network node-visible QoE configuration container mechanism that allows flexible selection and reporting of QoE metrics, enabling network nodes to customize QoE measurements and reports for various service types, enhancing network optimization and user experience.
Facilitates efficient and scalable QoE metric selection and reporting, improving network optimization and user experience across different network nodes and services, with increased flexibility and compatibility with future 6G technologies.
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Figure CN2024132499_21052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
NETWORK NODE-VISIBLE QOE CONFIGURATION CONTAINERFIELD
[0001] Various example embodiments generally relate to the field of telecommunication and in particular, to apparatuses, methods and computer readable storage medium for a network node-visible quality of experience (QoE) configuration container.BACKGROUND
[0002] The third generation partnership project (3GPP) introduces quality of experience measurement collection (QMC) framework in the fifth generation (5G) . This framework is used to retrieve QoE metrics measured by user equipment (UE) and reported to consumers of these metrics. Through different releases, QMC has been improved to introduce QoE metrics for some services, or enable measurement management in different situations. New radio (NR) QoE has two types of measurements, including signalling-based QoE measurements and management-based QoE measurements.SUMMARY
[0003] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a first network device. The first network device comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first network device at least to: receive, from a second network device, a set of QoE metrics to be measured for a service type; and cause creation of a QoE configuration container for the service type, the QoE configuration container at least including a first subset of QoE metrics from the set of QoE metrics.
[0004] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a second network device. The second network device comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second network device at least to: send, to a first network device, a set of QoE metrics to be measured for a service type, where a QoE configuration container is created to at least include a first subset of QoE metrics from the set of QoE metrics.
[0005] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a user device. The user device comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the user device at least to: receive, from a network device, a network node-visible QoE configuration for a service type, the network node-visible QoE configuration indicating that at least one network node-visible QoE measurement is to be performed, and the network node-visible QoE configuration at least including at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container, one of the at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container including: at least one QoE metric to be measured for the service type, and a reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to the at least one QoE metric; and perform the at least one network node-visible QoE measurement based on the at least one node-visible QoE configuration container; and transmit the QoE measurement report for network node-visible QoE measurement data, to a QoE measurement data consumer.
[0006] In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a network device. The network device comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network device at least to: transmit, to a user device, a network node-visible QoE configuration for a service type, the network node-visible QoE configuration indicating that at least one network node-visible QoE measurement is to be performed, and the network node-visible QoE configuration at least including at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container, one of the at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container including: at least one QoE metric to be measured for the service type, and a reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to the at least one QoE metric.
[0007] In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method at a first network device. The method comprises: receiving, from a second network device, a set of QoE metrics to be measured for a service type; and causing creation of a QoE configuration container for the service type, the QoE configuration container at least including a first subset of QoE metrics from the set of QoE metrics.
[0008] In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method at a second network device. The method comprises: sending, to a first network device, a set of QoE metrics to be measured for a service type, where a QoE configuration container is created to at least include a first subset of QoE metrics from the set of QoE metrics.
[0009] In a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method at a user device. The method comprises: receiving, from a network device, a network node-visible QoE configuration for a service type, the network node-visible QoE configuration indicating that at least one network node-visible QoE measurement is to be performed, and the network node-visible QoE configuration at least including at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container, one of the at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container including: at least one QoE metric to be measured for the service type, and a reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to the at least one QoE metric; and performing the at least one network node-visible QoE measurement based on the at least one node-visible QoE configuration container; and transmitting the QoE measurement report for network node-visible QoE measurement data, to a QoE measurement data consumer.
[0010] In an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method at a network device. The method comprises: transmitting, to a user device, a network node-visible QoE configuration for a service type, the network node-visible QoE configuration indicating that at least one network node-visible QoE measurement is to be performed, and the network node-visible QoE configuration at least including at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container, one of the at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container including: at least one QoE metric to be measured for the service type, and a reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to the at least one QoE metric.
[0011] In a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a second network device, a set of QoE metrics to be measured for a service type; and means for causing creation of a QoE configuration container for the service type, the QoE configuration container at least including a first subset of QoE metrics from the set of QoE metrics.
[0012] In a tenth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises means for sending, to a first network device, a set of QoE metrics to be measured for a service type, where a QoE configuration container is created to at least include a first subset of QoE metrics from the set of QoE metrics.
[0013] In an eleventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a network device, a network node-visible QoE configuration for a service type, the network node-visible QoE configuration indicating that at least one network node-visible QoE measurement is to be performed, and the network node-visible QoE configuration at least including at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container, one of the at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container including: at least one QoE metric to be measured for the service type, and a reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to the at least one QoE metric; and means for performing the at least one network node-visible QoE measurement based on the at least one node-visible QoE configuration container; and means for transmitting the QoE measurement report for network node-visible QoE measurement data, to a QoE measurement data consumer.
[0014] In a twelfth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a user device, a network node-visible QoE configuration for a service type, the network node-visible QoE configuration indicating that at least one network node-visible QoE measurement is to be performed, and the network node-visible QoE configuration at least including at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container, one of the at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container including: at least one QoE metric to be measured for the service type, and a reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to the at least one QoE metric.
[0015] In a thirteenth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the fifth, sixth, seventh or eighth aspect.
[0016] It is to be understood that the Summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of example embodiments. Other features of will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, where:
[0018] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments can be implemented;
[0019] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling diagram showing an example communication process between a first network device and a second network device for QoE measurement collection for a network node according to some example embodiments;
[0020] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling diagram showing an example communication process between a user device and an access network device for QoE measurement collection for a network node according to some example embodiments;
[0021] FIG. 4 illustrates an example process of QoE measurement collection for a network node in accordance with some example embodiments;
[0022] FIG. 5 illustrates another example process of QoE measurement collection for a network node in accordance with some example embodiments;
[0023] FIG. 6 illustrates yet another example process of QoE measurement collection for a network node in accordance with some example embodiments;
[0024] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a first network device in accordance with some example embodiments;
[0025] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a second network device in accordance with some example embodiments;
[0026] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a user device in accordance with some example embodiments;
[0027] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a network device in accordance with some example embodiments;
[0028] FIG. 11 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing example embodiments; and
[0029] FIG. 12 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer readable medium in accordance with some example embodiments.
[0030] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] Principle will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement example embodiments, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of example embodiments. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0032] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which example embodiments belong.
[0033] References to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0034] It shall be understood that although the terms “first, ” “second, ” …, etc. in front of noun (s) and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another and they do not limit the order of the noun (s) . For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0035] As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0036] As used herein, unless stated explicitly, performing a step “in response to A” does not indicate that the step is performed immediately after “A” occurs and one or more intervening steps may be included.
[0037] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0038] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) : (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and (ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and (c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0039] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0040] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as New Radio (NR) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, 5G, 5G-Advanced, the sixth generation (6G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Moreover, the communication may utilize any proper wireless communication technology, comprising but not limited to: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) , Time Division Duplex (TDD) , Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) , Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple (OFDM) , Discrete Fourier Transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) and / or any other technologies currently known or to be developed in the future. Example embodiments may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which example embodiments may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of example embodiments to only the aforementioned system.
[0041] As used herein, the term “network device” refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services therefrom. The network device may comprise a network device of an access network including a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , an NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) or non-ground network device such as a satellite network device, a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite and a geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) satellite, an aircraft network device, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. In some example embodiments, radio access network (RAN) split architecture comprises a centralized unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU) at an IAB donor node. An IAB node comprises a mobile terminal (IAB-MT) part that behaves like a UE toward the parent node, and a DU part of an IAB node behaves like a base station toward the next-hop IAB node.
[0042] The network device may also comprise a network device of a core network which may be any computing device or computing system that includes hardware (e.g., at least one processor and at least one memory) and software of one or more network functions of a core network. Examples of core network nodes may include functions of one or more of a mobility management entity (MME) , an evolved packet data gateway (ePDG) , a home subscriber server (HSS) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a session management function (SMF) , a network slice selection function (NSSF) , a serving gateway (SGW) , a packet gateway (PGW) , an authentication server function (AUSF) , a subscription identifier de-concealing function (SIDF) , a unified data management (UDM) , a security edge protection proxy (SEPP) , a network exposure function (NEF) , a user plane function (UPF) , a measurement collection entity (MCE) , and / or an orchestration and management (OAM) function. In the following description, the terms “network device” and “network node” may be used interchangeably.
[0043] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication. By way of example rather than limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a Subscriber Station (SS) , a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS) , or an Access Terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. The terminal device may also correspond to a Mobile Termination (MT) part of an IAB node (e.g., a relay node) . In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0044] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “resource block, ” “physical resource block” (PRB) , “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, for example, a communication between a terminal device and a network device, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other combination of the time, frequency, space and / or code domain resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments. It is noted that example embodiments are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0045] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment 100 in which example embodiments can be implemented. The communication environment 100, which may be a part of a communication network, comprises a user device 110 (such as a UE) that can communicate with one or more network devices directly or indirectly. As an example, the communication environment 100 comprises a first network device which may operate as an access network (AN) device (such as a gNB) or a core network (CN) device (such as an AMF or a UPF) . Further, the communication environment 100 comprises a second network device 130 which may operate as an OAM function. In addition, the communication environment 100 may comprise another network device 140 which may operate as an access network device and serve the user device 110.
