An ophthalmic device comprising randomly arranged optical elements for a myopic or pre-myopic eye

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to optical films for spectacle lenses for use with eyes experiencing eye-length-related disorders, like myopia. The optical films are configured with a plurality of optical elements, such as a plus-powered donut-ring and optical elements with azimuthally varying power distributions configured with truncations, depressions or a tilt. The arrangement, power, size, number and / or orientation of the optical elements are pseudo-random. This configuration provides dynamic irregular directional cues to the eye which occur during natural and / or instructed eye movements. Instructions on eye movements may be provided via a Myopia Management App. This invention is aimed at slowing the progression of myopia or at preventing or slowing the onset of myopia.

Description

AN OPHTHALMIC DEVICE COMPRISING RANDOMLY ARRANGED OPTICAL ELEMENTS FOR A MYOPIC OR PRE-MYOPIC EYE.CROSS-REFERENCE

[0001] The present disclosure is related to WO 2021 / 056058 (PCT ZAU2020 / 051005 filed on 23.09.2020) entitled “Apparatus and methods of spectacle solutions for myopia” and WO 2021 / 159168 (PCT / AU2021 / 050098 filed on 06.02.2021 ) entitled “Apparatus and methods of ancillary spectacle kit solution for myopia management” which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present disclosure pertains to the field of managing eye-length disorders, such as myopia. The disclosure advances the use of an optical film in conjunction with a spectacle lens designed to slow myopia progression or to prevent or delay the onset of myopia; wherein the optical film features a central distance zone surrounded by a treatment or management zone. The treatment or management zone comprises optical elements with a plus-powered donut-ring or with azimuthally varying power distributions, which may be radially variant or invariant and / or meridionally variant and / or invariant with respect to the axis of each optical element. However, unlike previous designs disclosed in WO 2021 / 056058 and WO 2021 / 159168, this disclosure eliminates the need for switching treatments or applying / replacing films and it also includes different types of optical elements that are configured with truncations or depressions or a tilt that reduces a central power jump. The optical elements within the treatment or management zone are further configured with different delta powers, sizes, shapes, orientations, and arrangements. These differences may be random, quasi-random, or pseudo-random, providing dynamic irregular directional cues during naturally occurring and / or instructed or prescribed eye movements. The type of random distribution may vary for different visual field locations and may be optimized for the right and left eyes. This not only slows myopia progression, or prevents or delays the onset of myopia, but also ensures acceptable binocular vision. Thus, the disclosure represents an advancement in providing a more practical and effective solution for myopia or pre-myopia management over the existing optical films, as disclosed previously (WO 2021 / 056058 and WO 2021 / 159168), that necessitate swapping films at a regular interval.

[0003] The disclosure further includes an apparatus and methods for the prescription, selection, supply, and fitting and use of optical films used in conjunction with standard single-vision spectacles used for correcting the refractive error of an individual. The apparatus and methods are configured to include optical films with optical elements as disclosed previously in WO 2021 / 056058 and WO 2021 / 159168 that provide at least one conoid of partial blur and / or one conoid of Sturm and / or optical elements of the current disclosure with truncations, depressions and / or a tilt that reduces a central power jump which provide an asymmetrical blur signal or an optical element with a plus-powered donut-ring that provides a ring-like blur signal as directional cues to decelerate, ameliorate, control, inhibit, or reduce the rate of myopia progression over time or to prevent or delay the onset of myopia.

[0004] The method is a prescribed method of use of the optical films of the current disclosure and / or instructions on eye movements providing additional temporal and spatial variation to the directional cues or optical stop signals. The present invention further relates to using a mobile application as part of the method for managing myopia or pre-myopia, hereinafter referred to as the 'Myopia Management App'. The Myopia Management App is designed to assist users in adhering to the prescribed method of use or instructions on eye movements for myopia or pre-myopia management, which includes reminders and instructions that guide the wearer to make deliberate eye movements at certain intervals and certain patterns to introduce the additional spatiotemporal change to create the dynamic irregular directional stimulus to reduce eye growth.

[0005] Other embodiments of the current disclosure are directed towards an apparatus and methods, including a spectacle lens blank with optical elements as disclosed previously in WO 2021 / 056058 and WO 2021 / 159168 that provide at least one conoid of partial blur and / or one conoid of Sturm and / or optical elements of the current disclosure with truncations, depressions and / or a tilt that reduces a central power jump which provide an asymmetrical blur signal or an optical element with a plus-powered donut-ring that provides a ring-like blur signal as directional cues to decelerate, ameliorate, control, inhibit, or reduce the rate of myopia progression over time or to prevent or delay the onset of myopia.BACKGROUND

[0006] The present disclosure pertains to the field of ophthalmic optics, specifically to the management of eye-length disorders such as myopia. It is well established that human eyes are hyperopic at birth, with the eyeball length being shorter than the total optical power of the eye. As an individual matures from childhood to adulthood, the eyeball undergoes growth until the eye's refractive state stabilises. This growth is governed by a feedback mechanism predominantly regulated by the individual's visual experience, aiming to align the eye's optics with the eye length and maintain homeostasis, a process known as emmetropisation. The signals guiding emmetropisation are initiated by the modulation of light energy received at the retina. The characteristics of the retinal image are monitored by a biological process that modulates the signal to commence, cease, accelerate, or decelerate eye growth. This process harmonises the optics and the eyeball length to achieve or maintain emmetropia. Deviations from this emmetropisation process could potentially result in refractive disorders such as myopia.

[0007] The incidence rate of myopia is escalating at alarming rates in many regions globally, particularly in East Asia. In myopic individuals, the axial length of the eye is mismatched to the overall power of the eye, causing distant objects to be focussed in front of the retina. A simple pair of negative single-vision lenses can correct myopia. However, while such devices can optically correct the refractive error associated with eye length, they do not address the underlying cause of the excessive eye growth in myopia progression. Excessive eye growth in high degrees of myopia is associated with significant vision-threatening conditions like cataracts, glaucoma, myopic maculopathy, and retinal detachment. Thus, there remains a need for specific optical devices for such individuals that not only correct the underlying refractive error but also substantially prevent excessive eye lengthening over time. Numerous spectacle lens designs have been proposed to control the rate of myopia progression to date. The prior art includes the use of executive, D-shaped, and concentric bifocals, symmetric and asymmetric progressive additional lenses, simultaneous defocus regions on the spectacle lenses, and spectacles with positive spherical aberration also referred to as peripheral plus lenses. All these designs have some degree of additional power related to the prescription power of the lens, distributed either rotationally symmetrically or asymmetrically across the optical axis of the spectacles.

[0008] Each option available for slowing down the progression of myopia in an individual has its advantages and disadvantages. Some of these disadvantages are discussed here. For instance, current spectacle designs that rely on various bifocal lenses or peripheral plus power can compromise vision quality at different viewing angles. This is due to the introduction of significant visual disturbances such as swing effects, image jumps, residual aberrations, and peripheral distortions. These side effects mainly stem from the substantial levels of multiple defocus regions, multiple defocus zones or segments, the use of large amounts of positive spherical aberration in the lens, or a drastic change in power within a specific zone of the spectacle lens. Considering the impact of spectacle lens wear compliance on the effectiveness of these lenses, a significant decrease in visual performance could lead to poor compliance, thereby reducing the effectiveness of these lenses. The latest round of technologies includes the use of segmented plus in much smaller areas of the spectacles, known as lenslet-based technologies, addressed some of the drawbacks of their predecessors. However, they came with high access costs, making them unaffordable for the average person.

[0009] This disclosure relates to WO 2021 / 056058 and WO 2021 / 159168 which have advanced the field by introducing novel optical films to be used in conjunction with spectacles, wherein the optical films comprise optical elements with dynamic features, to slow myopia progression or to prevent or delay the onset of myopia. However, these previous disclosures required the interchangeable use of at least two pairs of films. The current disclosure improves upon the previous films and use by randomly or quasi-randomly or pseudo-random ly arranging the optical elements. This film, when used with standard single-vision spectacle lenses, has a central distance zone encircled by a treatment zone. The treatment or management zone consists of optical elements with a plus-powered donut ring or with power distributions that vary azimuthally and may be radially and / or meridionally variant or invariant relative to the axis of each optical element. Further, the optical elements with azimuthally varying power distributions of the current disclosure may be configured of truncations, depressions and / or a tilt. Unlike previous disclosures, this invention eliminates the need to switch treatments or apply / replace films. The spatio-temporal change in the stimulus to reduce eye growth is achieved by the random features of the different typesof optical elements and / or a set of instructions and / or a Myopia Management App that guide the wearer to make deliberate eye movements.

[0010] Other embodiments of the current disclosure are directed towards an apparatus and methods, including spectacle lenses with optical elements with a plus-powered donut ring or with power distributions that vary azimuthally and may be radially and / or meridionally variant or invariant relative to the axis of each optical element, wherein the optical elements with azimuthally varying power distributions of the current disclosure may be configured of truncations, depressions and / or a tilt of the current disclosure.DEFINITIONS

[0011] “Myopic eye” is defined as an eye that is either currently myopic, in the pre- myopic stage, at risk of developing myopia, or diagnosed with a refractive condition progressing towards myopia.

[0012] “Progressing myopic eye” refers to an eye with confirmed myopia that is diagnosed to be advancing, as indicated by either a change in refractive error of at least -0.25 D / year or an increase in axial length of at least 0.1 mm / year.

[0013] “Pre-myopic” or “an eye at risk of becoming myopic” describes an eye that could be emmetropic or low hyperopic at present but is identified to have a higher risk of developing myopia due to genetic factors (e.g., both parents are myopic), age (e.g., being low hyperopic at a young age), environmental factors (e.g., time spent outdoors), or behavioural factors (e.g., time spent performing near tasks).

[0014] “Optical stop signal” or “stop signal” is an optical signal or directional cue that may aid in slowing, reversing, arresting, retarding, inhibiting, or controlling the growth of an eye and / or refractive condition of the eye.

[0015] The term "irregular cue" means an optical signal that may facilitate slowing, reversing, arresting, retarding, inhibiting, or controlling the growth of an eye and / or refractive condition of the eye.

[0016] “Spatially varying optical stop signal” is an optical signal or a directional cue, provided at the retina, which changes spatially across the retina of the eye.

[0017] Temporally varying optical stop signal” is an optical signal or a directional cue, provided at the retina, which changes over time. “Temporally and spatially varying optical stop signal” is an optical signal or a directional cue, provided at the retina, which changes both over time and spatially across the retina of the eye.

[0018] “Through-focus” typically refers to the space dimension in front of and / or behind the retina, usually measured in image space, in millimetres. However, in some embodiments, a surrogate measure of the “through-focus” term referred to in the object space and measured in Dioptres or Diopters, generally refers to the same thing, as disclosed herein.

[0019] “Spectacle lens” may refer to a finished or semi-finished blank lens. “Standard single vision spectacle lens” or “spectacle lens blank” or “commercially available single vision spectacles” “standard spectacles” or “habitual single vision” refers to spectacle lenses used to correct the underlying refractive error of the eye; wherein the refractive error may be myopia, with or without astigmatism.

[0020] “Myopia management spectacle lens” or “myopia management spectacles” refers to spectacle lenses used to not only correct the underlying refractive error of the eye but also manage the progression of refractive error; wherein the refractive error may be myopia, with or without astigmatism.

[0021] “Optical zone” or “optic zone” refers to the region on the myopia management spectacle lens that has the prescribed optical effect. “Optical centre” refers to the thinnest or thickest point of the optical zone of a minus- or plus powered spectacle lens, respectively. “Optical axis” refers to a line that is perpendicular to the tangential plane through the optical centre. “Spherical optical zone” may refer to the optical zone having a uniform power distribution with or without spherical aberration. “Non-spherical optical zone” may refer to the optical zone not having uniform optical power distribution. The non-spherical optical zone may be further classified into the non- spherical optical zone with lower-order aberrations like astigmatism or higher-order aberrations like coma, trefoil, and spherical aberration. “Astigmatic optical zone” or “toric optical zone” may refer to the optical zone having sphero-cylindrical power distribution.

[0022] “Radial” refers to the direction extending from the optical centre to the edge of the optic zone, defined along a specific azimuthal angle. A “radial spoke” is a spoke that radiates outward from the centre to the end of the optic zone, at a predetermined azimuthal angle.

[0023] “Radial power distribution” describes the one-dimensional power distribution of localized optical power across a chosen radial spoke.

[0024] “Radially invariant power distribution” refers to a radial spoke with a substantially uniform power distribution. Conversely, “radially variant power distribution” refers to a radial spoke with substantially non-uniform power distribution.

[0025] “Meridian” refers to two opposing radial spokes spread across a predetermined azimuthal angle on the optical zone.

[0026] “Meridional power distribution” describes the one-dimensional power distribution of localized optical power across an arbitrary meridian across the optic zone.

[0027] “Meridionally invariant power distribution” refers to a meridian with a substantially uniform power distribution. “Meridionally variant power distribution” refers to a meridian with a substantially non-uniform power distribution.

[0028] “Meridional power distribution with mirror symmetry” refers to a meridian with substantially identical power distributions across its two opposing radial spokes.

[0029] “Meridional power distribution devoid of mirror symmetry” refers to a meridian with two substantially different power distributions across its two opposing radial spokes.

[0030] “Azimuth or azimuthal angles” refer to the direction along the circumference of the optic zone about the optical axis, defined at an arbitrary radial distance.

[0031] “Azimuthal power distribution” describes the one-dimensional power distribution of localized optical power across arbitrary azimuthal angles measured at a given radial distance about the optical axis.

[0032] “Azimuthally invariant power distribution” refers to an azimuthal power distribution with a substantially uniform power distribution. “Azimuthally variant power distribution” refers to an azimuthal power distribution with a substantially non-uniform power distribution.

[0033] “Azimuthal power distribution with mirror symmetry” refers to an azimuthal power distribution where the distribution between 0 and IT radians is substantially similar to the distribution between IT and 2TT radians.

[0034] “Azimuthal power distribution devoid of mirror symmetry” refers to an azimuthal power distribution where the distribution between 0 and IT radians is substantially different to the distribution between IT and 2TT radians.

[0035] “Model eye” could refer to a schematic, raytracing, or a physical model eye.

[0036] “Diopter”, “Dioptre” or “D” are units of dioptric power, defined as the reciprocal of the focal distance of a lens or an optical system, in meters, along an optical axis. “DS” signifies spherical dioptric power, and “DC” signifies cylindrical dioptric power.

[0037] “Conoid of Sturm” or “interval of Sturm” refers to the resultant through-focus image profile formed on or about the retina due to the induced astigmatic, toric, or asymmetric, power profile of the optical element, represented as elliptical blur patterns including the sagittal and tangential planes, and a circle of least confusion.

[0038] “Conoid of partial blur” or “interval of partial blur” refers to the resultant through- focus retinal image formed due to the introduced meridionally and azimuthally variant power distributions within the optic zone, represented with irregular blur patterns with sagittal and tangential planes.

[0039] “Asymmetrical blur” refers to the resultant through-focus retinal image formed by the optical element due to the introduced azimuthally varying power distribution, wherein the central sag profile of the optical element exhibits either a depression or a truncation.

[0040] “Ring-like blur signal” refers to the resultant through-focus retinal image formed by an optical element with a circular donut plus power ring, wherein the positive powerof the outer profile does not vary as a function of azimuth, and the central profile is configured substantially of piano power.

