Dehydrator based on safety interface level voting detection, dehydration method, device and medium

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of instruments for oil-gasfield surface engineering, and provides a dehydrator based on safety interface level voting detection, a dehydration method, a device, and a medium. The method comprises: using multiple interface level gauges to collect monitoring parameters of an oil-water mixture under measurement and the same safety performance parameters of the multiple interface level gauges; respectively calculating oil-water interface levels of said oil-water mixture corresponding to the interface level gauges and safety failure probabilities under different voting mechanisms; then obtaining weighted safety failure probabilities of different interface level gauges by means of weighted summation; and finally selecting the oil-water interface level of said oil-water mixture corresponding to the minimum weighted safety failure probability as a target oil-water interface level of said oil-water mixture. By dynamically evaluating the safety failure probability of each interface level gauge, and using a multi-mechanism voting and adaptive weighted fusion strategy, the present invention achieves an optimal balance between safety and detection accuracy while reducing the risk of common-cause failures of a system.

Description

Dehydrators, dehydration methods, equipment, and media based on safety boundary voting detection

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of Chinese patent application 202411979073.X, filed on December 31, 2024, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This invention relates to the field of oil and gas field surface engineering technology, specifically to a method for detecting safe boundary voting, a system for detecting safe boundary voting, an electrostatic dehydrator for heavy oil without diluent, a method for multi-field coupled electrostatic dehydration of heavy oil, an electronic device, and a computer-readable storage medium. Background Technology

[0004] In industries such as petroleum and chemical engineering, accurate detection of the oil-water interface is crucial for production safety and efficiency. Traditional oil-water interface monitoring mainly relies on various interface gauges, such as float-type, capacitive, and ultrasonic sensors. However, in actual operating conditions, oil-water mixtures often present complex compositions and variable environments, posing significant challenges to the reliability and accuracy of interface detection. Especially under high-temperature, corrosive media, or long-term operating conditions, interface gauges are prone to drift, failure, or inconsistent data, severely affecting the stability and accuracy of the monitoring system.

[0005] Currently, redundant design or multi-sensor fusion methods are commonly used to improve the reliability of boundary detection. For example, by deploying multiple boundary gauges of different types, and using majority voting mechanisms or weighted averaging algorithms to process the data, the impact of single sensor failure can be reduced. Furthermore, some schemes introduce static weight allocation or fixed threshold judgment to optimize the fusion results of boundary data. These methods improve the system's fault tolerance to some extent and reduce the risk of misjudgment.

[0006] However, existing methods for detecting oil-water interfaces based on interface gauges still have the following problems: (1) In monitoring oil-water mixtures, different interface gauges may output inconsistent interface data due to differences in working principles or local operating conditions. Traditional methods usually use a single interface gauge or simple majority voting, which is prone to misjudgment due to the failure of individual interface gauges; (2) The failure probability of interface gauges may change with the environment (such as temperature, corrosiveness of the medium) or their own aging; (3) Traditional methods tend to choose the "safest but potentially deviating from reality" interface value (such as directly taking the highest value among multiple interface gauges). This overly conservative strategy avoids accident risks but sacrifices measurement accuracy; (4) If a traditional redundant system only adopts a single voting mechanism (for example, all sensors vote according to the "two out of three" rule), when encountering common faults such as oil stains or electromagnetic interference, all sensors may fail simultaneously or drift collectively. At this time, the redundancy design will completely fail. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a dehydrator, dehydration method, equipment, and medium based on safety boundary voting detection to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for detecting safe boundary voting, comprising:

[0009] To obtain the monitoring parameters of the oil-water mixture under different interface gauges and the same safety performance parameters of different interface gauges;

[0010] Based on the monitoring parameters of the oil-water mixture to be tested under each interface gauge, the oil-water interface position of the oil-water mixture to be tested corresponding to each interface gauge is determined;

[0011] Based on the same safety performance parameters of each level gauge, determine the probability of safety failure of each level gauge under different voting mechanisms;

[0012] The weighted safety failure probability of each level gauge under different voting mechanisms is obtained by weighted summation; wherein, the weighted safety failure probability of each level gauge corresponds one-to-one with the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture to be detected.

[0013] The minimum weighted safety failure probability among the weighted safety failure probabilities of different interface gauges is determined as the target weighted safety failure probability, and the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture to be tested corresponding to the target weighted safety failure probability is taken as the target oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture to be tested.

[0014] Optionally, different boundary gauges include: radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges.

[0015] Optionally, the monitoring parameters of the oil-water mixture to be tested under different interface gauges include: the comprehensive characterization value of dielectric induction of the oil-water mixture to be tested at different heights under the radio frequency admittance interface gauge, the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the oil-water mixture to be tested under the differential pressure interface gauge, and the time required for the oil-water mixture to be tested to receive pulse signals under the guided wave radar interface gauge.

[0016] Based on the monitoring parameters of the oil-water mixture to be detected under each interface level gauge, the oil-water interface level of the oil-water mixture to be detected corresponding to each interface level gauge is determined, including:

[0017] Based on the comprehensive dielectric induction characterization value of the oil-water mixture under test at different heights and the preset height of the oil-water mixture under test using the radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, the oil-water boundary corresponding to the radio frequency admittance boundary gauge is determined; wherein, the comprehensive dielectric induction characterization value includes conductivity and susceptance;

[0018] Based on the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the oil-water mixture to be tested under the differential pressure interface gauge and the preset height of the oil-water mixture to be tested, the oil-water interface corresponding to the differential pressure interface gauge is determined.

[0019] Based on the time required for the oil-water mixture to receive the pulse signal under the guided wave radar boundary marker and the preset blank height, the oil-water boundary corresponding to the guided wave radar boundary marker is determined; wherein, the time required for the oil-water mixture to receive the pulse signal is the running time from the pulse signal emitted by the guided wave radar boundary marker to the reflection of the oil-water mixture to the guided wave radar boundary marker.

[0020] Optionally, based on the comprehensive dielectric induction characterization values ​​of the oil-water mixture under test at different heights and the preset height of the oil-water mixture under test using the RF admittance level gauge, the oil-water interface corresponding to the RF admittance level gauge is determined, including:

[0021] Using the following formula, the dielectric induction comprehensive characterization value of the oil-water mixture under the radio frequency admittance level gauge at different heights and the preset height of the oil-water mixture under the test are calculated to obtain the oil-water interface corresponding to the radio frequency admittance level gauge;

[0022] Where H1 represents the oil-water interface corresponding to the RF admittance level gauge, ε 测 ε represents the comprehensive dielectric induction characterization value of the oil-water mixture under test in a radio frequency admittance level gauge at different heights. 油 The dielectric constant of the oil is represented by H, the preset height of the oil-water mixture to be tested is represented by ε. 水 This represents the dielectric constant of water.

[0023] Optionally, based on the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the oil-water mixture to be tested under the differential pressure interface gauge and the preset height of the oil-water mixture to be tested, the oil-water interface corresponding to the differential pressure interface gauge is determined, including:

[0024] Using the following formula, the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the oil-water mixture to be tested and the preset height of the oil-water mixture to be tested under the differential pressure interface gauge are calculated to obtain the oil-water interface corresponding to the differential pressure interface gauge.

[0025] Where H2 represents the oil-water interface corresponding to the differential pressure interface gauge, ΔP represents the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the oil-water mixture to be detected under the differential pressure interface gauge, g represents the acceleration due to gravity, and ρ 油 H represents the density of the oil, H represents the preset height of the oil-water mixture to be tested, and ρ represents the density of the oil. 水 This indicates the density of water.

[0026] Optionally, based on the time required for the oil-water mixture to be detected to receive the pulse signal under the guided wave radar interface gauge and the preset blank marker height, the oil-water interface corresponding to the guided wave radar interface gauge is determined, including:

[0027] The following formula is used to calculate the time required for the oil-water mixture to be detected to receive the pulse signal under the guided wave radar boundary gauge and the preset blank height, so as to obtain the oil-water boundary corresponding to the guided wave radar boundary gauge.

[0028] Where H3 represents the oil-water interface corresponding to the guided wave radar interface gauge, E represents the preset blank marker height, c represents the speed of light, and t represents the time required for the oil-water mixture to be detected to receive the pulse signal under the guided wave radar interface gauge.

[0029] Optionally, the same safety performance parameters include: detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, restart time after shutdown, common failure factor, periodic functional test interval and online repair time;

[0030] Based on the same safety performance parameters of all level gauges, determine the probability of safety failure of each level gauge under different voting mechanisms, including:

[0031] For various level gauges:

[0032] Based on the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, and restart time after shutdown of the boundary gauge, the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under the single instrument voting mechanism is determined.

[0033] Based on the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, and restart time after shutdown of the boundary gauge, the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under the dual-instrument consensus voting mechanism is determined.

[0034] Based on the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval and online repair time of the boundary gauge, the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under the dual-instrument majority voting mechanism is determined.

[0035] Based on the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval and online repair time of the boundary gauge, the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under the three-instrument majority voting mechanism is determined.

[0036] Optionally, based on the detectable safety failure probability, the undetected safety failure probability, and the restart time after shutdown of the boundary gauge, the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under the single-instrument voting mechanism is determined, including:

[0037] Using the following formulas, the probability of detectable safety failure, the probability of undetected safety failure, and the restart time after shutdown of the boundary gauge are calculated to obtain the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under the single-instrument voting mechanism.

[0038] PFS 1001 =λ SD *TS+λ SU *TS; where PFS 1001 λ represents the safety failure probability of the level gauge under a single-instrument voting mechanism. SD λ represents the probability of a detectable safety failure of the level gauge. SU TS represents the probability of an undetected safety failure of the boundary gauge, and TS represents the restart time of the boundary gauge after it stops.

[0039] Optionally, based on the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, and restart time after shutdown of the boundary gauge, the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under the dual-instrument consensus voting mechanism is determined, including:

[0040] Using the following formulas, the probability of detectable safety failure, the probability of undetected safety failure, the common failure factor, and the restart time after shutdown of the boundary gauge are calculated to obtain the probability of safety failure of the boundary gauge under the dual-instrument consensus voting mechanism.

[0041] PFS 1002 =[λ SU *β+λ SD *β+2*λ SD *(1-β)+2*λ SU *(1-β)]*TS; where PFS 1002 λ represents the safety failure probability of the level gauge under the dual-instrument consensus voting mechanism. SD λ represents the probability of a detectable safety failure of the level gauge. SUβ represents the probability of undetected safety failure of the boundary gauge, β represents the common failure factor of the boundary gauge, and TS represents the restart time of the boundary gauge after shutdown.

[0042] Optionally, based on the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval, and online repair time of the boundary gauge, the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under the dual-instrument majority voting mechanism is determined, including:

[0043] Using the following formulas, the probability of detectable safety failure, probability of undetected safety failure, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval time and online repair time of the boundary gauge are calculated to obtain the probability of safety failure of the boundary gauge under the dual-instrument majority voting mechanism.

[0044] PFS 2002 =λ SU *β*TS+λ SD *β*TS+[λ SD *(1-β)*RT+λ SU *(1-β)*T1];wherein, PFS 2002 surface

[0045] The probability of safety failure of the level gauge under a dual-instrument majority voting mechanism is λ. SD The detectable safety failure probability of the level gauge, λ SU β represents the probability of undetected safety failure of the boundary position gauge, β represents the common failure factor of the boundary position gauge, TS represents the restart time of the boundary position gauge after shutdown, RT represents the online repair time of the boundary position gauge, and T1 represents the periodic functional test interval of the boundary position gauge.

[0046] Optionally, based on the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval, and online repair time of the boundary gauge, the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under the three-instrument majority voting mechanism is determined, including:

[0047] Using the following formulas, the probability of detectable safety failure, the probability of undetected safety failure, the common failure factor, the restart time after shutdown, the periodic functional test interval, and the online repair time of the boundary gauge are calculated to obtain the probability of safety failure of the boundary gauge under the three-instrument majority voting mechanism.

[0048] PFS 2003 =3*λ SU *β*TS+3*λ SD *β*TS+3*[λ SD *(1-β)*RT+λ SU *(1-β)*T1] 2Among them, PFS 2003 λ represents the probability of safety failure of the level gauge under a three-instrument majority voting mechanism. SD λ represents the probability of a detectable safety failure of the level gauge. SU β represents the probability of undetected safety failure of the boundary position gauge, β represents the common failure factor of the boundary position gauge, TS represents the restart time of the boundary position gauge after shutdown, RT represents the online repair time of the boundary position gauge, and T1 represents the periodic functional test interval of the boundary position gauge.

[0049] Optionally, the probability of an undetected safety failure of the level gauge is calculated as follows:

[0050] Obtain the component failure probability, safety failure rate, and diagnostic coverage of the level gauge;

[0051] The following formulas are used to calculate the component failure probability, safety failure ratio, and diagnostic coverage of the interface level gauge, thus obtaining the probability of undetected safety failure of the interface level gauge.

[0052] λ SU =λ*(1-Q)*(1-DC); where, λ SU λ represents the probability of undetected safety failure of the boundary level gauge, Q represents the safety failure rate of the boundary level gauge, and DC represents the diagnostic coverage of the boundary level gauge.

[0053] Optionally, the probability of a detectable safety failure of the level gauge is calculated in the following way:

[0054] Obtain the component failure probability, safety failure rate, and diagnostic coverage of the level gauge;

[0055] The following formulas are used to calculate the component failure probability, safety failure ratio, and diagnostic coverage of the interface level gauge, thus obtaining the detectable safety failure probability of the interface level gauge.

[0056] λ SD =λ*(1-Q)*DC; where λ SD λ represents the detectable safety failure probability of the boundary level gauge, Q represents the safety failure rate of the boundary level gauge, and DC represents the diagnostic coverage of the boundary level gauge.