[0046] In an example scenario, the network device 140 may operate as a serving access network device of the user device 110, and the first network device may operate as a core network device that can cooperate with the network device 140 to serve the user device 110. Further, the second network device 130 may operate as an OAM function responsible for administration and management of the communication network.
[0047] In some example embodiments, a transmission direction from the device 140 to the user device 110 is referred to as a DL, while a transmission direction from the user device 110 to the device 140 is referred to as an uplink (UL) . In DL, the device 140 is a transmitting (TX) device (or a transmitter) , and the user device 110 is a receiving (RX) device (or a receiver) . In UL, the user device 110 is a TX device, and the device 140 is an RX device.
[0048] It is to be understood that the number and types of devices are shown in FIG. 1 for the purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitation. The communication environment 100 may include any suitable numbers and types of devices and apparatuses. For example, in some example embodiments, the network device 140 and the first network device may be the same. In this case, the first network device may operate as an access network device that serves the user device 110.
[0049] In the communication environment 100, the user device 110 may perform QoE measurements. Both signalling-based QoE measurements and management-based QoE measurements may be allowed in the communication environment 100. For the signalling-based QoE measurements, the second network device 130 (such as an OAM function) may initiate QoE measurement activation for the user device 110, for example, via 5G core (5GC) e.g., the first network device. Accordingly, the network device 140, which may serve the user device 110, may receive one or more QoE measurement configurations by means of UE-associated signalling. A QoE measurement configuration for signalling-based activation may include an application layer (AL) measurement configuration list, and corresponding information for QoE measurement collection, e.g., QoE reference, a service type, an internet protocol (IP) address of an MCE, a slice scope, an area scope, minimization of drive test (MDT) alignment information, an indication of available RAN visible QoE metrics and assistance information, and / or the like.
[0050] For management-based QoE measurement activation in the management-based QoE measurements, the second network device 130 may send one or more QoE measurement configurations directly to the network device 140. Then, the network device 140 may select some capable user devices, including the user device 110, to perform QoE measurement. Similar to the QoE measurement configuration for the signalling-based activation, a QoE measurement configuration for management-based activation may also include an application layer measurement configuration list and corresponding information for QoE measurement collection. The network device 140 may select user devices that meet a required QoE measurement capability, area scope, slice scope and / or other QoE measurement requirements.
[0051] In some example embodiments, the network device 140 may send a radio resource control (RRC) message to carry a QoE measurement configuration container to an access stratum (AS) of the user device 110. The AS may pass the QoE measurement configuration container to AL of the user device 110. The AL may perform QoE measurements for a certain service and produce the measurement report data which may be encapsulated in a data container. The data container may be passed to the AS from the AL and then the data container may be transmitted to the network device 140.
[0052] In some example embodiments, the QoE measurement configuration may be defined in a measurement container which is prepared by the second network device 130. All measured metrics may be included in the measurement container and the measurement container may be sent to the network device 140. The network device 140 may not decode the measurement container and may not know what metrics will be measured by the user device 110. The network device 140 may be only responsible for transferring the measurement container to the user device 110. The above process may be referred to as container-based QoE measurements.
[0053] NR QoE also supports radio access network (RAN) visible QoE (RV-QoE) since release 17 (Rel-17) . RAN visible QoE measurements may be configured at the user device 110 by a RAN device such as a gNB (which may the network device 140 or the first network device 120) . For the RAN visible QoE measurements, a subset of configured QoE metrics may be reported from the user device 110 to the RAN device as an explicit information element (IE) readable by the RAN device. The RAN visible QoE measurements may be used by the RAN device for network optimization. The RAN device may configure the RAN visible QoE measurement of all or some of the available RAN visible QoE metrics. Before that, an indication of metric availability may be received by the RAN device (for example, from an OAM function or shortly as OAM) as part of the management-based or the signalling-based QoE configuration.
[0054] The configuration of RV-QoE may rely on RRC signaling. The field RAN-VisibleMeasurements in the RRC signalling may be used for configuring RV-QoE. Field descriptions for RAN-VisibleMeasurements is shown in Table 1 as follows: Table 1
[0055] These QoE metrics may also be exchanged via NG application protocol (NGAP) within the UE application layer measurement configuration information, during initial QoE configuration and during NG-based handover for the signalling-based QoE measurement.
[0056] Available RAN visible QoE metrics may define which RAN visible QoE metrics can be configured by the NG-RAN in the RAN visible QoE measurements. The available RAN visible QoE metrics may be indicated by IEs “Application Layer Buffer Level List” and “Playout Delay for Media Startup” , which are shown in Table 2 as follows: Table 2
[0057] Container-based QoE and RAN visible QoE have been standardized in 3GPP Rel-17 for NR. A NR QoE measurement and collection mechanism referred to as container-based QoE may be used by the network to achieve long-term network optimization for one certain service by measuring a full-set of QoE metrics in a UE AL associated with a certain service. On the other hand, RV-QoE measurements may be used to assist RAN in tasks such as scheduling optimization for a certain service by measuring selected metrics out of the full set of metrics within the container-based QoE measurements. The selected metrics may be indicated, e.g., by “AL buffer level” and “Playout Delay for Media Startup” of dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) or virtual reality (VR) in NR.
[0058] RAN visible QoE metrics are available only for the RAN using for RV-QoE as specified in 3GPP standards. However, it is likely that in 5G or 6G, network nodes or devices other than the RAN device, e.g., a 5G AMF function, a 5G UPF, a 6G MME or a 6G-UPF, may also need visible QoE, similar to RV-QoE. Any network nodes may need to collect measurement results of some QoE metrics from the UE AL and use those measurement results to perform optimization within the node managed area. For example, the 5G AMF may initiate AMF-visible QoE for a VR service and may move the UE to another cell for better user experience. The 5G UPF may initiate UPF-visible QoE to collect a QoE change of the UE AL (or of applications) brought by discarding a packet set in uplink and downlink.
[0059] Some example embodiments propose a solution for a network node-visible QoE configuration container. The network node may be any network node such as an access network device and a core network device. In this solution, the first network device 120 (which may be an access network node or a core network device) receives, from the second network device 130 (which may be an OAM) , a set of QoE metrics to be measured for a service type (such as a VR service or any other services) . Then, the first network device 120 causes creation of a QoE configuration container for the service type where the QoE configuration container at least includes a subset of QoE metrics from the set of QoE metrics.
[0060] In some example embodiments, the first network device 120 may create the QoE configuration container by itself. In some other example embodiments, the first network device 120 may request the second network device 130 to create the QoE configuration container. The created QoE configuration container will be sent to the user device 110. Based on the QoE configuration container, the user device 110 may perform QoE measurements and send a QoE measurement report to the network.
[0061] This solution may allow flexible QoE metrics selection, configuration and measurement reporting. For example, a network node may be capable of flexibly selecting suitable QoE metrics to ask for measurements from the UE on a real-time basis. Furthermore, this solution may provide a common QoE mechanism that can work for all network nodes and for all service types. The mechanism may be extended to enable collection of QoE reports for any service type.
[0062] Therefore, network node-visible QoE may be supported, and the NR RAN Node-visible QoE may be replaced by the network node-visible QoE. Such network node-visible QoE may increase 6G QoE attractiveness to operators and vendors to implement the feature. The network node-visible QoE mechanism may be more flexible and scalable. QoE metrics addition and / or update may be enabled by the operator or vendor in a more efficient way. The network node-visible QoE mechanism may be implemented in standardization friendly manner (i.e., co-existing and complementing current mechanisms already standardized) . Furthermore, the network node-visible QoE mechanism may be generic such that it can work for all network nodes and also can replace / complement NR RV-QoE in 6G era.
[0063] Some example implementations for the network node-visible QoE mechanism will be described below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 7.
[0064] Reference is first made to FIG. 2 which illustrates a signaling diagram showing an example communication process 200 between the first network device 120 and the second network device 130 for creating a QoE configuration container according to some example embodiments. For purpose of discussion, some example embodiments will be described where the first network device 120 operates as a core network device (such as an AMF or a UPF) , or as an access network device (such as a gNB) that serves the user device 110, and the second network device 130 operates as an OAM function (also referred to as an OAM) or a management service (MnS) consumer.
[0065] As shown in FIG. 2, in the process 200, the second network device 130 sends (225) , to the first network device 120, a set of QoE metrics to be measured for a service type. Correspondingly, the first network device 120 receives (230) the set of QoE metrics. In an example, the service type may include a DASH service type, a VR service type and any other service types.
[0066] In some example embodiments, the set of QoE metrics may be a full set of QoE metrics to be measured by the user device 110 for the service type. In this example, the second network device 130 may send (225) a full set of QoE metrics to the first network device 120.
[0067] In some example embodiments, the first network device 120 may send, to the second network device 130, a request (referred to as a first request) for a QoE metric of the service type. The set of QoE metrics may be received (230) by the first network device 120 from the second network device 130 via a first response to the first request. In an example, the first network device 120 may request on demand to fetch QoE metrics. For example, the first network device 120 may initiate the first request to the second network device 130 to fetch a set of QoE metrics of one service type. Then, the second network device 130 may provide the set of QoE metrics to the first network device 120 in the first response to the first request.