[0041] “Power profile” is defined as the one-dimensional power distribution of localized optical power across a myopia management spectacle lens, either as a function of radial distance at a given azimuthal angle with the optical centre as a reference; or as a function of an azimuthal angle measured at a given radial distance.

[0042] “Power map” refers to the two-dimensional power distribution of a myopia management spectacle lens in cartesian or polar coordinates.

[0043] In the context of describing a myopia management spectacle lens or spectacle front, “radial” means in the direction radiating out from the optical centre of the spectacle lens or spectacle front, defined along an azimuthal angle. “Azimuthal” means in the direction circumferential about the optical centre of the spectacle lens or spectacle front defined at a radial distance.

[0044] “Power map of the optical film” refers to the two-dimensional power distribution across substantially the entire optical film used in conjunction with a standard singlevision spectacle lens.

[0045] “Back vertex power” refers to the reciprocal of back vertex focal length over the entire or a specified region over the optical zone, expressed in Dioptres (D).

[0046] “SPH” or “Spherical” power refers to substantially uniform power between all meridians of the optic zone.

[0047] “CYL”, and “Cylinder” power refers to the difference in back vertex powers between the two principal meridians within the optical zone.

[0048] “Delta power” refers to the difference between the maximum and the minimum powers within the pluralities of the meridionally varying power distributions across the optic zone and azimuthally varying power distributions about the optical axis.

[0049] “Base prescription for correcting the refractive error” refers to the standard spectacle prescription required to correct underlying myopia in an individual, with or without astigmatism.

[0050] “Sub-foveal region” refers to the region immediately adjacent to the foveal pit of the retina, approximately a region of 0.5 mm diameter. “Foveal region” refers to approximately a region of 1 .5 mm diameter about the foveal pit.

[0051] “Parafoveal region” refers to the region adjacent to the foveal region, approximately outside the 1 .5 mm and within 3 mm diameter about the foveal pit.

[0052] “Para macular region” refers to the region immediately adjacent to the foveal region, approximately outside the 1 .5 mm and within 3 mm diameter about the foveal pit.

[0053] “Prescribed method of use” and “instructions on eye movements” refer to the method purposefully aimed at providing a temporal and spatial variation to the optical stop signals provided by the myopia management devices disclosed herein and involving specific eye movements at regular intervals, including the use of a Myopia Management App with the specific aim to maintain the efficacy to reduce the progression of eye growth.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0054] Certain disclosed embodiments are directed towards the apparatus, supply, and configuration of optical film designs to be used in conjunction with standard single vision spectacle lenses or spectacle lens designs involving a specific arrangement (i.e., random, quasi-random, pseudo-random etc) of optical elements in certain portions of the optical film or spectacle lens, which transform standard single vision spectacle lenses into myopia management spectacles. The design and random arrangement of optical elements in the disclosed films and lenses reduce the need for switching treatments or applying / replacing films. In addition, the spatio-temporal change in the stimulus to reduce eye growth may be further achieved by a set of instructions that guide the wearer to make deliberate eye movements. This set of instruction may be delivered via a Myopia Management App. This not only slows myopia progression or prevents or delays the onset of myopia but also ensures acceptable binocular vision. Thus, the invention represents an advancement in providing a more practical and effective solution for myopia management.

[0055] Certain disclosed embodiments are directed towards the apparatus, supply, and configuration of optical film designs. These designs include a random arrangement of optical elements within the optical film. When used in conjunction with standard single-vision spectacle lenses, they transform these lenses into myopia management spectacle lenses. In myopes, these lenses aim to correct the myopic refractive error and simultaneously provide dynamic irregular directional cues. These cues serve as optical stop signals to reduce the progression of eye growth. In premyopes who are at risk of becoming myopic, these lenses provide dynamic irregular directional cues that serve as optical stop signals to prevent or delay the onset of myopia.

[0056] Certain methods of this disclosure include a care regimen to provide temporal and spatial variation to the optical stop signals. This ensures that the efficacy of reducing the progression of eye growth remains substantially consistent over time. This is achieved by designing specific elements arranged in a random pattern on the film. The wearer is encouraged to perform specific eye movements that do not necessitate a change of film. This creates the spatio-temporal change in the stimulus to eye growth.

[0057] Certain disclosed embodiments consist of methods involving an optical film to be used in conjunction with standard single-vision spectacle lenses. The method involves the selection, prescription, fitting, and use of the optical film under a prescribed method of use or instructions on eye movements. This prescribed method of use involves a set of eye movements made by the wearer. The design of the optical films and / or the prescribed method of use or instructions on eye movements provide temporally and spatially varying optical stop signals, for example, at least one conoid of a partial blur or at least one conoid of Sturm or at least one asymmetrical blur signal or at least one ring-like blur signal, on the central and / or peripheral retinal region of an eye. This is achieved without the need to swap or change the films with another design or orientation as disclosed previously in WO 2021 / 056058 and WO 2021 / 159168.

[0058] In some examples, the method may include a prescribed care regimen that offers the temporally varying or time-changing optical stop signal by eye movements. This can vary in at least an hourly, daily, weekly, or monthly pattern. In other examples, the methods may include a prescribed care regimen that offers the temporally varyingor time-changing optical stop signal to vary in a more regular or a more irregular pattern. This could be once every day for the following week, once in two days, once in three days, or once in four days. This not only slows myopia progression or prevents or delays the onset of myopia but also ensures acceptable binocular vision. Thus, the invention represents an advancement in providing a more practical and effective solution for myopia management.

[0059] In some instances, the methods may include a prescribed care regimen, involving specific eye movements by the wearer, that offers the spatially varying or space-changing optical stop signal. This can vary within at least 2.5 degrees, 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees or a 50-degree visual field of the wearer. In other instances, the methods may include a prescribed care regimen that offers the spatially varying stop signal to vary in more than one desirable retinal region.

[0060] Certain other disclosed embodiments address the ongoing need for improved spectacle-based designs that can consistently slow down the progression of myopia over time or prevent or delay the onset of myopia while providing reasonable and adequate visual performance to the wearer for a range of daily activities. Various aspects of the embodiments of the present invention cater to such needs of a wearer. Certain disclosed embodiments include various designs of optical films comprising optical elements, each to be used in conjunction with standard single-vision spectacle lenses. Each design is purposefully configured with optical elements configured with plus-powered donut rings and / or with optical elements with one or more meridionally and / or azimuthally variant power distributions, wherein the meridionally and / or azimuthally variant power distributions of the optical elements may be mirror symmetric or lack mirror symmetry, in addition to the base prescription required to correct the refractive error. The optical elements with meridionally and / or azimuthally variant power distributions may additionally comprise of truncations, depressions or tilt. When the optical elements are arranged in a random pattern, it results, at least in part, in a foveal correction of the myopic eye and, at least in part, results in a conoid of partial blur and / or a conoid of Sturm and / or at least one asymmetrical blur signal and / or at least one ring-like blur signal at the retina of the myopic eye that inhibits further eye growth or progression of myopia for the wearer. When the said optical film,used in conjunction with a single-vision lens, is worn under a prescribed care regimen involving specific eye movements at regular intervals, it provides an additional temporally and spatially varying stop signal on the central and / or peripheral retina. This not only slows myopia progression but also ensures acceptable binocular vision. Thus, the invention represents an advancement in providing a more practical and effective solution for myopia management.

[0061] Certain embodiments of this disclosure are directed towards devices, methods, and / or systems of modifying the incoming light through spectacle lenses with optical films that utilize directional cues, i.e. , a conoid of partial blur, a conoid of Sturm or at least one asymmetrical blur signal or at least one ring-like blur signal imposed on at least one region of the retina to decelerate the rate of myopia progression.

[0062] In some embodiments, the region or regions of the retina where at least one conoid of partial blur, and / or at least one conoid of Sturm, and / or at least one asymmetrical blur signal, and / or at least one ring-like blur signal is introduced may be at the fovea, parafoveal, macular, and / or the paramacular region of the retina. In other embodiments, these regions may be in the temporal, nasal, inferior, and / or superior portions of the retina. The specific region or regions of the retina of the wearer for introducing at least one conoid of partial blur and / or at least one conoid of Sturm and / or at least one asymmetrical blur signal and / or at least one ring-like blur signal may be within at least 2.5 degrees, 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees, 20 degrees, 25 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, or 50 degrees of the visual field. These regions may differ between the left and right eyes of the wearer. In some examples, the differences may be configured as differences in size, orientation, delta power, optical elements type, arrangement and / or location of the optical stimulus. In other examples, the differences may be chosen such that at least one eye would maintain adequate visual performance comparable to that of a standard single-vision lens at any given angle.

[0063] Certain embodiments of the disclosure are directed towards an apparatus and methods, including an optical film for converting a standard single-vision spectacle lens for the correction of myopia to a myopia management spectacle lens. This lens not only corrects myopia but also retards, decelerates, reduces, and / or manages the progression of myopia. The optical film may be configured on the standard single-vision spectacle lens using a desired power profile variation of the optical elements and desired arrangement of the optical elements across the optical film.

[0064] In other embodiments of the disclosure are directed towards an apparatus and methods, including an optical film for converting a standard single-vision spectacle lens to a myopia management spectacle lens, wherein the lens is aimed at preventing or delaying the onset of myopia in a pre-myopic eye that is at risk of becoming myopic. The optical film may be configured on the standard single-vision spectacle lens using a desired power profile variation of the optical elements and desired arrangement of the optical elements across the optical film.

[0065] In some embodiments, the power profile of the optical film may vary in different regions of the optical film. When the optical film is configured on or adhered to the single-vision spectacle lens, it provides at least one conoid of partial blur and / or at least one conoid of Sturm and / or at least one asymmetrical blur signal and / or at least one ring-like blur signal for at least one specific region of the retina of the wearer to reduce the rate of myopia progression or to prevent or delay the onset of myopia. In some instances, the specific region or regions of the retina for introducing the at least one conoid of partial blur and / or the at least one conoid of Sturm and / or at least one asymmetrical blur signal and / or at least one ring-like blur signal may be in the nasal, temporal, superior, and / or inferior portion of the retina. In other instances, other retina locations may be identified.

[0066] In some embodiments, the specific region, or regions of the retina of the wearer for introducing the at least one conoid of partial blur and / or the at least one conoid of Sturm and / or at least one asymmetrical blur signal and / or at least one ring-like blur signal may be in the sub-foveal, foveal, parafoveal, macular, and / or paramacular region of the retina. This not only slows myopia progression or prevents or delays the onset of myopia but also ensures acceptable binocular vision. Thus, the invention represents an advancement in providing a more practical and effective solution for myopia management.

[0067] Unlike the previous disclosures WO 2021 / 056058 and WO 2021 / 159168, this invention eliminates the need to switch treatments or apply / replace films; this is done by adapting a specific care regimen that involves the wearer making certain eyemovements at certain prescribed intervals. In this disclosure, optical films with random arrangement are provided; wherein these optical films are designed to give a varying stop signal to the user when used in a specific care regimen involving certain eye movements. These eye movements, which may include Horizontal, Vertical, Diagonal, Figure Eight, Randomized, Zigzag, Square, Cross, and Spiral Eye Movements, are performed at specific intervals. For example, these movements can be repeated at least 3, 6, 9, or 12 times at least every hour, day, week, or month. These eye movements can provide an additional varying optical stop signal on the retina, potentially slowing myopia progression or preventing or delaying the onset of myopia while maintaining acceptable binocular vision. This invention offers a practical and effective solution for managing myopia.

[0068] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the individual optical films may be either glued onto at least one of the surfaces (i.e. , the front and / or the back surface) of the standard single-vision spectacle lens, adhered with pressure (e.g., finger pressure or a different tool) onto at least one of the surfaces of to the standard singlevision spectacle lens, used as a sticker on at least one of the surfaces of the standard single-vision spectacle lens, used as a peel-able adhesive on at least one of the surfaces of the standard single-vision spectacle lens, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments of the disclosure, the individual optical films configured on the standard single-vision spectacle lens aimed to correct myopia and slow the progression of myopia or to prevent or delay the onset of myopia may cover only a regional portion of the spectacle lens. In some examples, the regional portion of the spectacle lens covered by the said sticker may have a surface area of at least 3 mm2, at least 5 mm2, at least 8 mm2, at least 16 mm2, at least 25 mm2, at least 50 mm2, at least 100 mm2, at least 200 mm2, at least 400 mm2, or at least 800 mm2.

[0069] In some embodiments, the optical elements in the treatment or management zone of the optical film are further designed with varying delta powers, sizes, shapes, types of elements and arrangements. These variations can be random, quasi-random, or pseudo-random, providing dynamic irregular directional cues during naturally occurring and / or instructed eye movements. The type of random distribution can differ for various visual field locations and can be optimized for the right and left eyes. Thisnot only slows down myopia progression or prevents or delays the onset of myopia but also ensures acceptable binocular vision.

[0070] Some embodiments of the current disclosure are directed towards an apparatus and methods, including a spectacle lens blank with optical elements as disclosed previously in WO 2021 / 056058 and WO 2021 / 159168 that provide at least one conoid of partial blur and / or one conoid of Sturm and / or optical elements of the current disclosure with truncations, depressions and / or a tilt or an optical element with a plus- powered donut-ring that provide directional cues to decelerate, ameliorate, control, inhibit, or reduce the rate of myopia progression over time or to prevent or delay the onset of myopia.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0071] Figure 1 illustrates an optical film applied to a standard single vision spectacle lens blank cut into a circular shaped optical film with a diameter of 30 mm configured with three optical elements as disclosed previously in WO / 2021 / 056058 as well as the power distribution (i.e. , power as a function of optical element diameter and power as a function of azimuth) of the optical element.

[0072] Figure 2 illustrates an optical film applied to a standard single vision spectacle lens blank cut into a circular shaped optical film with a diameter of 30 mm configured with eight optical elements as disclosed previously in WO / 2021 / 159168 as well as the power distribution (i.e., power as a function of optical element diameter and power as a function of azimuth) of the optical element.

[0073] Figure 3 illustrates the top and cross-sectional view of an optical element of the current disclosure, which resembles a circular donut plus power ring.

[0074] Figure 4 illustrates the top and cross-sectional views of an optical element of the current disclosure, which resembles an elliptical donut plus power ring.

[0075] Figure 5 illustrates the top and cross-sectional views of an optical element of the current disclosure, which resembles a truncated elliptical optical element.

[0076] Figure 6 illustrates the top and cross-sectional views of an optical element of the current disclosure, which resembles a plus / minus powered optical element or an optical element with a depression.

[0077] Figure 7 illustrates a 2D and a 3D power map of an optical element of the previous disclosure WO / 2021 / 159168 with an azimuthally and meridionally varying power distribution, wherein the power distribution varies in the centre of the optical element, i.e. , it has a central jump.

[0078] Figure 8 illustrates a 2D and a 3D power map of an optical element of the current disclosure with an azimuthally and meridionally varying power distribution, wherein the power distribution does not vary in the centre of the optical element, i.e., it has no central jump, and it represents a flat tilted disc.

[0079] Figure 9 illustrates a 2D and a 3D power map of an optical element of the current disclosure with an azimuthally and meridionally varying power distribution, wherein the power distribution does not vary in the centre of the optical element and it has further been optimised by adding asphericity along each half meridian, i.e., it has no central jump and it represents a flat tilted disc with an additional -0.13 asphericity.

