Housing member for battery cell, battery cell, and battery member

Abstract

Provided in the present application are a housing member for a battery cell, a battery cell, and a battery member, so as to improve the safety of the battery during use. In the present application, the structures of a housing member for a battery cell, a battery cell, and a battery member are optimized and improved, thereby effectively ensuring the safety and stability of a battery, prolonging the service life of the battery, and ensuring that the battery can operate stably under various operating conditions.

Description

A housing component for a single-cell battery, a single-cell battery, and a battery component. Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of batteries, specifically a housing component for a single cell battery, a single cell battery, and a battery component. Background Technology

[0002] In lithium-ion battery applications, the performance of the battery casing is crucial to the overall safety and stability of the battery. Especially during the use of a single cell, failure to promptly manage internal heat can easily lead to thermal runaway. Once thermal runaway occurs, the leaked thermal fumes can cause serious injury to surrounding personnel and equipment, and in severe cases, may even cause a fire, potentially resulting in a serious safety accident. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a battery casing that improves battery safety during use.

[0003] Application content

[0004] This application provides a housing component for a single battery, a single battery cell, and a battery component to improve the safety of the battery during use.

[0005] The following are several technical solutions for improving and optimizing the battery casing or housing to enhance battery safety during use.

[0006] This application provides a first technical solution, which mainly overcomes the technical problem that the existing single-cell battery explosion relief film is prone to loosening and falling off, resulting in the failure of the explosion relief function.

[0007] The first aspect of this solution provides a housing component for a single-cell battery. This housing component includes a top cover plate, which comprises a top cover body and a weak portion integrally formed on the top cover body. The strength of the weak portion is less than the strength of the top cover body. In the event of thermal runaway of the single-cell battery, the thermal runaway fumes rupture through the weak portion and are discharged. The weak portion is integrally formed with the top cover body, which has at least the following advantages:

[0008] From a structural stability perspective, existing explosion-proof membranes are typically attached to the battery cover body via adhesive or other methods. During long-term use, factors such as corrosion from internal battery chemicals, temperature changes, and mechanical vibrations can cause the connection between the membrane and the cover body to loosen or detach, leading to a failure of its explosion-proof function. In contrast, the integrated weak point in this application is a single unit with the cover body, eliminating the risk of loosening or detachment at the connection point. This significantly improves structural stability and reliability, ensuring consistently excellent explosion-proof performance.

[0009] In terms of sealing, achieving an absolute seal at the junction of the existing explosion-proof membrane and the top cover body presents numerous challenges. However, the seamless connection between the integrated weak point and the top cover body effectively ensures the internal sealing of the battery under normal conditions, preventing the intrusion of external substances and providing a better environment for stable battery operation.

[0010] From a cost and manufacturing process perspective, existing explosion-proof membranes require additional materials and complex installation processes, which not only increases production costs but may also lead to inconsistent product quality due to human factors during manufacturing. In contrast, the integrated design of the weak point eliminates the need for additional installation steps during manufacturing, simplifying the production process, reducing production costs, and improving product consistency and quality stability.

[0011] Furthermore, a recessed area is created on the upper cover body to form a weak point. Compared to some methods that create weak points by changing material composition or microstructure, creating a recessed area is simpler and allows for more intuitive and precise control over the strength and opening pressure of the weak point. Specifically, by controlling parameters such as the depth, shape, and area of ​​the recessed area, the opening of the weak point under a specific pressure can be accurately set, greatly improving the reliability of the explosion venting function.

[0012] Furthermore, the recessed area can be located on the upper surface of the cover body, recessed towards the lower surface, forming a weak point. Alternatively, it can be located on the lower surface of the cover body, recessed towards the upper surface, forming a weak point. Setting recessed areas on either the upper or lower surface of the cover body can be achieved through conventional stamping, injection molding, or other processing methods, resulting in relatively low processing costs.

[0013] Furthermore, through holes can be formed on the top cover body along its width or length to create a weak point. When through holes are formed on the top cover body along its width or length to create a weak point, the flatness of the battery top cover body can be maintained better than a weak point formed in a recessed area.

[0014] Furthermore, the weak point is located between the two polarity terminals of the top cover body, which can dissipate the heat generated by thermal runaway in a timely manner and effectively alleviate local high temperature. In addition, compared with placing the weak point in other locations, it reduces interference with other functional areas of the battery and achieves a more efficient layout in a limited space.

[0015] Furthermore, the top cover body and the weak points integrated into it are made of plastic. In terms of weight, compared to metal, plastic has a lower density, significantly reducing the overall weight of the battery. In terms of cost, plastic raw materials are inexpensive, and the molding process is simple; for example, injection molding can be used to mold complex structures in one piece, reducing processing steps and lowering production costs. From a molding process perspective, plastic has high plasticity, making it easy to manufacture top cover bodies and weak point structures of various complex shapes. Whether it's recessed areas on the upper or lower surface, or through holes along the width or length direction, they can all be precisely molded.

[0016] The second aspect of this solution provides a single-cell battery, which is characterized in that: it includes the aforementioned housing component for a single-cell battery, the housing component further includes a cylindrical body and a lower cover plate, and the housing component is formed by an upper cover plate, a cylindrical body and a lower cover plate.

[0017] Furthermore, the strength of the casing component is P, where P1≤P≤P2; where P1 is the strength requirement of the casing during the formation stage and the normal charge / discharge stage of the battery; and P2 is the strength requirement of the casing during the thermal runaway stage. The aforementioned single-cell battery casing component is a sealed casing made of plastic, serving as a cavity for the electrode assembly and electrolyte, and has a sealing function. Simultaneously, the strength of the sealed casing needs to meet the strength requirements of the casing during the formation stage and the normal charge / discharge stage of the battery; that is, the sealed casing needs to have a certain strength to ensure that it will not crack during the formation stage and the normal charge / discharge stage due to changes in the internal environment of the battery, such as temperature and pressure. Compared with existing finished plastic-cased single-cell batteries, this single-cell battery has a lower cost, thus making the overall battery component also have a lower cost.

[0018] The third aspect of this solution provides a battery component, characterized in that it includes a pressure-bearing housing and n individual cells, where n is an integer greater than 1; the n individual cells are arranged inside the pressure-bearing housing; a venting channel is formed between the weak points of each individual cell and the pressure-bearing housing; the strength of the pressure-bearing housing meets the strength requirements of the housing during the thermal runaway stage; the pressure-bearing housing is provided with venting parts corresponding to the venting channels; when an individual cell experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke ruptures the weak points, passes through the venting channels, and ruptures the venting parts before exiting the pressure-bearing housing. The outer housing of the battery component in this application is a pressure-bearing housing, and its strength needs to meet the strength requirements of the housing during the thermal runaway stage; that is, the pressure-bearing housing is required to have good strength to ensure that during the thermal runaway stage, the pressure-bearing housing can form a robust barrier, effectively isolating high-temperature flames and harmful gases, preventing the spread of thermal runaway, and improving the safety of the battery component after thermal runaway. Furthermore, in the initial stage of thermal runaway, the thermal runaway fumes can be discharged in an orderly manner through the explosion relief channel, effectively preventing them from spreading to the battery component housing and thus preventing further deterioration of the thermal runaway situation.

[0019] Furthermore, the aforementioned battery component also includes a heat exchange component that exchanges heat with the polarity terminals. During the operation of the battery component, heat easily accumulates at the polarity terminals due to current conduction. The heat exchange component can promptly remove this heat, ensuring that the polarity terminals remain within a suitable operating temperature range. This not only helps maintain the performance stability of individual cells within the battery component and reduces battery performance degradation caused by excessive temperature, but also further improves the overall safety and reliability of the battery component, avoiding potential failures caused by localized overheating.

[0020] This application provides a second technical solution, which is mainly used to alleviate the heat generation problem of individual battery cells during use.

[0021] The first aspect of this solution provides a housing component for a single-cell battery. This housing component includes a cylindrical body, which comprises a first chamber and at least one second chamber. The first chamber serves as an electrode assembly receiving chamber for mounting the electrode assembly. The second chamber serves as an electrolyte storage chamber for storing free electrolyte. The first and second chambers are interconnected. This application provides at least one electrolyte storage chamber within the battery cylindrical body (which has open ends). The electrolyte storage chamber is interconnected with the electrode assembly receiving chamber. Free electrolyte is stored within the electrolyte storage chamber. The electrolyte possesses a certain thermal conductivity. During battery operation, if the temperature rises, the free electrolyte stored in the electrolyte storage chamber can rapidly absorb heat through heat transfer, dispersing the absorbed heat throughout the housing component and dissipating it through the surface of the housing component. This effectively prevents battery overheating, reduces the risk of thermal runaway, precisely controls temperature, and maintains battery performance. Furthermore, the interconnection between the electrolyte storage chamber and the electrode assembly receiving chamber allows the electrolyte to flow and diffuse freely throughout the housing component. When the electrode assembly is working, the electrolyte consumption can be replenished in a timely manner to avoid local drying, ensure stable internal battery reactions, and improve charge and discharge performance.