[0057] In a second aspect of the present invention, a safety boundary voting detection system is provided, comprising:

[0058] Interface measurement instruments are used to obtain monitoring parameters of the oil-water mixture under different interface gauges, as well as the same safety performance parameters of different interface gauges;

[0059] The interface measurement instrument is also used to determine the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture to be tested corresponding to each interface gauge based on the monitoring parameters of the oil-water mixture to be tested under each interface gauge;

[0060] The calculation module is used to determine the probability of safety failure of each level gauge under different voting mechanisms based on the same safety performance parameters of each level gauge.

[0061] The calculation module is also used to perform a weighted summation of the safety failure probabilities of each boundary gauge under different voting mechanisms to obtain the weighted safety failure probability of each boundary gauge; wherein, the weighted safety failure probability of each boundary gauge corresponds one-to-one with the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture to be detected.

[0062] The calculation module is also used to determine the minimum weighted safety failure probability among the weighted safety failure probabilities of different interface gauges as the target weighted safety failure probability, and to take the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture to be tested corresponding to the target weighted safety failure probability as the target oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture to be tested.

[0063] In a third aspect of the present invention, a heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent is provided, comprising:

[0064] The shell contains a degassing chamber and a dehydration chamber. The two ends of the dehydration chamber are separated from the degassing chamber by partitions. The dehydration chamber is also equipped with the aforementioned safety boundary voting detection system.

[0065] An oil-water conveying mechanism, located inside the dehydration chamber, is used to convey the oil-water mixture to the oil-water separation mechanism;

[0066] An oil-water separation mechanism is located inside the dehydration chamber and is used to separate oil and water mixtures.

[0067] The oil-water conveying mechanism is also used to transport the separated oil and water to the outside of the casing.

[0068] Optionally, the oil-water conveying mechanism includes: crude oil inlet pipeline, oil inlet pipeline, vertical oil inlet pipe, oil inlet distribution pipe, oil outlet manifold, water outlet manifold, exhaust pipeline, drop aeration mechanism, first exhaust outlet and second exhaust outlet;

[0069] The crude oil inlet pipeline is located inside the degassing chamber, the input end of the crude oil inlet pipeline is located outside the degassing chamber, and a drop aeration mechanism fixed to the bottom of the degassing chamber is installed below the output end of the crude oil inlet pipeline.

[0070] The oil inlet pipe, vertical oil inlet pipe, and oil inlet distribution pipe are all located inside the dehydration chamber. A partition hole is provided on one end of the partition plate. One end of the oil inlet pipe is connected to the partition hole, and the other end of the oil inlet pipe is connected to one end of the vertical oil inlet pipe. The other end of the vertical oil inlet pipe is connected to the oil inlet distribution pipe. Multiple rows of downward-sloping liquid outlet holes are provided below the oil inlet distribution pipe.

[0071] The oil outlet manifold is located at the top of the dehydration chamber. One end of the oil outlet manifold passes through the degassing chamber and the shell. Multiple rows of downward-facing oil collection holes are provided below the oil outlet manifold.

[0072] The water outlet manifold is located at the bottom of the dehydration chamber and below the oil inlet distribution pipe. One end of the water outlet manifold passes through the degassing chamber and the shell, and multiple rows of water collection holes are provided above the water outlet manifold.

[0073] The exhaust pipe is located at the top of the dehydration chamber. One end of the exhaust pipe passes through the shell, and the other end passes through the partition at one end.

[0074] The first exhaust outlet is located at the top of the degassing chamber, and the second exhaust outlet is located at the top of the dehydration chamber.

[0075] Optionally, the inlet end of the crude oil inlet pipeline is connected to one end of the bottom of the symmetrical inverted T-shaped pipe, and a flow divider is provided at the longitudinal central axis of the symmetrical inverted T-shaped pipe, with a flow turbulence element provided above the flow divider.

[0076] Optionally, the cascading aeration mechanism is a crescent-shaped baffle.

[0077] Optionally, a buffer compartment is provided at the connection between the vertical oil inlet pipe and the oil inlet distribution pipe, and the buffer compartment is filled with a porous media material.

[0078] Optionally, each liquid outlet is symmetrically distributed along the longitudinal central axis of the oil inlet distribution pipe, and the diameter of each liquid outlet increases sequentially from the longitudinal central axis of the oil inlet distribution pipe to both sides.

[0079] Optionally, exhaust valves are provided at both the first exhaust outlet and the second exhaust outlet.

[0080] Optionally, the oil-water separation mechanism includes a multi-layer electrode plate, which is disposed between the oil inlet pipe and the oil outlet manifold.

[0081] Optionally, the multilayer electrode plate includes six layers, and the electric fields formed between the electrode plates from bottom to top are, respectively, a low-voltage high-frequency pulse electric field, a high-voltage high-frequency pulse electric field, a first thermochemical field and a first gravitational field, a DC electric field, a second thermochemical field and a second gravitational field.

[0082] Optionally, the oil-water conveying mechanism also includes: an oil outlet pipeline, an exhaust branch pipe, an emergency relief pipe, a qualified oil storage tank, a non-qualified oil storage tank, a dehydration chamber level gauge, a dehydration chamber pressure gauge, an oil pressure regulating valve, a flow regulating valve, a level and pressure switch valve, and a control module;

[0083] One end of the oil outlet pipeline is connected to the oil outlet manifold, and the other end of the oil outlet pipeline passes through the shell and connects to the qualified oil storage tank. One end of the exhaust branch pipe is connected to the dehydration chamber, and the other end of the exhaust branch pipe is connected to the oil outlet pipeline. One end of the emergency relief pipe is connected to the unqualified oil storage tank, and the other end of the emergency relief pipe passes through the degassing chamber and the shell and connects to the dehydration chamber. The dehydration chamber level gauge is installed inside the dehydration chamber, and the dehydration chamber pressure gauge is installed on the second exhaust outlet. An oil pressure regulating valve is installed on the oil outlet pipeline, a flow regulating valve is installed on the exhaust branch pipe, and a level pressure switch valve is installed on the emergency relief pipe. The dehydration chamber level gauge, dehydration chamber pressure gauge, safety boundary detection system, oil pressure regulating valve, flow regulating valve, and level pressure switch valve are all connected to the control module.

[0084] Optionally, the dehydration chamber level gauge is used to monitor the liquid level height of the oil-water mixture inside the dehydration chamber;

[0085] The dehydration chamber pressure gauge is used to monitor the pressure inside the dehydration chamber;

[0086] The safety boundary voting detection system is used to measure the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture inside the dehydration chamber;

[0087] The control module is also used to perform proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the pressure inside the dehydration chamber and the preset pressure to generate an oil pressure regulating valve opening adjustment command.

[0088] The control module is also used to perform proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the pressure inside the dehydration chamber and the preset pressure, as well as the difference between the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture inside the dehydration chamber and the preset oil-water interface, to generate a flow regulating valve opening adjustment command.

[0089] The control module is also used to perform proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the liquid level height of the oil-water mixture inside the dehydration chamber and the preset height, or the difference between the pressure inside the dehydration chamber and the preset pressure, to generate flow, liquid level, and pressure switching valve opening adjustment commands.

[0090] The hydraulic pressure regulating valve is used to control the opening degree of the hydraulic pressure regulating valve when it receives an opening degree adjustment command.

[0091] The flow control valve is used to control the opening degree of the flow control valve when it receives a flow control valve opening degree adjustment command;

[0092] The level pressure switch valve is used to control the opening degree of the level pressure switch valve when it receives a flow rate level pressure switch valve opening degree adjustment command.

[0093] In a fourth aspect of the present invention, a multi-field coupled electro-dehydration method for heavy oil is provided, based on the aforementioned electro-dehydrator for heavy oil without diluent. The oil-water separation mechanism includes a multi-layer electrode plate, which comprises six layers, including:

[0094] The oil-water mixture is initially dehydrated by the low-voltage, high-frequency pulsed electric field generated by the first and second electrode plates to obtain pre-dehydrated oil.

[0095] The oil after initial dehydration is subjected to secondary dehydration by a high-voltage, high-frequency pulsed electric field generated by the second and third electrode plates, resulting in oil after secondary dehydration.

[0096] The oil after secondary dehydration is subjected to a third dehydration by the first thermochemical field and the first gravitational field generated by the third and fourth electrode plates, resulting in oil after three dehydrations.

[0097] The oil after three dehydrations is dehydrated four times by the DC electric field generated by the fourth and fifth electrode plates to obtain oil after four dehydrations.

[0098] The oil after four dehydration processes is finally dehydrated by the second thermochemical field and the second gravitational field generated by the fifth and sixth electrode plates to obtain the final dehydrated oil.

[0099] Optionally, the oil-water mixture is preliminarily dehydrated by a low-voltage, high-frequency pulsed electric field generated by the first and second electrode plates to obtain preliminarily dehydrated oil, comprising:

[0100] The oil-water mixture enters the degassing chamber through the crude oil inlet pipe. The water droplet aeration mechanism causes the oil-water mixture to form dispersed droplets and release dissolved gas, which is then discharged through the top first exhaust outlet.

[0101] The degassed oil-water mixture enters the oil inlet pipe and vertical oil inlet pipe of the dehydration chamber through the partition holes on the partition plate, and is evenly distributed at the bottom of the dehydration chamber through the inclined liquid outlet holes of the oil inlet distribution pipe.

[0102] The degassed oil-water mixture at the bottom of the dehydration chamber enters the low-voltage, high-frequency pulsed electric field at the bottom of the dehydration chamber, causing the degassed oil-water mixture to break down and dehydrate. The dehydrated water droplets coalesce into free water, and after the free water settles to the bottom of the dehydration chamber, the initially dehydrated oil is obtained.

[0103] Optionally, the oil after preliminary dehydration is subjected to a secondary dehydration by a high-voltage, high-frequency pulsed electric field generated by the second and third electrode plates to obtain a secondary dehydrated oil, comprising:

[0104] After initial dehydration, the oil continues to rise in the dehydration chamber and enters the high-voltage, high-frequency pulsed electric field region at the bottom of the dehydration chamber, causing the oil to break emulsion and dehydrate, and the water droplets released coalesce into free water.

[0105] After the free water settles, it is discharged through the water collection hole of the outlet manifold to obtain the oil after secondary dehydration. The control module performs proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the pressure inside the dehydration chamber and the preset pressure to adjust the opening of the oil pressure regulating valve.

[0106] Optionally, the oil after secondary dehydration is subjected to a third dehydration through a first thermochemical field and a first gravitational field generated by the third and fourth electrode plates, resulting in a third dehydrated oil, comprising:

[0107] After secondary dehydration, the oil enters the first thermochemical field and the first gravitational field in the middle of the dehydration chamber;

[0108] Heating the dehydration chamber raises the temperature of the oil after secondary dehydration in the middle of the chamber, thereby reducing the viscosity of the oil after secondary dehydration.

[0109] The mechanical strength of the oil-water interface film is destroyed by injecting a demulsifier through a first thermochemical field.

[0110] After secondary dehydration, the oil is subjected to the first gravitational field, causing water droplets to coalesce into free water. After the free water settles, it is discharged through the water collection hole of the water outlet pipe, resulting in oil after tertiary dehydration.

[0111] Optionally, the oil after three dehydrations is subjected to a fourth dehydration by a DC electric field generated by the fourth and fifth electrode plates, resulting in an oil after four dehydrations, comprising:

[0112] After three dehydration processes, the oil enters the DC electric field at the top of the dehydration chamber, causing the oil to undergo demulsification and dehydration, and the water droplets released coalesce into free water.

[0113] After the free water settles, it is discharged through the water collection hole of the outlet manifold, resulting in oil after four dehydration processes. The oil after four dehydration processes is collected through the oil collection hole of the oil outlet manifold.

[0114] The control module performs proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the liquid level of the oil-water mixture inside the dehydration chamber and the preset height, or the difference between the pressure inside the dehydration chamber and the preset pressure, to adjust the opening of the liquid level pressure switch valve.

[0115] Optionally, the oil after four dehydration processes is subjected to a final dehydration using a second thermochemical field and a second gravitational field generated by the fifth and sixth electrode plates, resulting in a final dehydrated oil, comprising:

[0116] After four dehydration processes, the oil enters the second thermochemical field in the upper part of the dehydration chamber.

[0117] Under the influence of the second gravitational field in the dehydration chamber, the water droplets in the oil after four dehydrations completely settle and separate, resulting in the final dehydrated oil, which then enters the qualified oil storage tank through the oil outlet pipeline.

[0118] The control module performs proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the pressure inside the dehydration chamber and the preset pressure, as well as the difference between the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture inside the dehydration chamber and the preset oil-water interface, to control the opening degree of the flow regulating valve.

[0119] Optionally, the parameters of the low-voltage high-frequency pulsed electric field are: electric field strength 50-200V / cm, pulse width ratio 0.4-0.6, electric field frequency 1-3kHz, and settling time 5-20min;

[0120] The parameters of the high-voltage high-frequency pulsed electric field are: electric field strength 400-1200V / cm, pulse width ratio 0.4-0.6, electric field frequency 1-3kHz, and settling time 5-20min;

[0121] The parameters of the DC electric field are: electric field strength 400-1200 V / cm and settling time 5-20 min;

[0122] The parameters for the first thermochemical field and the first gravitational field are: duration of action 10–25 min;

[0123] The parameters for the second thermochemical field and the second gravitational field are: duration of action 10–25 min.

[0124] In a fifth aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, comprising: a processor and a memory, the memory storing machine-readable instructions executable by the processor, wherein the machine-readable instructions, when executed by the processor, perform the above-described security boundary voting detection method.

[0125] In a sixth aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, which stores computer instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the above-described security boundary voting detection method.

[0126] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0127] (1) By comprehensively analyzing the safety failure probability of each boundary gauge under different voting mechanisms and assigning corresponding weights, the boundary measurement value with the best comprehensive safety performance is finally calculated. Thus, when multiple sensor data are inconsistent, the measurement result with the highest reliability can be automatically selected, which not only ensures safety but also improves detection accuracy.