[0068] In some example embodiments, the second network device 130 may select the set of QoE metrics from the full set of QoE metrics. In an example, after receiving the first request, the second network device 130 may provide a subset of the full set of QoE metrics to the first network device 120. It is up to the second network device 130 to decide which metrics it may provide to the requested network node (i.e., the first network device 120) . In some example embodiments, the second network device 130 may know a list of QoE metrics that can be retrieved by the first network device 120 and other network nodes. In this case, the second network device 130 may provide the list to the first network device 130.
[0069] In some example embodiments, the first request may be a request to fetch a full set of QoE metrics of the service type. In an example, the first network device 120 may request to fetch the full set of QoE metrics of one service type from the second network device 130.
[0070] In some example embodiments, the above first request to fetch the set of QoE metrics may be skipped. For example, even without any request received, the second network device 130 may actively provide a full set of QoE metrics to relevant network nodes (for example, including the first network device 120) , for example, if the QoE metrics need to be updated or periodically distributed.
[0071] After receiving (230) the set of QoE metrics, the first network device 120 causes (235) creation of a QoE configuration container (referred to as a QoE configuration container) for the service type. The QoE configuration container at least includes a subset (referred to as a first subset) of QoE metrics from the set of QoE metrics. The QoE configuration container may be a network node-visible QoE configuration container.
[0072] In some example embodiments, the first network device 120 may create the QoE configuration container by itself. The first network device 120 may select the first subset of QoE metrics from the set of QoE metrics. In an example, the first network device 120 may select suitable and desired QoE metrics as the first subset of QoE metrics, from the set of QoE metrics provided by the second network device 130 for the service type.
[0073] In some example embodiments, the first subset of QoE metrics may be selected from the set of QoE metrics based on at least one of an evaluation or a need for a QoE measurement of the service type. In an example, based on a real-time evaluation and needs for QoE measurements, the first network device 120 may select desired QoE metrics from the set of QoE metrics received from the second network device 130. The first subset of QoE metrics may be encapsulated by the first network device 120 into the QoE configuration container.
[0074] In some example embodiments, the QoE configuration container may further include a determined reporting periodicity (referred to as a determined reporting periodicity) of a QoE measurement report related to the first subset of QoE metrics. The first network device 120 may decide a desired reporting periodicity as the determined reporting periodicity for the QoE measurement report. In an example, the determined reporting periodicity may be set to 100ms, 200ms and the like based on a need for the QoE measurement report. The determined reporting periodicity may also be encapsulated into the QoE configuration container.
[0075] Alternatively, or in addition, the QoE configuration container may further include an address of a QoE measurement data consumer of the service type. In an example, the first network device 120 may decide an address, such as IP address or other identifiers, of the QoE measurement data consumer. The address of the QoE measurement data consumer may also be encapsulated into the QoE configuration container.
[0076] In some example embodiments, the above three parameters, that is, the first subset of QoE metrics, the determined reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report and the address of the QoE measurement data consumer may constitute the QoE configuration container. In some other example embodiments, the address of the QoE measurement data consumer may be sent separately, instead of being encapsulated into the QoE configuration container.
[0077] In some example embodiments, the first network device 120 may receive, from the second network device 130, a valid time (referred to as a first valid time) of the set of QoE metrics. The valid time may be used to specify an effective time of provided QoE metrics. Beyond the valid time, the provided QoE metrics may be invalid and not available at the requested network node (e.g., the first network device 120) .
[0078] In some example embodiments, the first network device 120 may determine, from the first valid time, a valid time (referred to as a second valid time) for a QoE measurement of the service type. The second valid time may also be referred to as a QoE measurement time that may be used by the user device 110 (for example, at a UE AL) for a QoE measurements. Beyond the second valid time, the user device 110 may stop the QoE measurement. In an example, the second valid time may be included in the QoE configuration container as the QoE measurement time at the user device 110. It is also possible that the second valid time is sent to the user device 110 separately.
[0079] In some example embodiments, the first network device 120 may send the QoE configuration container to the user device 110 directly or via other network devices. By sending the QoE configuration container, the first network device 120 may ask a capable user device to measure the node-visible QoE. The QoE configuration container may include the first subset of QoE metrics, the determined reporting periodicity of the QoE measurement report, an optional address of the QoE measurement data consumer and an optional valid time.
[0080] In some example embodiments, the first network device 120 may create the QoE configuration container and send this container to the user device 110 via a RRC reconfiguration message. The QoE configuration container may be carried via one separate IE from a legacy IE measConfigAppLayerContainer that is used for a normal QoE configuration. In addition, the QoE configuration container may be carried via an IE different from a legacy IE RAN-VisibleParameters-r17 that is used to indicate only limited metrics.
[0081] By way of example, in the example embodiments where the first network device 120 operates as an access network device, the first network device 120 may act as the QoE measurement data consumer and consume QoE metrics. In this example, the first network device 120 may be responsible for creating the QoE configuration container and may send the QoE configuration container directly to the user device 110 for QoE measurements.
[0082] In some example embodiments, the first network device 120 may send the QoE configuration container to an access network device (e.g., the network device 140) to configure the node-visible QoE configuration. For example, in a case where the first network device 120 is a CN device, the first network device 120 may create the QoE configuration container, and send the container and the address of the QoE measurement data consumer (if the address is not included in the container) to the access network device. Then, the access network device may send the container to the user device 110. In this example, the first network device 120 may send the container and the address of the QoE measurement data consumer to the access network device via 6G mobility management (6G-MM) if there is no direct connection between the first network device 120 and the access network device.
[0083] In some example embodiments, the first network device 120 may send the QoE configuration container to the second network device 130. Correspondingly, the second network device 130 may receive the QoE configuration container from the first network device 120 and send the QoE configuration container directly or via other network devices to the user device 110 for node-visible QoE configuring.
[0084] By way of example, in the example embodiments where the first network device 120 operates as a core network device, the first network device 120 may act as the QoE measurement data consumer and consume QoE metrics. The first network device 120 may be responsible for creating the QoE configuration container. In addition, the first network device 120 may request the second network device 130 (for example, an OAM or a MnS consumer) to send the QoE configuration container to the user device 110 for QoE measurement and to inform to the second network device 130 that one QoE configuration container has been created by the first network device.
[0085] In some example embodiments, the first network device 120 may decide and create the QoE configuration container. Then, the first network device 120 may send QoE configuration container and the address of the QoE measurement data consumer (if the address is not included in the container) to the second network device 130 to request the second network device 130 to send the QoE configuration container to the user device 110. Then, the second network device 130 may send the QoE configuration container and the address of the QoE measurement data consumer to the network device 140 that serves the user device 110 and may inform the first network device 120 that the QoE configuration container has been sent for the first network device. In this example, the network device 140 may operate as a node which is responsible for sending a QoE configuration to the user device 110 (for example, a UE AS) and receiving QoE reporting data from the user device 110 (for example, the UE AS) by RRC signaling.
[0086] In some example embodiments, the first network device 120 may request the second network device 130 to create the QoE configuration container, instead of creating the QoE configuration container by itself. In an example, the first network device 120 may send, to the second network device 130, a second request for creation of the QoE configuration container. The second request at least includes the first subset of QoE metrics. After the second network device 130 may receive the second request, the second network device 130 may create the QoE configuration container based at least on the first subset of QoE metrics. Then, the second network device 130 may send the QoE configuration container to the user device 110 and inform the first network device 120 that one QoE configuration container has been created for the first network device 120.
[0087] In some example embodiments, the second request may further include a first requested reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to the first subset of QoE metrics. Based on the first requested reporting periodicity, the second network device 130 may determine a reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report at least related to the first subset of QoE metrics. The determined reporting periodicity may be included in the QoE configuration container to inform the user device 110 of the reporting periodicity of the QoE measurement report.
[0088] In an example, the first network device 120 may configure or request the second network device 130 (e.g., by sending the second request) to configure the node-visible QoE measurement to the user device 110 for measurements. The second network device 130 may receive from the first network device 120 the second request which may include desired QoE metrics, the desired reporting periodicity and the address of the QoE measurement data consumer. Then, the second network device 130 may create a node-visible QoE configuration container and initiate a node-visible QoE configuration procedure to the first network device 120 (e.g., by sending the QoE configuration container) .
[0089] In this way, any network device may collect QoE measurement results from the user device 110. With such results, the network device may optimize the network within the scope of its own management.
[0090] In some cases, QoE metrics to be measured by the user device 110 (for example, a UE AL) that are requested by different network nodes may have overlapping QoE metrics. For example, node1 requests to measure {Metric1, Metric2, Metric3} and node2 requests to measure {Metric2, Metric3} . In this case, the user device 110 (for example, a UE AL) may produce separate measurement reports for node1 and node2, measurement results of Metric 2 and Metric 3 may be duplicated in different reports and may be sent in Uu interface. Furthermore, the normal status of node-visible QoE reporting data may not be a large size packet if the desired QoE metrics are just a few metrics. For example, node1 may request to measure {Mertric1} and node2 may request {Metric2} . As can be seen from the features of the QoE measurement report mentioned above, the second network device 130 (such as an OAM or MnS consumer) may control node-visible QoE reporting. In some examples, the second network device 130 may identify QoE metrics requested by multiple nodes or may aggregate a plurality of small requests for QoE metrics to optimize the UE reporting in a radio interface.