[0080] Figure 10 illustrates an optical film embodiment of the current disclosure applied to a standard single vision spectacle lens blank which describes the location of an optical element within the peripheral treatment zone of the optical film embodiment with respect to the center of the central distance zone of the optical film embodiment.

[0081] Figure 11 illustrates an optical film embodiment of the current disclosure applied to a standard single vision spectacle lens blank which is configured with optical elements of the previous disclosures WO / 2021 / 056058 and WO / 2021 / 159168 as well as optical elements of the current disclosure as described in Figures 3 to 9, wherein the optical elements are arranged randomly in the peripheral treatment zone.

[0082] Figure 12 illustrates an optical film embodiment of the current disclosure applied to a standard single vision spectacle lens blank which is configured with optical elements of the previous disclosures WO / 2021 / 056058 and WO / 2021 / 159168 as well as optical elements of the current disclosure as described in Figures 3 to 9, whereinthe optical elements are arranged randomly in the peripheral treatment zone as well as in the central distance zone.

[0083] Figure 13 illustrates an optical film embodiment of the current disclosure applied to a standard single vision spectacle lens blank which is configured with optical elements of the previous disclosures WO / 2021 / 056058 and WO / 2021 / 159168 as well as optical elements of the current disclosure as described in Figures 3 to 9, arranged randomly within the horizontal peripheral treatment zone.

[0084] Figure 14 illustrates an optical film embodiment of the current disclosure applied to a standard single vision spectacle lens blank which is configured with optical elements of the previous disclosures WO / 2021 / 056058 and WO / 2021 / 159168 as well as optical elements of the current disclosure as described in Figures 3 to 9, arranged randomly within the superior and inferior peripheral treatment zone, wherein the optical elements vary in size and orientation between the superior and inferior peripheral treatment zone.

[0085] Figure 15 illustrates an optical film embodiment of the current disclosure applied to a standard single vision spectacle lens blank which is configured with optical elements of the previous disclosures WO / 2021 / 056058 and WO / 2021 / 159168 as well as optical elements of the current disclosure as described in Figures 3 to 9, with random orientation and being randomly arranged within the three annular-like peripheral treatment zones.

[0086] Figure 16 illustrates an exemplary schematic diagram of two myopia management spectacle pairs which are configured with two optical film pair embodiments of the current disclosure, configured with optical elements of the previous disclosures WO / 2021 / 056058 and WO / 2021 / 159168 as well as optical elements of the current disclosure as described in Figures 3 to 9, wherein the optical elements between the right and left optical films are substantially different, to maintain adequate visual performance for at least one eye.

[0087] Figure 17 illustrates an exemplary schematic diagram of two myopia management spectacle pairs which are configured with two optical film pair embodiments of the current disclosure, configured with optical elements of the previous disclosures WO / 2021 / 056058 and WO / 2021 / 159168 as well as opticalelements of the current disclosure as described in Figures 3 to 9, wherein the optical elements between the first and the second myopia management spectacle pair are substantially different, to provide adequate binocular visual performance for different viewing distances and / or viewing requirements.

[0088] Figure 18 illustrates an exemplary schematic diagram of two myopia management spectacle pairs which are configured with two optical film pair embodiments of the current disclosure, configured with optical elements of the previous disclosures WO / 2021 / 056058 and WO / 2021 / 159168 as well as optical elements of the current disclosure as described in Figures 3 to 9, wherein the arrangement of the optical elements in the first and the second myopia management spectacle pair is substantially different.

[0089] Figure 19 illustrates a spectacle lens blank embodiment of the current disclosure which is configured with optical elements of the previous disclosures WO / 2021 / 056058 and WO / 2021 / 159168 as well as optical elements of the current disclosure as described in Figures 3 to 9, wherein the optical elements are arranged randomly in the peripheral treatment zone as well as in the central distance zone.

[0090] Figure 20 illustrates a spectacle lens blank embodiment of the current disclosure which is configured with optical elements of the previous disclosures WO / 2021 / 056058 and WO / 2021 / 159168 as well as optical elements of the current disclosure as described in Figures 3 to 9, with random orientation and being randomly arranged within the three annular-like peripheral treatment zones.

[0091] Figure 21 illustrates examples of patterns of eye movements to be performed when the optical film embodiment of the current disclosure is applied to the standard single vision spectacle lenses and is worn according to the prescribed instructions.

[0092] Figure 22 illustrates exemplary features provided in a Myopia Management Application (App) when the optical films of the current disclosure are worn in conjunction with standard single vision spectacle lenses, wherein the features include user profile information, a personalized treatment plan and instructions relating to the optical film use and eye movements.

[0093] Figure 23 shows the central part of a lenslet-based myopia management spectacle lens of prior art and wide-field point spread function images (± 25°, horizontal, vertical and oblique) obtained when a myopic eye views through different peripheral locations of the lens.

[0094] Figure 24 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the current disclosure, i.e. , a spectacle lens configured with an optical film, wherein the optical film includes optical elements such as disclosed in Figures 1 -9 with random arrangement, orientation, delta power, optical element type and size, as well as the corresponding wide-field point spread function images (± 25°, horizontal, vertical and oblique) obtained when a myopic eye views through different peripheral locations of the spectacle lens configured with the optical film.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0095] Myopia, or near-sightedness, is a common vision condition that affects a significant portion of the global population. Managing myopia effectively is a challenge that many eye care professionals face. The disclosed embodiments in this document present an innovative solution to this problem by transforming standard single-vision spectacle lenses into myopia management spectacles using specially designed optical films. The optical film designs disclosed in these embodiments involve a random arrangement of optical elements and specific types of optical elements that are configured with azimuthally varying power distributions as disclosed previously in WO 2021 / 056058 and WO 2021 / 159168 and new optical elements including plus-powered donut-ring elements and elements with azimuthally varying power distributions that also include tilt, truncations and depressions. The unique types of optical elements and the random arrangement of optical elements in the disclosed films eliminate the need for switching treatments or applying / replacing films, making the solution more practical and user-friendly.

[0096] The effectiveness of past spectacle designs is gauged through randomized controlled clinical trials that last from 6 months to 3 years. These designs have shown an effectiveness of 10% to 50% compared to single-vision lenses. A basic model of emmetropization suggests that the strength of a stop signal builds up over time, based on total exposure rather than its distribution over time. Most clinical trials have observed that the slowing effect on progression primarily occurs as an initial burst inthe first 6 to 12 months and then appears to decrease. This implies that there might be a delay before the stop signal builds up, followed by saturation and possibly a decrease in effectiveness. There is a need for spectacle lenses that reduce or avoid this saturation effect by providing a stop signal that varies in time and space to slow down myopia progression. This could be achieved, for example, by a specific arrangement of the optical elements with an optical film used in conjunction with a single-vision spectacle lens and a prescribed method of use or care regimen that involves deliberate eye movements made by the wearer while wearing the spectacles. This eliminates the need for wearing multiple pairs of spectacles as disclosed in WO 2021 / 056058 and WO 2021 / 159168 to create a change in stimulus, addressing the need for simpler and cost-effective optical interventions that can achieve significantly greater and / or consistently effective results over time in reducing or slowing myopia progression without significantly compromising visual performance. The consistent effectiveness over time could be considered to last at least 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 or 60 months in one or more examples.

[0097] This section will detail the current disclosure, referencing one or more embodiments, some of which are illustrated and supported by accompanying figures. These examples and embodiments are explanatory and should not be seen as limiting the scope of the disclosure. The description provided relates to several embodiments that may share common characteristics and features of the disclosure. Features from one embodiment can be combined with features from other embodiments, creating additional embodiments. The functional and structural information disclosed here should not be seen as limiting, but rather as a guide for those skilled in the art to use the disclosed embodiments and their variations.

[0098] In this section, the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to one or more embodiments, some are illustrated and supported by accompanying figures. The examples and embodiments are provided by way of explanation and are not to be construed as limiting to the scope of the disclosure.

[0099] The following description is provided in relation to several embodiments that may share common characteristics and features of the disclosure. It is to be understood that one or more features of one embodiment may be combined with oneor more features of any other embodiments which may constitute additional embodiments.

[0100] The functional and structural information disclosed herein is not to be interpreted as limiting in any way and should be construed merely as a representative basis for teaching a person skilled in the art to employ the disclosed embodiments and variations of those embodiments in various ways.

[0101] Figure 1 illustrates the power distribution (power map) of a spectacle lens example (100) as previously disclosed in WO / 2021 / 056058 wherein the optic zone (102) of the spectacle lens with its optic center (101 ) is configured with an optical film with optical elements (103a-c). The power of the optic zone of the spectacle lens is -1.50 DS.

[0102] Further, Figure 1 illustrates the absolute power of the optical element, i.e., the combined power of optic zone of the spectacle lens and individual optical element, as a function of diameter of the optical element (103a) for four representative sample meridians 0°, 45°, 90° and 135° (104) and its corresponding power profiles as a function of azimuth for four representative sample radial positions R1 , R2, R3 and R4 (105)) with radial distances of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mm, respectively.

[0103] The optical element (103a), as shown in Figure 1 has an azimuthally varying and meridionally non-varying power distribution. The absolute power of the optical element is -1 .5 DS / +2.25 DC.

[0104] Figure 2 illustrates the power distribution (power map) of a spectacle lens example (200) as previously disclosed in WO / 2021 / 159168 wherein the optic zone (202) of the spectacle lens with its optic center (201 ) is configured with an optical film with optical elements, such as 203a. The power of the optic zone of the spectacle lens is -2 DS.

[0105] Further, Figure 2 illustrates the absolute power of the optical element, i.e., the combined power of optic zone and optical element, as a function of diameter of the optical element (203a) for four representative sample meridians 0°, 45°, 90° and 135° (204) and its corresponding power profiles as a function of azimuth for fourrepresentative sample radial positions R1 , R2, R3 and R4 (205) with radial distances of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mm, respectively.

[0106] The optical element (203a), as shown in Figure 2 has an azimuthally and meridionally varying power distributions. The absolute power of the optical element is -1 .5 DS with a Delta power of +2.25 D.

[0107] Figure 3 illustrates the top and cross-sectional view of an optical element (300) of the current disclosure, which resembles a circular donut plus power ring. The optical element (300) is configured of a central zone (301 ) with substantially piano power (302) and a peripheral ring (303) with substantially positive power (304) that is not azimuthally (305) or meridionally (306) varying. In other embodiments of this disclosure, the peripheral ring (303) may have substantially negative power or have a profile that is truncated or depressed, i.e., not piano in the central zone (301 ). In another embodiment of this disclosure, the peripheral ring (303) with substantially positive (304) or negative power may have a power distribution that is azimuthally (305) or meridionally (306) varying.

[0108] Figure 4 illustrates the top and cross-sectional views of an optical element (400) of the current disclosure, which resembles an elliptical donut plus power ring. The optical element (400) is configured of a central zone (401 ) with substantially piano power (402 and 403) and an elliptical peripheral ring (404) with substantially positive power (405 and 406) that varies along the azimuth (407) but not across any meridian (e.g., 408). In other embodiments of this disclosure, the elliptical peripheral ring (404) may have substantially negative power or the optical element (400) may have a profile that is truncated or depressed, i.e., not piano in the central zone (401 ). Examples of such a truncated or depressed elliptical optical elements are shown in Figures 5 and 6, respectively.

[0109] Figure 5 illustrates the top and cross-sectional views of an optical element (500) of the current disclosure, which resembles a truncated elliptical optical element. The optical element (500) is configured of a central zone (501 ) with substantially piano power (502 and 503) and an elliptical peripheral zone (504) with substantially positive power (505 and 506) that varies along the azimuth (507) but not across any meridian (e.g., 508). In other embodiments of this disclosure, the truncatedoptical element may be non-elliptical, i.e. , it could feature a non-circular shape such as disclosed in optical elements of WO 2021 / 159168. In other embodiments of this disclosure, the elliptical peripheral zone (504) may have substantially negative power. In another embodiment of this disclosure, the elliptical peripheral zone (504) with substantially positive (505 and 506) or negative power may have a power distribution that is azimuthally (507) or meridionally (508) varying.

[0110] Figure 6 illustrates the top and cross-sectional views of an optical element (600) of the current disclosure, which resembles a plus / minus powered optical element or an optical element with depression. The optical element (600) is configured of a depressed central zone (601 ) with substantially negative power (602 and 603) and a peripheral zone (604) with substantially positive power (605 and 606) that varies along the azimuth (607) but not across any meridian (e.g., 608). The shape of the optical element and its depression may be elliptical or non-elliptical. In other embodiments of this disclosure, the optical element could feature a non-circular shape such as disclosed in optical elements of WO 2021 / 159168. In another embodiment of this disclosure, the elliptical peripheral zone (604) with substantially positive (605 and 606) or negative power may have a power distribution that is azimuthally (607) or meridionally (608) varying.

[0111] Figure 7 illustrates a 2D (701 ) and a 3D (702) power map of an optical element (700) of the previous disclosure WO / 2021 / 159168 with an azimuthally and meridionally varying power distribution (also shown in Figure 2, 203), wherein the power distribution varies in the centre of the optical element (703), i.e., it has a central power jump (704).

[0112] Figure 8 illustrates a 2D (801 ) and a 3D (802) power map of an optical element (800) of the current disclosure with an azimuthally and meridionally varying power distribution, wherein the power distribution does not vary in the centre of the optical element (803), i.e., it has no central power jump (804) as the power in the centre for each half-meridian is the same. This results in a power map that represents a flat tilted disc. The advantage of this power map is that it can be implemented on an optical film without having thickness jumps around the perimeter of the optical element (800). The shape of the optical element is defined by the varying power distribution, i.e., non-circular.

[0113] Figure 9 illustrates a 2D (901 ) and a 3D (902) power map of an optical element (900) of the current disclosure with an azimuthally and meridionally varying power distribution, wherein the power distribution does not vary in the centre of the optical element (903). The power map has further been optimised by manipulating the cosine function between the meridians and thus adding asphericity along each half meridian. This results in a power map (902) without central power jump (904) that represents a flat tilted disc with an additional -0.13 asphericity. The advantage of this power map is that it can be implemented on an optical film without having thickness jumps around the perimeter of the optical element (900). The shape of the optical element is defined by the varying power distribution. In other embodiments of this disclosure, the asphericity may be between -0.05 and -0.20, -0.05 and -0.30, -0.15 and -0.40.

[0114] Figure 10 illustrates the schematic diagram of an optical film embodiment (1000) of the current disclosure (not to scale), wherein the centre of the optical film is applied to the optical centre of a standard single vision spectacle lens. The optical film (1000) of the current disclosure comprises of a central distance zone (1002) with substantially piano power and a peripheral treatment zone (1003) with 15 randomly arranged optical elements (1004) surrounded by substantially piano power. The location of the optical element (1004a) within the peripheral treatment zone is defined by the distance (1006) between the center of the optical film (1001 ) and the optical center of the optical element (1005), and the azimuthal angle 1007. Further, the orientation of the optical element (1004a) is described by the radial spoke with the steepest curvature (1041 ), which is located at the azimuthal angle 1042. The radial spoke with the steepest curvature (1041 ) is also the shortest radial spoke of the optical element. The optical elements (1004) in the optical film (1000) of the current disclosure may be one or more of the optical elements from the previous disclosures WO / 2021 / 056058 and WO / 2021 / 159168 and / or one or more optical elements of the current disclosure as described in Figures 3 to 6, 8 and 9.