[0022] Furthermore, the aforementioned single-cell battery casing component includes a separator that divides the inner cavity of the cylinder into a first chamber and a second chamber. The separator has multiple perforated areas, allowing communication between the first and second chambers. Based on the separator dividing the inner cavity into the first and second chambers, the electrode assembly is installed in the first chamber. The separator provides physical support for the electrode assembly, effectively maintaining its relative position and preventing displacement, shaking, or even damage due to vibration, collision, or other external forces within the casing component. Simultaneously, the perforated areas on the separator ensure the flow of electrolyte between the first and second chambers.

[0023] Furthermore, multiple stiffening ribs can be provided on the inner wall of at least one side wall of the cylinder, with the space between adjacent stiffening ribs serving as a second chamber. These stiffening ribs, in addition to constructing the second chamber, provide extra structural support to the cylinder, enhancing its strength and rigidity, effectively resisting external forces such as compression and impact, and further ensuring the safety of the electrode components inside the individual battery. To further optimize battery charging and discharging performance, multiple stiffening ribs are arranged on two parallel side walls of the cylinder, symmetrically positioned. From the perspective of electrolyte distribution, the symmetrically arranged second chambers on opposite side walls ensure that the electrolyte permeates evenly into the electrode components from both sides during battery charging and discharging, greatly improving the uniformity of the internal reaction and further optimizing battery charging and discharging performance. In terms of structural strength, the symmetrically arranged stiffening ribs on opposite side walls can evenly distribute external forces, effectively reducing the risk of cylinder deformation and significantly improving battery reliability and durability.

[0024] Furthermore, the length direction of the cylinder is defined as the x-direction, the width direction as the y-direction, and the height direction as the z-direction; both sidewalls are parallel to the yz plane; each rib extends along the z-direction, and multiple ribs are arranged along the y-direction. Regarding electrolyte distribution, uniform distribution in both height and width directions can be achieved, greatly improving the uniformity of the internal reaction of the battery and further optimizing the battery's charge and discharge performance. In terms of structural strength, it can effectively disperse external forces in all directions, resist bending and torsional deformation of the shell components, and prevent internal short circuits. In terms of manufacturing process, the mold design is simple, the processing accuracy is easily controlled, production efficiency is improved, and costs are reduced.

[0025] Furthermore, the battery includes a partition installed in the inner cavity of the cylinder, which divides the inner cavity into a first chamber and a second chamber. The partition has multiple hollow areas to allow the first chamber and the second chamber to communicate. In the second chamber, multiple stiffening plates are provided, which extend along the z-direction. The two sides of each stiffening plate abut against the inner wall of the cylinder and the partition, respectively. The combination of the stiffening plates and the partition can further improve the stability and reliability of the battery, while greatly improving the overall strength of the cylinder.

[0026] The second aspect of this solution provides a housing component for a single battery cell. The housing component is formed by an upper cover plate, a lower cover plate, and a cylindrical body, all of which are made of plastic. Plastic is easy to process; for example, complex-shaped housings can be quickly manufactured through processes such as injection molding, reducing manufacturing difficulty and cost, improving production efficiency, and facilitating large-scale production.

[0027] Furthermore, the inner wall of the lower cover plate is provided with multiple protrusions arranged in an array. The tops of the protrusions support the electrode assembly, and the gaps between the protrusions serve as electrolyte flow channels. The regularly arranged protrusions provide stable and evenly distributed support points for the electrode assembly, preventing deformation or damage to the electrode assembly due to excessive local stress. In addition, using the gaps between the protrusions as electrolyte flow channels allows the electrolyte to be evenly distributed around the electrode assembly, ensuring that all electrodes can fully contact the electrolyte.

[0028] Furthermore, the upper cover plate has a stepped structure along its edge. This stepped structure serves as a positioning structure for the open end of the cylinder and is sealed to the open end of the cylinder via heat fusion. The stepped structure along the edge of the upper cover plate positions the open end of the cylinder, ensuring precise and close assembly. The heat fusion seal is efficient and tight, preventing impurities from entering and protecting battery performance and lifespan.

[0029] Furthermore, the strength of the casing component is P, where P1 ≤ P ≤ P2; where P1 is the strength requirement of the casing during the formation stage and the normal charge / discharge stage of the battery; and P2 is the strength requirement of the casing during the thermal runaway stage. The aforementioned single-cell battery casing component is a sealed casing made of plastic, serving as a containment cavity for the electrode assembly and electrolyte, and has a sealing function. Simultaneously, the strength of the sealed casing needs to meet the strength requirements of the casing during the formation stage and the normal charge / discharge stage of the battery; that is, the sealed casing is required to have a certain strength to ensure that it will not crack during the formation stage and the normal charge / discharge stage due to changes in the internal environment of the battery, such as temperature and pressure. This single-cell battery has a lower cost compared to existing finished plastic-cased single-cell batteries.

[0030] The third aspect of this solution provides a single-cell battery, including the aforementioned housing component for the single-cell battery.

[0031] The fourth aspect of this solution provides a battery component, including a pressure-bearing housing and n individual cells, where n is an integer greater than 1; the n individual cells are arranged inside the pressure-bearing housing; the strength of the pressure-bearing housing meets the strength requirements of the housing during the thermal runaway stage, and the pressure-bearing housing is provided with a vent. The outer housing of the battery component in this application is a pressure-bearing housing, and its strength needs to meet the strength requirements of the housing during the thermal runaway stage; that is, the pressure-bearing housing is required to have good strength to ensure that during the thermal runaway stage, the pressure-bearing housing can form a robust barrier, effectively isolating high-temperature flames and harmful gases, preventing the spread of thermal runaway, and improving the safety of the battery component after thermal runaway.

[0032] Furthermore, the aforementioned battery component also includes a heat exchange component that exchanges heat with the polarity terminals. During the operation of the battery component, heat easily accumulates at the polarity terminals due to current conduction. The heat exchange component can promptly remove this heat, ensuring that the polarity terminals remain within a suitable operating temperature range. This not only helps maintain the performance stability of individual cells within the battery component and reduces battery performance degradation caused by excessive temperature, but also further improves the overall safety and reliability of the battery component, avoiding potential failures caused by localized overheating.

[0033] This application provides a third technical solution, which mainly overcomes the technical problem of high thermal runaway risk in existing aluminum metal casing batteries.

[0034] The first aspect of this solution provides a single-cell battery, which includes a semi-finished single-cell battery and a pressure-bearing housing. The semi-finished single-cell battery includes a sealed housing and an electrode assembly located within the sealed housing. The sealed housing is a plastic housing with a strength P, where P1≤P≤P2. P1 represents the strength requirement of the housing during the formation stage and the normal charge / discharge stage of the battery, and P2 represents the strength requirement of the housing during the thermal runaway stage. The semi-finished single-cell battery is installed within the pressure-bearing housing, and the polarity terminals of the semi-finished single-cell battery extend out of the pressure-bearing housing and are sealed to it. The strength of the pressure-bearing housing meets the strength requirement of the housing during the thermal runaway stage.

[0035] The inner shell of this application is a sealed shell made of plastic, serving as a containment cavity for the electrode components and electrolyte, and providing a sealing function. The strength of this sealed shell must meet the strength requirements during the formation stage and normal charge / discharge stages of the battery; that is, the sealed shell must have sufficient strength to ensure that it will not rupture under changes in the internal battery environment, such as temperature and pressure, during the formation and normal charge / discharge stages. The outer shell of this application is a pressure-bearing shell, and its strength must meet the strength requirements during the thermal runaway stage; that is, the pressure-bearing shell must have good strength to ensure that it can form a robust thermal barrier during thermal runaway, effectively isolating high-temperature flames and harmful gases, and preventing the spread of thermal runaway. The single-cell battery of this application adopts a double-layer shell, with a certain strength in the inner sealed shell combined with the outer pressure-bearing shell. Compared with the single-layer shell in the prior art, the double-layer shell has higher strength and higher safety performance.

[0036] Furthermore, the thickness of the sealing shell is h, where h is less than h0, and h0 is the thickness of the existing single-cell plastic shell. The sealing shell in this application is a plastic shell with a relatively small thickness. This application minimizes the thickness of the plastic shell while meeting the requirements for the shell during the formation and normal charge / discharge stages. A thinner plastic shell has relatively better thermal conductivity, which helps dissipate the heat generated by the battery during charging and discharging more quickly to the external environment. This helps reduce the internal temperature of the battery and reduces battery aging and performance degradation caused by high temperatures. Reducing the thickness of the plastic shell reduces the volume of the single-cell battery, allowing more active material to be accommodated in a battery of the same size, increasing the battery's energy density, and thus increasing the energy density of the battery assembly. Thinning the plastic shell means using less plastic material, which helps save material costs and provides an economic advantage for large-scale production and application.

