Laminate and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The present application discloses a laminate and a photovoltaic module. The laminate comprises a cover plate, a first adhesive film, solar cells, a second adhesive film, and a back plate. The first adhesive film is provided between the solar cells and the cover plate, and the second adhesive film is provided between the solar cells and the back plate. The cover plate is provided on a first surface of a solar cell layer, and the back plate is provided on a second surface of the solar cell layer. The cover plate is one of a chemically tempered glass plate and a physically tempered glass plate, and the back plate is the other of the chemically tempered glass plate and the physically tempered glass plate. The thickness of the cover plate is t1, and the thickness of the back plate is t2, wherein 0.2 mm≤|t1-t2|≤2.5 mm. Thus, a tempered glass having weaker thermal shock resistance is sacrificed to protect a tempered glass having stronger thermal shock resistance. When the tempered glass having weaker thermal shock resistance wholly breaks to release pressure, the heat resistance and fireproof performance of the photovoltaic module are enhanced by means of active pressure relief, thereby ensuring that the photovoltaic module as a whole is not burnt through by flame and avoiding the occurrence of safety accidents.

Description

A laminate and a photovoltaic module

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202423321155.3, filed with the Chinese Patent Office on December 31, 2024, entitled "A Laminated Component and a Photovoltaic Module", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a laminate and a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0004] Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems convert solar energy into electrical energy using photovoltaic cells. The principle is that when sunlight shines on the silicon wafers of the cells, photons excite electrons in the wafers, generating an electric current. This current is then processed by an inverter and can be supplied to household and commercial electrical equipment. During installation and use, PV modules may encounter problems such as aging wiring, inverter failure, external sparks, lightning, or static electricity, which can lead to localized overheating or even fires.

[0005] Single-glass modules have poor heat and fire resistance due to the flammable nature of the back panel. Double-glass modules, with tempered glass protecting both the front and back, offer better fire resistance. However, when exposed to high temperatures and flames, the stress balance of the tempered glass can cause deformation. The encapsulant film inside the module decomposes under heat radiation, generating gas and creating high pressure within the module. This pressure can cause the frame and glass to break, allowing flames to penetrate and ignite. Simultaneously, under high temperatures, the decomposition of the encapsulant film produces gas, creating localized high pressure that exceeds the glass's strength, causing it to shatter and create holes. Conventional double-glass modules can pass the UL790 Class C fire rating test, but they cannot pass higher fire resistance tests such as Class A.

[0006] Therefore, conventional double-glass modules have poor heat resistance and fire resistance, and pose a high risk of fire failure and safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this application is to provide a laminate and a photovoltaic module, which aims to solve the problem of poor heat resistance and fire resistance of current photovoltaic modules.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application is implemented as follows:

[0009] A laminate includes a cover plate, a first adhesive film, a battery cell, a second adhesive film, and a back sheet;

[0010] The first adhesive film is disposed between the battery cell and the cover plate, and the second adhesive film is disposed between the battery cell and the back plate;

[0011] The cover plate is disposed on the first surface of the battery cell layer, and the back plate is disposed on the second surface of the battery cell layer. The cover plate is one of a chemically tempered glass plate and a physically tempered glass plate, and the back plate is the other of a chemically tempered glass plate and a physically tempered glass plate.

[0012] The thickness of the cover plate is t1, and the thickness of the back plate is t2, where 0.2mm ≤ |t1-t2| ≤ 2.5mm.

[0013] This application also provides a photovoltaic module, including a frame and any of the laminates described above;

[0014] The laminate is fixed inside the frame.