[0128] (2) By continuously inputting safety performance parameters, the probability of safety failure of each sensor is dynamically calculated to avoid weight bias caused by static evaluation.

[0129] (3) Instead of simply taking the lowest security failure probability, the weighted security failure probability is calculated by weighted summation. Instead, the boundary value with the smallest weighted security failure probability is selected, which is the boundary value with the smallest comprehensive security risk. This balances security and data credibility, and achieves an optimal balance between security and accuracy.

[0130] (4) By introducing a multi-voting mechanism for weighted evaluation, different failure modes can be evaluated differently, significantly reducing the risk of common failures.

[0131] Other features and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0132] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate embodiments of the present invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the embodiments of the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0133] Figure 1 is a flowchart illustrating the safe boundary voting detection method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0134] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heavy oil electro-dehydrator without diluent provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0135] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the heavy oil electro-dehydrator without diluent provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0136] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the oil inlet manifold provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0137] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the water outlet manifold provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0138] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the oil outlet manifold provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0139] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the symmetrical inverted T-shaped tube provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0140] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the electric field arrangement of the electrode plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0141] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heavy oil electro-dehydrator without diluent provided in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0142] Figure 10 is a schematic flowchart of the multi-field coupled electro-dehydration method for heavy oil provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0143] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-Shell; 2-Degassing chamber; 3-Dehydration chamber; 4-Baffle; 5-Crude oil inlet pipe; 6-Oil inlet pipe; 7-Vertical oil inlet pipe; 8-Oil inlet distribution pipe; 9-Oil outlet manifold; 10-Water outlet manifold; 11-Exhaust pipe; 12-Cascading aeration mechanism; 13-First exhaust outlet; 14-Second exhaust outlet; 15-Symmetrical inverted T-shaped pipe; 16-Diverter baffle; 17-Breakpoint; 18-Electrode plate; 19-Oil outlet pipe; 20-Exhaust branch pipe; 21-Emergency relief pipe; 22-Qualified oil storage tank; 23-Unqualified oil storage tank; 24-Dehydration chamber level gauge; 25-Dehydration chamber pressure gauge; 26-Oil pressure regulating valve; 27-Flow regulating valve; 28-Level and pressure switch valve; 29-First check valve; 30-Second check valve. Detailed Implementation

[0144] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0145] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit this application.

[0146] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0147] Example 1

[0148] Please refer to Figure 1, which is a flowchart illustrating the safety boundary voting detection method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The method includes the following steps:

[0149] S100, to obtain the monitoring parameters of the oil-water mixture to be tested under different interface gauges and the same safety performance parameters of different interface gauges;

[0150] In one embodiment, different boundary gauges include: radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges, etc.

[0151] It should be noted that the embodiments of the invention are merely illustrative examples of determining the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture to be detected based on the monitoring parameters and safety performance parameters corresponding to the three types of interface meters: radio frequency admittance interface meter, differential pressure interface meter, and guided wave radar interface meter. Of course, other interface meters can also be used, and even newly developed interface meters in the future are also included.

[0152] The monitoring parameters of the oil-water mixture under different boundary gauges include: the comprehensive characterization value of dielectric induction of the oil-water mixture under different heights under the radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the oil-water mixture under the differential pressure boundary gauge, and the time required for the oil-water mixture under the guided wave radar boundary gauge to receive pulse signals.

[0153] Radio frequency admittance boundary gauges apply high-frequency radio frequency signals to oil-water mixtures to measure conductivity (reflecting the conductivity of the medium) and susceptance (reflecting the dielectric properties) at different heights. By utilizing the significant differences between oil (low conductivity, low dielectric) and water (high conductivity, high dielectric), the interface location can be accurately identified. When the sensor moves from the oil layer to the water layer, the conductivity and susceptance values ​​will suddenly increase. By capturing this abrupt change, the boundary height can be determined.

[0154] Differential pressure interface gauges determine the interface location by measuring the pressure difference between the top and bottom of an oil-water mixture. Since oil and water have different densities (oil has a lower density and water has a higher density), the bottom pressure is caused by the combined static pressure of the water layer height and the oil layer height. The pressure difference is proportional to the density difference between the two and the interface height. By calculating the pressure difference and combining it with the known density, the actual location of the oil-water interface can be deduced. It is suitable for working conditions with clear stratification and significant density differences, but attention should be paid to the influence of temperature changes on density and the accuracy of the installation position.

[0155] Guided wave radar interface gauges transmit high-frequency electromagnetic pulse signals that propagate along a waveguide. When the signal encounters the interface of an oil-water mixture (due to the significant difference in dielectric constants between oil and water), some of the energy is reflected back to the probe. By accurately measuring the time difference between the transmission and reception of the pulse signal, and combining this with the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the medium (which is related to the dielectric constant), the position and height of the oil-water interface can be calculated. This method has strong anti-interference capabilities and is suitable for complex working conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, or foam. However, it requires high clarity of the medium stratification; if the oil and water are emulsified, the measurement accuracy may be affected.

[0156] The common safety performance parameters of different level gauges include: probability of detectable safety failure, probability of undetected safety failure, restart time after shutdown, common failure factor, periodic functional test interval and online repair time.

[0157] The detectable safety failure probability of a boundary level gauge refers to the probability of a dangerous failure occurring within the gauge that can be automatically detected. These failures are considered hazardous, meaning they may prevent the system from performing safety functions when needed, but can be detected promptly through built-in diagnostic mechanisms. For example, a sensor malfunction might be identified by an online monitoring system and trigger an alarm, allowing for timely repairs and thus reducing the overall system risk.

[0158] The probability of undetected safety failure in a boundary level gauge refers to the probability that a dangerous failure occurs within the gauge but is not automatically detected. These failures typically require periodic testing or manual inspection to be discovered. For example, a latent fault in a redundant control module, if not detected by the diagnostic system, could lead to the system failing to respond correctly in hazardous situations.

[0159] The restart time after a stop of a boundary position gauge refers to the total time required for the gauge to return to normal operation from a stopped state after being triggered by a stop (such as an emergency stop). This includes the time for fault diagnosis, repair, system self-test, and manual reset.

[0160] Common failure factors of interface gauges refer to the factors that interface gauges commonly face, leading to measurement failure or performance degradation, including but not limited to: changes in media characteristics, environmental interference, installation / maintenance defects, insufficient design redundancy, etc.

[0161] The periodic functional test interval of the boundary level gauge refers to the fixed time period during which the equipment is functionally tested and calibrated according to preset rules to ensure the continuous accurate and reliable operation of the boundary level gauge.

[0162] The online repair time of a boundary gauge refers to the average time taken from fault identification to completion of repair and restoration of function after a fault occurs while the boundary gauge is in operation, without requiring process shutdown.

[0163] S200, based on the monitoring parameters of the oil-water mixture to be detected under each interface gauge, determines the oil-water interface position of the oil-water mixture to be detected corresponding to each interface gauge;

[0164] In one embodiment, step S200 includes:

[0165] S210, based on the comprehensive dielectric induction characterization value of the oil-water mixture to be tested at different heights under the radio frequency admittance boundary level gauge and the preset height of the oil-water mixture to be tested, the oil-water boundary level corresponding to the radio frequency admittance boundary level gauge is determined; wherein, the comprehensive dielectric induction characterization value includes conductivity and susceptance;

[0166] Specifically, the following formula is used to calculate the comprehensive dielectric induction characterization value of the oil-water mixture under the radio frequency admittance level gauge at different heights and the preset height of the oil-water mixture under the radio frequency admittance level gauge, so as to obtain the oil-water interface corresponding to the radio frequency admittance level gauge.

[0167] Where H1 represents the oil-water interface corresponding to the RF admittance level gauge, ε 测 ε represents the comprehensive dielectric induction characterization value of the oil-water mixture under test in a radio frequency admittance level gauge at different heights. 油 The dielectric constant of the oil is represented by H, the preset height of the oil-water mixture to be tested is represented by ε. 水 This represents the dielectric constant of water.

[0168] S220, based on the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the oil-water mixture to be tested under the differential pressure interface gauge and the preset height of the oil-water mixture to be tested, determine the oil-water interface corresponding to the differential pressure interface gauge;

[0169] Specifically, the following formula is used to calculate the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the oil-water mixture to be tested under the differential pressure interface gauge and the preset height of the oil-water mixture to be tested, so as to obtain the oil-water interface corresponding to the differential pressure interface gauge.

[0170] Where H2 represents the oil-water interface corresponding to the differential pressure interface gauge, ΔP represents the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the oil-water mixture to be detected under the differential pressure interface gauge, g represents the acceleration due to gravity, and ρ 油 H represents the density of the oil, H represents the preset height of the oil-water mixture to be tested, and ρ represents the density of the oil. 水 This indicates the density of water.

[0171] S230, based on the time required for the oil-water mixture to be detected to receive the pulse signal under the guided wave radar boundary marker and the preset blank height, the oil-water boundary position corresponding to the guided wave radar boundary marker is determined; wherein, the time required for the oil-water mixture to be detected to receive the pulse signal is the running time from the pulse signal emitted by the guided wave radar boundary marker to the reflection of the oil-water mixture to be detected to the guided wave radar boundary marker.

[0172] Specifically, the following formula is used to calculate the time required for the oil-water mixture to be detected to receive the pulse signal under the guided wave radar boundary gauge and the preset blank height, so as to obtain the oil-water boundary corresponding to the guided wave radar boundary gauge.

[0173] Where H3 represents the oil-water interface corresponding to the guided wave radar interface gauge, E represents the preset blank marker height, c represents the speed of light, and t represents the time required for the oil-water mixture to be detected to receive the pulse signal under the guided wave radar interface gauge.

[0174] S300, based on the same safety performance parameters of each level gauge, determines the probability of safety failure of each level gauge under different voting mechanisms;

[0175] It should be noted that the parameters required for calculating the safety failure probability of different boundary gauges under different voting mechanisms are the same, and the calculation process is also identical. The following details how to calculate the safety failure probability of boundary gauges using four voting mechanisms.

[0176] In addition, it should be noted that in the embodiments of the present invention, the number of voting mechanisms will increase with the number of level gauges. For example, there will be four voting mechanisms corresponding to three level gauges, and so on.

[0177] Furthermore, it should be noted that although this application only proposes calculation formulas for the safety failure probability under four voting mechanisms for three level gauges, and does not disclose calculation formulas for the safety failure probability of level gauges under N instrument voting mechanisms, this does not mean that the present invention can only have calculation formulas for the safety failure probability under the aforementioned four voting mechanisms. Calculation formulas for the safety failure probability of level gauges under any other voting mechanism should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

[0178] In one embodiment, step S300 includes:

[0179] For various level gauges:

[0180] S310, based on the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, and restart time after shutdown of the interface gauge, determine the safety failure probability of the interface gauge under the single instrument voting mechanism;

[0181] Specifically, the following formulas are used to calculate the detectable safety failure probability, the undetected safety failure probability, and the restart time after shutdown of the boundary gauge, so as to obtain the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under the single instrument voting mechanism.

[0182] PFS 1001 =λ SD *TS+λ SU *TS; where PFS 1001 λ represents the safety failure probability of the level gauge under a single-instrument voting mechanism. SD λ represents the probability of a detectable safety failure of the level gauge. SU TS represents the probability of an undetected safety failure of the boundary gauge, and TS represents the restart time of the boundary gauge after it stops.

[0183] S320, based on the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor and restart time after shutdown of the boundary gauge, determines the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under the dual-instrument consensus voting mechanism;

[0184] Specifically, the following formulas are used to calculate the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, and restart time after shutdown of the boundary gauge, so as to obtain the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under the dual-instrument consensus voting mechanism.

[0185] PFS 1002 =[λ SU *β+λ SD *β+2*λ SD *(1-β)+2*λ SU *(1-β)]*TS; where PFS 1002 λ represents the safety failure probability of the level gauge under the dual-instrument consensus voting mechanism. SD λ represents the probability of a detectable safety failure of the level gauge. SU β represents the probability of undetected safety failure of the boundary gauge, β represents the common failure factor of the boundary gauge, and TS represents the restart time of the boundary gauge after shutdown.

[0186] S330, based on the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval and online repair time of the boundary gauge, determines the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under the dual-instrument majority voting mechanism;

[0187] Specifically, the following formulas are used to calculate the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval time and online repair time of the boundary gauge, so as to obtain the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under the dual-instrument majority voting mechanism.

[0188] PFS 2002 =λ SU *β*TS+λ SD *β*TS+[λ SD *(1-β)*RT+λ SU *(1-β)*T1];wherein, PFS 2002 surface

[0189] The probability of safety failure of the level gauge under a dual-instrument majority voting mechanism is λ. SD The detectable safety failure probability of the level gauge, λ SU β represents the probability of undetected safety failure of the boundary position gauge, β represents the common failure factor of the boundary position gauge, TS represents the restart time of the boundary position gauge after shutdown, RT represents the online repair time of the boundary position gauge, and T1 represents the periodic functional test interval of the boundary position gauge.

[0190] S340 determines the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under a three-instrument majority voting mechanism based on the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval, and online repair time.

[0191] Specifically, the following formulas are used to calculate the probability of detectable safety failure, probability of undetected safety failure, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval time and online repair time of the boundary gauge, so as to obtain the probability of safety failure of the boundary gauge under the three-instrument majority voting mechanism.

[0192] PFS 2003 =3*λ SU *β*TS+3*λ SD *β*TS+3*[λ SD *(1-β)*RT+λ SU *(1-β)*T1] 2 Among them, PFS 2003 λ represents the probability of safety failure of the level gauge under a three-instrument majority voting mechanism. SD λ represents the probability of a detectable safety failure of the level gauge. SU β represents the probability of undetected safety failure of the boundary position gauge, β represents the common failure factor of the boundary position gauge, TS represents the restart time of the boundary position gauge after shutdown, RT represents the online repair time of the boundary position gauge, and T1 represents the periodic functional test interval of the boundary position gauge.