[0115] Figure 11 illustrates a schematic diagram of an optical film embodiment (1100) of the current disclosure (not to scale) which is configured to a standard single vision spectacle lens to transform the standard single vision spectacle lens into a myopia management spectacle lens. The optic zone of the optical film (1100) isconfigured of a central distance zone (1101 ) with substantially piano power, an optical film center (1102) and one peripheral treatment zone (1103). The centre of the optical film (1102), when applied to the standard single vision spectacle lens, is aligned with the optical centre of the standard single vision spectacle lens. The peripheral treatment zone (1103) is configured with at least two optical elements, wherein the at least two optical elements comprise either optical elements of the previous disclosures WO / 2021 / 056058 (1111 (Figure 1 )) and WO / 2021 / 159168 (1108 (Figure 2 and 7)) and / or optical elements of the current disclosure (1104 (Figure 3), 1105 (Figure 4), 1106 (Figure 5), 1107 (Figure 6), 1109 (Figure 8), 1110 (Figure 9)) as also described in Figures 3 to 6, 8 and 9. The optical elements in the peripheral treatment zone (1103) of the optical film (1100) are surrounded by substantially piano power and may vary in type, size, delta power, location, number, arrangement and orientation. The indicated power of the optical element (1104 to 1111 ) refers to the power of the optical element and not the combined power of the standard single vision spectacle lens and the optical element. The orientation of optical elements with azimuthally varying power distributions is defined by at least one of radial spokes or one meridian (1105a, 1106a, 1107a, 1108a, 1109a, 11 10a, 1111 a). The orientation of the optical elements varies randomly or quasi-randomly or pseudo-random ly within the peripheral treatment zone (1103) to create dynamic irregular directional cues or a spatio-temporal optical signal eye movements which may occur naturally or as instructed in the prescribed method of use. The delta power of the optical elements may be at least 1 D, 1 .5 D, 2 D, 2.5 D, 3 D, 3.5 D, 4 D, 5 D, 6 D. The size of the optical element, as defined by the shortest radial spoke, is at least 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm and 1 mm. The type, size, delta power, location, number, arrangement and orientation of the optical elements in the optical film (1100) may be randomised and optimised in such a way that it not only provides an increase in the spatio-temporal optical signal during eye movements but also acceptable monocular and / or binocular visual performance when compared to current myopia management spectacles.

[0116] Figure 12 illustrates a schematic diagram of an optical film embodiment (1200) of the current disclosure (not to scale), which is configured to a standard single vision spectacle lens to transform the standard single vision spectacle lens into a myopia management spectacle lens. The optic zone of the optical film (1200) is configured of a central distance zone (1201 ) with substantially piano power, an opticalfilm center (1202) and one peripheral treatment zone (1203). The centre of the optical film (1202), when applied to the standard single vision spectacle lens, is aligned with the optical centre of the standard single vision spectacle lens. The peripheral treatment zone (1203) is configured with at least two optical elements (e.g., 1204-1211 ), wherein the at least two optical elements of the central distance zone (1201 ) and the peripheral treatment zone (1203) comprise of optical elements of the previous disclosures WO / 2021 / 056058 (1211 (Figure 1 )) and WO / 2021 / 159168 (1208 (Figure 2 and 7)) and / or optical elements of the current disclosure (1204 (Figure 3), 1205 (Figure 4), 1206 (Figure 5), 1207 (Figure 6), 1209 (Figure 8), 1210 (Figure 9)) as also described in Figures 3 to 6, 8 and 9. The optical elements in the central distance zone (1201 ) and the peripheral treatment zone (1203) of the optical film (1200) are surrounded by substantially piano power and may vary in type, size, delta power, location, number and orientation. The indicated power of the optical element (1204 to 1211 ) refers to the power of the optical element and not the combined power of the standard single vision spectacle lens and the optical element. The orientation of optical elements with azimuthally varying power distributions is defined by at least one of radial spokes or one meridian (1205, 1206a, 1207a, 1208a, 1209a, 1210a, 1211a). The orientation of the optical elements varies quasi-randomly within the peripheral treatment zone (1203) to create dynamic irregular directional cues or the spatio-temporal optical signal during eye movements that occur naturally or as instructed in the prescribed method of use. The delta power of the optical elements may be at least 1 D, 1.5 D, 2 D, 2.5 D, 3 D, 3.5 D, 4 D, 5 D, 6 D. The size of the optical element, as defined by the shortest radial spoke, is at least 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm and 1 mm. The type, size, delta power, location, number and orientation of the optical elements in the optical film (1200) may be randomised and optimised in such a way that it not only provides an increase in the spatio-temporal optical signal during eye movements but also acceptable monocular or binocular visual performance when compared to current myopia management spectacles.

[0117] Figure 13 illustrates the schematic diagram of an optical film embodiment (1300) of the current disclosure (not to scale), which is configured to a standard single vision spectacle lens to transform the standard single vision spectacle lens into a myopia management spectacle lens. The optic zone is configured of a central distance zone (1301 ) and an upper (1304a) and lower (1304b) peripheraldistance zone with substantially piano power, an optical film center (1302), and one horizontal peripheral treatment zone (1303). The centre of the optical film (1302), when applied to the standard single vision spectacle lens, is aligned with the optical centre of the standard single vision spectacle lens. The horizontal peripheral treatment zone (1303) comprises of optical elements of the previous disclosures WO / 2021 / 056058 (Figure 1 ) and / or WO / 2021 / 159168 (Figure 2 and 7) and / or optical elements of the current disclosure as also described in Figures 3 to 6, 8 and 9, which are shown in the optical film (1300) as donut-shaped like optical elements (1305) (as described in Figure 3), and other small (1306) and / or large (1307) optical elements with azimuthally varying power distributions of the previous and current disclosures as described in Figures 1 , 2, 4 to 9. The optical elements (1305, 1306, 1307) are arranged randomly within the horizontal peripheral treatment zone (1303), with the superior and inferior parts of the optical film being substantially devoid of optical elements. The optical elements (1305, 1306, 1307) in the horizontal peripheral treatment zone (1303) of the optical film (1300) are surrounded by substantially piano power and may vary in type, size, delta power, location, number, arrangement and orientation. The orientation of optical elements with azimuthally varying power distributions is defined by at least one of radial spokes or one meridian (1306a, 1307a). The orientation of the optical elements varies randomly, quasi-randomly or pseudo-random ly within the peripheral treatment zone (1303) to create dynamic irregular directional cues or the spatiotemporal optical signal during naturally occurring eye movements or as instructed in the prescribed method of use. The delta power of the optical elements may be at least 1 D, 1.5 D, 2 D, 2.5 D, 3 D, 3.5 D, 4 D, 5 D, 6 D. The size of the optical element, as defined by the shortest radial spoke, is at least 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm and 1 mm. The type, size, delta power, location, number and orientation of the optical elements in the optical film (1300) may be randomised and optimised in such a way that it not only provides an increase in the spatio-temporal optical signal during eye movements but also acceptable monocular and / or binocular visual performance when compared to current myopia management spectacles. This configuration of having the optical elements (1305, 1306 and 1307) located in the horizontal peripheral treatment zone may be advantageous to not only provide the spatio-temporal optical signal during horizontal eye movements but also to provide overall improved visual performance through the superior and inferior optical film areas that are devoid of optical elements. In other embodiments of this disclosure, thesuperior and inferior parts of the optical film may also contain optical elements (1305, 1306 and 1307), but in lower numbers, delta powers, or size. In other embodiments of this disclosure, the peripheral treatment zone may be located superior-temporally to inferior-nasally. In other embodiments of this disclosure, the peripheral treatment zone may be located inferior-temporally to superior-nasally. In other embodiments of this disclosure the size of the optical elements may be the substantially the same, or substantially different.

[0118] Figure 14 illustrates the schematic diagram an optical film embodiment (1400) of the current disclosure (not to scale), which is configured to a standard single vision spectacle lens to transform the standard single vision spectacle lens into a myopia management spectacle lens. The optic zone is configured of a central distance zone (1401 ) with substantially piano power, an optical film center (1402), a superior peripheral treatment zone (1403) and an inferior peripheral treatment zone (1404). The centre of the optical film (1402), when applied to the standard single vision spectacle lens, is aligned with the optical centre of the standard single vision spectacle lens. The superior and inferior peripheral treatment zones (1403 and 1404) comprise of optical elements of the previous disclosures WO / 2021 / 056058 (Figure 1 ) and / or WO / 2021 / 159168 (Figure 2 and 7) and / or optical elements of the current disclosure as also described in Figures 3 to 6, 8 and 9, which are shown in the optical film (1400) as donut-shaped like optical elements (1405 and 1406) (as described in Figure 3), and other small (1407) and / or large (1408) optical elements with azimuthally varying power distributions of the previous and current disclosures as described in Figures 1 , 2, 4 to 9. The optical elements (1405, 1406, 1407, 1408) are arranged randomly within the superior and inferior peripheral treatment zones (1403 and 1404). The optical elements (1405, 1406, 1407, 1408) in the superior and inferior peripheral treatment zones (1403 and 1404) of the optical film (1400) are surrounded by substantially piano power. The optical elements (1405 and 1407) in the superior peripheral treatment zone (1403) are smaller than the optical elements (1406 and 1408) in the inferior peripheral treatment zone (1404). In the superior peripheral treatment zone (1403) the size of the optical elements (1405 and 1407) as defined by the shortest radial spoke is at least 0.8 and smaller than the optical elements (1406 and 1408) in the inferior peripheral treatment zone (1404). In the inferior peripheral treatment zone (1404) the size of the optical elements (1408 and 1406) as defined by the shortest radial spoke is at least 1mm and larger than the optical elements (1405 and 1407) in the superior peripheral treatment zone. The optical elements may further vary in type, delta power, location, number, arrangement and orientation. The orientation of optical elements with azimuthally varying power distributions is defined by at least one of radial spokes or one meridian (1407a, 1408a). The orientation of the optical elements varies randomly, quasi-randomly or pseudo-randomly within the superior and inferior peripheral treatment zones (1403 and 1404) to create the spatio-temporal optical signal during eye movements that occur naturally or as instructed in the prescribed method of use. The delta power of the optical elements may be at least 1 D, 1.5 D, 2 D, 2.5 D, 3 D, 3.5 D, 4 D, 5 D, 6 D. The size of the optical element, as defined by the shortest radial spoke, is at least 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm and 1 mm. The type, size, delta power, location, number and orientation of the optical elements in the optical film (1400) may be randomised and optimised in such a way that it not only provides an increase in the dynamic irregular directional cues or the spatio-temporal optical signal during naturally occurring and / or instructed eye movements but also acceptable monocular and / or binocular visual performance when compared to current myopia management spectacles. This configuration of having the smaller optical elements (1405 and 1407) located in the superior peripheral treatment zone and the larger optical elements (1406 and 1408) in the inferior peripheral treatment zone may be advantageous to not only provide the spatio-temporal optical signal during eye movements but also to provide improved visual performance for distance vision and / or near vision. In other embodiments of this disclosure, the optical elements may be larger in the superior peripheral treatment zone and smaller in the inferior peripheral treatment zone. In some other examples, the peripheral treatment zone may be divided into other areas, e.g., quadrants, wherein the size, type, delta power, orientation, arrangement and number of optical elements may be substantially different between the different areas within the peripheral treatment zone.

[0119] Figure 15 illustrates the schematic diagram of an optical film embodiment (1500) of the current disclosure (not to scale), which is configured to a standard single vision spectacle lens to transform the standard single vision spectacle lens into a myopia management spectacle lens. The optic zone is configured of a central distance zone (1501 ) with substantially piano power, an optical film center (1502) and three annular-like peripheral treatment zones (1503a, 1503b, 1503c). Thecentre of the optical film (1502), when applied to the standard single vision spectacle lens, is aligned with the optical centre of the standard single vision spectacle lens. The three annular-like peripheral treatment zones (1503a, 1503b, 1503c) comprise of optical elements of the previous disclosures WO / 2021 / 056058 (Figure 1 ) and / or WO / 2021 / 159168 (Figure 2 and 7) and / or optical elements of the current disclosure as also described in Figures 3 to 6, 8 and 9, which are shown in the optical film (1500) as donut-shaped like optical elements (1504) (as described in Figure 3), and / or other small (1506) and / or large (1505) optical elements with azimuthally varying power distributions of the previous and current disclosures as described in Figures 1 , 2, 4 to 9. The optical elements (1504, 1505, 1506) are arranged randomly within the three annular-like peripheral treatment zones (1503a, 1503b, 1503c). The optical elements (1504, 1505, 1506) in the three annular-like peripheral treatment zones (1503a, 1503b, 1503c) of the optical film (1500) are surrounded by substantially piano power. The optical elements in the three annular-like peripheral treatment zones (1503a, 1503b, 1503c) may further vary in type, delta power, size, location, number, arrangement and orientation. For example, the optical elements (1504, 1505, 1506) in the first annularlike peripheral treatment zone (1503a) may be higher or lower in Delta power than in the second annular-like peripheral treatment zone (1503b), and those in turn might be higher or have a lower Delta power than the optical elements (1504, 1505, 1506) in the third annular-like peripheral treatment zone (1503c). The orientation of optical elements with azimuthally varying power distributions is defined by at least one of radial spokes or one meridian (1505a, 1506a). The orientation of the optical elements varies randomly within the three annular-like peripheral treatment zones (1503a, 1503b, 1503c) to create dynamic irregular directional cues or the spatio-temporal optical signal during eye movements that occur naturally or as instructed in the prescribed method of use. The delta power of the optical elements may be at least 1 D, 1.5 D, 2 D, 2.5 D, 3 D, 3.5 D, 4 D, 5 D, 6 D. The size of the optical element, as defined by the shortest radial spoke, is at least 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm and 1 mm. The type, size, delta power, location, number, arrangement and orientation of the optical elements in the optical film (1500) may be randomised and optimised in such a way that it not only provides an increase in the spatio-temporal optical signal during eye movements but also acceptable monocular and / or binocular visual performance when compared to current myopia management spectacles. This configuration of having the optical elements (1504, 1505 and 1506) arranged on threeannular-like peripheral treatment zones (1503a, 1503b, 1503c) may be advantageous to not only provide the spatio-temporal optical signal during eye movements but also to provide improved visual performance for different peripheral visual field angles. In some embodiments, the type of optical elements in the three annular-like peripheral treatment zones (1503a, 1503b, 1503c) may be different between the three zones and / or have different delta power, size, location, number, arrangement, and orientation. In some other embodiments, the type of optical elements in the three annular-like peripheral treatment zones (1503a, 1503b, 1503c) may be the same between the three zones but vary in delta power, size, location, number, arrangement and orientation.