[0015] The laminate provided in this application embodiment has a cover plate disposed on the first surface (upper surface) of the battery cell layer, and a back plate disposed on the second surface (lower surface) of the battery cell layer. A first adhesive film is disposed between the battery cell and the cover plate, and a second adhesive film is disposed between the battery cell and the back plate. The cover plate and the back plate are made of tempered glass with different thermal shock resistance properties, including chemically tempered glass and physically tempered glass. Chemically tempered glass is manufactured using a low-temperature ion exchange process. Due to the volume change after ion exchange, compressive stress is formed on the surface of the glass, and tensile stress is formed inside. When the glass is subjected to external force, the surface stress is first offset. That is, when the surface stress changes under rapid high temperature, only the small area where the change occurs will break, and the entire glass will not shatter. Even if the glass partially breaks, the overall structure of the component can still remain intact. Physically tempered glass has poor thermal shock resistance at high temperatures. When there is a high-temperature flame outside, exceeding the tempering temperature of the physically tempered glass, its own stress state becomes unbalanced and fails, resulting in overall rupture, thereby releasing the high pressure inside the component. When the cover glass is chemically tempered, the back glass is physically tempered; conversely, when the cover glass is physically tempered, the back glass is chemically tempered. Furthermore, tempered glass of different thicknesses exhibits varying thermal shock resistance. By designing the thickness difference between the cover and back glass, the difference in their thermal shock resistance is enhanced, with thicker tempered glass exhibiting stronger thermal shock resistance. Therefore, this invention sacrifices the less thermally shock resistant tempered glass to protect the more thermally shock resistant one. When the less thermally shock resistant tempered glass breaks completely, releasing pressure, the heat and fire resistance of the component is improved through active pressure relief, ensuring the component is not burned through by flames and preventing safety accidents.

[0016] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the laminate structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic module structure in an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Reference numerals: 1-Laminated component, 11-Cover plate, 12-First adhesive film, 13-Battery cell, 14-Second adhesive film, 15-Back plate, 2-Frame, 21-Fixing groove. Specific Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such use of data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0023] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0024] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0025] The photovoltaic modules provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, through specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0026] In related technologies, to improve the heat resistance and fireproof performance of photovoltaic modules, methods include increasing the thickness of the cover and backsheet glass, using flame-retardant films for encapsulation, or installing steel plates or flame-retardant materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) on the back of the module. However, increasing glass thickness is problematic because tempered glass itself is prone to stress imbalance at high temperatures, leading to weakened strength. Under the combined effects of external high temperature and internal high pressure, it is highly susceptible to failure and overall breakage. Furthermore, increased glass thickness increases the overall weight and material cost of the module, resulting in poor economic efficiency. Flame-retardant films are more expensive than conventional films, and the resulting modules also pose reliability risks. Installing steel plates or flame-retardant materials such as PVC on the back of the module increases installation and maintenance costs, and also carries reliability risks. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an improved solution that can effectively reduce module manufacturing costs while ensuring heat resistance and fireproof performance and avoiding reliability risks.

[0027] The laminates and photovoltaic modules provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, through specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0028] Referring to Figure 1, this application embodiment provides a laminate 1, including a cover plate 11, a first adhesive film 12, a battery cell 13, a second adhesive film 14, and a back plate 15; the first adhesive film 12 is disposed between the battery cell 13 and the cover plate 11, and the second adhesive film 14 is disposed between the battery cell 13 and the back plate 15; the cover plate 11 is disposed on the first surface of the battery cell 13, and the back plate 15 is disposed on the second surface of the battery cell 13; the cover plate 11 is one of a chemically tempered glass plate and a physically tempered glass plate, and the back plate 15 is the other of a chemically tempered glass plate and a physically tempered glass plate; the thickness of the cover plate 11 is t1, the thickness of the back plate 15 is t2, and 0.2mm≤|t1-t2|≤2.5mm.