[0091] In this case, in addition to the example embodiments (referred to as a basic part) as described above, or as alternative, the proposed solution may contain an enhanced part where the QoE configuration container may be controlled e.g., by combining different QoE metrics requested by different network nodes. Both the basic part and the enhanced part are end-to-end (E2E) solutions that target to use a mechanism to replace the NR RV-QoE mechanism and support other network node-visible QoE in 6G. Some example embodiments related to the enhanced part will be described below.
[0092] In some example embodiments, in addition to the second request from the first network device 12 for creation of the QoE configuration container, the second network device 130 may receive, from a further network device (for example, the network device 140) , a further request for creation of a QoE configuration container of the service type. The further request at least includes a second subset of QoE metrics from the set of QoE metrics. In this case, The QoE configuration container may be created by the second network device 130 based on the first subset of QoE metrics and the second subset of QoE metrics. For example, the QoE configuration container may include a combination of the first and second subsets of QoE metrics.
[0093] In this way, the determined QoE metrics in the created QoE configuration container may be from merged metrics requested by different nodes, without overlapping. For example, a network node requests metrics M1 and M2, another network node requests metrics M2 and M3, the determined QoE metrics in the created QoE configuration container may be M1, M2 and M3.
[0094] In some example embodiments, the second request from the first network device 120 may also be used for informing that one QoE configuration container has been created by the first network device 120. Through the second request, the contents of the container created by the first network device 120 may be shared to the second network device 130 (for example, an OAM) such that the second network device 130 can use it to further create one full-set metrics container. From the perspective of the first network device 120 as a requesting network device, the QoE configuration container may include only the first subset of QoE metrics or include more QoE metrics.
[0095] In some example embodiments, the second network device 130 may send, to the first network device 120, a second response to the second request. The second response includes an indication (referred to as a first indication) whether the QoE configuration container includes a full set of QoE metrics to be measured for the service type, or to acknowledge that the creation of the QoE configuration container is completed. For example, the first indication is one confirmation that a container for a full set of metrics has been created or a container for a first subset of QoE metrics has been created.
[0096] In some example embodiments, the second request from the first network device 120 may further include a first requested reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to the first subset of QoE metrics. The further request from the further network device may further include a second reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to the second subset of QoE metrics. The second network device 130 may determine a reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report of the user device 110 based on the first and second requested reporting periodicities. For example, if the second requested reporting periodicity is shorter than the first requested reporting periodicity, the reporting periodicity determined by the second network device 130 may be shorter than or equal to the second reporting periodicity.
[0097] For example, the reporting periodicity of each metric in the container may be a minimum value selected from periodicities configured or requested by different nodes. For example, node1 sets 100ms for metric1, and node2 sets 200ms (as another example of the second reporting periodicity) for metric1. Then, the reporting periodicity of metric1 in a full-set QoE configuration container is 100ms.
[0098] By way of example, in the example embodiments where the first network device 120 operates as a core network device and the network device 140 operates as an access network device, the first network device 120 may request the second network device 130 (which may operate as an OAM) to create a node-visible QoE configuration container for one service with desired metrics (e.g., M1, M2) and desired reporting periodicity (e.g., 100ms) . The network device 140 may request the second network device 130 to create a node-visible QoE configuration container with other desired metrics (e.g., M2, M3) and desired reporting periodicity (e.g., 300ms) . In this case, the second network device 130 may create a full-set QoE configuration container with all desired metrics (e.g., M1, M2, M3) and desired reporting periodicity (e.g., 100ms) .
[0099] In some example embodiments, the second network device 130 may determine to include the combination of the first and second subsets of QoE metrics in the QoE configuration container, based on at least one condition being met. In this way, the enhanced part for controlling the QoE configuration container by combining different QoE metrics requested by different network nodes may be further enhanced based on an evaluation condition which may be set for the second network device 130 to determine whether the combination is needed or not.
[0100] In some example embodiments, the at least one condition may include a condition that the number of devices requesting for creation of a QoE configuration container of the service type is greater than or equal to a threshold number. In an example, the threshold number may be set to N. If the number of requested nodes is greater than or equal to N, the combination may be performed by the second network device 130.
[0101] Alternatively, or in addition, the at least one condition may include a condition that an overlapping rate of QoE metrics requested by different devices is greater than or equal to a threshold rate. In an example, the threshold rate may be set to M. If the overlapping rate of the desired QoE metrics requested by different nodes is greater than or equal to M, the combination may be performed by the second network device 130. Alternatively, or in addition, the at least one condition may include a condition that a difference of reporting periodicities requested by different devices is smaller than or equal to a threshold periodicity.
[0102] In some example embodiments, the QoE configuration container may include an address of the second network device 130, for example, as the address of the QoE measurement data consumer. Accordingly, the second network device 130 may receive the QoE reporting data collected from the user device 110.
[0103] In some example embodiments, the QoE configuration container may include an address of the MCE, for example, as the address of the QoE measurement data consumer. In an example, the second network device 130 may send the QoE configuration container to the first network device 120 with a full-set indication (i.e., the first indication that indicates that the QoE configuration container includes a full set of QoE metrics to be measured for the service type) and the address of the MCE. Then, the QoE reporting data collected from the user device 110 may be sent to the MCE based on the address.
[0104] In this way, the second network device 130 or the MCE may receive a full set of QoE reporting data. Then, the second network device 130 or the MCE may split the full set of QoE reporting data and distribute relative measurement result to corresponding nodes according to its requested metrics.
[0105] There may be a plurality of options to configure the node-visible QoE configuration to the user device 110. Some example implementations in this regard will be described below with reference to FIG. 3.
[0106] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling diagram showing an example communication process 300 between a user device 110 and the network device 140 for QoE measurement collection according to some example embodiments. In this example, the network device 140 may be an access network device such as a gNB, which is responsible for sending the QoE configuration to the user device 110. The network device 140 may be another network entity or node e.g. 6G-MM if the QoE configuration is sent to the user device 110 using NAS signaling instead of AS signaling.
[0107] As shown in FIG. 3, in the process 300, the network device 140 transmits (305) , to a user device 110, a network node-visible QoE configuration for a service type. The network node-visible QoE configuration indicates that at least one network node-visible QoE measurement is to be performed. The network node-visible QoE configuration at least includes at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container. One of the at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container includes the following: at least one QoE metric to be measured for the service type, and a reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to the at least one QoE metric. Correspondingly, the user device 110 receives (310) the network node-visible QoE configuration. In an example, the service type may include a DASH service type, a VR service type and the like. The reporting periodicity may be set to 100ms, 200ms and the like.
[0108] When configuring the node-visible QoE measurements to the user device 110, different options may be considered. For example, specific IEs may be defined in RRC signaling or a transparent container. An option is to format the node-visible QoE configuration to be one container that may be transparently transmitted to the capable user device. For the container format, the desired QoE metrics and desired reporting periodicity may be encapsulated into the container but the address of QoE measurement data consumer may not be encapsulated.
[0109] After receiving (310) the QoE configuration container, the user device 110 performs (315) the at least one network node-visible QoE measurement based on the at least one node-visible QoE configuration container. Then, the user device 110 transmits (320) the QoE measurement report for network node-visible QoE measurement data, to a QoE measurement data consumer. Correspondingly, the network device 140 receives (325) the QoE measurement report. In an example, the user device 110 (e.g., a UE AS) may send a QoE reporting container, which encapsulates the QoE measurement report, to the network device 140 via a RRC MeasurementReportAppLayer message.
[0110] In some examples, the UE AL may perform the QoE measurement according to the node-visible QoE configuration container. The UE AS may be responsible for sending the QoE reporting data to the network device 140. For example, the UE AS may send relative measurement reporting data to the network device 140 via RRC signaling.
[0111] The QoE measurement data consumer may be the network device 140 or other network devices that requested for the measurement data. For example, the user device 110 may report the node-visible QoE measurement result to the indicated network node (i.e., the network device 140) . Correspondingly, the network device 140 may receive corresponding node-visible QoE reporting data from the user device 110 that is readable and used by the node that requests the measurements to perform the proper optimization.
[0112] Alternatively, or in addition, The QoE measurement data consumer may be the second network device 140 which created the node-visible QoE configuration container, or an MCE. Then, the second network device 130 or the MCE may split the QoE reporting data and distribute relative measurement result to corresponding nodes according to its requested metrics.
[0113] In this way, fast and flexible QoE measurement configuration and measurement result collection may be achieved. As such, real-time UE and network performance optimization may be enabled based on the QoE reporting result collected for desired QoE metrics.