[0037] Furthermore, the pressure-bearing casing can be an iron casing, a steel casing, or a stainless steel casing. Iron casings offer advantages in strength and cost, making them a viable option in scenarios where cost is a primary concern and strength requirements are not particularly stringent. Steel casings provide relatively high strength, offering more reliable protection for the battery and are suitable for applications with high safety and structural strength requirements. Stainless steel casings not only possess excellent strength properties but also outstanding corrosion resistance, enabling them to perform exceptionally well in battery applications facing potentially humid or corrosive environments. This effectively extends battery life and ensures stable operation in complex environments. By providing a variety of metal casing options, this application better adapts to the usage requirements of lithium-ion batteries in different fields and under different operating conditions, achieving a more optimized balance between safety, performance, and cost for individual cells and battery components. This provides strong support for the wider application of lithium-ion battery technology.

[0038] Furthermore, to improve the heat dissipation performance of individual cells, slots or holes for mounting heat transfer tubes are provided on the polar terminals. This application considers heat exchange at the battery polar terminals where heat is concentrated, thereby improving the battery's heat dissipation effect. Specifically, this application provides slots or holes on the polar terminals for mounting heat transfer tubes. After constructing a battery component based on this type of battery, the heat generated inside the battery is conducted to the heat transfer tubes through the polar terminals, and then dissipated by the heat transfer tubes, thus achieving heat dissipation for the battery. The design of the slots or holes allows for a larger contact area between the heat transfer tubes and the polar terminals. Compared to planar contact, this embedded contact method allows for more efficient heat transfer between the heat transfer tubes and the polar terminals, improving the efficiency of heat exchange. In addition, the shape of the slots or holes can provide a certain degree of locking and fixing for the heat transfer tubes, making them less prone to displacement or loosening during use. Especially in working environments with vibration or shaking, this fixing method can ensure that the heat transfer tube and the polar terminal always maintain good contact, thus ensuring the stability of heat exchange.

[0039] Furthermore, each polarity terminal is provided with a functional structure, which is used to increase the heat exchange area of ​​that part of the polarity terminal.

[0040] Furthermore, an impermeable membrane is installed between the semi-finished individual battery and the pressure-bearing casing to prevent the electrolyte inside the semi-finished individual battery from seeping out. This impermeable membrane plays a crucial protective role, firmly locking in the electrolyte. In this way, not only is battery performance degradation that may be caused by electrolyte leakage avoided, but it also prevents it from corroding the pressure-bearing casing, effectively ensuring the safety and stability of the entire battery, extending battery life, and ensuring stable operation under various working conditions.

[0041] The second aspect of this solution provides a battery component, which is characterized by comprising n of the aforementioned individual battery cells.

[0042] Furthermore, the battery component also includes heat exchange components that exchange heat with the polarity terminals. As a crucial connection between the battery's internal and external components, the polarity terminals allow current to flow in and out of the battery during charging and discharging. When heat is generated inside the battery, dissipating heat through the polarity terminals provides a relatively direct heat conduction path. Heat can be rapidly conducted from the battery's interior to the polarity terminals, and then dissipated to the external environment. Additionally, since the polarity terminals are typically located at the positive and negative terminals of the battery, these areas are often where heat is concentrated during charging and discharging. By dissipating heat from the polarity terminals, the temperature of these critical components can be reduced more effectively.

[0043] Furthermore, the heat exchange component is a heat transfer tube; the heat transfer tube is fixed in the through slot or through hole of the polarity terminal of each individual cell. By utilizing the heat transfer tube on the polarity terminal, the heat generated inside the cell is conducted to the heat transfer tube through the polarity terminal, and then the heat transfer tube dissipates the heat to achieve heat dissipation of the cell.

[0044] Furthermore, the heat exchange component is a heat exchange device, which is located on top of each individual battery cell. A polar terminal penetrates the heat exchange device, with at least a portion of its structure located within the heat exchange device's inner cavity and in direct contact with the heat exchange medium. Another portion of the polar terminal's structure is located outside the heat exchange device, serving as an electrical connection. The sidewall of the polar terminal is sealed to the heat exchange device. This direct heat exchange method places a portion of the polar terminal's structure directly within the heat exchange medium's flow cavity (the inner cavity of the heat exchange device), allowing direct contact between the polar terminal and the heat exchange medium, thus achieving heat exchange at the polar terminal. Compared to indirect heat exchange methods, this method has a shorter heat exchange path, and the heat exchange medium acts directly on the polar terminal, improving the utilization efficiency of the heat exchange medium and enhancing the battery's heat exchange efficiency.

[0045] Furthermore, the functional structure of the polar terminal is located inside the heat exchanger, which can further improve the heat exchange effect.

[0046] The third aspect of this solution provides a semi-finished single-cell battery, which is characterized by including a sealed housing and an electrode assembly located within the sealed housing; the sealed housing is a plastic housing, and its strength meets the strength requirements of the housing during the formation stage and the normal charging and discharging stage of the battery.

[0047] Furthermore, the thickness of the sealed housing is h, where h is less than h0, and h0 is the thickness of the existing single-cell plastic housing.

[0048] This application provides a fourth technical solution, which mainly overcomes the problems of poor safety and easy release of harmful substances in existing plastic-cased batteries during thermal runaway.

[0049] The first aspect of this solution provides a single-cell battery, including a single-cell battery body and a pressure-bearing casing; the single-cell battery body is a plastic-cased battery; the single-cell battery body is installed inside the pressure-bearing casing, and the polar terminals of the single-cell battery body extend out of the pressure-bearing casing and are sealed to the pressure-bearing casing; wherein the strength of the pressure-bearing casing meets the strength requirements of the casing during the thermal runaway stage. This application adopts a double-layer casing, that is, a pressure-bearing casing is added to the outer layer of the plastic casing of the existing plastic-cased battery. The strength of the pressure-bearing casing needs to meet the strength requirements of the casing during the thermal runaway stage; that is, the pressure-bearing casing has good strength to ensure that during the thermal runaway stage, even if the internal plastic casing softens, deforms, cracks or even melts, the pressure-bearing casing can maintain structural integrity due to its high strength characteristics, effectively constrain the internal components of the battery, and avoid short circuits caused by direct contact between the positive and negative electrodes. At the same time, the pressure-bearing casing can also form a robust barrier to prevent high-temperature substances, flames and potentially leaking electrolyte inside the battery from being directly exposed to the external environment, thereby greatly reducing the risk of fire and explosion and improving the safety of the entire single-cell battery under extreme conditions.

[0050] Furthermore, the pressure-bearing casing is a metal casing. Metal casings typically possess high mechanical strength, enabling them to withstand significant pressure without easily deforming or being damaged. Simultaneously, metals exhibit excellent thermal conductivity, allowing them to rapidly dissipate heat generated inside the battery during thermal runaway, preventing excessive heat accumulation within the battery and helping to reduce the peak temperature inside, thus further mitigating the severity of thermal runaway.

[0051] Furthermore, the metal casing can be made of iron, steel, or stainless steel. By offering a variety of metal casing materials, it is possible to better adapt to the usage requirements of lithium-ion batteries in different fields and under different operating conditions, enabling a more optimized balance in terms of safety, performance, and cost for individual cells and battery components, thus providing strong support for the wider application of lithium-ion battery technology.

[0052] Furthermore, the polar terminals of the individual battery cell are provided with through slots or holes for mounting heat transfer pipes. Since the individual battery cell has a plastic casing, its heat dissipation performance is poor. This application considers heat exchange at the polar terminals where heat is concentrated, thereby improving the battery's heat dissipation effect. When heat is generated inside the battery, heat dissipation through the polar terminals provides a relatively direct heat conduction path. Heat can be quickly conducted from inside the battery to the polar terminals, and then dissipated from the polar terminals to the external environment. Specifically, this application provides through slots or holes on the polar terminals for mounting heat transfer pipes. After constructing a battery component based on this type of battery, the heat generated inside the battery is conducted through the heat transfer pipes on the polar terminals to the heat transfer pipes, and then dissipated from the heat transfer pipes, thus achieving heat dissipation for the battery. The design of the through slots or holes allows for a larger contact area between the heat transfer pipes and the polar terminals. Compared to planar contact, this embedded contact method allows heat to be transferred more efficiently between the heat transfer pipes and the polar terminals, improving the efficiency of heat exchange. In addition, the shape of the slots or holes can help to lock and fix the heat transfer tubes, making them less prone to displacement or loosening during use. Especially in working environments with vibration or shaking, this fixing method can ensure that the heat transfer tubes maintain good contact with the polar terminals, guaranteeing the stability of heat exchange.

[0053] Furthermore, each polarity terminal is provided with a functional structure, which is used to increase the heat exchange area of ​​that part of the polarity terminal.

[0054] Furthermore, an anti-permeability membrane is provided between the individual battery body and the pressure-bearing casing to prevent the electrolyte inside the individual battery body from permeating outward.

[0055] The second aspect of this solution provides a battery component, which is special in that it includes n of the above-mentioned single cells, where n is an integer greater than 1.