[0029] Specifically, as shown in Figure 1, the laminate 1 is the core component of the photovoltaic module. The laminate 1 includes a solar cell 13, a cover plate 11, a first encapsulating film 12, a second encapsulating film 14, and a backsheet 15. The solar cell 13 includes multiple cell strings, each formed by multiple solar cells connected in series. The multiple cell strings are connected by a busbar to output current. The cover plate 11 is bonded to the first surface (upper surface) of the solar cell 13, and the backsheet 15 is bonded to the second surface (lower surface) of the solar cell 13. The cover plate 11 is located on the light-receiving surface of the laminate and is also called the front plate, while the backsheet 15 is located on the back surface and is also called the rear plate. The first encapsulating film 12, also called the upper encapsulating film, is disposed between the upper surface of the solar cell 13 and the lower surface of the cover plate 11. It has a certain degree of light transmittance and adhesion. The solar cell 13 is bonded to the cover plate 11 through the first encapsulating film 12. The second adhesive film 14, also known as the lower adhesive film, is disposed between the lower surface of the battery cell 13 and the upper surface of the backplate 15. It has a certain degree of light transmittance and adhesion, and the battery cell 13 is bonded to the backplate 15 through the second adhesive film 14. That is, the reliability of the bonding between the cover plate 11 and the backplate 15 and the battery cell 13 is improved through the first adhesive film 12 and the second adhesive film 14. The first adhesive film 12 and the second adhesive film 14 can be made of EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer), POE (polyoxyethylene), or EPE (Expandable Polyethylene). For example, in this embodiment, the first adhesive film 12 and the second adhesive film 14 are made of POE material, which has excellent aging resistance, low water vapor transmission rate, compressive strength, and heat resistance.

[0030] The cover plate 11 and back plate 15 are made of tempered glass with different thermal shock resistance properties, including chemically tempered glass and physically tempered glass. Chemically tempered glass is manufactured by placing the glass in molten alkali salt, causing ions in the glass surface to exchange with ions in the molten salt. Due to the volume change after ion exchange, compressive stress is formed on the glass surface and tensile stress is formed internally. When the glass is subjected to external force, the surface stress is first offset. That is, when the surface stress changes rapidly at high temperatures, only the small area where the change occurs will break, and the entire glass will not shatter. Even if the glass partially breaks, the overall structure of the component can remain intact, providing good protection against thermal breakage and strong thermal shock resistance. Physically tempered glass, also known as quenched tempered glass, is manufactured by heating the glass to a certain temperature and then rapidly immersing it in cold water to cool it. This generates tensile stress inside the glass and compressive stress on the outside. When a high-temperature flame is present externally, exceeding the tempering temperature of the physically tempered glass, its stress state becomes unbalanced, leading to overall breakage. Its thermal shock resistance is weaker, but it can fully release the high pressure inside the component when it breaks completely. In some embodiments, when the cover plate 11 is made of chemically tempered glass, the back plate 15 is made of physically tempered glass; when the cover plate 11 is made of physically tempered glass, the back plate 15 is made of chemically tempered glass. That is, by using two types of tempered glass with different fire-resistant and heat-resistant properties, under high-temperature conditions, the heat-resistant and fire-resistant performance of the module is improved by actively releasing the high-pressure gas generated inside the module under high-temperature conditions, thus ensuring the integrity of the overall module structure.

[0031] Furthermore, the cover plate 11 has a thickness of t1, and the back plate 15 has a thickness of t2, resulting in a thickness difference between them. Tempered glass of different thicknesses exhibits varying thermal shock resistance; a greater thickness generally results in better thermal shock resistance. In this embodiment, the thickness difference between the cover plate 11 and the back plate 15 is 0.2mm ≤ |t1-t2| ≤ 2.5mm. In the manufacturing process, physically tempered glass is typically thicker than chemically tempered glass, which also compensates for the weaker thermal shock resistance of physically tempered glass. When the cover plate 11 is made of chemically tempered glass and the back plate 15 is made of physically tempered glass, t1 < t2; when the cover plate 11 is made of physically tempered glass and the back plate 15 is made of chemically tempered glass, t1 > t2. In some embodiments, the thickness difference |t1-t2| between the cover plate 11 and the back plate 15 can be 0.2mm, 0.4mm, 1mm, 1.2mm, 1.6mm, or 2.5mm. When the thickness difference is less than 0.2mm, the difference in thermal shock resistance cannot be observed. When the thickness difference is greater than 2.5mm, the increased material cost of thicker tempered glass will result in higher material costs.