[0114] In some example embodiments, the QoE configuration container may further include an indication (referred to as a second indication) of an address of the QoE measurement data consumer. For example, the second indication may be the address itself or other information mapping to the address. In some example embodiments, the second indication may be a measurement identifier (ID) associated with the address. The measurement ID may comprise an RRC measurement ID. For example, if the address of the QoE measurement data consumer is not included in the container (e.g., in a separate IE) , the network device 140 may store the address locally and include one RRC measurement ID in the container. The RRC measurement ID may be shorter than the address of the QoE measurement data consumer. The network device 140 may send the container with the shorter RRC ID to the user device 120 (e.g., a UE AS and AL) in a Uu interface.
[0115] In some example embodiments, the second indication of the address of the QoE measurement data consumer (e.g., the measurement ID) may be included in the QoE measurement report and sent to the network device 140 together if it is included in a previous node-visible QoE configuration container. In this case, the QoE measurement report sent by the user device 110 may include the second indication (e.g., the measurement ID) in association with the QoE reporting data.
[0116] For example, in the case where the address of the QoE measurement data consumer is not included in the node-visible QoE configuration container, the user device 110 may include the RRC measurement ID in the QoE reporting data. The network device 140 may map the RRC measurement ID in the QoE reporting data to the address of QoE measurement data consumer and sends data to indicated network node. In the case where the address of the QoE measurement data consumer is in QoE configuration container and the network device 140 doesn’t have the information stored, the UE AL may need to indicate the address to the UE AS and to the network device 140 when the user device 110 sends the measurements back to the network.
[0117] In some example embodiments, the QoE configuration container may further include a second valid time for the at least one network node-visible QoE measurement. In response to expiry of the valid time, the user device 110 may cease a network node-visible QoE measurement related to the at least one QoE metric, and / or a QoE measurement report related to the at least one QoE metric. In an example, the second valid time may be used as the QoE measurement time at the UE AL. If the second valid time is expired, the UE AL may stop the measurement and further the reporting.
[0118] In some example embodiments, the network device 140 may transmit, to the user device 110, an indication (referred to as a third indication) of updating the at least one QoE metric. The user device 110 may update the at least one QoE metric based on the second indication. The third indication may be implemented in any suitable form. In an example, the third indication may be a measurement ID (for example, an RRC measurement ID) associated with the updating of the at least one QoE metric.
[0119] The updating may comprise any suitable processing related to the at least one QoE metric, for example, including adding, modifying or removing one or more QoE metrics. For example, the RRC measurement ID may be used by the network device 140 to add, modify or remove the metrics. Different IDs or different ID values may be used for different purposes. Accordingly, the network device 140 may directly update any ongoing measured metrics by the related RRC measurement ID or ID value.
[0120] In some example embodiments, the network device 140 may transmit, to the user device 110, a first indication whether the network node-visible QoE configuration container includes a full set of QoE metrics to be measured for the service type. Such a QoE configuration container may also be referred to as a full-set QoE configuration container. If the user device 110 determines, based on the first indication, that the QoE configuration container includes a full set of QoE metrics to be measured for the service type, the user device 110 may replace a previously configured network node-visible QoE configuration container for the service type, with the currently received network node-visible QoE configuration container.
[0121] In an example, in downlink, the first indication may be added in or out of the network node-visible QoE configuration container, to identify that this container is the full-set QoE configuration container. The user device 110 may use the full-set QoE configuration container to replace all node-visible QoE containers that have been configured to the user device 110.
[0122] Similar replacement operations may also be performed at the network device 140. For example, the network device 140 may receive, from a further network device, the network node-visible QoE configuration container and the first indication. The first indication may be added in or out the network node-visible QoE configuration container. If the network device 140 determines, based on the first indication, that the QoE configuration container includes a full set of QoE metrics to be measured for the service type, the network device 140 may replace a previously configured network node-visible QoE configuration container for the service type, with the currently received network node-visible QoE configuration container.
[0123] In some example embodiments, the QoE measurement report sent by the user device 110 may include an indication that the QoE measurement report is related to the full set of QoE metrics of the service type. In an example, in uplink, this indication associated with QoE reporting data may be provided to distinguish with any legacy QoE reporting data.
[0124] With these embodiments, the NR RV-QoE mechanism may be replaced with the proposed solution which has more flexibility and can be easily extended to support new service type and new metrics for measurement. QMC feature attractiveness to operators and vendors in 6G may be enhanced. Furthermore, standardization effort may be reduced that will benefit QoE features to be promoted in 3GPP standardization.
[0125] Example processes of QoE measurement collection for a network node will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 4 to 7.
[0126] FIG. 4 illustrates an example process 400 of QoE measurement collection for a network node in accordance with some example embodiments. In this example, a gNB 401 operates as an example implementation of the first network device 120, an OAM or MnS consumer 402 operates as an example implementation of the second network device 130, and a UE AS 403 and a UE AL 404 operate as an example implementation of the user device 110. In the example of FIG. 4, the gNB 401 may consume QoE metrics and the gNB 401 may be responsible for creating the node-visible QoE container and initiates to UE for QoE measurement.
[0127] As shown in FIG. 4, in the process 400, at 410, the gNB 401 sends a QoE metrics fetch request to the OAM or MnS consumer 402 with a service type indicated. At 412, the OAM or MnS consumer 402 provides the service type, available QoE metrics list (e.g., bitmap, item list) of the service and optional valid time to the gNB 401. In some examples, the valid time is used to specify the effective time of provided QoE metrics, beyond the time, the provided QoE metrics will be invalid and not available at requested network node side. The valid time also can be the QoE measurement time in UE AL 404 side, beyond the time, the UE AL 404 will stop the measurement.
[0128] At 414, the gNB 401 creates a RAN asked node-visible QoE configuration container (as an example of the QoE configuration container) , which includes desired QoE metrics, a desired reporting periodicity, an optional consumer node address (also referred to as the address of a QoE measurement data consumer) and an optional valid time. At 416, the gNB 401 sends the node-visible QoE configuration container to the UE AE 403 via a RRCReconfiguration message. In some examples, the node-visible QoE configuration container may be one separate container different to legacy measConfigAppLayerContainer IE that is used for normal QoE configuration. The node-visible QoE configuration container may be different with legacy RAN-VisibleParameters-r17 IEs that only limited metrics are included by explicit IEs way. Furthermore, the valid time is included in the node-visible QoE configuration container if it is for measurement time in the UE AL 404 side.
[0129] At 418, the UE AS 403 sends the node-visible QoE configuration container to the UE AL 404 for measurement via AT command. At 420, the UE AL 404 sends the QoE measurement result (also referred to as reporting data container or the QoE measurement report) to the UE AS 403 via AT command once desired reporting periodicity expired. The consumer node address may be sent to the UE AS 403 together if it is included in the previous node-visible QoE configuration container.
[0130] At 422, the UE AS 403 sends the QoE reporting container to the gNB 401 via a RRC MeasurementReportAppLayer message. The consumer node address may be sent to the gNB 401 together if it is included in the previous node-visible QoE configuration container.
[0131] FIG. 5 illustrates another example process 500 of QoE measurement collection in accordance with some example embodiments. In this example, a CN node 501 operates as an example implementation of the first network device 120, an OAM or MnS consumer 502 operates as an example implementation of the second network device 130, a gNB 503 operates as an example implementation of the network device 140 and a UE AS 504 and a UE AL 505 operate as an example implementation of the user device 110. In the example of FIG. 5, the CN node 501 may consume QoE metrics and the CN node 501 may be responsible for creating the node-visible QoE container and requests the OAM or MnS consumer 502 to initiate to UE for QoE measurement.
[0132] As shown in FIG. 5, in the process 500, at 510, the CN node 501 sends a QoE metrics fetch request to the OAM or MnS consumer 502 with a service type indicated. At 512, the OAM or MnS consumer 502 provides the service type, available QoE metrics list (e.g., bitmap, item list) of the service and optional valid time to the CN node 501.
[0133] At 514, the CN node 501 decides and creates a node-visible QoE configuration container (as an example of the QoE configuration container) . At 516, the CN node 501 sends the node-visible QoE configuration container to the OAM or MnS consumer 502.
[0134] At 518 and 520, the OAM or MnS consumer 502 sends the CN node asked node-visible QoE configuration container (including desired QoE metrics and desired reporting periodicity) and a consumer node address (if not included in the node-visible QoE configuration container) to the gNB 503.
[0135] At 522 and 524, the gNB 503 stores the consumer node address locally and sends the container with RRC short ID to the UE AS 504 and UE AL 505 for measurement.
[0136] The operations performed at 526 and 528 are the same as operations performed at the 422 and 424. At 530, the gNB 503 maps the RRC short ID to stored consumer node address and sends the received QoE measurement result (reporting data container) to the indicated CN node 501.
[0137] FIG. 6 illustrates an example process 600 of QoE measurement collection for a network node in accordance with some example embodiments. In this example, a CN node 601 operates as an example implementation of the first network device 120, an OAM or MnS consumer 602 operates as an example implementation of the second network device 130, a gNB 603 operates as an example implementation of the network device 140 and a UE AS 604 and a UE AL 605 operate as an example implementation of the user device 110. In the example of FIG. 6, the CN node 601 and the gNB 603 will consume QoE metrics. The OAM or Mns consumer 602 may manage the reporting to be configured at the UE.