[0193] In one embodiment, the detectable safety failure probability of each level gauge in the above four voting mechanisms is calculated in the following manner:

[0194] For various level gauges:

[0195] Obtain the component failure probability, safety failure rate, and diagnostic coverage of the level gauge;

[0196] The following formulas are used to calculate the component failure probability, safety failure ratio, and diagnostic coverage of the interface level gauge, thus obtaining the detectable safety failure probability of the interface level gauge.

[0197] λ SD =λ*(1-Q)*DC; where λ SD λ represents the detectable safety failure probability of the boundary level gauge, Q represents the safety failure rate of the boundary level gauge, and DC represents the diagnostic coverage of the boundary level gauge.

[0198] In one embodiment, the probability of undetected safety failure of each level gauge in the above four voting mechanisms is calculated in the following manner:

[0199] For various level gauges:

[0200] Obtain the component failure probability, safety failure rate, and diagnostic coverage of the level gauge;

[0201] The following formulas are used to calculate the component failure probability, safety failure ratio, and diagnostic coverage of the interface level gauge, thus obtaining the probability of undetected safety failure of the interface level gauge.

[0202] λ SU =λ*(1-Q)*(1-DC); where, λ SU λ represents the probability of undetected safety failure of the boundary level gauge, Q represents the safety failure rate of the boundary level gauge, and DC represents the diagnostic coverage of the boundary level gauge.

[0203] S400, the safety failure probabilities of each level gauge under different voting mechanisms are weighted and summed to obtain the weighted safety failure probability of each level gauge; wherein, the weighted safety failure probability of each level gauge corresponds one-to-one with the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture to be detected.

[0204] Specifically, for each boundary position:

[0205] The following formula is used to calculate the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under different voting mechanisms, and the weighted safety failure probability of the boundary gauge is obtained.

[0206] S = w1PFS 1001 +w2PFS 1002 +w3PFS 2002 +w4PFS 2003 Where S represents the weighted safety failure probability of the level gauge, w1 represents the weight of the safety failure probability of the level gauge under the single-instrument voting mechanism, and PFS 1001 w1 represents the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under a single-instrument voting mechanism, w2 represents the weight of the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under a dual-instrument consensus voting mechanism, and PFS represents the probability of failure of the boundary gauge under a single-instrument voting mechanism. 1002 w3 represents the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under the dual-instrument consensus voting mechanism, and w3 represents the weight of the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under the dual-instrument majority voting mechanism. PFS 2002 w4 represents the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under a dual-instrument majority voting mechanism, and w4 represents the weight of the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under a three-instrument majority voting mechanism. PFS 2003 This indicates the probability of safety failure of the level gauge under a three-instrument majority voting mechanism.

[0207] Specifically, by assigning differentiated weights to different voting mechanisms, the risk level of each failure mode is quantitatively assessed, high-weight common failure factors are suppressed first, and the statistical independence of multiple redundancy protections is transformed into a probabilistic superposition advantage by using weighted summation. This ensures system sensitivity while dispersing the associated impact of common failures, ultimately reducing the risk of common failures in the overall system.

[0208] S500, determine the minimum weighted safety failure probability among the weighted safety failure probabilities of different interface gauges as the target weighted safety failure probability, and take the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture to be tested corresponding to the target weighted safety failure probability as the target oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture to be tested.

[0209] To make it easier to understand, the following examples are provided:

[0210] Weighted safe failure probability of RF admittance level meter: λ rad =3.2×10 -6 / h.

[0211] Weighted safety failure probability of guided wave radar interface gauge: λ radar =2.8×10 -6 / h.

[0212] Weighted safety failure probability of differential pressure level gauge: λ man =1.5×10 -5 / h.

[0213] The probability of system target security failure should satisfy: λ target =min{λ rad , λ radar , λ man}=2.8×10 -6 / h.

[0214] When the measured value deviates:

[0215] H 水1 : The oil-water interface corresponding to the radio frequency admittance level gauge.

[0216] H 水2 : Oil-water interface corresponding to guided wave radar interface gauge.

[0217] H 水3 : The oil-water interface corresponding to the differential pressure interface gauge.

[0218] If H 水1 ≠H 水2 =H 水3 Then verify min{λ radar , λ man}=2.8×10 -6 / h, target boundary H target =H水2 (corresponding to λ) radar =2.8×10 -6 / h).

[0219] If H 水2 ≠H 水1 =H 水3 Then compare λ rad With λ man Choose λ rad =3.2×10 -6 / h, triggers radio frequency admittance self-diagnosis, target boundary H target =H 水1 .

[0220] If H 水3 ≠H 水1 =H 水2 The probability of safety failure of the differential pressure gauge is λ. man =1.5×10 -5 / h is the maximum value, confirming the target boundary H. target =H 水1 (corresponding to min{λ) rad , λ radar}).

[0221] Optimization of reliability enhancement devices:

[0222] This device reduces the failure rate of radio frequency admittance measurement to λ. rad =2.4×10 -6 / h(original 3.2×10 -6 / h), the failure rate of the guided wave radar is optimized to λ radar =2.1×10 -6 / h. The updated target security failure probability is: λ target =min{2.4×10 -6 / h, 2.1×10 -6 / h, 15×10 -6 / h}=2.1×10 -6 / h.

[0223] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0224] (1) By comprehensively analyzing the safety failure probability of each boundary gauge under different voting mechanisms and assigning corresponding weights, the boundary measurement value with the best comprehensive safety performance is finally calculated. Thus, when multiple sensor data are inconsistent, the measurement result with the highest reliability can be automatically selected, which not only ensures safety but also improves detection accuracy.

[0225] (2) By continuously inputting safety performance parameters, the probability of safety failure of each sensor is dynamically calculated to avoid weight bias caused by static evaluation.

[0226] (3) Instead of simply taking the lowest security failure probability, the weighted security failure probability is calculated by weighted summation. Instead, the boundary value with the smallest weighted security failure probability is selected, which is the boundary value with the smallest comprehensive security risk. This balances security and data credibility, and achieves an optimal balance between security and accuracy.

[0227] (4) By introducing a multi-voting mechanism for weighted evaluation, different failure modes can be evaluated differently, significantly reducing the risk of common failures.

[0228] Example 2

[0229] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide a safety boundary voting detection system, comprising:

[0230] Interface measurement instruments are used to obtain monitoring parameters of the oil-water mixture under different interface gauges, as well as the same safety performance parameters of different interface gauges;

[0231] The interface measurement instrument is also used to determine the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture to be tested corresponding to each interface gauge based on the monitoring parameters of the oil-water mixture to be tested under each interface gauge;

[0232] The calculation module is used to determine the probability of safety failure of each level gauge under different voting mechanisms based on the same safety performance parameters of each level gauge.

[0233] The calculation module is also used to perform a weighted summation of the safety failure probabilities of each boundary gauge under different voting mechanisms to obtain the weighted safety failure probability of each boundary gauge; wherein, the weighted safety failure probability of each boundary gauge corresponds one-to-one with the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture to be detected.

[0234] The calculation module is also used to determine the minimum weighted safety failure probability among the weighted safety failure probabilities of different interface gauges as the target weighted safety failure probability, and to take the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture to be tested corresponding to the target weighted safety failure probability as the target oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture to be tested.

[0235] It should be understood that this system corresponds to the above-described security boundary voting detection method embodiment and is capable of performing the various steps involved in the above method embodiment. The specific functions of this system can be found in the description above, and detailed descriptions are omitted here to avoid repetition. The system includes at least one software functional module that can be stored in memory or embedded in the operating system (OS) of the device in the form of software or firmware.

[0236] Example 3

[0237] Based on the same inventive concept, as shown in Figure 2, this embodiment of the invention also provides a heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent, comprising: a housing 1, wherein a degassing chamber 2 and a dehydration chamber 3 are provided inside the housing 1, the two ends of the dehydration chamber 3 are separated from the degassing chamber 2 by partitions 4 respectively, and the aforementioned safety boundary voting detection system is also provided inside the dehydration chamber 3; an oil-water conveying mechanism is provided inside the dehydration chamber 3 for conveying the oil-water mixture to an oil-water separation mechanism; an oil-water separation mechanism is provided inside the dehydration chamber 3 for separating the oil-water mixture; and the oil-water conveying mechanism is also used to convey the separated oil and water to the outside of the housing 1 respectively.

[0238] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG2, the oil-water conveying mechanism includes: a crude oil inlet pipe 5, an oil inlet pipe 6, a vertical oil inlet pipe 7, an oil inlet distribution pipe 8, an oil outlet manifold 9, a water outlet manifold 10, an exhaust pipe 11, a cascading aeration mechanism 12, a first exhaust outlet 13, and a second exhaust outlet 14; the crude oil inlet pipe 5 is disposed inside the degassing chamber 2, with its input end located outside the degassing chamber 2, and a cascading aeration mechanism 12 fixed to the bottom of the degassing chamber 2 disposed below the output end of the crude oil inlet pipe 5; the oil inlet pipe 6, the vertical oil inlet pipe 7, and the oil inlet distribution pipe 8 are all disposed inside the dehydration chamber 3, with a partition 4 at one end having a spacer hole, one end of the oil inlet pipe 6 connected to the spacer hole, and the other end of the oil inlet pipe 6 connected to one end of the vertical oil inlet pipe 7. The other end of the vertical oil inlet pipe 7 is connected to the oil inlet distribution pipe 8. Multiple rows of downward-sloping liquid outlet holes are provided below the oil inlet distribution pipe 8. The oil outlet manifold 9 is located at the top inside the dehydration chamber 3. One end of the oil outlet manifold 9 passes through the degassing chamber 2 and the housing 1. Multiple rows of downward-sloping oil collection holes are provided below the oil outlet manifold 9. The water outlet manifold 10 is located at the bottom inside the dehydration chamber 3 and below the oil inlet distribution pipe 8. One end of the water outlet manifold 10 passes through the degassing chamber 2 and the housing 1. Multiple rows of water collection holes are provided above the water outlet manifold 10. The exhaust pipe 11 is located at the top inside the dehydration chamber 3. One end of the exhaust pipe 11 passes through the housing 1, and the other end of the exhaust pipe 11 passes through the partition 4 at one end. The first exhaust outlet 13 is located at the top of the degassing chamber 2, and the second exhaust outlet 14 is located at the top of the dehydration chamber 3.

[0239] Working principle: Crude oil enters the degassing chamber 2 inside the shell 1 through the crude oil inlet pipe 5. Under the action of the drop aeration mechanism 12 below the output end of the crude oil inlet pipe 5, the gas in the crude oil is released and discharged upward from the first exhaust outlet 13 at the top of the degassing chamber 2. The degassed crude oil enters the oil inlet pipe 6 and the vertical oil inlet pipe 7 through the partition holes on the partition plate 4, and then enters the oil inlet distribution pipe 8. The liquid outlet hole below the oil inlet distribution pipe 8 causes some water to fall under the action of gravity. Next, under the action of the electric field, the crude oil between the multi-layer electrode plates 18 located between the oil inlet distribution pipe 8 and the oil outlet manifold 9 causes tiny water droplets to coalesce into large water droplets. The coalesced large water droplets move downward under the action of gravity and are collected by the water outlet manifold 10 located at the bottom of the dehydration chamber 3 and below the oil inlet distribution pipe 8. The water collection hole above the water outlet manifold 10 collects the water, and then the water is discharged from the dehydration chamber 3 through the water outlet manifold 10. After electro-demulsification and thermochemical demulsification, the oil moves upward and is collected by the oil outlet manifold 9 located at the top of the dehydration chamber 3. The oil collection hole below the oil outlet manifold 9 gathers the oil, which is then discharged from the dehydration chamber 3 through the oil outlet manifold 9. At the same time, the second exhaust outlet 14 at the top of the dehydration chamber 3 discharges a small amount of gas that may be generated during the dehydration process. One end of the exhaust pipe 11 passes through the shell 1, and the other end passes through the partition 4, which is used to balance the pressure between the degassing chamber 2 and the dehydration chamber 3 to ensure the smooth operation of the entire device.

[0240] In one embodiment, each row of water inlets provided above the water outlet manifold 10 includes multiple water inlets.

[0241] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, which is the internal structure of a heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent, the internal structure includes: an oil inlet manifold (oil inlet pipe 6, vertical oil inlet pipe 7 and oil inlet distribution pipe 8, oil outlet manifold 9 and water outlet manifold 10).

[0242] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, which illustrates the specific structure of the oil inlet manifold.

[0243] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG5, FIG5 is a specific structure of the water outlet manifold 10.

[0244] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG6, FIG6 illustrates the specific structure of the oil outlet manifold 9.

[0245] In this embodiment, the separation design of the degassing chamber 2 and the dehydration chamber 3, along with the cascading aeration mechanism 12, pre-treats the heavy oil and releases dissolved gas, reducing the interference of foam on dehydration. The oil inlet distribution pipe 8 has multiple rows of downward-sloping liquid outlet holes that evenly disperse the highly viscous oil-water mixture. Combined with the combined effects of the different gradient electric fields and thermochemical gravitational sedimentation fields of the electrode plate 18, oil-water demulsification and coalescence sedimentation are enhanced. With the structure of the reverse-layered oil outlet manifold 9 and water outlet manifold 10, efficient demulsification and oil-water separation of heavy oil can be achieved without the addition of diluents. Simultaneously… By using multiple interface gauges to monitor the oil-water interface of an oil-water mixture, and by weighting and summing the safety failure probabilities of each interface gauge according to different voting mechanisms, the weighted safety failure probability of each interface gauge is obtained. Finally, the oil-water interface monitored by the interface gauge with the lowest weighted safety failure probability is selected as the final oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture. This significantly improves the accuracy and safety of oil-water interface monitoring, and can effectively cope with complex working conditions such as high viscosity and medium fluctuations. While reducing energy consumption and chemical agent costs, it ensures the safe, stable and efficient operation of the dehydration process.