[0032] In summary, the cover and back plates of the laminate in this application embodiment use tempered glass with different thermal shock resistance properties and different glass thicknesses. By sacrificing the tempered glass with weaker thermal shock resistance to protect the tempered glass with stronger thermal shock resistance, the pressure is released when the tempered glass with weaker thermal shock resistance breaks completely. This active pressure relief improves the heat resistance and fire resistance of the component, ensuring that the entire component is not burned through by flames and thus avoiding safety accidents. Furthermore, it does not increase the manufacturing and maintenance costs of the component and avoids reliability risks.

[0033] In an optional embodiment, the thickness difference |t1-t2| between the cover plate 11 and the back plate 15 satisfies: 0.2mm≤|t1-t2|≤1mm.

[0034] Specifically, based on the above embodiments, the thickness difference between the cover plate 11 and the back plate 15 satisfies: 0.2mm ≤ |t1-t2| ≤ 1mm. In some embodiments, the thickness difference |t1-t2| between the cover plate 11 and the back plate 15 can be 0.2mm, 0.4mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, or 1.0mm. When the cover plate 11 is made of chemically tempered glass and the back plate 15 is made of physically tempered glass, 0.2mm ≤ t2-t1 ≤ 1mm; when the cover plate 11 is made of physically tempered glass and the back plate 15 is made of chemically tempered glass, 0.2mm ≤ t1-t2 ≤ 1mm.

[0035] In an optional embodiment, 2mm≤t1≤3.2mm, 1.1mm≤t2≤1.6mm.

[0036] Specifically, when the cover plate 11 uses physically tempered glass and the back plate 15 uses chemically tempered glass, 2mm ≤ t1 ≤ 3.2mm, and 1.1mm ≤ t2 ≤ 1.6mm. When t1 is less than 2mm or t2 is less than 1.1mm, the thermal shock resistance of the tempered glass cannot be guaranteed; when t1 is greater than 3.2mm or t2 is greater than 1.6mm, the tempered glass thickness is large, resulting in a larger component weight and material cost, which does not meet the requirements of lightweighting and economy. In some embodiments, t1 can be 2mm, 2.2mm, 2.4mm, 2.6mm, 3.0mm, or 3.2mm. t2 can be 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, 1.5mm, or 1.6mm.

[0037] Specifically, in some embodiments, t1 is 2 mm and t2 is 1.6 mm; t1 is 2 mm and t2 is 1.5 mm; t1 is 2 mm and t2 is 1.4 mm; t1 is 3 mm and t2 is 1.6 mm; t1 is 3 mm and t2 is 1.5 mm; t1 is 3 mm and t2 is 1.4 mm; t1 is 3.2 mm and t2 is 1.1 mm; t1 is 3.2 mm and t2 is 1.2 mm; t1 is 3.2 mm and t2 is 1.3 mm; t1 is 3.2 mm and t2 is 1.4 mm; t1 is 3.2 mm and t2 is 1.6 mm.

[0038] In an optional embodiment, 1.1mm≤t1≤1.6mm, 2mm≤t2≤3.2mm.

[0039] Specifically, when the cover plate 11 uses chemically tempered glass and the back plate 15 uses physically tempered glass, 1.1mm ≤ t1 ≤ 1.6mm, and 2mm ≤ t2 ≤ 3.2mm. When t1 is less than 1.1mm or t2 is less than 2mm, the thermal shock resistance of the tempered glass cannot be guaranteed; when t1 is greater than 1.6mm or t2 is greater than 2mm, the tempered glass thickness is large, resulting in a larger component weight and material cost, which does not meet the requirements of lightweighting and economy. In some embodiments, t1 can be 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, 1.5mm, or 1.6mm. t2 can be 2mm, 2.2mm, 2.4mm, 2.6mm, 3.0mm, or 3.2mm.