[0138] As shown in FIG. 6, in the process 600, at 610, 612, 614 and 616, the gNB 603 requests the OAM or MnS consumer 602 to create a node-visible QoE configuration container (as an example of the QoE configuration container) for one service with desired metrics (e.g., M1, M2) and desired reporting periodicity (e.g., 100ms) .
[0139] At 618, 620, 622 and 624, the CN node 601 requests the OAM or MnS consumer 602 to create node-visible QoE configuration container (as an example of the third QoE configuration container) for one service with desired metrics (e.g., M2, M3) and desired reporting periodicity (e.g., 300ms) .
[0140] At 626 and 628, the OAM or MnS consumer 602 decides to create one full-set QoE configuration container (as an example of the QoE configuration container) with all desired metrics (e.g., M1, M2, M3) and desired reporting periodicity (e.g., 100ms) . The OAM or MnS consumer 602 sends the container to gNB with full-set indication ( “Yes” ) and the address of MCE 606.
[0141] At 630, 632, 634 and 636, the gNB 603 sends node-visible QoE configuration container for full-set QoE configuration and full-set indication (as an example of the third indication) to the UE AS 604 and AL 605 and receives measurement results accordingly. The full-set indication with “Yes” will indicate the UE AS 604 and AL 605 to release other previous configured QoE configuration.
[0142] At 638, due to the consumer address is the address of MCE 606, the gNB 603 sends QoE reporting data to the MCE 606 with full-set reporting indication ( “Yes” ) .
[0143] At 640 and 642, the MCE 606 decodes the QoE reporting data. Based on full-set reporting indication, the MCE 606 separates the QoE reporting data to one for M2 and M3 and another one for M1 and M2. Then, the MCE 606 sends to the CN node 601 and the gNB 603 separately.
[0144] FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of an example method 700 implemented at a first network device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 700 will be described from the perspective of the first network device 120 in FIG. 1.
[0145] At block 710, the first network device 120 receives, from a second network device, a set of QoE metrics to be measured for a service type.
[0146] At block 720, the first network device 120 causes creation of a QoE configuration container for the service type, the QoE configuration container at least including a first subset of QoE metrics from the set of QoE metrics.
[0147] In some example embodiments, the QoE configuration container may further include at least one of: a determined reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report at least related to the first subset of QoE metrics, or an address of a QoE measurement data consumer of the service type.
[0148] In some example embodiments, the first network device 120 may send, to the second network device, a first request for a QoE metric to be measured for the service type. The set of QoE metrics are received from the second network device via a first response to the first request.
[0149] In some example embodiments, the first request may be a request to fetch a full set of QoE metrics to be measured for the service type.
[0150] In some example embodiments, the first network device 120 may receive, from the second network device, a first valid time of the set of QoE metrics.
[0151] In some example embodiments, the first network device 120 may select the first subset of QoE metrics to be measured from the set of QoE metrics.
[0152] In some example embodiments, the first subset of QoE metrics may be selected by the first network device based on at least one of an evaluation or a need for a QoE measurement of the service type.
[0153] In some example embodiments, the first network device 120 may create the QoE configuration container to include the first subset of QoE metrics.
[0154] In some example embodiments, the first network device 120 may send the QoE configuration container to a user device directly or via other network devices.
[0155] In some example embodiments, the first network device 120 may send the QoE configuration container to the second network device.
[0156] In some example embodiments, the first network device 120 may determine, from a first valid time of the set of QoE metrics, a second valid time for a QoE measurement of the service type. The QoE configuration container further includes the second valid time.
[0157] In some example embodiments, the first network device 120 may send, to the second network device, a second request for the creation of the QoE configuration container or for informing that one QoE configuration container has been created by the first network device, the second request at least including the first subset of QoE metrics.
[0158] In some example embodiments, the first network device 120 may receive the QoE configuration container from the second network device; and send the QoE configuration container to a user device.
[0159] In some example embodiments, the second request may further include a first requested reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to the first subset of QoE metrics.
[0160] In some example embodiments, the first network device 120 may receive, from the second network device, a second response to the second request, the second response including a first indication whether the QoE configuration container includes a full set of QoE metrics to be measured for the service type or to acknowledge that the creation of the QoE configuration container is completed.
[0161] In some example embodiments, the QoE configuration container may further include an address of at least one of: the second network device or a measurement collection entity.
[0162] In some example embodiments, the QoE configuration container may be a network node-visible QoE configuration container.
[0163] In some example embodiments, the first network device may be an access network device or a core network device.
[0164] In some example embodiments, the second network device may be an orchestration and management function.
[0165] In some example embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 700 (for example, the first network device 120 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 700 and / or any of the described one or more example embodiments thereof. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The apparatus may be implemented as or included in the first network device 120 in FIG. 1.
[0166] FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of an example method 800 implemented at a second network device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 800 will be described from the perspective of the second network device 130 in FIG. 1.
[0167] At block 810, the second network device 130 sends, to a first network device, a set of QoE metrics to be measured for a service type. A QoE configuration container is created to at least include a first subset of QoE metrics from the set of QoE metrics.
[0168] In some example embodiments, the QoE configuration container may further include at least one of: a determined reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report at least related to the first subset of QoE metrics, or an address of a QoE measurement data consumer of the service type.
[0169] In some example embodiments, the second network device 130 may receive, from the first network device, a first request for a QoE metric to be measured for the service type. Tthe set of QoE metrics are sent to the first network device via a first response to the first request.
[0170] In some example embodiments, the second network device 130 may in response to receiving the first request, select the set of QoE metrics to be measured, from a full set of QoE metrics to be measured for the service type.
[0171] In some example embodiments, the first request may be a request to fetch a full set of QoE metrics to be measured for the service type.
[0172] In some example embodiments, the second network device 130 may send, to the first network device, a first valid time of the set of QoE metrics.
[0173] In some example embodiments, the second network device 130 may receive the QoE configuration container from the first network device; and send the QoE configuration container to a user device.
[0174] In some example embodiments, the second network device 130 may receive, from the first network device, a second request for creation of the QoE configuration container or for informing that one QoE configuration container has been created by the first network device, the second request at least including the first subset of QoE metrics; in response to receiving the second request, create the QoE configuration container based at least on the first subset of QoE metrics; and send the QoE configuration container to at least one of the first network device or a user device.
[0175] In some example embodiments, the second network device 130 may send, to the first network device, a second response to the second request, the second response including a first indication whether the QoE configuration container includes a full set of QoE metrics to be measured for the service type or to acknowledge that the creation request of the QoE configuration container is completed.
[0176] In some example embodiments, the second network device 130 may receive, from a further network device, a further request for creation of a QoE configuration container of the service type, the further request at least including a second subset of QoE metrics from the set of QoE metrics. The QoE configuration container may be created by the second network device based on the first and second subsets of QoE metrics.
[0177] In some example embodiments, the second request from the first network device may further include a first requested reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to the first subset of QoE metrics. The further request from the further network device may further include a shorter second requested reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to the second subset of QoE metrics. The QoE configuration container may further include a determined reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to both the first and second subset of QoE metrics, the determined reporting periodicity being shorter than or equal to the second reporting periodicity.
[0178] In some example embodiments, the second network device 130 may determine to include a combination of the first and second subsets of QoE metrics in the QoE configuration container, based on at least one condition being met.
[0179] In some example embodiments, the at least one condition may comprise at least one of: a condition that the number of devices requesting for creation of a QoE configuration container of the service type is greater than or equal to a threshold number; a condition that an overlapping rate of QoE metrics requested by different devices is greater than or equal to a threshold rate; or a condition that a difference of reporting periodicities requested by different devices is smaller than or equal to a threshold periodicity.
[0180] In some example embodiments, the QoE configuration container may further include an address of at least one of the second network device or a measurement collection entity.
[0181] In some example embodiments, the second network device 130 may send, to at least one of the further network device or a user device, a first indication whether the QoE configuration container includes a full set of QoE metrics to be measured for the service type.
[0182] In some example embodiments, the QoE configuration container may be a network node-visible QoE configuration container.
[0183] In some example embodiments, the first network device may be a core network device or an access network device.
[0184] In some example embodiments, the second network device may be an orchestration and management function.
[0185] In some example embodiments, an appartus capable of performing any of the method 800 (for example, the second network device 130 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 800 and / or any of the described one or more example embodiments thereof. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The apparatus may be implemented as or included in the second network device 130 in FIG. 1.
[0186] FIG. 9 shows a flowchart of an example method 900 implemented at a user device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 900 will be described from the perspective of the user device 110 in FIG. 1.
[0187] At block 910, the user device 110 receives, from a network device, a network node-visible QoE configuration for a service type. The network node-visible QoE configuration indicates that at least one network node-visible QoE measurement is to be performed. The network node-visible QoE configuration at least includes at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container. One of the at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container includes: at least one QoE metric to be measured for the service type, and a reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to the at least one QoE metric.
[0188] At block 940, the user device 110 performs the at least one network node-visible QoE measurement based on the at least one node-visible QoE configuration container.
[0189] At block 950, the user device 110 transmits the QoE measurement report for network node-visible QoE measurement data, to a QoE measurement data consumer.
[0190] In some example embodiments, the network node-visible QoE configuration may further include a second indication of an address of the QoE measurement data consumer, and the QoE measurement report includes the second indication.