[0120] Figure 16 illustrates an exemplary schematic diagram of two myopia management spectacle pairs (1600 and 1610) which are configured with two optical film pair embodiments (1606 / 1607 and 1616 / 1617) of the current disclosure, configured with optical elements of the previous disclosures WO / 2021 / 056058 and WO / 2021 / 159168 and / or optical elements of the current disclosure as described in Figures 1 to 9. Figure 16 illustrates the schematic diagram of the right (1606) and left (1607) optical film embodiment when adhered to the right (1602) and left (1603) lenses for the first myopia management spectacle pair (1600) as well as the right (1616) and left (1617) optical film embodiment when adhered to the right (1612) and left (1613) lenses for the second myopia management spectacle pair (1610). The optical film centres (1604, 1605, 1614, 1615) are aligned to the optical centres of the standard single vision spectacle lenses. The design of all four optical films (1606, 1607, 1616 and 1617) is configured as described in Figure 11 , however the distribution and / or number and / or size and / or Delta power of the optical elements (e.g., 1608) for the right optical film (1606) is different to the optical elements (e.g., 1609) in the left optical film (1607). In this example, the distribution and / or number and / or size and / or Delta power of the optical elements in the right optical film (1606) is larger / increased for the first myopia management spectacle pair (1600) when compared to the optical elements (e.g., 1609) in the left optical film (1607). Conversely, this configuration is reversed for the right (1616) and left (1617) optical films of the second myopia management spectacle pair (1610). Utilising two pairs of myopia management spectacle pairs with optical films, wherein the right and left optical films are different in their design will allow that at least one eye remains adequate visual performance, while the other eyereceives an increased treatment effect. In this case, using two pairs may have advantages for some wearers when compared to not swapping the optical films. To provide dynamic irregular directional cues during naturally occurring and / or instructed eye movements as well as a right-left balance in visual performance over time, the wearer is instructed to swap frequently between the two myopia management spectacle pairs (1600 and 1610). In other embodiments of the current disclosure, the optical film design may be as described in Figures 12 to 15.

[0121] Figure 17 illustrates an exemplary schematic diagram of two myopia management spectacle pairs (1700 and 1710) which are configured with two optical film pair embodiments (1706 / 1707 and 1716 / 1717) of the current disclosure, configured with optical elements of the previous disclosures WO / 2021 / 056058 and WO / 2021 / 159168 and / or optical elements of the current disclosure as described in Figures 1 to 9. Figure 17 illustrates the schematic diagram of the right (1706) and left (1707) optical film embodiment when adhered to the right (1702) and left (1703) lenses for the first myopia management spectacle pair (1700) as well as the right (1716) and left (1717) optical film embodiment when adhered to the right (1712) and left (1713) lenses for the second myopia management spectacle pair (1710). The optical film centres (1704, 1705, 1714, 1715) are aligned to the optical centres of the standard single vision spectacle lenses. The design of all four optical films (1706, 1707, 1716 and 1717) is configured as described in Figure 11 , however the distribution and / or number and / or size and / or Delta power of the optical elements (e.g., 1708) for the first myopia management spectacle pair (1700) is different to the optical elements (e.g., 1718) in the second myopia management spectacle pair (1710). In this example, the distribution and / or number and / or size and / or Delta power of the optical elements in the first myopia management spectacle pair (1700) is larger / increased when compared to the optical elements (e.g., 1718) in the second myopia management spectacle pair (1710). Utilising two pairs of myopia management spectacle pairs with optical films, wherein the optical films are different between the two myopia management spectacle pairs will allow to provide adequate binocular visual performance for different viewing distances and / or viewing requirements. In other embodiments of the current disclosure, the optical film design may be as described in Figures 12 to 15.

[0122] Figure 18 illustrates an exemplary schematic diagram of two myopia management spectacle pairs (1800 and 1810) which are configured with two optical film pair embodiments (1806 / 1807 and 1816 / 1717) of the current disclosure, configured with optical elements of the previous disclosures WO / 2021 / 056058 and WO / 2021 / 159168 as well as optical elements of the current disclosure as described in Figures 3 to 9. Figure 18 illustrates the schematic diagram of the right (1806) and left (1807) optical film embodiment when adhered to the right (1802) and left (1803) lenses for the first myopia management spectacle pair (1800) as well as the right (1816) and left (1817) optical film embodiment when adhered to the right (1812) and left (1813) lenses for the second myopia management spectacle pair (1810). The optical film centres (1804, 1805, 1814, 1815) are aligned to the optical centres of the standard single vision spectacle lenses. The design of all four optical films (1806, 1807, 1816 and 1817) is configured in such a way that the arrangement of the optical elements is not along the horizontal peripheral portion of the optical film (i.e., as shown in Figure 13), but the optical elements are arranged either along the superior-temporal to inferior-nasal peripheral portion of the optical film (1806, 1817) or the superior-nasal to inferior-temporal peripheral portion of the optical film (1816, 1807). In this example, the distribution and / or number and / or size and / or Delta power of the optical elements in the first myopia management spectacle pair (1801 ) is substantially similar when compared to the optical elements (e.g., 1818) in the second myopia management spectacle pair (1810). In other exemplary embodiments, the distribution and / or number and / or size and / or Delta power of the optical elements in the first myopia management spectacle pair (1801 ) may be substantially different when compared to the optical elements (e.g., 1818) in the second myopia management spectacle pair (1810). In further embodiments, the arrangement of the optical elements may be in a different peripheral portion of the optical film for the right and left lenses or include the central distance zone. Utilising two pairs of myopia management spectacle pairs with optical films wherein the optical elements are arranged non-rotationally within the peripheral treatment zone and differently between the optical film pairs of the two myopia management spectacle pairs provides not only the dynamic irregular directional cues during naturally occurring and / or instructed eye movements but also provides an additional spatio-temporal signal when the spectacles are swapped. A person skilled in the art may appreciate that features of one embodiment of the present invention may be used in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0123] Figure 19 illustrates a schematic diagram of a spectacle lens blank embodiment (1900) of the current disclosure (not to scale), which is configured with optical elements to transform the standard single vision spectacle lens into a myopia management spectacle lens. The optic zone of the spectacle lens blank (1900) is configured of a central distance zone (1901 ) with the base prescription, an optical center (1902) and one peripheral treatment zone (1903). The peripheral treatment zone (1903) is configured with at least two optical elements (e.g., 1904-1911 ), wherein the at least two optical elements of the central distance zone (1901 ) and the peripheral treatment zone (1903) comprise of optical elements of the previous disclosures WO / 2021 / 056058 (1911 (Figure 1 )) and WO / 2021 / 159168 (1908 (Figure 2 and 7)) and / or optical elements of the current disclosure (1904 (Figure 3), 1905 (Figure 4), 1906 (Figure 5), 1907 (Figure 6), 1909 (Figure 8), 1910 (Figure 9)) as also described in Figures 3 to 6, 8 and 9. The optical elements in the central distance zone (1901 ) and the peripheral treatment zone (1903) of the spectacle lens blank (1900) may vary in type, size, delta power, location, number and orientation. The indicated power of the optical element (1904 to 1911 ) refers to the power of the optical element and not the combined power of the spectacle lens blank and the optical element. The orientation of optical elements with azimuthally varying power distributions is defined by at least one of radial spokes or one meridian (1905, 1906a, 1907a, 1908a, 1909a, 1910a, 1911 a). The orientation of the optical elements varies quasi-randomly within the peripheral treatment zone (1903) to create dynamic irregular directional cues or the spatio-temporal optical signal during eye movements that occur naturally or as instructed in the prescribed method of use. The delta power of the optical elements may be at least 1 D, 1 .5 D, 2 D, 2.5 D, 3 D, 3.5 D, 4 D, 5 D, 6 D. The size of the optical element, as defined by the shortest radial spoke, is at least 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm and 1 mm. The type, size, delta power, location, number and orientation of the optical elements in the spectacle lens blank (1900) may be randomised and optimised in such a way that it not only provides an increase in the spatio-temporal optical signal during eye movements but also acceptable monocular or binocular visual performance when compared to current myopia management spectacles.

[0124] Figure 20 illustrates the schematic diagram of a spectacle lens blank embodiment (2000) of the current disclosure (not to scale), which is configured withoptical elements to transform the standard single vision spectacle lens into a myopia management spectacle lens. The optic zone of the spectacle lens blank (2000) is configured of a central distance zone (2001 ) with the base prescription and three annular-like peripheral treatment zones (2003a, 2003b, 2003c). The three annular-like peripheral treatment zones (2003a, 2003b, 2003c) comprise of optical elements of the previous disclosures WO / 2021 / 056058 (Figure 1 ) and / or WO / 2021 / 159168 (Figure 2 and 7) and / or optical elements of the current disclosure as also described in Figures 3 to 6, 8 and 9, which are shown in the spectacle lens blank (2000) as donut-shaped like optical elements (2004) (as described in Figure 3), and / or other small (2006) and / or large (2005) optical elements with azimuthally varying power distributions of the previous and current disclosures as described in Figures 1 , 2, 4 to 9. The optical elements (2004, 2005, 2006) are arranged randomly within the three annular-like peripheral treatment zones (2003a, 2003b, 2003c). The optical elements (2004, 2005, 2006) in the three annular-like peripheral treatment zones (2003a, 2003b, 2003c) of the spectacle lens blank (2000) are surrounded by base prescription of the spectacle lens blank (2000). The optical elements in the three annular-like peripheral treatment zones (2003a, 2003b, 2003c) may further vary in type, delta power, size, location, number, arrangement and orientation. For example, the optical elements (2004, 2005, 2006) in the first annular-like peripheral treatment zone (2003a) may be higher or lower in Delta power than in the second annular-like peripheral treatment zone (2003b), and those in turn might be higher or have a lower Delta power than the optical elements (2004, 2005, 2006) in the third annular-like peripheral treatment zone (2003c). The orientation of optical elements with azimuthally varying power distributions is defined by at least one of radial spokes or one meridian (2005a, 2006a). The orientation of the optical elements varies randomly within the three annular-like peripheral treatment zones (2003a, 2003b, 2003c) to create dynamic irregular directional cues or the spatio-temporal optical signal during eye movements that occur naturally or as instructed in the prescribed method of use. The delta power of the optical elements may be at least 1 D, 1 .5 D, 2 D, 2.5 D, 3 D, 3.5 D, 4 D, 5 D, 6 D. The size of the optical element, as defined by the shortest radial spoke, is at least 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm and 1 mm. The type, size, delta power, location, number, arrangement and orientation of the optical elements in the spectacle lens blank (2000) may be randomised and optimised in such a way that it not only provides an increase in the spatio-temporal optical signal during eye movements but also acceptablemonocular and / or binocular visual performance when compared to current myopia management spectacles. This configuration of having the optical elements (2004, 2005 and 2006) arranged on three annular-like peripheral treatment zones (2003a, 2003b, 2003c) may be advantageous to not only provide the spatio-temporal optical signal during eye movements but also to provide improved visual performance for different peripheral visual field angles. In some embodiments, the type of optical elements in the three annular-like peripheral treatment zones (2003a, 2003b, 2003c) may be different between the three zones and / or have different delta power, size, location, number, arrangement, and orientation. In some other embodiments, the type of optical elements in the three annular-like peripheral treatment zones (2003a, 2003b, 2003c) may be the same between the three zones but vary in delta power, size, location, number, arrangement and orientation.

[0125] In certain other embodiments of the present disclosure, optical films are provided such that the desired optical features are configured to offer a temporally and spatially varying stop signal to the wearer when used under a prescribed method that involves specific eye movements to be made by the wearer at certain intervals, directions and magnitudes.

[0126] In certain other embodiments of the present disclosure, the type, size, delta power, location, number, arrangement, orientation and randomness of the optical elements in the at least one pair of optical films is optimised to provide dynamic irregular directional cues to myopic or pre-myopic eyes with exophoria or esophoria.

[0127] In certain other embodiments of the present disclosure, the type, size, delta power, location, number, arrangement, orientation and randomness of the optical elements in the right and left optical films of the at least one pair of optical films is optimised to provide dynamic irregular directional cues that are different between the dominant eye and the non-dominant eye of a myopic or a pre-myopic individual.

[0128] Figure 21 illustrates examples of patterns of eye movements to be performed when the optical film embodiment of the current disclosure is applied to the standard single vision spectacle lenses and is worn according to the prescribed instructions.

[0129] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, specific eye movements are prescribed to provide temporally and spatially varying optical stop signals. To assist with the eye movements, a target pattern may be displayed on a monitor or a TV screen or a handheld device or a wall via a projector, which is placed at an appropriate distance, wherein the to be viewed target is highlighted, e.g., via a moving or jumping symbol. Having the symbols presented in a certain pattern, e.g., on a monitor, has the additional advantage that the timing of each gaze direction can follow a prescribed duration and sequence.

[0130] The prescribed specific eye movements may include, but are not limited to Horizontal Eye Rolls (2101 ), which involve the wearer moving their eyes from side to side, first to the right and then to the left; wherein this movement can be repeated several times, for example, at least 3, at least 6, at least 9, or at least 12 times every hour, day, week or month; Vertical Eye Rolls (2102), which involves the wearer moving their eyes up and down.; wherein the wearer starts by looking up and then slowly moves their eyes down. Wherein this movement can be repeated several times, for example, at least 3, at least 6, at least 9, or at least 12 times every hour, day, week, or month; Diagonal Eye Rolls (2103), which involves the wearer moving their eyes diagonally; wherein the wearer starts by looking at the top left corner and then slowly moves their eyes to the bottom right corner; wherein this movement can be repeated, and then the same can be done for the top right and bottom left corners, for example, at least 3, at least 6, at least 9, or at least 12 times every hour, day, week, or month; Figure Eight Eye Rolls (2104), which involves the wearer moving their eyes in a figure eight pattern; wherein the wearer imagines a horizontal figure eight in front of them or is holding a chart or a display with the figure eight in front of them and traces this shape with their eyes; which can be done in both directions, for example, at least 3, at least 6, at least 9, or at least 12 times every hour, day, week, or month; Randomized Eye Rolls (2105), which involves the wearer moving their eyes randomly in all directions; wherein the randomness can help stimulate different parts of the retina as the wearer is not following a set pattern. In some examples, these eye movements can provide a temporally and spatially varying optical stop signal on the central and / or peripheral retina, thereby slowing myopia progression or preventing or delaying the onset of myopia while ensuring acceptable binocular vision. Thus, the invention represents an advancement in providing a more practical and effective solution for myopiamanagement; Zigzag Eye Movements (2106), which involves the wearer moving their eyes in a zigzag pattern, first from the top left to the bottom right, then from the bottom left to the top right. This movement can be reversed or repeated several times, for example, at least 3, at least 6, at least 9, or at least 12 times every hour, day, week, or month; Square Eye Movements (2107), which involves the wearer moving their eyes in a square pattern; wherein the wearer starts by looking at the top left corner, moves their eyes to the top right corner, then to the bottom right corner, and finally to the bottom left corner before returning to the starting position, this movement can be reversed or repeated several times, for example, at least 3, at least 6, at least 9, or at least 12 times every hour, day, week, or month; Cross Eye Movements (2108), which involves the wearer moving their eyes in a cross pattern; wherein the wearer starts by looking at the top center, moves their eyes to the bottom center, then to the left center, and finally to the right center before returning to the starting position, this movement can be reversed or repeated several times, for example, at least 3, at least 6, at least 9, or at least 12 times every hour, day, week, or month; Spiral Eye Movements (2109), which involves the wearer moving their eyes in a spiral pattern, starting from the centre and gradually moving outwards in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction; Random Directional Eye Movements: wherein it involves the wearer moving their eyes in random directions at varying speeds. This could potentially stimulate different parts of the retina as the wearer is not following a set pattern. Combination Eye Movements (2110): wherein the wearer moves their eyes using a combination of different eye movements, such as Horizontal, then Vertical, then Diagonally.