[0040] Specifically, in some embodiments, t2 is 2 mm and t1 is 1.6 mm; t2 is 2 mm and t1 is 1.5 mm; t2 is 2 mm and t1 is 1.4 mm; t2 is 3 mm and t1 is 1.6 mm; t2 is 3 mm and t1 is 1.5 mm; t2 is 3 mm and t1 is 1.4 mm; t2 is 3.2 mm and t1 is 1.1 mm; t2 is 3.2 mm and t1 is 1.2 mm; t2 is 3.2 mm and t1 is 1.3 mm; t2 is 3.2 mm and t1 is 1.4 mm; t2 is 3.2 mm and t1 is 1.6 mm.

[0041] In an optional embodiment, referring to FIG1, the cover plate 11 is physically tempered glass and the back plate 15 is chemically tempered glass.

[0042] Based on the above embodiments, 2mm≤t1≤3mm, 1.4mm≤t2≤1.6mm.

[0043] Specifically, when photovoltaic modules are applied to building rooftops, the backsheet 15, located on the back side of the laminate, bears the load of the laminate and is connected to the building roof, while the cover plate 11 directly impacts external snow and hail. Therefore, in this embodiment, the backsheet 15 is made of chemically tempered glass. Even if the glass partially cracks under external high-temperature impact, the integrity of the overall module structure can be maintained, reducing damage to the building roof and lowering the risk of accidents. Simultaneously, physically tempered glass improves stress impact resistance. Therefore, the cover plate 11 is made of physically tempered glass.

[0044] Specifically, 2mm ≤ t1 ≤ 3mm, and 1.4mm ≤ t2 ≤ 1.6mm. t1 can be 2mm, 2.2mm, 2.4mm, 2.6mm, 2.8mm, or 3.0mm, and t2 can be 1.4mm, 1.5mm, or 1.6mm. To improve the photovoltaic module's resistance to hail impact and its mechanical properties, the thickness of the cover plate 11 needs to be increased. In addition to using 3.0mm thick physically tempered glass, the cover plate 11 can also use 3.2mm thick physically tempered glass.

[0045] In an optional embodiment, the basis weight of the first adhesive film 12 is 250 g / m³. 2 ≤g1≤520g / m 2 And / or, the basis weight of the second film 14 is 2,250 g / m². 2 ≤g2≤520g / m 2 .

[0046] Specifically, the basis weight g1 of the first adhesive film 12 and the basis weight g2 of the second adhesive film 14 reflect the weight of the first adhesive film 12 and the second adhesive film 14 per unit area. In this embodiment, 250 g / m² 2 ≤g1g2≤520g / m 2 And / or, 250g / m 2 ≤g2≤520g / m 2 When the basis weight g1 of the first adhesive film 12 and the basis weight g2 of the second adhesive film 14 are less than 250 g / m 2 When the basis weight g1 of the first encapsulant film 12 and the basis weight g2 of the second encapsulant film 14 are greater than 520 g / m, the reliability and shock resistance of the component cannot be guaranteed, reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the component. 2 When the external temperature of the module is too high, the encapsulant film will decompose and generate more gas, causing high pressure inside the module and resulting in damage to the tempered glass. At the same time, when the encapsulant film has a large basis weight, the manufacturing cost is high and the module is heavy, which does not meet the requirements of economy and lightweighting.

[0047] In an optional embodiment, the basis weight g1 of the first adhesive film 12 satisfies: 290 g / m³ 2 ≤g1≤310g / m2 .

[0048] Specifically, based on the above embodiments, and considering factors such as component reliability and manufacturing cost, the basis weight g1 of the first adhesive film 12 is preferably 300 g / m². 2 Considering the possibility of manufacturing process errors, in some preferred embodiments, the basis weight g1 of the first adhesive film 12 satisfies: 290 g / m². 2 ≤g1≤310g / m 2 For example, the basis weight g1 of the first adhesive film 12 can be 290 g / m³. 2 295g / m 2 300g / m 2 305g / m 2 308g / m 2 Or 310g / m 2 .