[0246] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG7, the input end of the crude oil inlet pipe 5 is connected to one end of the bottom of the symmetrical inverted T-shaped pipe 15. A flow divider 16 is provided at the longitudinal central axis of the symmetrical inverted T-shaped pipe 15, and a flow diverter 17 is provided above the flow divider 16.

[0247] In this embodiment, by setting a flow divider 16 and a flow-dispersing element 17 above the longitudinal central axis of the symmetrical inverted T-shaped pipe 15, the degree of liquid flow deviation is reduced, so that the liquid volume in the main pipe is evenly distributed in the two branch pipes, ensuring that the liquid volume of the downstream equipment is uniform and stable. At the same time, the oil and water in the main pipe are mixed evenly, preventing the excessive difference in the water content of the fluid in the branch pipes from causing abnormal load on the processing equipment, affecting the stability and economy of production. Moreover, the structure is simple and compact, integrating the functions of phase mixing and distribution, without the need to add valve groups for flow control, reducing investment and saving space, and has significant benefits.

[0248] In one embodiment, the cascading aeration mechanism 12 is a crescent-shaped baffle.

[0249] The cascading aeration mechanism 12 is a device that increases the efficiency of dissolved gas release. It mainly utilizes the process of water falling from a high place to a low place to achieve aeration. That is, when water falls from a certain height, dissolved gas is released due to the splashing effect, thereby achieving degassing.

[0250] Working principle: When water enters the cascading aeration mechanism 12, under the action of gravity, the gas-containing droplets will form a cascading effect. During this process, the gas-containing crude oil disperses into many small droplets. These small droplets are sprayed upwards through the crescent-shaped baffle, increasing the contact area between the droplets and the gas phase and causing them to break up.

[0251] In this embodiment, according to the principle of gas diffusion, the larger the contact area and the longer the contact time, the more gas diffuses. The cascading aeration mechanism 12 is set as a crescent-shaped baffle, which further extends the contact time between the droplets and the gas phase by extending the path of the falling gas-containing droplets or by adopting a multi-stage falling method, thereby improving the aeration efficiency.

[0252] In one embodiment, a buffer compartment is provided at the connection between the vertical oil inlet pipe 7 and the oil inlet distribution pipe 8, and the buffer compartment is filled with a porous medium material.

[0253] In this embodiment, when the produced fluid enters the inlet distribution pipe 8 from the vertical inlet pipe 7, the fluid flow may experience pressure fluctuations due to factors such as changes in pipe size and flow rate. The presence of a buffer chamber can effectively mitigate these pressure changes. Just as a sudden narrowing or widening of a river channel in a water flow system can easily cause turbulent flow and pressure changes, the buffer chamber acts as a smooth transition zone in the middle of the channel. The porous media material further enhances the buffering effect. After entering the buffer chamber, the produced fluid flows and diffuses within the pores of the porous media material. The porous media material can absorb and disperse the impact force of the liquid, dispersing the instantaneous kinetic energy throughout the media space, thereby allowing the pressure to be transmitted more smoothly to the inlet distribution pipe 8 and reducing pressure shocks to the downstream pipeline system.

[0254] In one embodiment, each liquid outlet hole is symmetrically distributed along the longitudinal central axis of the oil inlet distribution pipe 8, and the diameter of each liquid outlet hole increases sequentially from the longitudinal central axis of the oil inlet distribution pipe 8 to both sides.

[0255] In this embodiment, by designing the outlet holes with an increasing diameter distribution from the longitudinal centerline of the oil inlet distribution pipe 8 as a reference, uniform liquid distribution is promoted. On the one hand, this unique diameter distribution makes the liquid flow rate positively correlated with the frictional resistance along the flow path. High frictional resistance and large opening ensure that the liquid flow rate at each point in the cross-section of the dehydration chamber 3 is approximately equal.

[0256] In one embodiment, exhaust valves are provided at both the first exhaust outlet 13 and the second exhaust outlet 14.

[0257] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG2, the oil-water separation mechanism includes a multi-layer electrode plate 18, which is disposed between the oil inlet pipe 6 and the oil outlet manifold 9.

[0258] Specifically, as shown in Figure 8, the multilayer electrode plate 18 includes six layers, and the electric fields formed between each layer of electrode plate 18 from bottom to top are, respectively, a low-voltage high-frequency pulse electric field, a high-voltage high-frequency pulse electric field, a first thermochemical field and a first gravitational field, a DC electric field, a second thermochemical field and a second gravitational field.

[0259] In this embodiment, the combination of multiple electric fields exhibits significant synergistic advantages during the oil-water separation process. A low-voltage, high-frequency pulsed electric field breaks down oil-in-water and large oil-in-water emulsion droplets, achieving initial oil-water separation. A high-voltage, high-frequency pulsed electric field further separates the emulsified oil droplets. The first thermochemical field and the first gravitational field, with the aid of the demulsifier's aggregation effect, promote the floating of oil droplets and the settling of water droplets after demulsification. The DC electric field provides a stable driving force for charged particles, enabling further demulsification of small-diameter residual oil-in-water particles. The second thermochemical field and the second gravitational field, with the aid of the demulsifier's aggregation effect, promote the floating of oil droplets and the settling of water droplets after demulsification by the DC electric field. The combined effect of these multiple electric fields effectively improves the oil-water separation effect and efficiency.

[0260] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG9, the oil-water conveying mechanism further includes: an oil outlet pipe 19, an exhaust branch pipe 20, an emergency relief pipe 21, a qualified oil storage tank 22, a substandard oil storage tank 23, a dehydration chamber level gauge 24, a dehydration chamber pressure gauge 25, an oil pressure regulating valve 26, a flow regulating valve 27, a level and pressure switch valve 28, and a control module; one end of the oil outlet pipe 19 is connected to the oil outlet manifold 9, and the other end of the oil outlet pipe 19 passes through the shell 1 and is connected to the qualified oil storage tank 22; one end of the exhaust branch pipe 20 is connected to the dehydration chamber 3, and the other end of the exhaust branch pipe 20 is connected to the oil outlet pipe 19; the emergency relief pipe 21... One end of the emergency relief pipe 21 is connected to the unqualified oil storage tank 23, and the other end of the emergency relief pipe 21 passes through the degassing chamber 2 and the shell 1 and is connected to the dehydration chamber 3. The dehydration chamber level gauge 24 is installed in the dehydration chamber 3, the dehydration chamber pressure gauge 25 is installed on the second exhaust outlet 14, the oil outlet pipe 19 is equipped with an oil pressure regulating valve 26, the exhaust branch pipe 20 is equipped with a flow regulating valve 27, and the emergency relief pipe 21 is equipped with a level pressure switch valve 28. The dehydration chamber level gauge 24, the dehydration chamber pressure gauge 25, the safety boundary voting detection system, the oil pressure regulating valve 26, the flow regulating valve 27, and the level pressure switch valve 28 are all connected to the control module.

[0261] In one embodiment, the dehydration chamber level gauge 24 is used to monitor the liquid level height of the oil-water mixture inside the dehydration chamber; the dehydration chamber pressure gauge 25 is used to monitor the pressure inside the dehydration chamber; the safety interface voting detection system is used to measure the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture inside the dehydration chamber; the control module is also used to perform proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the pressure inside the dehydration chamber and the preset pressure to generate an oil pressure regulating valve opening adjustment command; the control module is also used to perform proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the pressure inside the dehydration chamber and the preset pressure, and the difference between the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture inside the dehydration chamber and the preset oil-water interface to generate a flow regulating valve opening command. The control module is also used to generate a flow rate level pressure switch valve opening adjustment command by performing proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the liquid level height of the oil-water mixture inside the dehydration chamber and the preset height, or the difference between the pressure inside the dehydration chamber and the preset pressure. The oil pressure regulating valve 26 is used to control the opening degree of the oil pressure regulating valve 26 when it receives the oil pressure regulating valve opening adjustment command. The flow regulating valve 27 is used to control the opening degree of the flow regulating valve 27 when it receives the flow regulating valve opening adjustment command. The liquid level pressure switch valve 28 is used to control the opening degree of the liquid level pressure switch valve 28 when it receives the flow rate level pressure switch valve opening adjustment command.

[0262] Oil outlet pipeline 19: One end of this pipeline is connected to the oil outlet manifold 9, and the other end is connected to the qualified oil storage tank 22. It is used to transport qualified oil after dehydration treatment, and the output pressure is controlled by the oil pressure regulating valve 26.

[0263] Exhaust branch pipe 20: connects the dehydration chamber 3 and the oil outlet pipe 19, and is used to discharge the gas generated during the separation process. The exhaust flow rate is dynamically adjusted by the flow regulating valve 27 to maintain the system pressure.

[0264] Accident relief pipe 21: connects the unqualified oil storage tank 23 and the dehydration chamber 3. It is used to discharge a part of the liquid in the dehydration chamber 3 when the liquid level in the dehydration chamber 3 exceeds the limit, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the dehydration chamber 3. The liquid flow rate is dynamically adjusted by the liquid level pressure switch valve 28 to maintain the liquid level in the dehydration chamber 3.

[0265] Qualified oil storage tank 22: Receives finished oil that has been dehydrated and whose oil-water interface meets the standards, ensuring that the quality of stored oil meets the standards.

[0266] Substandard oil storage tank 23: Used to temporarily store oil-water mixtures that have not met separation standards or separation products under abnormal operating conditions for subsequent processing.

[0267] Dehydration chamber level gauge 24: Real-time detection of the oil-water mixture level in the dehydration chamber 3. Linked with the control module, it triggers the adjustment command of the level pressure switch valve 28 to prevent overflow due to excessively high levels or idling of the equipment due to excessively low levels.

[0268] Dehydration chamber pressure gauge 25: Installed on the second exhaust outlet 14, it directly measures the internal pressure of the dehydration chamber 3. It works in conjunction with the control module to generate adjustment commands for the oil pressure regulating valve 26 and the flow regulating valve 27, ensuring that the pressure remains stable within a safe range.

[0269] Oil pressure regulating valve 26: Located on the oil outlet line 19. Based on the PI calculation results of the control module (the difference between the actual pressure and the preset pressure), the valve opening is dynamically adjusted to stabilize the oil output pressure and maintain the pressure balance of the dehydration chamber 3.

[0270] Flow regulating valve 27: Located on exhaust branch pipe 20. It regulates the exhaust flow rate through dual control logic (pressure difference + oil-water interface difference), ensuring both pressure stability and optimizing oil-water separation efficiency.

[0271] Liquid level and pressure switch valve 28: installed on the emergency relief pipe 21. Based on abnormal liquid level or pressure signals (such as excessive liquid level or sudden pressure change), it causes the contents of the dehydration chamber 3 to flow to the unqualified oil storage tank 23, thereby preventing a safety accident from occurring in the dehydration chamber 3.

[0272] Control module: Integrates sensor data and safety interface detection system, and coordinates the actions of each valve through multi-parameter proportional-integral control algorithm to realize automation and safety protection of the dehydration process.

[0273] During normal operation: the oil pressure regulating valve 26 is interlocked with the dehydration chamber pressure gauge 25 to maintain the pressure inside the control equipment at least higher than the saturated vapor pressure of the light, easily vaporized oil in the electric dehydrator. This ensures that the light component gases remain dissolved in the liquid while suppressing their volatilization and reducing oil loss. Furthermore, since the nitrogen gas carried in the liquid inlet of the electric dehydrator is a non-condensable gas and poorly soluble in liquid, an exhaust branch pipe 20 is added to draw the non-condensable gas from the top of the electric dehydrator, and the gas pressure is controlled by the flow regulating valve 27. Considering that the main function of the non-condensable gas discharged from the exhaust branch pipe 20 is to reduce the leakage of electrode plate 18 into the gas phase, while also ensuring the oil quality of the oil outlet pipeline 19, simple single-loop feedback control is insufficient to meet the control quality and accuracy requirements. Therefore, the safety boundary position voting detection system and the dehydration chamber pressure gauge 25 are interlocked for control, using cascade control. The more critical signal from the dehydration chamber level gauge 24 serves as the main control signal, while the signal from the dehydration chamber pressure gauge 25 serves as the secondary control signal. In actual operation, the signal from the safety boundary position voting detection system is used for precise control, while the signal from the dehydration chamber pressure gauge 25 is used for coarse adjustment to reduce errors. The non-condensable gas discharged from the exhaust branch pipe 20 enters the oil outlet pipeline 19 and mixes with the dehydrated oil before finally entering the qualified oil storage tank 22. Light component natural gas is flash-evaporated and recovered via the gas pipeline. The entire process maintains the stability of the crude oil dehydration system with minimal loss of light components. To meet different operating conditions, the above control system uses a PID controller.

[0274] In case of an accident: When the oil outlet pipe 19 is blocked, the inlet liquid will quickly fill the equipment, causing the electric dehydrator to overflow. Typical electric dehydrators use a safety valve to release overpressure. However, sediment in the inlet liquid can clog the safety valve flow path, reducing the release volume. Therefore, an emergency release port is added at the bottom of the equipment. A level pressure switch valve 28 is installed on the pipeline, interlocked with the dehydration chamber level gauge 24 and dehydration chamber pressure gauge 25. Once the maximum warning level is exceeded, the dehydration chamber level gauge 24 sends a level signal to activate the level pressure switch valve 28, which quickly opens to release the excess oil into the substandard oil storage tank 23. In the event of a fire, the light components of crude oil above C3 in the equipment will vaporize upon heating, causing a rapid overpressure within the equipment. However, the liquid level change is not significant, and the safety valve on the equipment body often requires a certain amount of time to fully open and release the pressure. At this time, the dehydration chamber pressure gauge 25 sends a pressure signal to activate the level pressure switch valve 28, which quickly opens to release the excess liquid and reduce the pressure inside the equipment. The probability of a blockage at the outlet and a fire occurring simultaneously is very small. The liquid level pressure switch valve 28 is interlocked with the dehydration chamber level gauge 24 and the dehydration chamber pressure gauge 25 for separate control. A first check valve 29 is added to the oil outlet pipeline 19, and a second check valve 30 is added to the exhaust branch pipe 20. When pressure is rapidly released, even if the pressure inside the qualified oil storage tank 22 is greater than the pressure inside the dehydration chamber 3, the check valves can effectively prevent the good oil in the oil outlet pipeline and the qualified oil storage tank 22 from flowing back into the electro-dehydration chamber 3, reducing the loss of good oil.