[0131] In certain embodiments, the transformed lenses aim to correct the myopic refractive error of the myopic eye and simultaneously provide dynamic irregular directional cues. These cues serve as optical stop signals to reduce the progression of eye growth, thereby slowing down the progression of myopia. The spatio-temporal change in the stimulus to reduce eye growth is achieved by eye movements that occur naturally as well as a set of instructions that guide the wearer to make deliberate eye movements. This not only slows myopia progression but also ensures acceptable binocular vision.

[0132] In other embodiments, the transformed lenses aim to provide dynamic irregular directional cues for a pre-myopic eye to prevent or delay the onset of myopia.The spatio-temporal change in the stimulus to prevent or delay myopia onset is achieved by eye movements that occur naturally as well as a set of instructions that guide the wearer to make deliberate eye movements. This not only prevents or delays the onset of myopia but also ensures acceptable binocular vision.

[0133] The disclosed methods include a prescribed method that includes instructions of eye movements in a certain direction, magnitude, pattern and / or interval that provides temporal and spatial variation to the optical stop signals. This ensures that the efficacy of reducing the progression of eye growth remains substantially consistent over time. The wearer is encouraged to have specific eye movements (e.g., Figure 19) that do not necessitate a change of the optical film, creating the additional spatio-temporal change in the stimulus to eye growth.

[0134] Certain disclosed embodiments consist of methods involving an optical film to be used in conjunction with standard single-vision spectacle lenses. The method involves the selection, prescription, fitting, and use of the film under a prescribed method that includes instructions for a set of eye movements to be made by the wearer These movements provide temporally and spatially varying optical stop signals, for example, introduction of at least one conoid of a partial blur and / or at least one conoid of Sturm and / or at least one asymmetrical blur signal and / or at least one ring-like blur signal, on the central and / or peripheral retinal region of an eye. This is achieved without the need to swap or change the films with another design or orientation.

[0135] In some examples, the method may include a prescribed method and / or instructions that offers the temporally varying or time-changing optical stop signal by eye movements. This can vary in an hourly, daily, weekly, or monthly pattern. In other examples, the methods may include a prescribed method and / or instructions that offers the temporally varying or time-changing optical stop signal to vary in a more regular or a more irregular pattern. This could be once every day for the following week, once in two days, once in three days, or once in four days.

[0136] In some instances, the methods may include prescribed instructions, involving specific eye movements by the wearer, for example as illustrated in Figure 21 , that offers the spatially varying or space-changing optical stop signal. This canvary within at least 2.5 degrees, 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees or a 50-degree visual field of the wearer. In other instances, the methods may include prescribed instructions that offers the spatially varying stop signal to vary in more than one desirable retinal region.

[0137] In some instances, the prescribed method may include a chart or a screen or an electronic display, such as a tablet, that is positioned at a certain distance from the wearer, to provide the wearer with at least one pattern to follow to perform the different eye movements such as shown in Figure 21 .

[0138] In some embodiments, the prescribed eye movements may be performed when using the one pair of optical films for spectacle lenses of the current disclosure that is used for the daily management of slowing the progression of myopia or the prevention or delay of the onset of myopia. The prescribed eye movements provide an additional temporally and spatially varying stop signal on the central and / or the peripheral retina.

[0139] In other embodiments, a second pair of optical films for spectacle lenses of the current disclosure may be provided, wherein the first pair is used during normal day-to-day activities for the management of slowing the progression of myopia or the prevention or delay of the onset of myopia which provides acceptable overall visual performance. The second pair of optical films is configured with optical elements that provide a stronger treatment effect which may only be used for the duration when the prescribed eye movements are performed. The stronger treatment effect of the second pair of optical films may be achieved through utilisation of optical elements with greater delta power and / or increased size and / or an increased number of optical elements. The stronger treatment effect provided by the second pair of optical films may not be suitable for acceptable overall visual performance and thus, may only be worn during the duration when the prescribed eye movements are performed. The prescribed eye movements together with the stronger treatment effect of the second pair provide an additional stronger temporally and spatially varying stop signal on the central and / or the peripheral retina.

[0140] In another embodiment, only one pair of optical films for spectacle lenses of the current disclosure may be used during the duration when the prescribed eyemovements are performed, i.e., no treatment with optical films is provided during normal day-to-day activities and thus, vision will not be compromised during this time. The optical film pair used for the prescribed eye movements may have a normal or a stronger treatment effect. If the eye is myopic, a normal pair of standard single vision lenses may be used for the correction of the refractive error. If the eye is pre-myopic, only the one pair of optical films with spectacle lenses of the current disclosure is required for the duration when the prescribed eye movements are performed. Thus, this exemplary embodiment may be most advantageous for pre-myopic children, i.e., children that are at risk of becoming myopic, and who do not yet require distance correction at this point.

[0141] This invention represents an advancement in providing a more practical and effective solution for myopia management. By slowing myopia progression or preventing or delaying the onset of myopia and ensuring acceptable binocular vision, it offers a promising approach to tackling the global issue of myopia. The disclosed embodiments highlight the potential of optical film designs and their application in eye care, paving the way for future innovations in the field.

[0142] The disclosed embodiments address the ongoing need for improved spectacle designs that can consistently slow down the progression of myopia over time while providing reasonable and adequate visual performance to the wearer for a range of daily activities. These designs cater to the needs of a wearer by incorporating various designs of optical films, each to be used in conjunction with standard singlevision spectacle lenses.

[0143] Each design of the optical films is purposefully configured with optical elements with one or more meridionally and / or azimuthally variant power distributions. At least one of these power distributions lacks mirror symmetry, in addition to the base prescription required to correct the refractive error. The meridionally and / or azimuthally variant power distribution regions across the optical film are arranged in a specific pattern, for instance, randomly.

[0144] This specific arrangement results, at least in part, in a foveal correction of the myopic eye and, at least in part, results in at least one conoid of partial blur and / or at least one conoid of Sturm and / or at least one asymmetrical blur signal and / orat least one ring-like blur signal at the retina of the myopic eye to inhibit further eye growth or progression of myopia for the wearer.

[0145] When the said optical film, used in conjunction with a single-vision lens, is worn using the prescribed method and / or instructions involving specific eye movements at regular intervals, it provides a temporally and spatially varying stop signal on the central and / or peripheral retina. This not only slows myopia progression or prevents or delays the onset of myopia but also ensures acceptable binocular vision.

[0146] Certain embodiments of this disclosure are directed towards devices, methods, and / or systems of modifying the incoming light through spectacle lenses that utilize directional cues, i.e., a conoid of partial blur, a conoid of Sturm, at least one asymmetrical blur signal or at least one ring-like blur signal imposed on at least one region of the retina to decelerate the rate of myopia progression or to prevent or delay the onset of myopia.

[0147] In some embodiments, the region or regions of the retina where at least one conoid of partial blur, conoid of Sturm, asymmetrical blur signal or ring-like blur signal is introduced may be at the fovea, parafoveal, macular, and / or the paramacular region of the retina. In other embodiments, these regions may be in the temporal, nasal, inferior, and / or superior portions of the retina. The specific region or regions of the retina of the wearer for introducing a conoid of partial blur, a conoid of Sturm or at least one asymmetrical blur signal or at least one ring-like blur signal may be within at least 2.5 degrees, 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees, 20 degrees, 25 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, or 50 degrees of the visual field.

[0148] These regions may differ between the left and right eyes of the wearer. In some examples, the differences may be configured as differences in size, orientation, and / or location of the optical stimulus. In other examples, the differences may be chosen such that at least one eye would maintain adequate visual performance comparable to that of a standard single-vision lens at any given angle.

[0149] Certain embodiments of the disclosure are directed towards an apparatus and methods, including an optical film for converting a standard singlevision spectacle lens for the correction of myopia to a myopia management spectaclelens. This lens not only corrects myopia but also retards, decelerates, reduces, and / or manages the progression of myopia.

[0150] In other embodiments of the disclosure are directed towards an apparatus and methods, including an optical film for converting a standard singlevision spectacle lens to a myopia management spectacle lens, which aims to prevent or delay the onset of myopia.

[0151] The optical film may be configured on the standard single-vision spectacle lens using a desired power profile variation and desired arrangement of the optical elements across the optical film. In some embodiments, the type or power profile of the optical elements in the optical film may vary in different regions of the optical film. When the optical film is configured on or adhered to the single-vision spectacle lens, it provides at least one conoid of partial blur or at least one conoid of Sturm or at least one asymmetrical blur signal or at least one ring-like blur signal for at least one specific region of the retina of the wearer to reduce the rate of myopia progression or to prevent or delay the onset of myopia. In some instances, the specific region or regions of the retina for introducing a conoid of partial blur or a conoid of Sturm or at least one asymmetrical blur signal or at least one ring-like blur signal may be in the nasal, temporal, or other areas. In some embodiments, the power profile of the optical film may vary in different regions of the optical film. This variation allows for a more customized approach to myopia management, catering to the unique needs of each individual wearer. The optical film, when configured on or adhered to the singlevision spectacle lens, provides a conoid of partial blur or a conoid of Sturm or at least one asymmetrical blur signal or at least one ring-like blur signal for at least one specific region of the retina of the wearer. This conoid of partial blur or conoid of Sturm or at least one asymmetrical blur signal or at least one ring-like blur signal serves as an optical stop signal, reducing the rate of myopia progression or preventing or delaying the onset of myopia.

[0152] In some embodiments, the specific region, or regions of the retina of the wearer for introducing a conoid of partial blur or a conoid of Sturm or at least one asymmetrical blur signal or at least one ring-like blur signal may be in the sub-foveal, foveal, parafoveal, macular, and / or paramacular region of the retina. These regions are particularly important for visual acuity, and managing myopia in these areas canhelp ensure acceptable binocular vision. Unlike previous disclosures (WO 2021 / 056058 and WO 2021 / 159168), this invention eliminates the need to switch treatments or apply / replace films. This is achieved through the random arrangement and orientation of the optical elements in the optical film which create a spatiotemporal optical signal through the naturally occurring eye movements as well as by adapting a specific method and / or by following specific instructions that involve the wearer making certain eye movements at certain prescribed intervals to provide an increased spatio-temporal optical signal. These movements (Figure 21 ), which may include Horizontal, Vertical, Diagonal, Figure Eight, Randomized, Zigzag, Square, Cross, and Spiral Eye Movements or a combination thereof, are performed at specific intervals. These eye movements provide a varying optical stop signal on the retina, potentially slowing myopia progression or preventing or delaying the onset of myopia while maintaining acceptable binocular vision.

[0153] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the individual optical films may be either glued onto the standard single-vision spectacle lens, adhered with finger pressure to the standard single-vision spectacle lens, used as a sticker on one of the surfaces of the standard single-vision spectacle lens, used as a peel-able adhesive on one of the surfaces of the standard single-vision spectacle lens, or a combination thereof. This flexibility in application methods allows for a more user-friendly and customizable approach to myopia management.

[0154] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the individual optical films configured on the standard single-vision spectacle lens aimed to correct myopia may cover only a regional portion of the spectacle lens. The regional portion of the spectacle lens covered by the said sticker may have a surface area of at least 3 mm2, at least 5 mm2, at least 8 mm2, at least 16 mm2, at least 25 mm2, at least 50 mm2or at least 100 mm2. This allows for a more targeted approach to myopia management, focusing on the areas of the lens that correspond to the most affected areas of the retina.

[0155] In some embodiments, the optical elements in the treatment or management zone of the optical film are further designed with varying delta powers, sizes, shapes, orientations and arrangements. These variations can be random, quasirandom, or pseudo-random, providing dynamic irregular directional cues duringnaturally occurring and / or instructed eye movements. The type of random distribution can differ for various visual field locations and can be optimized for the right and left eyes. This not only slows down myopia progression or prevents or delays the onset of myopia but also ensures acceptable binocular vision.

[0156] Certain embodiments of the current disclosure are directed towards an apparatus and methods, including an optical film for converting a standard singlevision spectacle lens for the correction of myopia to a myopia management spectacle lens.

[0157] In other embodiments of the current disclosure, a spectacle clip-on (e.g., a magnetic clip-on) or a spectacle front comprising of the optical elements or a spectacle front comprising of the optical film with the optical elements of the current disclosure may be used in conjunction with the standard single vision spectacle lens. The spectacle front may be screwed onto, hooked onto, or adhered onto using a magnetic mechanism to the frame of the standard single-vision spectacles.

[0158] Certain other embodiments of the current disclosure, are directed towards an apparatus and methods, including spectacle lenses with optical elements for converting a standard single vision spectacle lens for the correction of myopia to a myopia management spectacle lens, wherein the optical elements may be directly configured on the front and / or back surface of the spectacle lens.

[0159] The present invention further relates to a system and method for managing myopia using a mobile application, hereinafter referred to as the 'Myopia Management App' (Figure 22). The Myopia Management App (Figure 22) is designed to assist users in adhering to a prescribed method of use for myopia management, which includes instructions on eye movements at certain intervals when using an optical film as disclosed in the document. In one embodiment, the Myopia Management App provides a user interface for registering a user and creating a user profile. The user profile may include, but is not limited to, the user's age, degree of myopia, risk of myopia onset or progression and other relevant medical history. In another embodiment, the Myopia Management App generates a personalised treatment plan based on the user's profile. The personalised treatment plan may include instructions for the use of the optical film, duration of use, and other specificinstructions related to specific eye movements. In yet another embodiment, the Myopia Management App is configured to send daily reminders to the user to follow the prescribed method of use or instructions on performing specific eye movements at certain intervals. These reminders may include prompts to wear the optical film as per the schedule outlined in the personalised treatment plan.

[0160] In a further embodiment, the Myopia Management App (Figure 22) provides a feature for tracking the user's progress over time. The user can input their vision details into the app at regular intervals, and the app records these inputs and tracks changes over time. In another embodiment, the Myopia Management App provides a feature for connecting with ophthalmologists or optometrists for regular check-ups or consultations. This feature may be implemented using various communication technologies, including but not limited to, voice calls, video calls, and text messaging.

[0161] In yet another embodiment, the Myopia Management App (Figure 22) includes a library of educational resources about myopia. These resources may include information about the causes and effects of myopia, as well as strategies for managing myopia progression or onset. In a further embodiment, the Myopia Management App includes a community forum where users can share their experiences and tips for managing myopia. The community forum may include features for posting questions, sharing experiences, and responding to other users' posts. The above-described embodiments of the Myopia Management App are intended to be illustrative rather than exhaustive. Other embodiments of the Myopia Management App could include additional features and functionalities, and the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0162] The present invention relates to a system and method for managing myopia using a mobile application, hereinafter referred to as the 'Myopia Management App'. The Myopia Management App is designed to assist users in adhering to a prescribed method of use for myopia management, which includes the use of an optical film with a random arrangement as disclosed in the document. The Myopia Management App may also assist practitioners to monitor compliance of the use of optical films for spectacle lenses of the current disclosure.