[0191] In some example embodiments, the second indication may be a measurement identifier associated with the address.
[0192] In some example embodiments, the network node-visible QoE configuration may further include a second valid time for the at least one network node-visible QoE measurement. The user device 110 may in response to expiry of the second valid time, cease at least one of: a network node-visible QoE measurement related to the at least one QoE metric, or a QoE measurement report related to the at least one QoE metric.
[0193] In some example embodiments, the user device 110 may receive, from the network device, a third indication of updating the at least one QoE metric pertaining to the one of the at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container; and update the at least one QoE metric based on the third indication.
[0194] In some example embodiments, the second indication may be a measurement identifier associated with the updating of the at least one QoE metric.
[0195] In some example embodiments, the user device 110 may receive, from the network device, a first indication whether the network node-visible QoE configuration container includes a full set of QoE metrics to be measured for the service type; and in accordance with a determination, based on the first indication, that the network node-visible QoE configuration container includes a full set of QoE metrics to be measured for the service type, replace a previously configured network node-visible QoE configuration container for the service type, with the one of the at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container.
[0196] In some example embodiments, the QoE measurement report may include an indication that the QoE measurement report is related to the full set of QoE metrics of the service type.
[0197] In some example embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 900 (for example, the user device 110 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 900 and / or any of the described one or more example embodiments thereof. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The apparatus may be implemented as or included in the user device 110 in FIG. 1.
[0198] FIG. 10 shows a flowchart of an example method 1000 implemented at a network device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1000 will be described from the perspective of the network device 140 in FIG. 1.
[0199] At block 1010, the network device 140 transmits, to a user device, a network node-visible QoE configuration for a service type, the network node-visible QoE configuration indicating that at least one network node-visible QoE measurement is to be performed. The network node-visible QoE configuration at least includes at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container. One of the at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container includes: at least one QoE metric to be measured for the service type, and a reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to the at least one QoE metric.
[0200] In some example embodiments, the network node-visible QoE configuration may further include a second indication of an address of a QoE measurement data consumer, and the QoE measurement report includes the second indication.
[0201] In some example embodiments, the second indication may be a measurement identifier associated with the address.
[0202] In some example embodiments, the network node-visible QoE configuration may further include a second valid time for the at least one network node-visible QoE measurement.
[0203] In some example embodiments, the network device 140 may transmit, to the user device, a third indication of updating the at least one QoE metric pertaining to the one of the at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container.
[0204] In some example embodiments, the third indication may be a measurement identifier associated with the updating of the at least one QoE metric.
[0205] In some example embodiments, the network device 140 may transmit, to the user device, a first indication whether the QoE configuration container includes a full set of QoE metrics to be measured for the service type.
[0206] In some example embodiments, the network device 140 may receive, from a further network device, the one of the at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container and the first indication; and in accordance with a determination, based on the first indication, that the network node-visible QoE configuration container includes a full set of QoE metrics to be measured for the service type, replace a previously configured network node-visible QoE configuration container for the service type, with the one of the at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container.
[0207] In some example embodiments, the QoE measurement report may include an indication that the QoE measurement report is related to the full set of QoE metrics of the service type.
[0208] In some example embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 1000 (for example, the network device 140 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1000 and / or any of the described one or more example embodiments thereof. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The apparatus may be implemented as or included in the network device 140 in FIG. 1.
[0209] FIG. 11 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1100 that is suitable for implementing example embodiments. The device 1100 may be provided to implement a communication device, for example, the user device 110, the network device 140, first network device 120 and second network device 130. As shown, the device 1100 includes one or more processors 1110, one or more memories 1 coupled to the processor 1110, and one or more communication modules 1140 coupled to the processor 1110.
[0210] The communication module 1140 is for bidirectional communications. The communication module 1140 has one or more communication interfaces to facilitate communication with one or more other modules or devices. The communication interfaces may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements. In some example embodiments, the communication module 1140 may include at least one antenna.
[0211] The processor 1110 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1100 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0212] The memory 1 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a Read Only Memory (ROM) 1124, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disk (DVD) , an optical disk, a laser disk, and other magnetic storage and / or optical storage. Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random-access memory (RAM) 1122 and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.
[0213] A computer program 1130 includes computer executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 1110. The instructions of the program 1130 may include instructions for performing operations / acts of some example embodiments. The program 1130 may be stored in the memory, e.g., the ROM 1124. The processor 1110 may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program 1130 into the RAM 1122.
[0214] The example embodiments may be implemented by means of the program 1130 so that the device 1100 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to FIG. 2 to FIG. 10. The example embodiments may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0215] In some example embodiments, the program 1130 may be tangibly contained in a computer readable medium which may be included in the device 1100 (such as in the memory 1) or other storage devices that are accessible by the device 1100. The device 1100 may load the program 1130 from the computer readable medium to the RAM 1122 for execution. In some example embodiments, the computer readable medium may include any types of non-transitory storage medium, such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and the like. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0216] FIG. 12 shows an example of the computer readable medium 0 which may be in form of CD, DVD or other optical storage disk. The computer readable medium 0 has the program 1130 stored thereon.
[0217] Generally, various embodiments may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, and other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. Although various aspects of embodiments are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that the block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0218] Some example embodiments also provide at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a computer readable medium, such as a non-transitory computer readable medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target physical or virtual processor, to carry out any of the methods as described above. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0219] Program code for carrying out methods may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. The program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program code, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0220] In the context, the computer program code or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above. Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer readable medium, and the like.
[0221] The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random-access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0222] Further, although operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, although several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of example embodiments, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Unless explicitly stated, certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, unless explicitly stated, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in a plurality of embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0223] Although example embodiments has been described in languages specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first network device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first network device at least to:receive, from a second network device, a set of quality of experience (QoE) metrics to be measured for a service type; andcause creation of a QoE configuration container for the service type, the QoE configuration container at least including a first subset of QoE metrics from the set of QoE metrics.2.The first network device of claim 1, wherein the QoE configuration container further includes at least one of:a determined reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report at least related to the first subset of QoE metrics, oran address of a QoE measurement data consumer of the service type.3.The first network device of any of claims 1 to 2, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the first network device to:send, to the second network device, a first request for a QoE metric to be measured for the service type,wherein the set of QoE metrics are received from the second network device via a first response to the first request.4.The first network device of claim 3, wherein the first request is a request to fetch a full set of QoE metrics to be measured for the service type.5.The first network device of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the first network device to:receive, from the second network device, a first valid time of the set of QoE metrics.6.The first network device of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the first network device to:select the first subset of QoE metrics to be measured from the set of QoE metrics.7.The first network device of claim 6, wherein the first subset of QoE metrics are selected by the first network device based on at least one of an evaluation or a need for a QoE measurement of the service type.8.The first network device of any of claims 6 to 7, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the first network device to:create the QoE configuration container to include the first subset of QoE metrics.9.The first network device of claim 8, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the first network device to:send the QoE configuration container to a user device directly or via other network devices.10.The first network device of claim 8, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the first network device to:send the QoE configuration container to the second network device.11.The first network device of any of claims 8 to 10, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the first network device to:determine, from a first valid time of the set of QoE metrics, a second valid time for a QoE measurement of the service type,wherein the QoE configuration container further includes the second valid time.12.The first network device of any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the first network device to:send, to the second network device, a second request for the creation of the QoE configuration container or for informing that one QoE configuration container has been created by the first network device, the second request at least including the first subset of QoE metrics.13.The first network device of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the first network device to:receive the QoE configuration container from the second network device; andsend the QoE configuration container to a user device.14.The first network device of any of claims 12 to 13, wherein the second request further includes a first requested reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to the first subset of QoE metrics.15.The first network device of any of claims 12 to 14, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the first network device to:receive, from the second network device, a second response to the second request, the second response including a first indication whether the QoE configuration container includes a full set of QoE metrics to be measured for the service type or to acknowledge that the creation of the QoE configuration container is completed.16.The first network device of any of claims 12 to 15, wherein the QoE configuration container further includes an address of at least one of: the second network device or a measurement collection entity.17.The first network device of any of claims 1 to 16, wherein the QoE configuration container is a network node-visible QoE configuration container.18.The first network device of any of claims 1 to 17, wherein the first network device is an access network device or a core network device.19.The first network device of any of claims 1 to 18, wherein the second network device is an orchestration and management function.20.A second network device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second network device at least to:send, to a first network device, a set of quality of experience (QoE) metrics to be measured for a service type,wherein a QoE configuration container is created to at least include a first subset of QoE metrics from the set of QoE metrics.21.The second network device of claim 20, wherein the QoE configuration container further includes at least one of:a determined reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report at least related to the first subset of QoE metrics, oran address of a QoE measurement data consumer of the service type.22.The second network device of any of claims 20 to 21, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the second network device to:receive, from the first network device, a first request for a QoE metric to be measured for the service type,wherein the set of QoE metrics are sent to