[0049] In an optional embodiment, the basis weight g2 of the second adhesive film 14 satisfies: 440 g / m² 2 ≤g2≤460g / m 2 .

[0050] Specifically, since the second encapsulant film 14 is closer to the bottom of the photovoltaic module and bears more of the module's load, its basis weight g2 needs to be greater than that of the first encapsulant film 12. Considering both module reliability and manufacturing cost, the basis weight g2 of the second encapsulant film 14 is preferably 450 g / m². 2 Considering the possibility of manufacturing process errors, in some preferred embodiments, the basis weight g1 of the first adhesive film 12 satisfies: 440 g / m³. 2 ≤g1≤460g / m 2 For example, the basis weight g1 of the first adhesive film 12 can be 440 g / m³. 2 445g / m 2 450g / m 2 455g / m 2 458g / m 2 Or 460g / m 2 .

[0051] In an optional embodiment, referring to FIG1, the battery cell 13 includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series, and the thickness of a single battery cell is t3, 70μm≤t3≤180μm.

[0052] Specifically, multiple cells connected in series are suitable for applications requiring high voltage, effectively reducing module losses and increasing output power, but with lower fault tolerance. Multiple cells connected in parallel are suitable for applications requiring low voltage and high current, with higher fault tolerance, but higher operating costs. As shown in Figure 1, in this embodiment, cell 13 uses multiple monocrystalline silicon cells connected in series. These monocrystalline silicon cells are connected in series by tin-coated copper strips, and current flows sequentially through each cell. The thickness of a single cell is t3, where 70μm ≤ t3 ≤ 180μm. When the thickness t3 of a single cell is greater than 180μm, it increases the manufacturing cost of the cell and the weight of the module; when the thickness t3 of a single cell is less than 70μm, the reliability of the module cannot be guaranteed. For example, the thickness t3 of a single cell can be 70μm, 90μm, 110μm, 130μm, 150μm, or 180μm.

[0053] Referring to Figure 2, this application embodiment also discloses a photovoltaic module including the laminate 1 in the above embodiment, including a frame 2 and a laminate 1; the laminate 1 is fixed inside the frame 2.

[0054] Specifically, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, the photovoltaic module of this embodiment includes a frame 2 and a laminate 1. The laminate includes a cover plate 11, a first encapsulating film 12, a solar cell 13, a second encapsulating film 14, and a back sheet 15, which are stacked sequentially. The tempered glass cover plate 11 and back sheet 15 serve to support and protect the module. The laminate 1 is fixed in the fixing groove 21 of the frame 2. There is a certain gap between the cover plate 11 and back sheet 15 and the frame 2. The gap is filled with adhesive to enhance the fixing effect on the laminate 1. The adhesive used is silicone, polyurethane, or epoxy resin. The frame 2 should preferably have a coefficient of thermal expansion closer to that of tempered glass to avoid stress concentration caused by inconsistent thermal deformation. For example, a glass fiber organic material composite frame is used.

[0055] In an optional embodiment, referring to FIG2, the spacing between the laminate 1 and the frame 2 along the length or width direction of the photovoltaic module is a, where 5.5mm≤a≤7mm.

[0056] Specifically, as shown in Figure 2, the laminate 1 has a certain gap between itself and the inner wall of the frame fixing groove 21 along the length or width direction of the photovoltaic module. In some embodiments, the cover plate 11 has a certain gap between one side of its length and the inner wall of the fixing groove 21, or both sides have a certain gap with the inner wall of the fixing groove 21. It should be noted that when both sides of the cover plate 11 or the back plate 15 have a certain gap with the inner wall of the fixing groove 21, the spacing a is the sum of the gaps on both sides. For example, the cover plate 11 and the back plate 15 have a certain gap between the inner walls of the fixing groove 21 on both sides along the length direction, and the gaps on both sides are equal, so as to alleviate the cracking caused by the compression between the tempered glass and the frame 2 during the heat deformation process. When the spacing a is greater than 7mm, it is necessary to increase the amount of glue applied, which increases the manufacturing cost and affects the reliability of the photovoltaic module; when the spacing a is less than 5.5mm, the spacing is too small, and the assembly gap between the laminate 1 and the frame 2 cannot be guaranteed, which can easily lead to inaccurate installation. For example, the value of the spacing 'a' can be 5.5mm, 5.7mm, 6mm, 6.2mm, 6.5mm or 7mm.