[0163] In one embodiment, the Myopia Management App is configured to demonstrate specific eye movements as part of the prescribed method of use or instructions of use. The app may provide visual cues or exercises that guide the user's eye movements. This feature eliminates the need for switching films, as the eye movements can effectively change the focus of the optical film. The visual cues or exercises may be designed based on various factors including, but not limited to, the user's degree of myopia, risk on myopia onset or progression, age, and other relevant medical history. The visual cues or exercises may be presented in various formats such as images, animations, or interactive games. The visual cues or exercises may be designed to stimulate specific eye movements that are beneficial for myopia management.

[0164] The Myopia Management App may also include a feature for tracking the user's eye movements. This feature may use various technologies such as eyetracking algorithms, sensors, or other suitable technologies. The tracked eye movements may be used to adjust the visual cues or exercises, provide feedback to the user, or for other purposes. The Myopia Management App may also include a feature for calibrating the visual cues or exercises. The calibration may be performed based on various factors such as the user's comfort level, effectiveness of the visual cues or exercises, or other factors. The calibration may be performed manually by the user, automatically by the app, or a combination of both.

[0165] In another embodiment, the Myopia Management App (Figure 22) is configured to send daily reminders to the user to follow the prescribed methods of use and instructions of use to perform eye movements. These reminders may include prompts to wear the optical film as per the schedule outlined in the personalised treatment plan and to perform eye movement exercises.

[0166] The reminders may be sent at specific times of the day, or based on the user's activity level, location, or other factors. The reminders may be presented in various formats such as notifications, alarms, or other suitable formats. The reminders may include motivational messages, tips for effective use of the optical film, or other relevant information.

[0167] The Myopia Management App (Figure 22) may also include a feature for customizing the reminders. The user may be able to customize various aspects of the reminders such as the timing, frequency, format, content, or other aspects. The customization may be performed based on the user's preferences, effectiveness of the reminders, or other factors. The above-described embodiments of the Myopia Management App are intended to be illustrative rather than exhaustive. Other embodiments of the Myopia Management App could include additional features and functionalities, and the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0168] In one embodiment, the Myopia Management App (Figure 22) utilises Augmented Reality (AR) technology to provide a more immersive and interactive experience for the eye exercises. For example, the optical film can be applied to the eye pieces of the AR device. The app may project visual cues into the user’s environment, thereby enhancing engagement and effectiveness of the exercises. In one embodiment, the Myopia Management App utilises Augmented Reality (AR) technology to provide a more immersive and interactive experience for the eye exercises. The app may project visual cues into the user’s environment, thereby enhancing engagement and effectiveness of the exercises. For instance, the app could overlay a series of targets or points of interest onto the user’s real-world view, which the user would then be instructed to focus on in a specific sequence, thereby guiding their eye movements.

[0169] In another embodiment, the Myopia Management App employs machine learning algorithms to personalize the prescribed method of use and the instructions on eye movements based on the user’s progress and feedback. This adaptive approach allows for a more effective and tailored prescribed method of use and myopia management, enhancing the overall user experience and efficacy of myopia management. In another embodiment, the Myopia Management App employs machine learning algorithms to personalize the prescribed methods of use and the instructions on eye movements based on the user’s progress and feedback. This adaptive approach allows for a more effective and tailored care regimen, enhancing the overall user experience and efficacy of myopia management. The app could collect data on the user’s performance and progress over time and use this data to adjust thedifficulty or intensity of the eye exercises or to suggest modifications to the prescribed method of use and the instructions on eye movements.

[0170] In a further embodiment, the Myopia Management App incorporates social features that allow users to connect with others who are also managing myopia. This feature fosters a sense of community and provides a support network, making the prescribed method of use and the instructions on eye movements more enjoyable and encouraging adherence. Users could share their progress, exchange tips and advice, and provide mutual encouragement, all within a safe and supportive online environment.

[0171] In yet another embodiment, the Myopia Management App incorporates game elements into the prescribed method of use or instructions on eye movements. Users could earn points or rewards for consistently following the regimen, serving as a motivational tool to encourage adherence to the prescribed method of use or instructions on eye movements. In yet another embodiment, the Myopia Management App incorporates game elements into the prescribed method of use or instructions on eye movements. Users could earn points or rewards for consistently following the prescribed method of use, serving as a motivational tool to encourage adherence to the prescribed method of use or instructions on eye movements. For example, users could earn points for each eye exercise they complete, and these points could be exchanged for rewards within the app, such as unlocking new features or content.

[0172] In another embodiment, the Myopia Management App is designed to integrate with smart devices, such as smart glasses or smart watches. These devices could provide additional ways to facilitate eye movements and reminders, enhancing the user experience and effectiveness of the prescribed method of use or instructions on eye movements. In another embodiment, the Myopia Management App is designed to integrate with smart devices, such as smart glasses or smart watches. These devices could provide additional ways to facilitate eye movements and reminders, enhancing the user experience and effectiveness of the prescribed method of use or instructions on eye movements. For instance, smart glasses could be used to display the AR visual cues directly in the user’s field of vision, while a smartwatch could provide tactile reminders or feedback.

[0173] In a further embodiment, the Myopia Management App (Figure 22) includes Virtual Reality (VR) exercises for a more immersive experience. Users could use a VR headset to perform the eye exercises, providing a more engaging and potentially more effective experience. The VR environment could be designed to simulate various scenarios that encourage the user to perform the necessary eye movements, such as following a moving object around a virtual space.

[0174] In yet another embodiment, the Myopia Management App utilises biofeedback to help users improve their eye movements. Sensors could monitor the user’s eye movements in real-time and provide immediate feedback, aiding in technique improvement and effective myopia management. This could involve the use of eye-tracking technology to monitor the user’s eye movements, with the app providing real-time feedback and guidance to help the user improve their control over their eye movements.

[0175] Figure 23 shows the central part of a lenslet-based myopia management spectacle lens of prior art (2300) (frontal view, lens for a right eye) with defocus incorporated spherical lenslets (i.e., no azimuthally varying power distribution) (2301 ) arranged quasi-symmetric in a hexagonal pattern across a peripheral treatment zone. Figure 23 further illustrates a central area (2311 ) and eight different peripheral areas (2312 to 2319) of the lenslet-based myopia management spectacle lens of prior art (2310) wherein the central (2311 ) and eight peripheral areas (2312 to 2319) correspond (not to scale) to the different eye movements performed when the eye moves from 0° central viewing (2311 ) to 25° left (2312), 25° right (2313), 25° up (2314), 25° down (2315), 25° up-left (2316), 25° down-left (2317), 25° up-right (2318) and 25° down-right (2319). Further, Figure 23 illustrates the wide-field point spread function images (2320) obtained on the retina of a schematic model eye when the model eye is corrected with the lenslet-based myopia management spectacle lens of prior art (2300) and when the eye views through the different areas (2311 to 2319) of the lens (2310). From this it is shown that when viewing through the central area (2311 ) of the lens (2310), the point-spread function image is well in focus. When viewing through the peripheral areas (2312 to 2319) containing the spherical lenslets (2301 ), the pointspread function images appear distorted due to the defocus induced by the spherical lenslets. Moreover, the eight peripheral point-spread function images (2322 to 2329)appear quasi-similar or quasi-regular at all the peripheral retinal locations, indicating that the induced defocus or the optical signal at the retina is quasi-similar or quasistatic, i.e., for eye movements performed when wearing the lenslet-based myopia management spectacle lens of prior art (2300).

[0176] In other embodiments, the lenslet-based myopia management spectacle lens of prior art may contain aspherical lenslets (i.e., no azimuthally varying power distribution) and the arrangement may be annular. Any lenslet-based myopia management spectacle lenses with spherical or aspherical lenslets and are arranged substantially rotationally symmetric in the peripheral treatment zone will provide wide- field point-spread function images that are substantially similar or quasi-static across the visual field. Such quasi-static signal may result in cue adaptation and thus a decline in the treatment effect, i.e., a decline in the slowing of myopia progression.

[0177] Figure 24 shows the central part of a spectacle lens with an optical film of the current disclosure (2400) (frontal view, lens for a right eye) configured with optical elements (e.g., 2401 a, 2401 b) with azimuthally varying power distributions as disclosed in Figures 1 to 2, 4 to 9 (i.e., the power distribution is not spherical or aspherical) which have a random orientation, delta power, size, type of optical element and / or arrangement within a peripheral treatment zone. Figure 24 further illustrates a central area (2411 ) and eight different peripheral areas (2412 to 2419) of the spectacle lens with an optical film of the current disclosure (2410) wherein the central (2411 ) and eight peripheral areas (2412 to 2419) correspond (not to scale) to the different eye movements performed when the eye moves from 0° central viewing (2411 ) to 25° left (2412), 25° right (2413), 25° up (2414), 25° down (2415), 25° up-left (2416), 25° down-left (2417), 25° up-right (2418) and 25° down-right (2419). Further, Figure 24 illustrates the wide-field point spread function images (2420) obtained on the retina of a schematic model eye when the model eye is corrected with the spectacle lens configured with an optical film of the current disclosure (2400) and when the eye views through the different areas (2411 to 2419) of the lens configured with the optical film (2410). From this it is shown that when viewing through the central area (2411 ) of the lens configured with the optical film (2410), the point-spread function image is well in focus. When viewing through the peripheral areas (2412 to 2419) containing the azimuthally varying optical elements (2401 a and 2401 b) of the current disclosure, thepoint-spread function images appear distorted and asymmetric due to the azimuthally varying power distribution and the random arrangement and orientation of the optical elements. Moreover, unlike the symmetric wide-field point spread function images shown in Figure 2420 obtained with the lenslet-based myopia management spectacle lens of prior art (2400), the peripheral point-spread function images (2422 to 2429) obtained through the spectacle lens with the optical film of the current disclosure (2400) appear asymmetric, i.e. , they are all substantially different or irregular at all the eight peripheral retinal locations, indicating a spatially varying or a dynamic irregular directional optical signal at the retina, i.e. , for eye movements performed when wearing the spectacle lens with an optical film of the current disclosure (2400). This dynamic irregular directional optical cue created through the random features of the optical elements and their arrangement in the peripheral treatment zone, is aimed at slowing the progression of myopia or at preventing or delaying the onset of myopia. In other embodiments, the optical modelling may be performed using a physical bench-top model eye.

[0178] As a person skilled in the art may appreciate, the present invention may be used in combination with any devices / methods that have the potential to influence the progression of myopia. These may include but are not limited to, contact lenses of various designs, colour filters, pharmaceutical agents, behavioural changes, and environmental conditions.

[0179] Few other exemplary embodiments of the current disclosure are described in the following example sets A, B and C.Example claim set A

[0180] A system for managing myopia, comprising: a mobile application configured to facilitate specific eye movements as part of a prescribed method of use, wherein the mobile application provides visual cues or exercises that guide the user's eye movements, and wherein the eye movements effectively change the focus of an optical film with a random arrangement.

[0181] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the mobile application utilises Augmented Reality (AR) technology to provide the visual cues.

[0182] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the AR technology projects the visual cues into the user’s environment.

[0183] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the mobile application employs machine learning algorithms to personalize the prescribed method of use or instructions on eye movements based on the user’s progress and feedback.

[0184] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the machine learning algorithms adjust the difficulty or intensity of the eye exercises based on the user's performance and progress.

[0185] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the mobile application incorporates social features that allow users to connect with others who are also managing myopia.

[0186] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the social features include a community forum where users can share their experiences and tips for managing myopia.

[0187] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the mobile application incorporates game elements into the prescribed method of use or instructions on eye movements.

[0188] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the game elements include points or rewards that users can earn for consistently following the regimen.

[0189] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the mobile application is designed to integrate with smart devices.

[0190] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the smart devices include smart glasses or smart watches.

[0191] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the mobile application includes Virtual Reality (VR) exercises.

[0192] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the VR exercises are performed using a VR headset.

[0193] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the mobile application utilises biofeedback to help users improve their eye movements.

[0194] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the biofeedback involves the use of sensors that monitor the user’s eye movements in real-time.

[0195] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the mobile application is configured to send daily reminders to the user to follow the prescribed method of use or instructions on eye movements.

[0196] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the reminders are sent at specific times of the day.

[0197] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the reminders are presented in various formats such as notifications, alarms, or other suitable formats.

[0198] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the reminders include motivational messages, tips for effective use of the optical film, or other relevant information.

[0199] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the mobile application includes a feature for customizing the reminders.

[0200] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the customization includes the timing, frequency, format, content, or other aspects of the reminders.

[0201] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the mobile application includes a feature for tracking the user's eye movements.

[0202] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the tracking feature uses eye-tracking algorithms, sensors, or other suitable technologies.

[0203] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the mobile application includes a feature for calibrating the visual cues or exercises.

[0204] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the calibration is performed based on the user's comfort level, effectiveness of the visual cues or exercises, or other factors.

[0205] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the visual cues or exercises are presented in various formats such as images, animations, or interactive games.

[0206] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the visual cues or exercises are designed to stimulate specific eye movements that are beneficial for myopia management.

[0207] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the mobile application generates a personalised treatment plan based on the user's profile.

[0208] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the personalised treatment plan includes instructions for the use of the optical film, duration of use, and other specific instructions related to the prescribed method of use or instructions on eye movements.

[0209] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the mobile application provides a user interface for registering a user and creating a user profile.

[0210] The system of one or more of the claim examples, wherein the user profile includes the user's age, degree of myopia, and other relevant medical history.Example claim set B

[0211] An optical film for a spectacle lens for myopia management, wherein the spectacle lens is configured with an optical centre and a distance prescription to provide foveal correction, wherein the optical film comprises: a central distance zone that is substantially piano,an optical film centre, at least one peripheral treatment zone, wherein the at least one peripheral treatment zone is configured with at least two optical elements randomly arranged within the at least one peripheral treatment zone; wherein each optical element comprises of an azimuthally varying power distribution or a circular donut power ring, wherein each optical element with the azimuthally varying power distribution has at least one steepest radial spoke or meridian, wherein the at least one steepest radial spoke or meridian is randomly orientated within the at least one peripheral treatment zone; wherein the area surrounding the optical elements within the at least one peripheral treatment zone is configured with substantially piano power; and wherein the optical elements with azimuthally varying power distributions or with circular donut power rings create dynamic irregular directional optical cues during naturally occurring or instructed eye movements.

[0212] The optical film of example B, wherein the azimuthally varying power distribution creates a conoid of Sturm, a conoid of partial blur or an asymmetrical blur signal on the retina.

[0213] The optical film of example B, wherein the circular donut power ring creates a ring-like blur signal on the retina.

[0214] The optical film of example B, wherein the optical element has an azimuthally varying power distribution and a depression or a truncation.

[0215] The optical film of example B, wherein the optical element has a power map that is tilted and the power distribution does not vary in the centre of the optical element.

[0216] The optical film of example B, wherein the optical element has a power map that is tilted, the power distribution does not vary in the centre of the optical element and has added asphericity along each half meridian.

[0217] The optical film of example B, wherein the central distance zone includes at least one optical element.

[0218] The optical film of example B, wherein the dynamic irregular directional optical cues slow, retard, or reduce the myopia progression in the myopic eye.

[0219] The optical film of example B, wherein the dynamic irregular directional optical cues prevent or delay the onset of myopia in the pre-myopic eye.

[0220] The optical film of example B, wherein the dynamic irregular directional optical cues are substantially different to the quasi-regular optical cues provided by current myopia management spectacle lenses configured of spherical or aspherical lenslets.