[0056] Furthermore, the battery component also includes heat exchange components that exchange heat with the polarity terminals. As a crucial connection between the battery's internal and external components, the polarity terminals allow current to flow in and out of the battery during charging and discharging. When heat is generated inside the battery, dissipating heat through the polarity terminals provides a relatively direct heat conduction path. Heat can be rapidly conducted from the battery's interior to the polarity terminals, and then dissipated to the external environment. Additionally, since the polarity terminals are typically located at the positive and negative terminals of the battery, these areas are often where heat is concentrated during charging and discharging. By dissipating heat from the polarity terminals, the temperature of these critical components can be reduced more effectively.

[0057] Furthermore, the heat exchange component is a heat transfer tube; the heat transfer tube is fixed in the through slot or through hole of the polarity terminal of each individual cell. By utilizing the heat transfer tube on the polarity terminal, the heat generated inside the cell is conducted to the heat transfer tube through the polarity terminal, and then the heat transfer tube dissipates the heat to achieve heat dissipation of the cell.

[0058] Furthermore, the heat exchange component is a heat exchange device, which is located on top of each individual battery cell. A polar terminal penetrates the heat exchange device, with at least a portion of its structure located within the heat exchange device's inner cavity and in direct contact with the heat exchange medium. Another portion of the polar terminal's structure is located outside the heat exchange device, serving as an electrical connection. The sidewall of the polar terminal is sealed to the heat exchange device. This direct heat exchange method places a portion of the polar terminal's structure directly within the heat exchange medium's flow cavity (the inner cavity of the heat exchange device), allowing direct contact between the polar terminal and the heat exchange medium, thus achieving heat exchange at the polar terminal. Compared to indirect heat exchange methods, this method has a shorter heat exchange path, and the heat exchange medium acts directly on the polar terminal, improving the utilization efficiency of the heat exchange medium and enhancing the battery's heat exchange efficiency.

[0059] Furthermore, the functional structure of the polar terminal is located inside the heat exchanger, which can further improve the heat exchange effect.

[0060] This application provides a fifth technical solution, which mainly overcomes the technical problem of low safety when existing battery components experience thermal runaway.

[0061] The concept behind this solution is as follows: with the continuous growth of market demand, the energy density of batteries is expected to increase continuously while maintaining the same size. This means that the battery interior needs to accommodate more active materials and withstand more intense electrochemical reactions, thus placing higher demands on the casing strength. However, the actual situation is not optimistic; currently, casing strength has not kept pace with demand. Taking a certain cell manufacturer as an example, its 280Ah and 314Ah cell casings are almost identical in size. The direct consequence of this mismatch is a sharp increase in the risk of thermal runaway. When these batteries are assembled into battery components, once thermal runaway occurs, due to insufficient casing strength and poor pressure resistance of the outer packaging, high-temperature and high-pressure gases will quickly break through the battery component's protection and spread in all directions, causing a serious safety accident.

[0062] Given the aforementioned challenging situation, this application takes a unique approach, focusing on the outer packaging casing as the core pressure-bearing structure. Simultaneously, the protective function of the battery casing itself is appropriately weakened to meet the basic strength requirements of the formation process and the normal charging and discharging cycle. This design not only effectively resists the high-pressure impact during thermal runaway thanks to the reinforced outer packaging casing, greatly improving the overall safety of the battery components, but also reduces production costs by reasonably minimizing excessive protection of the battery casing, achieving a balance between safety and economy.

[0063] This technical solution provides a battery component, characterized in that it includes a pressure-bearing housing and n semi-finished individual cells arranged within the pressure-bearing housing, where n is an integer greater than 1; each semi-finished individual cell includes a sealed casing and an electrode assembly located within the sealed casing; the sealed casing is a plastic casing with a strength of P, where P1≤P≤P2; where P1 is the strength requirement of the casing during the formation stage and the normal charge / discharge stage of the battery; P2 is the strength requirement of the casing during the thermal runaway stage; the pressure-bearing housing has the strength required for the casing during the thermal runaway stage, and the pressure-bearing housing is provided with a vent.

[0064] The outer casing of the battery component in this application is a pressure-bearing casing, and its strength needs to meet the strength requirements of the casing during the thermal runaway stage; that is, the pressure-bearing casing is required to have good strength to ensure that during the thermal runaway stage, the pressure-bearing casing can form a solid barrier, effectively isolate high-temperature flames and harmful gases, prevent the spread of thermal runaway, and improve the safety of the battery component after thermal runaway.

[0065] Furthermore, the individual cells in the battery component of this application are semi-finished individual cells, and the sealing shell is a plastic shell, which serves as a cavity for the electrode assembly and electrolyte, and has a sealing function. At the same time, the strength of the sealing shell needs to meet the strength requirements of the shell during the formation stage and the normal charge and discharge stage of the battery; that is, the sealing shell is required to have a certain strength to ensure that it will not break during the formation stage and the normal charge and discharge stage of the battery, as the internal environment of the battery changes, such as temperature and pressure. Compared with the existing finished individual cells, the semi-finished individual cells have a lower cost, thereby making the entire battery component have a lower cost.

[0066] Furthermore, the thickness of the sealing shell is h, where h is less than h0, and h0 is the thickness of a traditional single-cell plastic shell. The sealing shell in this application is a plastic shell with a relatively small thickness. While meeting the requirements for the shell during the formation and normal charge / discharge stages, this application minimizes the thickness of the plastic shell. A thinner plastic shell has relatively better thermal conductivity, which helps dissipate the heat generated by the battery during charging and discharging more quickly to the external environment. This helps reduce the internal temperature of the battery and reduces battery aging and performance degradation caused by high temperatures. By reducing the thickness of the plastic shell, the volume of the semi-finished single-cell battery is reduced. This allows more active material to be accommodated in a battery of the same size, increasing the battery's energy density. Reducing the thickness of the plastic shell means using less plastic material, which helps save material costs and provides an economic advantage for large-scale production and application.

[0067] Furthermore, the pressure-bearing housing is made of iron, steel, or stainless steel. Iron housings offer advantages in strength and cost, making them a viable option in scenarios where cost is a primary concern and strength requirements are not particularly stringent. Steel housings provide relatively high strength, offering more reliable protection for the battery and are suitable for applications with high safety and structural strength requirements. Stainless steel housings not only possess excellent strength properties but also outstanding corrosion resistance, enabling them to perform exceptionally well in battery applications facing humid or corrosive environments. This effectively extends battery life and ensures stable operation in complex environments. By providing a variety of metal housing materials, this application better adapts to the usage requirements of lithium-ion batteries in different fields and under different operating conditions, achieving a more optimized balance in terms of safety, performance, and cost for both semi-finished individual cells and individual semi-finished individual cells.

[0068] Furthermore, the battery component also includes a heat exchange component that exchanges heat with the polarity terminals. As a crucial connection between the battery's internal and external components, the polarity terminals allow current to flow in and out of the battery during charging and discharging. When heat is generated inside the battery, dissipating heat through the polarity terminals provides a relatively direct heat conduction path. Heat can be rapidly conducted from inside the battery to the polarity terminals, and then dissipated from the terminals to the external environment. Additionally, since the polarity terminals are typically located at the positive and negative terminals of the battery, these areas are often where heat is concentrated during charging and discharging. By dissipating heat from the polarity terminals, the temperature of these critical components can be reduced more effectively.

[0069] Furthermore, the heat exchange component is a heat transfer tube; each polarity terminal of the semi-finished individual battery has a through-slot or through-hole for installing the heat transfer tube; the heat transfer tube is fixed within the through-slot or through-hole of each semi-finished individual battery's polarity terminal. Utilizing the heat transfer tube on the polarity terminal, the heat generated inside the battery is conducted through the polarity terminal to the heat transfer tube, and then the heat transfer tube dissipates the heat, thus achieving heat dissipation for the battery. The through-slot or through-hole design allows for a larger contact area between the heat transfer tube and the polarity terminal. Compared to planar contact, this embedded contact method allows for more efficient heat transfer between the heat transfer tube and the polarity terminal, improving heat exchange efficiency. In addition, the shape of the through-slot or through-hole provides a certain degree of locking and fixing for the heat transfer tube, preventing displacement or loosening during use. Especially in vibrating or shaking working environments, this fixing method ensures that the heat transfer tube and the polarity terminal maintain good contact at all times, guaranteeing the stability of heat exchange.

[0070] Furthermore, the heat exchange component is a heat exchange device, which is located on top of each semi-finished single cell. The polar terminal penetrates the heat exchange device, with at least a portion of its structure located within the heat exchange device's inner cavity and in direct contact with the heat exchange medium. Another portion of the polar terminal's structure is located outside the heat exchange device, serving as an electrical connection. The sidewall of the polar terminal is sealed to the heat exchange device. This direct heat exchange method places a portion of the polar terminal's structure directly within the heat exchange medium's flow cavity (the inner cavity of the heat exchange device), allowing direct contact between the polar terminal and the heat exchange medium, thus achieving heat exchange at the polar terminal. Compared to indirect heat exchange methods, this method has a shorter heat exchange path, and the heat exchange medium acts directly on the polar terminal, improving the utilization efficiency of the heat exchange medium and enhancing the battery's heat exchange efficiency.