[0057] Based on the above embodiments, the frame is a composite material frame containing glass fiber, wherein 5.5mm≤a≤6.5mm.

[0058] Specifically, as shown in Figure 2, when a composite material frame containing glass fiber is used, in order to improve the positioning accuracy between the frame 2 and the laminate 1 and reduce the amount of glue applied, the distance a between the cover plate 11, the back plate 15 and the frame 2 satisfies: 5.5mm≤a≤6.5mm. For example, the value of the distance a can be 5.5mm, 5.6mm, 5.8mm, 6mm, 6.2mm or 6.5mm.

[0059] The photovoltaic modules provided in this application are used in photovoltaic systems. Depending on the application scenario, the photovoltaic system can be a floating photovoltaic system, a terrestrial photovoltaic system, or a building roof photovoltaic system. For example, the photovoltaic modules in this embodiment are used in a building-integrated photovoltaic system, improving the reliability and safety of the photovoltaic system by enhancing the heat resistance and fire resistance of the photovoltaic modules.

[0060] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0061] The terms "an embodiment," "embodiment," or "one or more embodiments" as used herein mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this application. Furthermore, please note that the examples of the phrase "in one embodiment" do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment.

[0062] Numerous specific details are set forth in the specification provided herein. However, it will be understood that embodiments of this application may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures, and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification.

[0063] In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses should not be construed as limiting the claims. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in the claims. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The use of the words first, second, and third, etc., does not indicate any order. These words may be interpreted as names.

[0064] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A laminate, characterized in that, Includes cover plate, first adhesive film, battery cells, second adhesive film and back sheet; The first adhesive film is disposed between the battery cell and the cover plate, and the second adhesive film is disposed between the battery cell and the back plate; The cover plate is disposed on the first surface of the battery cell layer, and the back plate is disposed on the second surface of the battery cell layer. The cover plate is one of a chemically tempered glass plate and a physically tempered glass plate, and the back plate is the other of a chemically tempered glass plate and a physically tempered glass plate. The thickness of the cover plate is t1, and the thickness of the back plate is t2, where 0.2mm ≤ |t1-t2| ≤ 2.5mm.

2. The laminate according to claim 1, characterized in that, 0.2mm≤|t1-t2|≤1mm.

3. The laminate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, 2mm≤t1≤3.2mm, 1.1mm≤t2≤1.6mm.

4. The laminate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, 1.1mm≤t1≤1.6mm, 2mm≤t2≤3.2mm.

5. The laminate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The cover plate is made of physically tempered glass, and the back plate is made of chemically tempered glass.

6. The laminate according to claim 5, characterized in that, 2mm≤t1≤3mm, 1.4mm≤t2≤1.6mm.

7. The laminate according to any one of claims 1-2 and 6, characterized in that, The basis weight of the first film is 1 g, 250 g / m³. 2 ≤g1≤520g / m 2 And / or, the basis weight of the second film is 2,250 g / m³. 2 ≤g2≤520g / m 2 .

8. The laminate according to claim 7, characterized in that, 290g / m 2 ≤g1≤310g / m 2 。 9. The laminate according to claim 7, characterized in that, 440g / m 2 ≤g2≤460g / m 2 。 10. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, Includes the frame and the laminate as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; The laminate is fixed inside the frame.

11. The photovoltaic module according to claim 10, characterized in that, The distance between the edge of the laminate and the frame along the length or width direction of the photovoltaic module is a, where 5.5mm ≤ a ≤ 7mm.

12. The photovoltaic module according to claim 11, characterized in that, The frame is a composite material frame containing glass fiber, wherein 5.5mm≤a≤6.5mm.

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