the first network device via a first response to the first request.23.The second network device of claim 22, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the second network device to:in response to receiving the first request, select the set of QoE metrics to be measured, from a full set of QoE metrics to be measured for the service type.24.The second network device of claim 22, wherein the first request is a request to fetch a full set of QoE metrics to be measured for the service type.25.The second network device of any of claims 20 to 24, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the second network device to:send, to the first network device, a first valid time of the set of QoE metrics.26.The second network device of any of claims 20 to 25, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the second network device to:receive the QoE configuration container from the first network device; andsend the QoE configuration container to a user device.27.The second network device of any of claims 20 to 25, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the second network device to:receive, from the first network device, a second request for creation of the QoE configuration container or for informing that one QoE configuration container has been created by the first network device, the second request at least including the first subset of QoE metrics;in response to receiving the second request, create the QoE configuration container based at least on the first subset of QoE metrics; andsend the QoE configuration container to at least one of the first network device or a user device.28.The second network device of claim 27, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause second network device to:send, to the first network device, a second response to the second request, the second response including a first indication whether the QoE configuration container includes a full set of QoE metrics to be measured for the service type or to acknowledge that the creation request of the QoE configuration container is completed.29.The second network device of any of claims 27 to 28, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the second network device to:receive, from a further network device, a further request for creation of a QoE configuration container of the service type, the further request at least including a second subset of QoE metrics from the set of QoE metrics,wherein the QoE configuration container is created by the second network device based on the first and second subsets of QoE metrics.30.The second network device of claim 29, wherein the second request from the first network device further includes a first requested reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to the first subset of QoE metrics, and the further request from the further network device further includes a shorter second requested reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to the second subset of QoE metrics; andwherein the QoE configuration container further includes a determined reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to both the first and second subset of QoE metrics, the determined reporting periodicity being shorter than or equal to the second reporting periodicity.31.The second network device of any of claims 29 to 30, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the second network device to:determine to include a combination of the first and second subsets of QoE metrics in the QoE configuration container, based on at least one condition being met.32.The second network device of claim 31, wherein the at least one condition comprises at least one of:a condition that the number of devices requesting for creation of a QoE configuration container of the service type is greater than or equal to a threshold number;a condition that an overlapping rate of QoE metrics requested by different devices is greater than or equal to a threshold rate; ora condition that a difference of reporting periodicities requested by different devices is smaller than or equal to a threshold periodicity.33.The second network device of any of claims 29 to 32, wherein the QoE configuration container further includes an address of at least one of the second network device or a measurement collection entity.34.The second network device of any of claims 29 to 33, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the second network device to:send, to at least one of the further network device or a user device, a first indication whether the QoE configuration container includes a full set of QoE metrics to be measured for the service type.35.The second network device of any of claims 20 to 34, wherein the QoE configuration container is a network node-visible QoE configuration container.36.The second network device of any of claims 20 to 35, wherein the first network device is a core network device or an access network device.37.The second network device of any of claims 20 to 36, wherein the second network device is an orchestration and management function.38.A user device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the user device at least to:receive, from a network device, a network node-visible quality of experience (QoE) configuration for a service type, the network node-visible QoE configuration indicating that at least one network node-visible QoE measurement is to be performed, and the network node-visible QoE configuration at least including at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container, one of the at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container including:at least one QoE metric to be measured for the service type, anda reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to the at least one QoE metric; andperform the at least one network node-visible QoE measurement based on the at least one node-visible QoE configuration container; andtransmit the QoE measurement report for network node-visible QoE measurement data, to a QoE measurement data consumer.39.The user device of claim 38, wherein the network node-visible QoE configuration further includes a second indication of an address of the QoE measurement data consumer, and the QoE measurement report includes the second indication.40.The user device of claim 39, wherein the second indication is a measurement identifier associated with the address.41.The user device of any of claims 38 to 40, wherein the network node-visible QoE configuration further includes a second valid time for the at least one network node-visible QoE measurement, and wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the user device to:in response to expiry of the second valid time, cease at least one of:a network node-visible QoE measurement related to the at least one QoE metric, ora QoE measurement report related to the at least one QoE metric.42.The user device of any of claims 38 to 41, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the user device to:receive, from the network device, a third indication of updating the at least one QoE metric pertaining to the one of the at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container; andupdate the at least one QoE metric based on the third indication.43.The user device of claim 42, wherein the second indication is a measurement identifier associated with the updating of the at least one QoE metric.44.The user device of any of claims 38 to 43, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the user device to:receive, from the network device, a first indication whether the network node-visible QoE configuration container includes a full set of QoE metrics to be measured for the service type; andin accordance with a determination, based on the first indication, that the network node-visible QoE configuration container includes a full set of QoE metrics to be measured for the service type, replace a previously configured network node-visible QoE configuration container for the service type, with the one of the at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container.45.The user device of claim 44, wherein the QoE measurement report includes an indication that the QoE measurement report is related to the full set of QoE metrics of the service type.46.A network device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network device at least to:transmit, to a user device, a network node-visible quality of experience (QoE) configuration for a service type, the network node-visible QoE configuration indicating that at least one network node-visible QoE measurement is to be performed, and the network node-visible QoE configuration at least including at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container, one of the at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container including:at least one QoE metric to be measured for the service type, anda reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to the at least one QoE metric.47.The network device of claim 46, wherein the network node-visible QoE configuration further includes a second indication of an address of a QoE measurement data consumer, and the QoE measurement report includes the second indication.48.The network device of claim 47, wherein the second indication is a measurement identifier associated with the address.49.The network device of any of claims 46 to 48, wherein the network node-visible QoE configuration further includes a second valid time for the at least one network node-visible QoE measurement.50.The network device of any of claims 46 to 49, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the network device to:transmit, to the user device, a third indication of updating the at least one QoE metric pertaining to the one of the at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container.51.The network device of claim 50, wherein the third indication is a measurement identifier associated with the updating of the at least one QoE metric.52.The network device of any of claims 46 to 51, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the network device to:transmit, to the user device, a first indication whether the QoE configuration container includes a full set of QoE metrics to be measured for the service type.53.The network device of claim 52, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the network device to:receive, from a further network device, the one of the at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container and the first indication; andin accordance with a determination, based on the first indication, that the network node-visible QoE configuration container includes a full set of QoE metrics to be measured for the service type, replace a previously configured network node-visible QoE configuration container for the service type, with the one of the at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container.54.The network device of claim 53, wherein the QoE measurement report includes an indication that the QoE measurement report is related to the full set of QoE metrics of the service type.55.A method comprising:at a first network device,receiving, from a second network device, a set of quality of experience (QoE) metrics to be measured for a service type; andcausing creation of a QoE configuration container for the service type, the QoE configuration container at least including a first subset of QoE metrics from the set of QoE metrics.56.A method comprising:at a second network device,sending, to a first network device, a set of quality of experience (QoE) metrics to be measured for a service type,wherein a QoE configuration container is created to at least include a first subset of QoE metrics from the set of QoE metrics.57.A method comprising:at a user device,receiving, from a network device, a network node-visible quality of experience (QoE) configuration for a service type, the network node-visible QoE configuration indicating that at least one network node-visible QoE measurement is to be performed, and the network node-visible QoE configuration at least including at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container, one of the at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container including:at least one QoE metric to be measured for the service type, anda reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to the at least one QoE metric; andperforming the at least one network node-visible QoE measurement based on the at least one node-visible QoE configuration container; andtransmitting the QoE measurement report for network node-visible QoE measurement data, to a QoE measurement data consumer.58.A method comprising:at a network device,transmitting, to a user device, a network node-visible quality of experience (QoE) configuration for a service type, the network node-visible QoE configuration indicating that at least one network node-visible QoE measurement is to be performed, and the network node-visible QoE configuration at least including at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container, one of the at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container including:at least one QoE metric to be measured for the service type, anda reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to the at least one QoE metric.59.An apparatus comprising:means for receiving, from a second network device, a set of quality of experience (QoE) metrics to be measured for a service type; andmeans for causing creation of a QoE configuration container for the service type, the QoE configuration container at least including a first subset of QoE metrics from the set of QoE metrics.60.An apparatus comprising:means for sending, to a first network device, a set of quality of experience (QoE) metrics to be measured for a service type,wherein a QoE configuration container is created to at least include a first subset of QoE metrics from the set of QoE metrics.61.An apparatus comprising:means for receiving, from a network device, a network node-visible quality of experience (QoE) configuration for a service type, the network node-visible QoE configuration indicating that at least one network node-visible QoE measurement is to be performed, and the network node-visible QoE configuration at least including at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container, one of the at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container including:at least one QoE metric to be measured for the service type, anda reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to the at least one QoE metric; andmeans for performing the at least one network node-visible QoE measurement based on the at least one node-visible QoE configuration container; andmeans for transmitting the QoE measurement report for network node-visible QoE measurement data, to a QoE measurement data consumer.62.An apparatus comprising:means for transmitting, to a user device, a network node-visible quality of experience (QoE) configuration for a service type, the network node-visible QoE configuration indicating that at least one network node-visible QoE measurement is to be performed, and the network node-visible QoE configuration at least including at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container, one of the at least one network node-visible QoE configuration container including:at least one QoE metric to be measured for the service type, anda reporting periodicity of a QoE measurement report related to the at least one QoE metric.63.A computer readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus at least to perform the method of claim 55 or the method of claim 56 or the method of claim 57 or the method of claim 58.