[0071] Furthermore, each of the polar terminals of the semi-finished single-cell battery is provided with a functional structure, which is used to increase the heat exchange area of ​​the polar terminal at that location; the part of the polar terminal with the functional structure is located in the inner cavity of the heat exchange device.

[0072] Furthermore, insulating sealant layers are provided between each semi-finished individual cell and between each semi-finished individual cell and the pressure tank; the heat exchange components are located within the insulating sealant layers. These insulating sealant layers prevent condensation and also improve the stability of the semi-finished individual cells within the pressure tank.

[0073] Furthermore, the top plate of the pressure-bearing box has clearance holes corresponding to the polarity terminals of each semi-finished individual battery; the area of ​​the top plate of the pressure-bearing box corresponding to the clearance hole is fixedly sealed with the sealing shell of the semi-finished individual battery; the polarity terminals of each semi-finished individual battery extend out of the clearance holes.

[0074] Furthermore, an insulating sealant layer is laid on the top plate of the pressure tank, and the heat exchange components are located within the insulating sealant layer. By laying an insulating sealant layer only on the top plate of the pressure tank, the amount of insulating sealant used can be reduced, thereby lowering the cost of battery components.

[0075] Furthermore, the capacity of the semi-finished single cell is 280Ah or 314Ah, and n equals 13. By limiting the capacity and number of semi-finished single cells contained in the pressure tank, the safety performance of the battery component of this application can be optimized.

[0076] Furthermore, an impermeable membrane is installed between each semi-finished individual battery cell and the pressure tank to prevent the electrolyte inside each cell from seeping out. This membrane plays a crucial protective role, firmly locking in the electrolyte. This not only prevents battery performance degradation that could be caused by electrolyte leakage, but also prevents corrosion of the pressure tank, effectively ensuring the safety and stability of the entire battery, extending its lifespan, and ensuring stable operation under various working conditions.

[0077] This application provides a sixth technical solution, which mainly overcomes the technical problem that the existing single-cell battery explosion relief film is prone to loosening and falling off, resulting in the failure of the explosion relief function.

[0078] The first aspect of this solution provides a housing component for a single battery cell, which includes an upper cover plate, the upper cover plate including an upper cover body and a terminal post; the terminal post is installed on the upper cover body through a terminal post fixing part; the improvement is that it also includes a weak part integrally provided on the upper cover body, and the weak part is provided close to the outside of the terminal post fixing part, the strength of the weak part is less than the strength of the upper cover body, and when the single battery cell experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke breaks through the weak part and is discharged.

[0079] The weak point of this application is integrally set in the upper cover body and closely attached to the pole post fixing part, which has at least the following advantages:

[0080] Regarding structural stability, existing explosion-proof membranes are typically attached to the battery cover body via adhesive or other methods. During long-term use, factors such as corrosion from internal battery chemicals, temperature changes, and mechanical vibrations can cause the connection between the explosion-proof membrane and the cover body to loosen or detach, leading to failure of its explosion-proof function. In contrast, the integrated weak point in this application is a single unit with the cover body, eliminating the risk of loosening or detachment at the connection point. This significantly improves structural stability and reliability, ensuring consistently excellent explosion-proof performance.

[0081] In terms of sealing, achieving an absolute seal at the junction of the existing explosion-proof membrane and the top cover body presents numerous challenges. However, the seamless connection between the integrated weak point and the top cover body effectively ensures the internal sealing of the battery under normal conditions, preventing the intrusion of external substances and providing a better environment for stable battery operation.

[0082] From a cost and manufacturing process perspective, existing explosion-proof membranes require additional materials and complex installation processes, which not only increases production costs but may also lead to inconsistent product quality due to human factors during manufacturing. In contrast, the integrated design of the weak point eliminates the need for additional installation steps during manufacturing, simplifying the production process, reducing production costs, and improving product consistency and quality stability.

[0083] From a practical application perspective, since the terminal temperature of a single battery is high during operation, when a thermal runaway occurs in an existing single battery, the thermal runaway gas may overflow not only from the explosion relief membrane but also from the area surrounding the terminal, making the thermal runaway gas uncontrollable. This application replaces the explosion relief membrane of the existing single battery with the weak part and directly sets it in the area close to the outside of the terminal fixing part. The thermal runaway gas can only overflow from the area surrounding the terminal, improving the controllability of thermal runaway.

[0084] Furthermore, a groove is formed around the lower surface of the top cover, in the area closely adjacent to the terminal post fixing part, creating a weak point. Compared to some methods that create weak points by changing material composition or microstructure, setting a groove is simpler and allows for more intuitive and precise control over the strength and opening pressure of the weak point. Specifically, by controlling parameters such as the depth and width of the groove, the opening of the weak point under a specific pressure can be accurately set, greatly improving the reliability of the explosion relief function; moreover, setting the groove on the lower surface of the top cover does not affect the overall appearance of the battery, and also avoids the safety hazards that would arise if air dust and moisture were trapped in the top cover when the groove is set on the upper surface.

[0085] Furthermore, to prevent the pole from collapsing due to the full opening of the weak points during thermal runaway, at least three connecting ribs are arranged circumferentially within the aforementioned groove. These connecting ribs can support the pole even after the weak points have fully opened.

[0086] Furthermore, during the operation of a single battery cell, the temperature of the positive electrode post is generally higher than that of the negative electrode post, so the weakest part is located near the positive electrode post.

[0087] Furthermore, the top cover body and the weak points integrated into it are made of plastic. In terms of weight, compared to metal, plastic has a lower density, which can significantly reduce the overall weight of the battery. In terms of cost, plastic raw materials are cheaper, and the molding process is simpler. For example, injection molding can be used to mold complex structures in one piece, reducing processing steps and lowering production costs.

[0088] Furthermore, it also includes a liquid injection structure; the liquid injection mechanism includes a liquid injection channel integrally formed on the upper cover body, a sealing plug that is interference-fitted into the liquid injection channel, and a sealing piece that is heat-fused and fixed to the liquid inlet of the liquid injection channel.

[0089] The second aspect of this solution provides a single-cell battery, which is characterized in that: it includes the aforementioned housing component for a single-cell battery, the housing component further includes a cylindrical body and a lower cover plate, and the housing component is formed by an upper cover plate, a cylindrical body and a lower cover plate.

[0090] Furthermore, the strength of the casing component is P, where P1≤P≤P2; where P1 is the strength requirement of the casing during the formation stage and the normal charge / discharge stage of the battery; and P2 is the strength requirement of the casing during the thermal runaway stage. The aforementioned single-cell battery casing component is a sealed casing made of plastic, serving as a cavity for the electrode assembly and electrolyte, and has a sealing function. Simultaneously, the strength of the sealed casing needs to meet the strength requirements of the casing during the formation stage and the normal charge / discharge stage of the battery; that is, the sealed casing needs to have a certain strength to ensure that it will not crack during the formation stage and the normal charge / discharge stage due to changes in the internal environment of the battery, such as temperature and pressure. Compared with existing finished plastic-cased single-cell batteries, this single-cell battery has a lower cost, thus making the overall battery component also have a lower cost.

[0091] The third aspect of this solution provides a battery component, characterized in that it includes a pressure-bearing housing and n individual batteries as described in the second aspect, where n is an integer greater than 1; the n individual batteries are arranged inside the pressure-bearing housing; each individual battery has a venting channel between its weak point and the pressure-bearing housing; the pressure-bearing housing meets the compressive strength requirements during thermal runaway, and the pressure-bearing housing is provided with venting sections corresponding to the venting channels. When an individual battery experiences thermal runaway, the runaway fumes rupture through the weak point, pass through the venting channels, and then rupture through the venting sections before exiting the pressure-bearing housing. The outer housing of the battery component in this application is a pressure-bearing housing, and its strength needs to meet the compressive strength requirements during thermal runaway; that is, it is required to ensure that during thermal runaway, the pressure-bearing housing can form a robust barrier, effectively isolating high-temperature flames and harmful gases, preventing the spread of thermal runaway, and improving the safety of the battery component after thermal runaway.

[0092] Furthermore, the top plate of the aforementioned pressure-bearing housing has clearance holes corresponding to the terminals of each individual battery; each individual battery terminal extends out of the clearance holes; the area of ​​the top plate of the pressure-bearing housing corresponding to the clearance holes is fixedly sealed to the housing component of the individual battery. Extending the individual battery terminals out of the pressure-bearing housing facilitates electrical connections between individual batteries and between the battery components and external equipment.

[0093] Furthermore, a first insulating sealant layer is provided between each individual battery cell inside the pressure-bearing box, and between each individual battery cell and the box.

[0094] Furthermore, the aforementioned battery component also includes a heat exchange component; the portion of each individual battery terminal extending out of the pressure-bearing housing cooperates with the heat exchange component to achieve temperature control of each individual battery; a second insulating sealant layer is laid on the top of the pressure-bearing housing, and at least a portion of the heat exchange component is located within the second insulating sealant layer. During the operation of the battery component, heat easily accumulates at the terminals due to current conduction. The heat exchange component can promptly remove this heat, ensuring that the terminals are always within a suitable operating temperature range. This not only helps maintain the performance stability of the individual batteries within the battery component and reduces battery performance degradation caused by excessive temperature, but also further improves the overall safety and reliability of the battery component, avoiding potential failures caused by localized overheating. The fact that the heat exchange component is partially located within the second insulating sealant layer also prevents condensation on the surface of the heat exchange component from causing short circuits.