[0221] The optical film of example B, wherein the dynamic irregular directional optical cues are demonstrated through optical modelling of wide-field point spread function images using a schematic or bench-top model eye, and wherein the wide- field point spread function images are substantially different across the visual field.

[0222] The optical film of example B, wherein the substantially different wide- field point spread function images across the visual field are substantially different to the quasi-regular wide-field point spread function images obtained with lenslet based myopia management spectacle lenses which are configured of spherical or aspherical lenslets that are quasi-rotationally symmetric arranged in a peripheral treatment zone.

[0223] The optical film of example B, wherein the type, size, delta power, location, number, arrangement, orientation and randomness of the optical elements in the optical film is optimised to provide an increase in the spatio-temporal optical signal during eye movements.

[0224] The optical film of example B, wherein the instructed eye movements involve the wearer to perform eye movements according to prescribed patterns and at prescribed intervals to provide a desired spatio-temporal optical signal, wherein theprescribed intervals include hourly, daily, weekly, or monthly, and wherein the prescribed patterns include Horizontal, Vertical, Zig-zag, Random, Spiral, Diagonal, Square, Figure Eight or Cross eye-roll patterns.

[0225] The optical film of example B, wherein the prescribed patterns and prescribed intervals for the instructed eye movements are provided through a mobile application, or are displayed on a monitor or a TV screen or a handheld device or a wall via a projector.

[0226] A method for two pairs of optical films of example B, wherein each pair of optical films has a right and a left optical film for a right and a left spectacle lens, wherein the first pair of optical films provides acceptable visual performance when performing normal day-to-day activities and wherein the second pair of optical films provides stronger dynamic irregular directional optical cues than the first pair of optical films and is worn during the performance of the prescribed eye movements, wherein the two pairs of optical films are used to slow the progression of myopia in myopic eyes.

[0227] A method for two pairs of optical films of example B, wherein each pair of optical films has a right and a left optical film for a right and a left spectacle lens, wherein the first pair of optical films provides acceptable visual performance when performing normal day-to-day activities and wherein the second pair of optical films provides stronger dynamic irregular directional optical cues than the first pair of optical films and is worn during the performance of the prescribed eye movements, wherein the two pairs of optical films are used to delay or prevent the onset of myopia in pre- myopic eyes.

[0228] A method for one pair of optical films of example B, wherein the pair of optical films comprises a right and a left optical film for a right and a left spectacle lens, wherein the pair of optical films is worn during the performance of the prescribed eye movements, wherein the pair of optical films are used to slow the progression of myopia in myopic eyes.

[0229] A method for one pair of optical films of example B, wherein the pair of optical films comprises a right and a left optical film for a right and a left spectacle lens, wherein the pair of optical films is worn during the performance of the prescribed eye movements, wherein the pair of optical films are used to delay or prevent the onset ofmyopia in pre-myopic eyes. A method for one or two pairs of optical films of example B, wherein the type, size, delta power, location, number, arrangement, orientation and randomness of the optical elements in the pairs of optical films is optimised to provide acceptable monocular and / or binocular visual performance when compared to current myopia management spectacles.

[0230] A method for one or two pairs of optical films of example B, wherein the type, size, delta power, location, number, arrangement, orientation and randomness of the optical elements in the at least one pair of optical films is optimised to provide dynamic irregular directional cues to myopic or pre-myopic eyes with exophoria or esophoria.

[0231] A method for one or two pairs of optical films of example B, wherein the type, size, delta power, location, number, arrangement, orientation and randomness of the optical elements in the right and left optical films of the one or two pairs of optical films is optimised to provide dynamic irregular directional cues that are different between the dominant eye and the non-dominant eye of a myopic or a pre-myopic individual.Example claim set C

[0232] A spectacle lens for myopia management, wherein the spectacle lens comprises: a central distance zone with a distance prescription to provide foveal correction, an optical centre, at least one peripheral treatment zone, wherein the at least one peripheral treatment zone is configured with at least two optical elements randomly arranged within the at least one peripheral treatment zone; wherein each optical element comprises of an azimuthally varying power distribution or a circular donut power ring, wherein each optical element with the azimuthally varying power distribution has at least one steepest radial spoke or meridian, wherein the at least one steepest radialspoke or meridian is randomly orientated within the at least one peripheral treatment zone; wherein the area surrounding the optical elements within the at least one peripheral treatment zone is configured with the distance prescription to provide foveal correction; and wherein the optical elements with azimuthally varying power distributions or with circular donut power rings create dynamic irregular directional optical cues during naturally occurring or instructed eye movements.

[0233] The spectacle lens of example C, wherein the azimuthally varying power distribution creates a conoid of Sturm, a conoid of partial blur or an asymmetrical blur signal on the retina.

[0234] The spectacle lens of example C, wherein the circular donut power ring creates a ring-like blur signal on the retina.

[0235] The spectacle lens of example C, wherein the optical element has an azimuthally varying power distribution and a depression or a truncation.

[0236] The spectacle lens of example C, wherein the optical element has a power map that is tilted and the power distribution does not vary in the centre of the optical element.

[0237] The spectacle lens of example C, wherein the optical element has a power map that is tilted, the power distribution does not vary in the centre of the optical element and has added asphericity along each half meridian.

[0238] The spectacle lens of example C, wherein the central distance zone includes at least one optical element.

[0239] The spectacle lens of example C, wherein the dynamic irregular directional optical cues slow, retard, or reduce the myopia progression in the myopic eye.

[0240] The spectacle lens of example C, wherein the dynamic irregular directional optical cues prevent or delay the onset of myopia in the pre-myopic eye.

[0241] The spectacle lens of example C, wherein the dynamic irregular directional optical cues are substantially different to the quasi-regular optical cues provided by current myopia management spectacle lenses configured of spherical or aspherical lenslets.

[0242] The spectacle lens of example C, wherein the dynamic irregular directional optical cues are demonstrated through optical modelling of wide-field point spread function images using a schematic or bench-top model eye, and wherein the wide-field point spread function images are substantially different across the visual field.

[0243] The spectacle lens of example C, wherein the substantially different wide-field point spread function images across the visual field are substantially different to the quasi-regular wide-field point spread function images obtained with lenslet based myopia management spectacle lenses which are configured of spherical or aspherical lenslets that are quasi-rotationally symmetric arranged in a peripheral treatment zone.

[0244] The spectacle lens of example C, wherein the type, size, delta power, location, number, arrangement, orientation and randomness of the optical elements in the optical film is optimised to provide an increase in the spatio-temporal optical signal during eye movements.

[0245] The spectacle lens of example C, wherein the instructed eye movements involve the wearer to perform eye movements according to prescribed patterns and at prescribed intervals to provide a desired spatio-temporal optical signal, wherein the prescribed intervals include hourly, daily, weekly, or monthly, and wherein the prescribed patterns include Horizontal, Vertical, Zig-zag, Random, Spiral, Diagonal, Square, Figure Eight or Cross eye-roll patterns.

[0246] The spectacle lens of example C, wherein the prescribed patterns and prescribed intervals for the instructed eye movements are provided through a mobile application, or are displayed on a monitor or a TV screen or a handheld device or a wall via a projector.

[0247] A method for two pairs of spectacle lenses of example C, wherein the first pair of spectacle lenses provides acceptable visual performance when performing normal day-to-day activities and wherein the second pair of spectacle lenses provides stronger dynamic irregular directional optical cues than the first pair of spectacle lenses and is worn during the performance of the prescribed eye movements, wherein the two pairs of spectacle lenses are used to slow the progression of myopia in myopic eyes.

[0248] A method for two pairs of spectacle lenses of example C, wherein the first pair of spectacle lenses provides acceptable visual performance when performing normal day-to-day activities and wherein the second pair of spectacle lenses provides stronger dynamic irregular directional optical cues than the first pair of spectacle lenses and is worn during the performance of the prescribed eye movements, wherein the two pairs of spectacle lenses are used to delay or prevent the onset of myopia in pre-myopic eyes.

[0249] A method for one pair of spectacle lenses of example C, wherein the pair of spectacle lenses is worn during the performance of the prescribed eye movements, wherein the pair of spectacle lenses is used to slow the progression of myopia in myopic eyes.

[0250] A method for one pair of spectacle lenses of example C, wherein the pair of spectacle lenses is worn during the performance of the prescribed eye movements, wherein the pair of spectacle lenses is used to delay or prevent the onset of myopia in pre-myopic eyes.

[0251] A method for one or two pairs of spectacle lenses of example C, wherein the type, size, delta power, location, number, arrangement, orientation and randomness of the optical elements in the pairs of spectacle lenses is optimised to provide acceptable monocular and / or binocular visual performance when compared to current myopia management spectacles.

[0252] A method for one or two pairs of spectacle lenses of example C, wherein the type, size, delta power, location, number, arrangement, orientation and randomness of the optical elements in the at least one pair of spectacle lenses is optimised to provide dynamic irregular directional cues to myopic or pre-myopic eyes with exophoria or esophoria.

[0253] A method for one or two pairs of spectacle lenses of example C, wherein the type, size, delta power, location, number, arrangement, orientation andrandomness of the optical elements in the right and left spectacle lenses of the one or two pairs of spectacle lenses is optimised to provide dynamic irregular directional cues that are different between the dominant eye and the non-dom inant eye of a myopic or a pre-myopic individual.

Claims

1. CLAIMS1. An optical film configured to be applied to a spectacle lens for myopia management, wherein the spectacle lens is configured with an optical centre and a distance prescription to provide foveal correction, wherein the optical film comprises: a central distance zone that is substantially piano, an optical film centre, at least one peripheral treatment zone, wherein the at least one peripheral treatment zone is configured with at least two optical elements randomly arranged within the at least one peripheral treatment zone; wherein each optical element comprises of an azimuthally varying power distribution or a circular donut power ring, wherein each optical element with the azimuthally varying power distribution has at least one steepest radial spoke or meridian, wherein the at least one steepest radial spoke or meridian is randomly orientated within the at least one peripheral treatment zone; wherein the area surrounding the optical elements within the at least one peripheral treatment zone is configured with substantially piano power; and wherein the optical elements with azimuthally varying power distributions or with circular donut power rings when arranged randomly in the at least one peripheral treatment zone create dynamic irregular directional optical cues during naturally occurring or instructed eye movements.

2. The optical film of claim 1 , wherein the optical element with the azimuthally varying power distribution creates a conoid of Sturm or a conoid of partial blur on the retina.

3. The optical film of claim 1 , wherein each optical element with the circular donut power ring creates a ring-like blur signal on the retina.

4. The optical film of claim 1 , wherein the optical element with the azimuthally varying power distribution has a depression or a truncation creating an asymmetrical blur signal on the retina.

5. The optical film of claim 1 , wherein the optical element with the azimuthally varying power distribution has a power map that is tilted and the power distribution does not vary in the centre of the optical element.

6. The optical film of claim 1 , wherein the optical element with the azimuthally varying power distribution has a power map that is tilted, the power distribution does not vary in the centre of the optical element and has added asphericity along each half meridian.

7. The optical film of claim 1 , wherein the central distance zone includes at least one optical element.

8. The optical film of claim 1 , wherein the type, size, delta power, location, number, arrangement, orientation and randomness of the optical elements in the optical film is optimized to provide an increase in the spatio-temporal optical signal during eye movements.

9. The optical film of claim 1 , wherein the instructed eye movements involve the wearer to perform eye movements according to prescribed patterns and at prescribed intervals to provide a desired spatio-temporal optical signal.

10. The optical film of claim 9, wherein the prescribed intervals include hourly, daily, weekly, or monthly.11 . The optical film of claim 9, wherein the prescribed patterns include Horizontal, Vertical, Zig-zag, Random, Spiral, Diagonal, Square, Figure Eight or Cross eyeroll patterns.

12. The optical film of claims 9 to 11 , wherein the prescribed patterns and prescribed intervals for the instructed eye movements are provided through a mobile application or are displayed on a monitor or a TV screen or a handheld device or a wall via a projector.

13. The optical film of claim 1 , wherein the dynamic irregular directional optical cues slow, retard, or reduce the myopia progression in the myopic eye.

14. The optical film of claim 1 , wherein the dynamic irregular directional optical cues prevent or delay the onset of myopia in the pre-myopic eye.

15. The optical film of claim 1 , wherein the dynamic irregular directional optical cues are substantially different to the quasi-regular optical cues provided by current myopia management spectacle lenses configured of spherical or aspherical lenslets.

16. The optical film of claim 1 , wherein the dynamic irregular directional optical cues are demonstrated through optical modelling of wide-field point spread function images using a schematic or bench-top model eye, and wherein the wide-field point spread function images are substantially different across the visual field.

17. The optical film of claim 11 , wherein the substantially different wide-field point spread function images across the visual field are substantially different to the quasi-regular wide-field point spread function images obtained with lenslet based myopia management spectacle lenses which are configured of spherical or aspherical lenslets that are quasi-rotationally symmetric arranged in a peripheral treatment zone.

18. A method of use for two pairs of optical films of claim 1 , wherein each pair of optical films has a right and a left optical film configured to be applied to a right and a left spectacle lens, wherein the first pair of optical films provides acceptable visual performance when performing normal day-to-day activities and wherein the second pair of optical films provides stronger dynamic irregular directional optical cues than the first pair of optical films and is worn during the performance of the prescribed eye movements, and wherein the two pairs of optical films are used to slow the progression of myopia in myopic eyes.

19. A method of use for two pairs of optical films of claim 1 , wherein each pair of optical films has a right and a left optical film configured to be applied to a right and a left spectacle lens, wherein the first pair of optical films provides acceptable visual performance when performing normal day-to-day activities and wherein the second pair of optical films provides stronger dynamic irregular directional optical cues than the first pair of optical films and is worn during theperformance of the prescribed eye movements, and wherein the two pairs of optical films are used to delay or prevent the onset of myopia in pre-myopic eyes.

20. A method of use for one pair of optical films of claim 1 , wherein the pair of optical films comprises a right and a left optical film configured to be applied to a right and a left spectacle lens, wherein the pair of optical films is worn during the performance of the prescribed eye movements, and wherein the pair of optical films are used to slow the progression of myopia in myopic eyes.

21. A method of use for one pair of optical films of claim 1 , wherein the pair of optical films comprises a right and a left optical film configured to be applied to a right and a left spectacle lens, wherein the pair of optical films is worn during the performance of the prescribed eye movements, and wherein the pair of optical films are used to delay or prevent the onset of myopia in pre-myopic eyes.

22. A method of claims 18 to 21 , wherein the type, size, delta power, location, number, arrangement, orientation and randomness of the optical elements in the pairs of optical films is optimised to provide acceptable monocular and / or binocular visual performance when compared to current myopia management spectacles.

23. A method of claims 18 to 21 , wherein the type, size, delta power, location, number, arrangement, orientation and randomness of the optical elements in the at least one pair of optical films is optimised to provide dynamic irregular directional cues to myopic or pre-myopic eyes with exophoria or esophoria.

24. A method of claims 18 to 21 , wherein the type, size, delta power, location, number, arrangement, orientation and randomness of the optical elements in the right and left optical films of the one or two pairs of optical films is optimised to provide dynamic irregular directional cues that are different between the dominant eye and the non-dominant eye of a myopic or a pre-myopic individual.

Images