[0275] In this embodiment, through real-time monitoring of multiple parameters by the dehydration chamber level gauge 24, the dehydration chamber pressure gauge 25, and the safety interface voting detection system, combined with the dynamic closed-loop adjustment mechanism based on the proportional-integral algorithm of the control module, the coordinated control of the oil pressure regulating valve 26, the flow regulating valve 27, and the level and pressure switching valve 28 is achieved. This not only realizes the precise balance of pressure, level, and oil-water interface during the dehydration process of heavy oil, but also effectively prevents the risk of equipment overpressure or interface loss of control through pressure-level dual safety threshold control. Furthermore, it optimizes the automated classification and storage of qualified / unqualified oil products, thereby improving the stability and safety of the system.

[0276] Example 4

[0277] Based on the same inventive concept, as shown in Figure 10, this embodiment of the invention also provides a multi-field coupled electro-dehydration method for heavy oil, implemented using the aforementioned electro-dehydrator for heavy oil without diluent. The oil-water separation mechanism includes a multi-layer electrode plate, comprising six layers, including:

[0278] S100' uses a low-voltage, high-frequency pulsed electric field generated by the first and second electrode plates to perform preliminary dehydration on the oil-water mixture, resulting in preliminarily dehydrated oil.

[0279] In one embodiment, step S100' includes:

[0280] S110', the oil-water mixture enters the degassing chamber through the crude oil inlet pipe, and the oil-water mixture is dispersed into droplets and dissolved gas is released by the water droplet aeration mechanism, so that the dissolved gas is discharged through the first exhaust outlet at the top;

[0281] Specifically, heavy crude oil enters the degassing chamber through the crude oil inlet pipe, where it forms dispersed droplets under the action of the cascading aeration mechanism. This process utilizes gravity to cause the crude oil to fall from a height, creating a waterfall-like impact effect, increasing the contact area between the oil and gas, and causing dissolved gases (such as methane and CO2) to escape due to the sudden pressure drop. The released gas is discharged through the first exhaust outlet at the top. The degassed crude oil has improved fluidity, reducing the interference of gas on oil-water separation during subsequent dehydration, while also allowing for the recovery of light hydrocarbon resources.

[0282] S120', the degassed oil-water mixture enters the oil inlet pipe and vertical oil inlet pipe of the dehydration chamber through the partition holes on the partition plate, and is evenly distributed at the bottom of the dehydration chamber through the inclined liquid outlet holes of the oil inlet distribution pipe.

[0283] Specifically, the degassed heavy oil enters the dehydration chamber through the perforations in the baffle plate, and then is evenly distributed at the bottom of the dehydration chamber via the angled outlet holes of the oil inlet distribution pipe. The angled outlet holes are designed to spread the crude oil in a laminar flow, avoiding local turbulence or accumulation, and ensuring that the oil-water mixture forms a stable flow state within the dehydration chamber. This step creates uniform oil-water distribution conditions for subsequent electric field treatment, which is a prerequisite for efficient dehydration.

[0284] S130', the degassed oil-water mixture at the bottom of the dehydration chamber enters the low-voltage high-frequency pulsed electric field at the bottom of the dehydration chamber, causing the degassed oil-water mixture to break emulsion and dehydrate. The dehydrated water droplets coalesce into free water. After the free water settles to the bottom of the dehydration chamber, the oil after preliminary dehydration is obtained.

[0285] Specifically, when heavy crude oil enters a low-pressure, high-frequency pulsed electric field, the tiny water droplets in the emulsion are polarized under the influence of the electric field, and the surface charge is redistributed. This weakens the repulsive force between the droplets, causing them to coalesce into larger free water droplets. Compared to traditional high-voltage electric fields, low-frequency pulsed technology reduces energy consumption and avoids the risk of cracking caused by high-voltage breakdown of crude oil. This stage uses physical demulsification instead of chemical agents, making it more environmentally friendly and particularly suitable for highly stable emulsified heavy crude oil.

[0286] S200' uses a high-voltage, high-frequency pulsed electric field generated by the second and third electrode plates to perform secondary dehydration on the oil after initial dehydration, resulting in oil after secondary dehydration.

[0287] In one embodiment, step S200' includes:

[0288] S210', the oil after preliminary dehydration continues to rise in the dehydration chamber and enters the high-voltage high-frequency pulse electric field area at the bottom of the dehydration chamber, causing the oil after preliminary dehydration to break the emulsion and dehydrate, and the water droplets that are removed coalesce into free water;

[0289] Specifically, the initially dehydrated oil-water mixture continues to rise into the high-voltage, high-frequency pulsed electric field region of the dehydration chamber. By enhancing the electric field strength and frequency, the polarization of residual micro water droplets is further induced. The high-voltage electric field can overcome the resistance of the highly viscous oil phase, forcing a violent rearrangement of the surface charge of the water droplets, causing micron-sized emulsified water to coalesce into larger free water droplets (with a particle size increasing to the millimeter scale), significantly improving dehydration efficiency. This stage, targeting stubborn emulsions that remain stable after primary dehydration, achieves deep demulsification through physical enhancement methods, avoiding the need for chemical additives.

[0290] S220', after the free water settles, is discharged through the water collection hole of the water outlet manifold to obtain the oil after secondary dehydration. The control module performs proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the pressure inside the dehydration chamber and the preset pressure to adjust the opening of the oil pressure regulating valve.

[0291] Specifically, the aggregated free water settles and is discharged through the water inlet of the outlet manifold, while the secondary dehydrated oil phase is output from the top. The control module monitors the pressure in the dehydration chamber in real time, compares it with the preset value, and dynamically calculates the cumulative response and instantaneous changes of the pressure deviation using a proportional-integral (PI) algorithm, thereby precisely adjusting the opening of the oil pressure regulating valve. This active pressure regulation maintains a stable separation environment (preventing pressure fluctuations from damaging the oil-water interface) and accelerates the discharge of residual water, ultimately obtaining a pure oil with lower water content, while ensuring a balance between system safety and energy efficiency.

[0292] S300' uses the first thermochemical field and the first gravitational field generated by the third and fourth electrode plates to perform a third dehydration on the oil after the second dehydration, resulting in oil after three dehydrations.

[0293] In one embodiment, step S300' includes:

[0294] S310', the oil after secondary dehydration enters the first thermochemical field and the first gravitational field in the middle of the dehydration chamber;

[0295] Specifically, the oil after secondary dehydration enters the first thermochemical field and the first gravitational field, where dehydration is enhanced through the synergistic effect of heat and chemical processes. The thermochemical field, combined with temperature control and the chemical diffusion environment, provides energy and reaction conditions for subsequent demulsification; the gravitational field utilizes the density difference between oil and water to provide driving force for water droplet sedimentation. The combination of the two forms a pretreatment system of "thermal activation-chemical weakening-gravity separation," which deeply treats the remaining micron-sized emulsified water droplets.

[0296] S320', heating the dehydration chamber, raises the temperature of the oil after secondary dehydration in the middle of the dehydration chamber, thereby reducing the viscosity of the oil after secondary dehydration;

[0297] Specifically, the dehydration chamber is heated by an external heating device (usually to 60-80°C) to reduce the viscosity of heavy oil. The increased temperature enhances the fluidity of the crude oil, reduces the suspension resistance of water droplets in the oil phase, and weakens the stability of the oil-water interface film, creating favorable conditions for demulsifier penetration and significantly improving subsequent demulsification efficiency.

[0298] S330', by injecting a demulsifier through a first thermochemical field, destroys the mechanical strength of the oil-water interface film;

[0299] Specifically, demulsifiers (such as nonionic surfactants) are injected into a thermochemical field. The demulsifier molecules adsorb at the oil-water interface, replacing natural emulsifiers (such as asphaltenes and gums) and reducing the mechanical strength of the interfacial film. The heating environment accelerates the diffusion of the demulsifier and enhances its molecular activity, making the emulsified water droplets more likely to coalesce and form settleable free water particles.

[0300] S340', after secondary dehydration, the oil is subjected to the first gravitational field, causing water droplets to coalesce into free water. After the free water settles, it is discharged through the water collection hole of the water outlet pipe, resulting in oil after tertiary dehydration.

[0301] Specifically, in the first gravitational field, the demulsified water droplets settle faster due to density differences. Utilizing Stokes' law, the aggregated and enlarged droplets settle at an even higher speed to the bottom of the dehydration chamber and are discharged through the water collection hole of the outlet manifold. After three dehydration processes, the water content of the oil phase is further reduced to below 0.5%, meeting the refinery's feed requirements. Simultaneously, the demulsifier and free water are separated and recovered in a targeted manner, reducing chemical residues.

[0302] S400' uses the DC electric field generated by the fourth and fifth electrode plates to dehydrate the oil after three dehydrations for four times, resulting in oil after four dehydrations.

[0303] In one embodiment, step S400' includes:

[0304] S410', the oil after three dehydrations enters the DC electric field in the upper part of the dehydration chamber, causing the oil after three dehydrations to undergo demulsification and dehydration, and the dehydrated water droplets coalesce into free water;

[0305] Specifically, after three dehydration processes, the crude oil enters a DC electric field region. Under the continuous and uniform electric field, the remaining nanoscale emulsified water droplets are polarized. Charge separation causes dipole moments to form on the surface of the water droplets, which then attract each other through Coulomb forces and coalesce into larger free water droplets. Compared to pulsed electric fields, DC electric fields are more suitable for oil phases with extremely low water content (e.g., water content <0.5%) because their stable electric field strength can precisely control the coalescence path of tiny water droplets, overcoming the "stubborn" emulsified water remaining after chemical-thermal dehydration and providing physical assurance for final dehydration.

[0306] S420', after the free water settles, it is discharged through the water collection hole of the water outlet manifold, resulting in oil after four dehydration processes. The oil after four dehydration processes is collected through the oil collection hole of the oil outlet manifold.

[0307] Specifically, the aggregated free water settles to the bottom under gravity, and the crude oil (water content ≤0.3%) after four dehydration processes is collected through the oil collection port of the oil outlet manifold at the top of the dehydration chamber, and then transported to a qualified oil storage tank. The oil collection port adopts a multi-stage distribution design to avoid local turbulence in the oil flow disturbing the settling interface and ensure the continuous discharge of high-purity oil phase.

[0308] S430' adjusts the opening of the liquid level pressure switch valve by performing proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the liquid level height of the oil-water mixture inside the dehydration chamber and the preset height, or the difference between the pressure inside the dehydration chamber and the preset pressure, through the control module.

[0309] Specifically, the control module monitors the liquid level or pressure of the oil-water mixture in the dehydration chamber in real time, compares it with a preset target value to generate a deviation signal, and then uses a proportional-integral (PI) algorithm to dynamically calculate the deviation, outputting a control quantity that matches the trend of deviation change, thereby precisely adjusting the opening of the liquid level and pressure switching valve. This closed-loop control strategy can quickly respond to instantaneous fluctuations in liquid level / pressure (proportional action) and eliminate steady-state errors in the system (integral action), ensuring that the dehydration process is always maintained within the preset parameter range, effectively balancing separation efficiency and equipment safety.

[0310] S500' uses the second thermochemical field and the second gravitational field generated by the fifth and sixth electrode plates to perform final dehydration on the oil after four dehydration processes, resulting in the final dehydrated oil.

[0311] In one embodiment, step S500' includes:

[0312] S510', the oil after four dehydrations enters the second thermochemical field in the upper part of the dehydration chamber;

[0313] Specifically, after four dehydration processes, the oil enters a second thermochemical field. Through heating (approximately 80-100°C) and the injection of a highly efficient demulsifier (such as a dendritic polymer), the oil-water interface film strength of the remaining submicron-sized water droplets is further weakened. The high temperature reduces crude oil viscosity, enhances the diffusion ability of the demulsifier molecules, and promotes the aggregation of tiny water droplets into micron-sized particles, creating conditions for final gravity separation. The goal is to increase the water droplet size from the 0.1 μm level to over 1 μm, breaking through the precision limits of traditional physical dehydration.

[0314] S520', under the action of the second gravitational field in the dehydration chamber, the water droplets in the oil after four dehydrations are completely settled and separated to obtain the final dehydrated oil, which enters the qualified oil storage tank through the oil outlet pipeline.

[0315] Specifically, in the second gravity field (designed as a long-path slow-flow settling zone), the coalesced water droplets settle completely due to density differences, and the dehydrated oil (water content ≤0.1%) finally enters the qualified oil storage tank through the oil outlet pipeline. This stage ensures the complete separation of trace amounts of water by extending the settling time (about 1-2 hours) and optimizing the flow channel design (such as inclined plate settling devices).

[0316] S530' controls the opening of the flow regulating valve by performing proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the pressure inside the dehydration chamber and the preset pressure, as well as the difference between the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture inside the dehydration chamber and the preset oil-water interface.

[0317] Specifically, by real-time detection of the actual pressure in the dehydration chamber and the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture, error signals are generated by comparing them with preset values. The proportional-integral (PI) algorithm is used to perform comprehensive calculations on the pressure difference and interface difference, and the opening of the flow regulating valve is dynamically adjusted: when the interface is too high, the drainage volume is increased, and when the pressure is insufficient, the discharge is reduced. The coupling effect of the two is balanced through feedback regulation, and finally the coordinated stability of the oil-water interface and pressure is achieved, ensuring the continuous and efficient operation of the separation process.