[0095] The beneficial effects of this application are:

[0096] 1. The single-cell battery casing component of this application includes a top cover plate, with a weak section integrally formed on the top cover plate as the explosion venting part for the single-cell battery. Compared with the existing structure using an explosion venting membrane as the explosion venting part, it has at least the following advantages: High structural stability; Existing explosion venting membranes are usually attached to the battery top cover plate by adhesive or other means. During long-term use, factors such as corrosion from internal chemical substances, temperature changes, and mechanical vibration may cause the connection between the explosion venting membrane and the top cover body to loosen or fall off, leading to failure of its explosion venting function. In contrast, the integrated weak section in this application is a single unit with the top cover body, eliminating the risk of loosening or falling off at the connection point, greatly improving the stability and reliability of the structure, and maintaining good explosion venting performance at all times. Good sealing performance and low manufacturing cost; Achieving absolute sealing at the joint between the existing explosion venting membrane and the top cover body faces many challenges and requires high costs. In contrast, the integrated weak section in this application is seamlessly connected to the top cover body, ensuring good sealing performance. Furthermore, since no additional installation steps are required during manufacturing, the production process is simplified, production costs are reduced, and product consistency and quality stability are improved.

[0097] 2. The single-cell battery casing component of this application includes a cylindrical body with at least one electrolyte storage chamber within it. The electrolyte storage chamber is interconnected with the electrode assembly receiving chamber. Free electrolyte is stored in the electrolyte storage chamber. The electrolyte possesses a certain thermal conductivity; during battery operation, if the temperature rises, the free electrolyte stored in the electrolyte storage chamber can rapidly absorb heat through heat transfer, dispersing the absorbed heat throughout the casing component and dissipating it through the surface of the casing component. This not only effectively prevents localized overheating of the battery and reduces the risk of thermal runaway, greatly improving battery safety and reliability, but also precisely controls the battery's operating temperature, ensuring stable operation within a suitable temperature range and maintaining high battery performance. Furthermore, the interconnection between the electrolyte storage chamber and the electrode assembly receiving chamber allows the electrolyte to flow and diffuse freely throughout the casing component. During electrode assembly operation, the electrolyte consumed can be replenished promptly, effectively preventing localized areas from having excessively low electrolyte concentrations or drying out, thereby ensuring the consistency and stability of the internal battery reaction and significantly improving the battery's charge and discharge performance.

[0098] 3. The inner casing of the single-cell battery in this application is a sealed plastic casing, serving as a cavity for the electrode assembly and electrolyte, and providing a sealing function. Simultaneously, the strength of the sealed casing must meet the strength requirements of the casing during the formation stage and the normal charge / discharge stage of the battery; that is, the sealed casing must have sufficient strength to ensure that it will not rupture under changes in the internal environment of the battery, such as temperature and pressure, during the formation stage and the normal charge / discharge stage. The outer casing of this application is a pressure-bearing casing, and its strength must meet the strength requirements of the casing during the thermal runaway stage; that is, the pressure-bearing casing must have good strength to ensure that during the thermal runaway stage, it can form a robust thermal barrier, effectively isolating high-temperature flames and harmful gases, and preventing the spread of thermal runaway.

[0099] The single-cell battery of this application adopts a double-layer shell. The inner sealed shell has a certain strength, and combined with the outer pressure-bearing shell, the double-layer shell has higher strength and higher safety performance compared with the single-layer shell in the prior art. In addition, compared with metal materials, plastic sealed shells are relatively lighter and less expensive.

[0100] 4. The sealed casing of the single-cell battery in this application is a plastic casing with a relatively small thickness. While meeting the casing strength requirements during the formation stage, the thickness of the plastic casing is minimized as much as possible. A thinner plastic casing has relatively better thermal conductivity, which helps dissipate heat generated during charging and discharging more quickly to the external environment. This helps reduce the internal temperature of the battery and minimizes battery aging and performance degradation caused by high temperatures. Reducing the thickness of the plastic casing reduces the volume of the single-cell battery, allowing more active material to be accommodated in a battery of the same size, increasing the battery's energy density and thus the energy density of the battery assembly. Thinning the plastic casing means using less plastic material, which helps save material costs and provides an economic advantage for large-scale production and application. The pressure-bearing casing uses iron, steel, or stainless steel, which has higher pressure-bearing strength than aluminum casings, improving battery safety performance and allowing for larger capacity single-cell batteries.

[0101] 5. This application employs a double-layer casing, specifically adding a pressure-bearing casing over the existing plastic casing of a plastic-cased battery. This offers at least the following advantages: Enhanced safety: By adding a pressure-bearing casing that meets specific strength requirements, the possibility of fire, explosion, or other dangerous situations caused by thermal runaway of a single plastic-cased battery is significantly reduced. In the event of thermal runaway, the pressure-bearing casing can withstand internal pressure changes and high temperatures, preventing further short circuits and deterioration of thermal runaway, thus providing more reliable protection for battery safety during use. Reduced risk of hazardous substance release: Because the pressure-bearing casing effectively isolates high-temperature flames and harmful gases, preventing the spread of thermal runaway, it also reduces the release of harmful substances from the plastic casing due to high-temperature decomposition. Simultaneously, it also acts as a barrier against electrolyte leakage, further reducing the harm of hazardous substances to the environment and personnel, effectively controlling the impact of the battery on the surrounding environment in the event of thermal runaway.

[0102] 6. The outer casing of the battery component in this application is a pressure-bearing casing, and its strength needs to meet the strength requirements of the casing during the thermal runaway stage. That is, the pressure-bearing casing needs to have good strength to ensure that during the thermal runaway stage, it can form a robust thermal barrier, effectively isolating high-temperature flames and harmful gases, preventing the spread of thermal runaway, and improving the safety of the battery component after thermal runaway. In addition, the individual cells inside the battery component in this application are semi-finished individual cells, and their casings are sealed plastic casings. These casings serve as containment cavities for the electrode components and electrolyte, providing a sealing function. Simultaneously, the strength of the sealed casing needs to meet the strength requirements of the casing during the formation stage and the normal charge / discharge stage of the battery. That is, the sealed casing needs to have a certain strength to ensure that it will not rupture during the formation stage and the normal charge / discharge stage, despite changes in the internal environment of the battery, such as temperature and pressure. Compared to existing finished individual cells, these semi-finished individual cells have a lower cost, thus making the entire battery component also lower in cost.

[0103] 7. The single-cell battery casing component of this application includes a top cover plate, with a weak section integrally formed on the top cover plate. This weak section is located near the terminal post on the top cover body. Compared to existing structures using a venting membrane as the venting part, this design offers at least the following advantages: High structural stability; Existing venting membranes are typically attached to the battery top cover body via adhesive or other methods. During long-term use, factors such as corrosion from internal battery chemicals, temperature changes, and mechanical vibrations can cause the connection between the venting membrane and the top cover body to loosen or detach, leading to failure of the venting function. In contrast, the integrally formed weak section in this application is a single unit with the top cover body, eliminating the risk of loosening or detachment, significantly improving structural stability and reliability, and maintaining excellent venting performance. Good sealing performance and low manufacturing cost; Achieving absolute sealing at the junction of the existing venting membrane and the top cover body presents numerous challenges and requires significant investment. The integrally formed weak section in this application seamlessly connects to the top cover body, ensuring good sealing performance. Furthermore, the elimination of additional installation steps during manufacturing simplifies the production process, reduces production costs, and improves product consistency and quality stability. Controllable emission of thermal runaway gas with high safety: From a practical application perspective, due to the high temperature of the terminal block during the operation of a single battery, when a thermal runaway occurs in an existing single battery, the thermal runaway gas may overflow not only from the explosion relief membrane but also from the area around the terminal block, making the thermal runaway gas of the single battery uncontrollable. This application replaces the explosion relief membrane of the existing single battery with the weak part and directly sets it in the area close to the periphery of the terminal block. The thermal runaway gas can only overflow from the area around the terminal block, improving the controllability of thermal runaway. Attached Figure Description

[0104] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the casing component for a single battery in Example 1;

[0105] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single cell in Example 1;

[0106] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the casing component for a single battery in Example 2;

[0107] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single cell in Example 2;

[0108] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the casing component for a single battery in Example 3;

[0109] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single cell in Example 3;

[0110] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first type of battery component in Example 4;

[0111] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the first type of battery component in Example 4;

[0112] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the second type of battery component in Example 4;

[0113] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the third type of battery component in Example 4;

[0114] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of another battery component in Example 4;

[0115] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of another battery component in Example 4.

[0116] Figure 13 is a first-view exploded structural diagram of the single-cell battery casing component in Example 5;

[0117] Figure 14 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the single-cell battery casing component in Example 5;

[0118] Figure 15 is a second-view exploded structural diagram of the housing component for a single battery in Example 5;

[0119] Figure 16 is an exploded structural diagram of the single-cell battery casing component in Example 6;

[0120] Figure 17 is an exploded structural diagram of the single-cell battery casing component in Example 7;

[0121] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the battery component in Example 9;

[0122] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the battery component in Example 9.

[0123] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single cell in Example 10;

[0124] Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a single cell in Example 10;

[0125] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single cell in Example 11;

[0126] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the battery component in Example 12;

[0127] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the battery component in Example 12;

[0128] Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the battery component in Example 13;

[0129] Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of the heat exchange tubes in Example 13;

[0130] Figure 27 is a cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger tubes in Example 13;

[0131] Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of the first exploded structure of the battery component in Example 14;

[0132] Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of the second exploded structure of the battery component in Example 14;

[0133] Figure 30 is a schematic diagram of the heat exchange sleeve in Example 14;

[0134] Figure 31 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another heat exchange sleeve in Example 14;

[0135] Figure 32 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single cell in Example 15;

[0136] Figure 33 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a single cell in Example 15;

[0137] Figure 34 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single cell in Example 16;

[0138] Figure 35 is a schematic diagram of the battery component in Example 17;

[0139] Figure 36 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the battery component in Example 17;

[0140] Figure 37 is a schematic diagram of the battery component in Example 18;

[0141] Figure 38 is a schematic diagram of the heat exchange tubes in Example 18;

[0142] Figure 39 is a cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger tubes in Example 18;

[0143] Figure 40 is a schematic diagram of the first exploded structure of the battery component in Example 19;

[0144] Figure 41 is a schematic diagram of the second exploded structure of the battery component in Example 19;

[0145] Figure 42 is a schematic diagram of the heat exchange sleeve in Example 19;

[0146] Figure 43 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another heat exchange sleeve in Example 19;

[0147] Figure 44 is a schematic diagram of the battery component in Example 20;

[0148] Figure 45 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the battery component in Example 20;

[0149] Figure 46 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the semi-finished single cell in Example 20;

[0150] Figure 47 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the semi-finished single cell in Example 20;

[0151] Figure 48 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the battery component in Example 21;

[0152] Figure 49 is a partial exploded view of the battery component in Example 21;

[0153] Figure 50 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the semi-finished single cell in Example 21;

[0154] Figure 51 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the battery component in Example 22;

[0155] Figure 52 is a schematic diagram of the heat exchange tubes in Example 22;

[0156] Figure 53 is a cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger tubes in Example 22;

[0157] Figure 54 is a partial exploded view of the battery component in Example 23;

[0158] Figure 55 is a partial exploded view of the battery component in Example 23;

[0159] Figure 56 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first type of heat exchange sleeve in Example 23;

[0160] Figure 57 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second type of heat exchange sleeve in Example 23;

[0161] Figure 58 is an exploded view of the battery component in Example 25;

[0162] Figure 59 is a schematic diagram of the battery component in Example 25;

[0163] Figure 60 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the top cover plate of a single battery in Example 26;

[0164] Figure 61 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the top cover plate of a single battery in Example 26;

[0165] Figure 62 is a cross-sectional view of the top cover of a single battery cell in Example 26;

[0166] Figure 63 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single cell in Example 27;

[0167] Figure 64 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single cell in Example 28;

[0168] Figure 65 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single cell in Example 28;

[0169] Figure 66 is a schematic diagram of the battery component in Example 29;

[0170] Figure 67 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the battery component in Example 30.

[0171] Reference numerals: 11. Upper cover body; 12. Through groove; 13. Cylinder; 14. Lower cover plate; 15. Groove; 16. Through hole; 17. Pressure-bearing box; 18. Individual battery; 19. Heat exchange component; 110. Polar terminal; 111. Explosion vent; 112. Clearance hole; 113. Second channel; 21. Upper cover plate; 211. Stepped structure; 22. Cylinder; 23. Lower cover plate; 231. Boss; 24. Partition; 25. First chamber; 26. Second chamber; 27. Rib; 28. Individual battery; 29. ​​Pressure-bearing box; 210. Heat exchange component; 212. Geomembrane; 31. Individual battery; 32. Semi-finished individual battery 321. Pool; 322. Polar terminal; 322. Sealed shell; 3221. Lower cover plate; 3222. Cylinder; 3223. Upper cover plate; 3224. Through groove; 3225. Annular groove; 33. Pressure-bearing shell; 34. Heat transfer tube; 35. Heat exchange fitting; 351. Through hole; 3512. Bottom port; 3513. Top port; 36. Heat exchange sleeve; 3311. Hollow component; 3312. Annular sealing plate; 3313. First through hole; 3314. Liquid inlet pipe; 3315. Liquid outlet pipe; 41. Single cell; 42. Single cell body; 421. Polar terminal; 4224. Through groove; 4225. Annular groove; 43. Pressure-bearing shell; 44. Heat transfer tube; 45. Heat exchange fittings; 451. Through hole; 4512. Bottom port; 4513. Top port; 46. Heat exchange sleeve; 4311. Hollow component; 4312. Annular sealing plate; 4313. First through hole; 4314. Liquid inlet pipe; 4315. Liquid outlet pipe; 51. Pressure-bearing box; 511. Top plate of pressure-bearing box; 512. Clearance hole; 52. Semi-finished single cell; 521. Sealed shell; 522. Polar terminal; 5221. Through groove; 5222. Annular groove; 5211. Cylinder; 5212. Upper cover plate; 5213. Lower cover plate; 53. Heat transfer tube; 5 4. Heat exchanger fittings; 541. Through hole; 5412. Bottom port; 5413. Top port; 55. Heat exchanger sleeve; 5311. Hollow component; 5312. Annular sealing plate; 5313. First through hole; 5314. Liquid inlet pipe; 5315. Liquid outlet pipe; 61. Upper cover body; 62. Groove; 63. Cylinder; 64. Lower cover plate; 65. Liquid injection mechanism; 651. Liquid injection channel; 652. Sealing plug; 653. Sealing piece; 66. First recess; 67. Pressure tank; 68. Single cell; 69. Heat exchanger component; 610. Electrode; 611. Explosion vent; 612. Clearance hole; 613. First boss. Detailed Implementation

[0172] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0173] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of this application. However, this application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0174] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "top," "bottom," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0175] This application requires explanations of some technical terms:

[0176] I. A housing component for a single battery cell refers to one or more of the upper cover, lower cover, or cylindrical body of a single battery cell. That is to say, the housing component for a single battery cell may refer to different things in different technical solutions in this application; it may be only the upper cover, only the lower cover, or only the cylindrical body; or the upper cover, lower cover, and cylindrical body may constitute an integral component.

[0177] II. The single cell in this application can be a battery structure with a single-layer shell or a battery structure with a double-layer shell. That is to say, it refers to different things in different technical solutions. It can be a battery structure with a single-layer shell formed by the above-mentioned shell components, or a semi-finished single cell with a single-layer shell, or a double-layer shell battery structure including a semi-finished single cell and a pressure-bearing shell, or a double-layer shell battery structure including a single cell body and a pressure-bearing shell.

[0178] Third, the battery components refer to different things in different technical solutions. They can be structures that include only multiple individual cells, or they can be structures that include a pressure-bearing box and multiple individual cells.

[0179] The following are several technical solutions for improving and optimizing the battery casing or housing to enhance battery safety during use.

[0180] This application provides a first technical solution that optimizes the top cover of a single battery cell, mainly overcoming the technical problem that the existing single battery cell explosion relief film is prone to loosening and falling off, leading to the failure of the explosion relief function.

[0181] The explosion venting membrane on existing single-cell batteries is usually attached to the battery cover by adhesive or other means. However, during long-term use, due to factors such as corrosion from internal battery chemicals, temperature changes, and mechanical vibrations, the connection between the explosion venting membrane and the cover may become loose or detach, leading to the failure of its explosion venting function.

[0182] Based on this, this application discloses a casing component for a single-cell battery, which includes a top cover plate. Unlike conventional top covers plate, this application integrates a weak section on the top cover body as a venting section for the single-cell battery. When thermal runaway occurs inside the single-cell battery and the internal pressure reaches a certain requirement, the thermal runaway fumes rupture through the weak section to form an opening and are discharged from the opening. Compared to the conventional design where the venting membrane and the top cover body are separate components, this application integrates the top cover body and the weak section, offering significant advantages.

[0183] First, in a split design, sealing the junction between the explosion-proof membrane and the top cover is challenging. It requires special sealants, complex sealing structures, and high-precision machining, resulting in high costs and complex processes. Even then, sealing failure can still occur due to material aging, temperature changes, and other factors, leading to the failure of the explosion-proof function. In contrast, this application features an integrated design with seamless connection, inherently possessing excellent sealing performance. It eliminates the risk of loosening or detachment at the connection points, significantly improving structural stability and reliability, and maintaining consistently good explosion-proof performance. Second, split designs require substantial investment to achieve optimal sealing. This integrated design avoids expensive sealing materials and complex installation processes, significantly reducing costs. This results in significant economic benefits during mass production. Furthermore, the integrated design reduces the scrap rate due to poor sealing, further lowering overall costs. Third, compared to split designs, the integrated design has a more uniform stress distribution at weak points, enabling reliable opening under set pressure. This avoids premature opening or failure to open, providing more reliable protection for safe operation under extreme battery conditions and enhancing battery stability and safety. Finally, the integrated design simplifies the top cover structure, reduces the number of parts, and makes battery assembly more convenient and efficient. In contrast, separate manufacturing and reassembly of the seals increases manufacturing uncertainty and the difficulty of quality control.