[0318] In one embodiment, the parameters of the low-voltage high-frequency pulsed electric field are: electric field strength 50-200 V / cm, pulse width ratio 0.4-0.6, electric field frequency 1-3 kHz, and settling time 5-20 min;

[0319] The parameters of the high-voltage high-frequency pulsed electric field are: electric field strength 400-1200V / cm, pulse width ratio 0.4-0.6, electric field frequency 1-3kHz, and settling time 5-20min;

[0320] The parameters of the DC electric field are: electric field strength 400-1200 V / cm and settling time 5-20 min;

[0321] The parameters for the first thermochemical field and the first gravitational field are: duration of action 10–25 min;

[0322] The parameters for the second thermochemical field and the second gravitational field are: duration of action 10–25 min.

[0323] In this embodiment, the oil-water interface film is broken down step by step by gradient electric field intensity design (low-voltage to high-voltage high-frequency pulse combined with DC electric field) and water droplet coalescence and sedimentation are promoted. Combined with thermochemical field to reduce viscosity, demulsifier to enhance separation, and dynamic control module to adjust oil-water interface stability in real time, the dehydration efficiency and adaptability are significantly improved. At the same time, no diluent is needed, reducing energy consumption and chemical reagent costs. This solves the problems of incomplete dehydration and high energy consumption of traditional methods for high-viscosity heavy oil.

[0324] Example 5

[0325] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide an electronic device, including: a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores machine-readable instructions executable by the processor, and when the machine-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the above-described security boundary voting detection method is performed.

[0326] In a typical configuration, an electronic device includes one or more processors (CPU), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0327] Memory may include non-persistent memory in computer-readable media, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. Memory is an example of computer-readable media.

[0328] Computer-readable media includes both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can store information using any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transferable medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include transient computer-readable media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0329] Example 6

[0330] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the aforementioned security boundary voting detection method.

[0331] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0332] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in one or more flowchart illustrations and / or one or more block diagrams.

[0333] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that implement the functions specified in one or more flowcharts and / or one or more block diagrams.

[0334] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process, such that the instructions, which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus, provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more flowcharts and / or one or more block diagrams.

[0335] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. To avoid unnecessary repetition, the embodiments of the present invention will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0336] In addition, the functional modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module can exist independently, or two or more modules can be integrated to form an independent part.

[0337] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0338] The above are merely embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

A method for detecting voting at safety boundaries, characterized in that, include: To obtain the monitoring parameters of the oil-water mixture under different interface gauges and the same safety performance parameters of different interface gauges; Based on the monitoring parameters of the oil-water mixture to be tested under each interface gauge, the oil-water interface position of the oil-water mixture to be tested corresponding to each interface gauge is determined; Based on the same safety performance parameters of each level gauge, determine the probability of safety failure of each level gauge under different voting mechanisms; The weighted safety failure probability of each level gauge under different voting mechanisms is obtained by weighted summation; wherein, the weighted safety failure probability of each level gauge corresponds one-to-one with the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture to be detected. The minimum weighted safety failure probability among the weighted safety failure probabilities of different interface gauges is determined as the target weighted safety failure probability, and the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture to be tested corresponding to the target weighted safety failure probability is taken as the target oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture to be tested. The method for detecting safe boundary voting according to claim 1 is characterized in that, Different boundary gauges include: radio frequency admittance boundary gauges, differential pressure boundary gauges, and guided wave radar boundary gauges. The method for detecting safe boundary voting according to claim 2 is characterized in that, The monitoring parameters of the oil-water mixture under different boundary gauges include: the comprehensive characterization value of dielectric induction of the oil-water mixture under different heights under the radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the oil-water mixture under the differential pressure boundary gauge, and the time required for the oil-water mixture under the guided wave radar boundary gauge to receive pulse signals. Based on the monitoring parameters of the oil-water mixture to be detected under each interface level gauge, the oil-water interface level of the oil-water mixture to be detected corresponding to each interface level gauge is determined, including: Based on the comprehensive dielectric induction characterization value of the oil-water mixture under test at different heights and the preset height of the oil-water mixture under test using the radio frequency admittance boundary gauge, the oil-water boundary corresponding to the radio frequency admittance boundary gauge is determined; wherein, the comprehensive dielectric induction characterization value includes conductivity and susceptance; Based on the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the oil-water mixture to be tested under the differential pressure interface gauge and the preset height of the oil-water mixture to be tested, the oil-water interface corresponding to the differential pressure interface gauge is determined. Based on the time required for the oil-water mixture to receive the pulse signal under the guided wave radar boundary marker and the preset blank height, the oil-water boundary corresponding to the guided wave radar boundary marker is determined; wherein, the time required for the oil-water mixture to receive the pulse signal is the running time from the pulse signal emitted by the guided wave radar boundary marker to the reflection of the oil-water mixture to the guided wave radar boundary marker. The safety boundary voting detection method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, Based on the comprehensive dielectric induction characterization values ​​of the oil-water mixture under test at different heights using a radio frequency admittance level gauge and the preset height of the oil-water mixture under test, the oil-water interface corresponding to the radio frequency admittance level gauge is determined, including: Using the following formula, the dielectric induction comprehensive characterization value of the oil-water mixture under the radio frequency admittance level gauge at different heights and the preset height of the oil-water mixture under the test are calculated to obtain the oil-water interface corresponding to the radio frequency admittance level gauge; Where H1 represents the oil-water interface corresponding to the RF admittance level gauge, ε 测 ε represents the comprehensive dielectric induction characterization value of the oil-water mixture under test in a radio frequency admittance level gauge at different heights. 油 The dielectric constant of the oil is represented by H, the preset height of the oil-water mixture to be tested is represented by ε. 水 This represents the dielectric constant of water. The safety boundary voting detection method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, Based on the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the oil-water mixture to be tested under the differential pressure interface gauge and the preset height of the oil-water mixture to be tested, the oil-water interface corresponding to the differential pressure interface gauge is determined, including: Using the following formula, the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the oil-water mixture to be tested and the preset height of the oil-water mixture to be tested under the differential pressure interface gauge are calculated to obtain the oil-water interface corresponding to the differential pressure interface gauge. Where H2 represents the oil-water interface corresponding to the differential pressure interface gauge, ΔP represents the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the oil-water mixture to be detected under the differential pressure interface gauge, g represents the acceleration due to gravity, and ρ 油 H represents the density of the oil, H represents the preset height of the oil-water mixture to be tested, and ρ represents the density of the oil. 水 This indicates the density of water. The safety boundary voting detection method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, Based on the time required for the oil-water mixture to be detected to receive the pulse signal under the guided wave radar interface gauge and the preset blank marker height, the oil-water interface corresponding to the guided wave radar interface gauge is determined, including: The following formula is used to calculate the time required for the oil-water mixture to be detected to receive the pulse signal under the guided wave radar boundary gauge and the preset blank height, so as to obtain the oil-water boundary corresponding to the guided wave radar boundary gauge. Where H3 represents the oil-water interface corresponding to the guided wave radar interface gauge, E represents the preset blank marker height, c represents the speed of light, and t represents the time required for the oil-water mixture to be detected to receive the pulse signal under the guided wave radar interface gauge. The method for detecting safe boundary voting according to claim 2 is characterized in that, The same safety performance parameters include: probability of detectable safety failure, probability of undetected safety failure, restart time after shutdown, common failure factor, periodic functional test interval and online repair time; Based on the same safety performance parameters of all level gauges, determine the probability of safety failure of each level gauge under different voting mechanisms, including: For various level gauges: Based on the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, and restart time after shutdown of the boundary gauge, the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under the single instrument voting mechanism is determined. Based on the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, and restart time after shutdown of the boundary gauge, the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under the dual-instrument consensus voting mechanism is determined. Based on the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval and online repair time of the boundary gauge, the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under the dual-instrument majority voting mechanism is determined. Based on the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval and online repair time of the boundary gauge, the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under the three-instrument majority voting mechanism is determined. The method for detecting safe boundary voting according to claim 7 is characterized in that, Based on the detectable safety failure probability, the undetected safety failure probability, and the restart time after shutdown of the boundary gauge, the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under the single-instrument voting mechanism is determined, including: Using the following formulas, the probability of detectable safety failure, the probability of undetected safety failure, and the restart time after shutdown of the boundary gauge are calculated to obtain the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under the single-instrument voting mechanism. PFS 1001 =λ SD *TS+λ SU *TS; where PFS 1001 λ represents the safety failure probability of the level gauge under a single-instrument voting mechanism. SD λ represents the probability of a detectable safety failure of the level gauge. SU TS represents the probability of an undetected safety failure of the boundary gauge, and TS represents the restart time of the boundary gauge after it stops. The method for detecting safe boundary voting according to claim 7 is characterized in that, Based on the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, and restart time after shutdown of the boundary gauge, the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under the dual-instrument consensus voting mechanism is determined, including: Using the following formulas, the probability of detectable safety failure, the probability of undetected safety failure, the common failure factor, and the restart time after shutdown of the boundary gauge are calculated to obtain the probability of safety failure of the boundary gauge under the dual-instrument consensus voting mechanism. PFS 1002 =[λ SU *β+λ SD *β+2*λ SD *(1-β)+2*λ SU *(1-β)]*TS; where PFS 1002 λ represents the safety failure probability of the level gauge under the dual-instrument consensus voting mechanism. SD λ represents the probability of a detectable safety failure of the level gauge. SU β represents the probability of undetected safety failure of the boundary gauge, β represents the common failure factor of the boundary gauge, and TS represents the restart time of the boundary gauge after shutdown. The method for detecting safe boundary voting according to claim 7 is characterized in that, Based on the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval, and online repair time of the boundary gauge, the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under the dual-instrument majority voting mechanism is determined, including: Using the following formulas, the probability of detectable safety failure, probability of undetected safety failure, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval time and online repair time of the boundary gauge are calculated to obtain the probability of safety failure of the boundary gauge under the dual-instrument majority voting mechanism. PFS 2002 =λ SU *β*TS+λ SD *β*TS+[λ SD *(1-β)*RT+λ SU *(1-β)*T1];wherein, PFS 2002 λ represents the safety failure probability of the level gauge under a dual-instrument majority voting mechanism. SD The detectable safety failure probability of the level gauge, λ SU β represents the probability of undetected safety failure of the boundary position gauge, β represents the common failure factor of the boundary position gauge, TS represents the restart time of the boundary position gauge after shutdown, RT represents the online repair time of the boundary position gauge, and T1 represents the periodic functional test interval of the boundary position gauge. The method for detecting safe boundary voting according to claim 7 is characterized in that, Based on the detectable safety failure probability, undetected safety failure probability, common failure factor, restart time after shutdown, periodic functional test interval, and online repair time of the boundary gauge, the safety failure probability of the boundary gauge under the three-instrument majority voting mechanism is determined, including: Using the following formulas, the probability of detectable safety failure, the probability of undetected safety failure, the common failure factor, the restart time after shutdown, the periodic functional test interval, and the online repair time of the boundary gauge are calculated to obtain the probability of safety failure of the boundary gauge under the three-instrument majority voting mechanism. PFS 2003 =3*λ SU *β*TS+3*λ SD *β*TS+3*[λ SD *(1-β)*RT+λ SU *(1-β)*T1] 2 Among them, PFS 2003 λ represents the probability of safety failure of the level gauge under a three-instrument majority voting mechanism. SD λ represents the probability of a detectable safety failure of the level gauge. SU β represents the probability of undetected safety failure of the boundary position gauge, β represents the common failure factor of the boundary position gauge, TS represents the restart time of the boundary position gauge after shutdown, RT represents the online repair time of the boundary position gauge, and T1 represents the periodic functional test interval of the boundary position gauge. The method for detecting safe boundary voting according to claim 7 is characterized in that, The probability of undetected safety failure of the boundary gauge is calculated as follows: Obtain the component failure probability, safety failure rate, and diagnostic coverage of the level gauge; The following formulas are used to calculate the component failure probability, safety failure ratio, and diagnostic coverage of the interface level gauge, thus obtaining the probability of undetected safety failure of the interface level gauge. λ SU =λ*(1-Q)*(1-DC); where, λ SU λ represents the probability of undetected safety failure of the boundary level gauge, Q represents the safety failure rate of the boundary level gauge, and DC represents the diagnostic coverage of the boundary level gauge. The method for detecting safe boundary voting according to claim 7 is characterized in that, The probability of a detectable safety failure of the level gauge is calculated as follows: Obtain the component failure probability, safety failure rate, and diagnostic coverage of the level gauge; The following formulas are used to calculate the component failure probability, safety failure ratio, and diagnostic coverage of the interface level gauge, thus obtaining the detectable safety failure probability of the interface level gauge. λ SD =λ*(1-Q)*DC; where λ SD λ represents the detectable safety failure probability of the boundary level gauge, Q represents the safety failure rate of the boundary level gauge, and DC represents the diagnostic coverage of the boundary level gauge. A safety boundary voting detection system, characterized in that, include: Interface measurement instruments are used to obtain monitoring parameters of the oil-water mixture under different interface gauges, as well as the same safety performance parameters of different interface gauges; The interface measurement instrument is also used to determine the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture to be tested corresponding to each interface gauge based on the monitoring parameters of the oil-water mixture to be tested under each interface gauge; The calculation module is used to determine the probability of safety failure of each level gauge under different voting mechanisms based on the same safety performance parameters of each level gauge. The calculation module is also used to perform a weighted summation of the safety failure probabilities of each boundary gauge under different voting mechanisms to obtain the weighted safety failure probability of each boundary gauge; wherein, the weighted safety failure probability of each boundary gauge corresponds one-to-one with the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture to be detected. The calculation module is also used to determine the minimum weighted safety failure probability among the weighted safety failure probabilities of different interface gauges as the target weighted safety failure probability, and to take the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture to be tested corresponding to the target weighted safety failure probability as the target oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture to be tested. A heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent, characterized in that, include: The shell (1) is provided with a degassing chamber (2) and a dehydration chamber (3). The two ends of the dehydration chamber (3) are separated from the degassing chamber (2) by partitions (4). The dehydration chamber (3) is also provided with the safety boundary voting detection system as described in claim 14. An oil-water conveying mechanism is located inside the dehydration chamber (3) and is used to convey the oil-water mixture to the oil-water separation mechanism. An oil-water separation mechanism is located inside the dehydration chamber (3) and is used to separate oil and water mixtures. The oil-water conveying mechanism is also used to convey the separated oil and water to the outside of the housing (1). The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent as described in claim 15 is characterized in that, The oil-water transport mechanism includes: crude oil inlet pipe (5), oil inlet pipe (6), vertical oil inlet pipe (7), oil inlet distribution pipe (8), oil outlet manifold (9), water outlet manifold (10), exhaust pipe (11), drop aeration mechanism (12), first exhaust outlet (13), and second exhaust outlet (14); The crude oil inlet pipe (5) is located inside the degassing chamber (2), the input end of the crude oil inlet pipe (5) is located outside the degassing chamber (2), and a drop aeration mechanism (12) fixed to the bottom of the degassing chamber (2) is provided below the output end of the crude oil inlet pipe (5). The oil inlet pipe (6), the vertical oil inlet pipe (7) and the oil inlet distribution pipe (8) are all located inside the dehydration chamber (3). A partition hole is provided on the partition plate (4) at one end. One end of the oil inlet pipe (6) is connected to the partition hole, and the other end of the oil inlet pipe (6) is connected to one end of the vertical oil inlet pipe (7). The other end of the vertical oil inlet pipe (7) is connected to the oil inlet distribution pipe (8). Multiple rows of downward-sloping liquid outlet holes are provided below the oil inlet distribution pipe (8). The oil outlet manifold (9) is located at the top of the dehydration chamber (3). One end of the oil outlet manifold (9) passes through the degassing chamber (2) and the shell (1). Multiple rows of downward-facing oil collection holes are provided below the oil outlet manifold (9). The water outlet manifold (10) is located at the bottom of the dehydration chamber (3) and below the oil inlet distribution pipe (8). One end of the water outlet manifold (10) passes through the degassing chamber (2) and the shell (1). Multiple rows of water collection holes are provided above the water outlet manifold (10). The exhaust pipe (11) is located at the top of the dehydration chamber (3). One end of the exhaust pipe (11) passes through the shell (1), and the other end of the exhaust pipe (11) passes through the partition (4) at one end. The first exhaust outlet (13) is located at the top of the degassing chamber (2), and the second exhaust outlet (14) is located at the top of the dehydration chamber (3). The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent as described in claim 16 is characterized in that, The inlet end of the crude oil inlet pipe (5) is connected to one end of the bottom of the symmetrical inverted T-shaped pipe (15). A flow divider (16) is provided at the longitudinal central axis of the symmetrical inverted T-shaped pipe (15), and a flow turbulence element (17) is provided above the flow divider (16). The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent as described in claim 16 is characterized in that, The cascading aeration mechanism (12) is a crescent-shaped baffle. The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent as described in claim 16 is characterized in that, A buffer compartment is provided at the connection between the vertical oil inlet pipe (7) and the oil inlet distribution pipe (8), and the buffer compartment is filled with porous media material. The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent as described in claim 16 is characterized in that, Each liquid outlet hole is symmetrically distributed along the longitudinal central axis of the oil inlet distribution pipe (8), and the diameter of each liquid outlet hole increases sequentially from the longitudinal central axis of the oil inlet distribution pipe (8) to both sides. The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent as described in claim 16 is characterized in that, An exhaust valve is provided at both the first exhaust outlet (13) and the second exhaust outlet (14). The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent as described in claim 16 is characterized in that, The oil-water separation mechanism includes a multi-layer electrode plate (18), which is located between the oil inlet pipe (6) and the oil outlet manifold (9). The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent as described in claim 22 is characterized in that, The multilayer electrode plate (18) consists of six layers. The electric fields formed between the electrode plates (18) from bottom to top are, respectively, a low-voltage high-frequency pulse electric field, a high-voltage high-frequency pulse electric field, a first thermochemical field and a first gravitational field, a DC electric field, a second thermochemical field and a second gravitational field. The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent as described in claim 16 is characterized in that, The oil-water transport mechanism also includes: an oil outlet pipeline (19), an exhaust branch pipe (20), an emergency discharge pipe (21), a qualified oil storage tank (22), an unqualified oil storage tank (23), a dehydration chamber level gauge (24), a dehydration chamber pressure gauge (25), an oil pressure regulating valve (26), a flow regulating valve (27), a level and pressure switch valve (28), and a control module; One end of the oil outlet pipe (19) is connected to the oil outlet manifold (9), and the other end of the oil outlet pipe (19) passes through the shell (1) and is connected to the qualified oil storage tank (22). One end of the exhaust branch pipe (20) is connected to the dehydration chamber (3), and the other end of the exhaust branch pipe (20) is connected to the oil outlet pipe (19). One end of the emergency relief pipe (21) is connected to the unqualified oil storage tank (23), and the other end of the emergency relief pipe (21) passes through the degassing chamber (2) and the shell (1) and is connected to the dehydration chamber (3). A level gauge (24) is installed in the dehydration chamber. Inside the dehydration chamber (3), the dehydration chamber pressure gauge (25) is installed on the second exhaust outlet (14), the oil outlet pipeline (19) is equipped with an oil pressure regulating valve (26), the exhaust branch pipe (20) is equipped with a flow regulating valve (27), and the emergency relief pipe (21) is equipped with a liquid level pressure switch valve (28). The dehydration chamber level gauge (24), the dehydration chamber pressure gauge (25), the safety boundary voting detection system, the oil pressure regulating valve (26), the flow regulating valve (27), and the liquid level pressure switch valve (28) are all connected to the control module. The heavy oil electrostatic dehydrator without diluent as described in claim 24 is characterized in that, The dehydration chamber level gauge (24) is used to monitor the liquid level of the oil-water mixture inside the dehydration chamber; The dehydration chamber pressure gauge (25) is used to monitor the pressure inside the dehydration chamber; The safety boundary voting detection system is used to measure the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture inside the dehydration chamber; The control module is also used to perform proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the pressure inside the dehydration chamber and the preset pressure to generate an oil pressure regulating valve opening adjustment command. The control module is also used to perform proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the pressure inside the dehydration chamber and the preset pressure, as well as the difference between the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture inside the dehydration chamber and the preset oil-water interface, to generate a flow regulating valve opening adjustment command. The control module is also used to perform proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the liquid level height of the oil-water mixture inside the dehydration chamber and the preset height, or the difference between the pressure inside the dehydration chamber and the preset pressure, to generate flow, liquid level, and pressure switching valve opening adjustment commands. The hydraulic pressure regulating valve (26) is used to control the opening degree of the hydraulic pressure regulating valve (26) when it receives the hydraulic pressure regulating valve opening degree adjustment command; The flow control valve (27) is used to control the opening degree of the flow control valve (27) when a flow control valve opening degree adjustment command is received; The level pressure switch valve (28) is used to control the opening degree of the level pressure switch valve (28) when it receives the flow level pressure switch valve opening degree adjustment command. A method for multi-field coupled electro-dehydration of heavy oil, based on the heavy oil electro-dehydrator without diluent as described in any one of claims 16-25, wherein the oil-water separation mechanism includes a multi-layer electrode plate, comprising six layers, characterized in that... include: The oil-water mixture is initially dehydrated by the low-voltage, high-frequency pulsed electric field generated by the first and second electrode plates to obtain pre-dehydrated oil. The oil after initial dehydration is subjected to secondary dehydration by a high-voltage, high-frequency pulsed electric field generated by the second and third electrode plates, resulting in oil after secondary dehydration. The oil after secondary dehydration is subjected to a third dehydration by the first thermochemical field and the first gravitational field generated by the third and fourth electrode plates, resulting in oil after three dehydrations. The oil after three dehydrations is dehydrated four times by the DC electric field generated by the fourth and fifth electrode plates to obtain oil after four dehydrations. The oil after four dehydration processes is finally dehydrated by the second thermochemical field and the second gravitational field generated by the fifth and sixth electrode plates to obtain the final dehydrated oil. The method for multi-field coupled electro-dehydration of heavy oil according to claim 26 is characterized in that, The oil-water mixture is initially dehydrated by a low-voltage, high-frequency pulsed electric field generated by the first and second electrode plates, resulting in preliminarily dehydrated oil, comprising: The oil-water mixture enters the degassing chamber through the crude oil inlet pipe. The water droplet aeration mechanism causes the oil-water mixture to form dispersed droplets and release dissolved gas, which is then discharged through the top first exhaust outlet. The degassed oil-water mixture enters the oil inlet pipe and vertical oil inlet pipe of the dehydration chamber through the partition holes on the partition plate, and is evenly distributed at the bottom of the dehydration chamber through the inclined liquid outlet holes of the oil inlet distribution pipe. The degassed oil-water mixture at the bottom of the dehydration chamber enters the low-voltage, high-frequency pulsed electric field at the bottom of the dehydration chamber, causing the degassed oil-water mixture to break down and dehydrate. The dehydrated water droplets coalesce into free water, and after the free water settles to the bottom of the dehydration chamber, the initially dehydrated oil is obtained. The method for multi-field coupled electro-dehydration of heavy oil according to claim 26 is characterized in that, The oil after initial dehydration is subjected to a secondary dehydration using a high-voltage, high-frequency pulsed electric field generated by the second and third electrode plates, resulting in a secondary dehydrated oil, comprising: After initial dehydration, the oil continues to rise in the dehydration chamber and enters the high-voltage, high-frequency pulsed electric field region at the bottom of the dehydration chamber, causing the oil to break emulsion and dehydrate, and the water droplets released coalesce into free water. After the free water settles, it is discharged through the water collection hole of the outlet manifold to obtain the oil after secondary dehydration. The control module performs proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the pressure inside the dehydration chamber and the preset pressure to adjust the opening of the oil pressure regulating valve. The method for multi-field coupled electro-dehydration of heavy oil according to claim 26 is characterized in that, The oil after secondary dehydration is subjected to a third dehydration through a first thermochemical field and a first gravitational field generated by the third and fourth electrode plates, resulting in a third dehydrated oil, comprising: After secondary dehydration, the oil enters the first thermochemical field and the first gravitational field in the middle of the dehydration chamber; Heating the dehydration chamber raises the temperature of the oil after secondary dehydration in the middle of the chamber, thereby reducing the viscosity of the oil after secondary dehydration. The mechanical strength of the oil-water interface film is destroyed by injecting a demulsifier through a first thermochemical field. After secondary dehydration, the oil is subjected to the first gravitational field, causing water droplets to coalesce into free water. After the free water settles, it is discharged through the water collection hole of the water outlet pipe, resulting in oil after tertiary dehydration. The method for multi-field coupled electro-dehydration of heavy oil according to claim 26 is characterized in that, The oil after three dehydrations is subjected to a fourth dehydration process using a DC electric field generated by the fourth and fifth electrode plates, resulting in an oil after four dehydrations, comprising: After three dehydration processes, the oil enters the DC electric field at the top of the dehydration chamber, causing the oil to undergo demulsification and dehydration, and the water droplets released coalesce into free water. After the free water settles, it is discharged through the water collection hole of the outlet manifold, resulting in oil after four dehydration processes. The oil after four dehydration processes is collected through the oil collection hole of the oil outlet manifold. The control module performs proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the liquid level of the oil-water mixture inside the dehydration chamber and the preset height, or the difference between the pressure inside the dehydration chamber and the preset pressure, to adjust the opening of the liquid level pressure switch valve. The method for multi-field coupled electro-dehydration of heavy oil according to claim 26 is characterized in that, The oil after four dehydration processes is subjected to a final dehydration using a second thermochemical field and a second gravitational field generated by the fifth and sixth electrode plates, resulting in the final dehydrated oil, which includes: After four dehydration processes, the oil enters the second thermochemical field in the upper part of the dehydration chamber. Under the influence of the second gravitational field in the dehydration chamber, the water droplets in the oil after four dehydrations completely settle and separate, resulting in the final dehydrated oil, which then enters the qualified oil storage tank through the oil outlet pipeline. The control module performs proportional-integral calculations based on the difference between the pressure inside the dehydration chamber and the preset pressure, as well as the difference between the oil-water interface of the oil-water mixture inside the dehydration chamber and the preset oil-water interface, to control the opening degree of the flow regulating valve. The method for multi-field coupled electro-dehydration of heavy oil according to any one of claims 26-31 is characterized in that, The parameters of the low-voltage high-frequency pulsed electric field are: electric field strength 50-200V / cm, pulse width ratio 0.4-0.6, electric field frequency 1-3kHz, and settling time 5-20min; The parameters of the high-voltage high-frequency pulsed electric field are: electric field strength 400-1200V / cm, pulse width ratio 0.4-0.6, electric field frequency 1-3kHz, and settling time 5-20min; The parameters of the DC electric field are: electric field strength 400-1200 V / cm and settling time 5-20 min; The parameters for the first thermochemical field and the first gravitational field are: duration of action 10–25 min; The parameters for the second thermochemical field and the second gravitational field are: duration of action 10–25 min. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A processor and a memory, the memory storing machine-readable instructions executable by the processor, which, when executed by the processor, perform the security boundary voting detection method according to any one of claims 1-14. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, characterized in that, When the computer instructions are executed on the computer, the computer performs the security boundary voting detection method according to any one of claims 1-14.

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