[0184] It should be noted that:

[0185] 1. The aforementioned weak part is integrally formed with the upper cover body, that is, the weak part and the upper cover body are a single piece.

[0186] 2. The strength of the aforementioned weak point is less than the strength of the rest of the top cover body to ensure that the weak point is the first to open in the event of thermal runaway. However, the strength of the weak point cannot be too low either; if the strength is too low, the weak point may deform due to insufficient strength before thermal runaway occurs, thus affecting battery performance. Therefore, during the design phase, it is necessary to comprehensively consider various stresses that the top cover body will experience during normal battery operation, including internal pressure and external vibration. By rationally designing the corresponding structural dimensions of the weak point, while ensuring the structural stability of the top cover body under normal operating conditions, it is also ensured that the weak point can reliably perform its explosion-proof function in the event of thermal runaway.

[0187] 3. A recessed area can be provided on the upper cover body. This recessed area is usually provided on the upper surface and / or lower surface of the upper cover body. That is, the recessed area can be recessed from the upper surface of the upper cover body to the lower surface, or from the lower surface of the upper cover body to the upper surface. The recessed area can be presented as a groove, blind hole or other different structures. When it is on the upper surface of the upper cover body, the recessed area can also be a through groove.

[0188] 4. Alternatively, a weak part can be formed by opening a through hole along the width or length direction on the upper cover body, that is, the opening of the through hole is located on the side wall of the upper cover body.

[0189] 5. Alternatively, an annular groove can be made on the upper cover body, and the area enclosed by the annular groove can be used as a weak point.

[0190] Example 1

[0191] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the housing component for a single battery in this embodiment. It includes an upper cover plate, which includes an upper cover body 11. A through groove 12 is formed on the upper surface of the upper cover body 11, and the area of ​​the upper cover body 11 corresponding to the bottom of the through groove 12 is regarded as a weak part.

[0192] In this embodiment, the top cover body 11 is made of plastic and can be integrally molded using injection molding to form the top cover body 11 with the through groove 12. The low density of plastic material significantly reduces the overall weight of the battery. Simultaneously, thanks to the good plasticity of plastic, the injection molding process allows for precise shaping of the through groove 12 structure, ensuring the accuracy of the through groove 12's dimensions and shape. Integral molding also avoids additional seams, ensuring the overall sealing of the top cover body 11 and effectively preventing the intrusion of external impurities. Furthermore, the injection molding process is low-cost and highly efficient, reducing processing steps and production costs, resulting in significant economic benefits in large-scale production.

[0193] In some other embodiments, a metal cover body can also be used, and a through groove can be formed on the cover body through a stamping process.

[0194] In this application, for ease of description, the width direction of the upper cover body 11 is defined as the x-direction, the length direction as the y-direction, and the thickness direction as the z-direction.

[0195] As shown in Figure 1, in this embodiment, the through-slot 12 penetrates the upper cover body 11 along the x-direction and is located between the two polarity terminals 110 of the upper cover body 11. From a thermal management perspective, the polarity terminals 110 are usually the concentrated areas of battery heat generation. Placing the weak point near the two polarity terminals 110 can promptly dissipate the heat generated by thermal runaway, effectively alleviating local high temperatures and optimizing the internal heat distribution of the battery. In terms of structural layout, this arrangement makes the battery upper cover body 11 more compact and reasonable. Compared to placing the weak point in other locations, it reduces interference with other functional areas of the battery, achieving a more efficient layout within a limited space.

[0196] In some other embodiments, the through slot 12 can also extend through the upper cover body 11 along the length of the upper cover body 11, avoiding the location of the polarity terminal 110.

[0197] The depth and width of the through-slot 12 can be set according to specific needs to ensure that the area of ​​the upper cover body 11 where the bottom of the through-slot 12 is located can be opened under a set pressure. However, it should be noted that the depth and width of the through-slot 12 should not be too large. If the size exceeds a reasonable range, the through-slot 12 may deform due to insufficient strength when the battery has not experienced thermal runaway, thereby affecting battery performance. Therefore, during the design phase, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the various stresses that the upper cover body 11 will bear during normal battery operation, including internal pressure and external vibration. By reasonably planning the corresponding dimensions of the through-slot 12, while ensuring the structural stability of the upper cover body 11 under normal operating conditions, it is also ensured that the through-slot 12 can reliably perform its explosion-proof function in the event of thermal runaway.

[0198] As shown in Figure 2, the single-cell battery 18 with the upper cover plate of this embodiment includes a housing component, which is formed by a cylindrical body 13, a lower cover plate 14, and the aforementioned upper cover plate. Corresponding to the upper cover plate, both the cylindrical body 13 and the lower cover plate 14 in this embodiment are made of plastic. The lower cover plate 14 and the cylindrical body 13 can be molded in one piece using injection molding, eliminating the need for separate processing and assembly. This greatly reduces production steps and shortens the production cycle. Moreover, during the molding process, the material is evenly distributed and tightly bonded, making the connection between the battery lower cover plate 14 and the cylindrical body 13 more robust and the overall structural strength higher. In addition, reinforcing ribs can be integrally molded on the cylindrical body 13, effectively increasing the bending, compressive, and torsional resistance of the cylindrical body 13.

[0199] In this embodiment, since both the top cover body 11 and the cylindrical body 13 are made of plastic, a heat-sealing connection can be used. Heat-sealing ensures a continuous, uniform, and tight connection between the top cover body 11 and the cylindrical body 13, resulting in extremely high stability. External water, dust, and other impurities cannot enter the battery, providing excellent protection for the electrode components and ensuring the battery's performance and lifespan. Furthermore, the heat-sealing process is simple, and the parameters are easy to control.

[0200] It should be noted that the plastic material selected in this application should possess the following properties: 1. Sufficient strength to ensure the stability of the battery structure; 2. Chemical corrosion resistance to resist electrolyte corrosion; 3. Barrier properties to effectively prevent leakage of electrolyte, gas, and other substances from the battery, while also preventing external impurities such as moisture and oxygen from entering the battery; 4. Good thermal stability, as the battery generates heat during charging and discharging, especially at high rates. The plastic material needs to maintain stable performance within a certain temperature range and should not soften, deform, or decompose due to high temperatures.

[0201] The plastic material used can be the same material used in existing plastic-cased single-cell batteries 18, or the plastic material disclosed in Chinese patents CN106543551A and CN106977894A.

[0202] To further reduce costs, the strength of the casing components of the single-cell battery 18 meets certain requirements in this embodiment. However, this embodiment does not require the casing components to meet the strength requirements for the thermal runaway stage; it only needs to meet the strength requirements for the formation stage and the normal charge / discharge process. (Correspondingly, the strength of any weak points on the casing should also meet the strength requirements for the formation stage and the normal charge / discharge process.) During the formation stage and the normal charge / discharge process, the battery undergoes a series of chemical reactions and physical changes. During this process, certain pressure and heat are generated inside the battery. The casing components need to have sufficient strength to withstand this pressure and heat to ensure the smooth progress of the formation process and the normal use of the battery.

[0203] We can assume that the strength of the above-mentioned shell component is P, P1≤P≤P2; where P1 is the strength requirement of the shell component during the formation stage and the normal charging and discharging stage of the battery; and P2 is the strength requirement of the shell component during the thermal runaway stage.

[0204] Under the premise of meeting the above strength requirements, in this embodiment, the thickness of the shell components (cylinder 13, upper cover body 11, and lower cover plate 14) is h, where h is less than h0, and h0 is the thickness of the plastic shell of a conventional single-cell battery 18; the thickness of the plastic shell of a conventional single-cell battery 18 is typically 5-8 mm. In this embodiment, the thickness of the shell components can be between 1-4 mm, and the thickness of the upper cover body 11 corresponding to the bottom of the through groove 12 is less than the thickness of the rest of the upper cover body 11. By reducing the thickness of the shell components of a conventional single-cell battery 18 with a plastic shell, better heat dissipation can be achieved, and the battery energy density can also be increased. In addition, reducing the thickness of the plastic shell means using less plastic material, which helps to save material costs and provides an economic advantage for large-scale production and application.

[0205] Example 2

[0206] Unlike Embodiment 1, this embodiment features a groove 15 on the lower surface of the upper cover body 11, with the area of ​​the upper cover body 11 corresponding to the bottom of the groove 15 serving as a weak point. Specifically, as shown in Figure 3, the groove 15 extends along the x-direction in this embodiment, similar to Embodiment 1, and is located between the two polarity terminals 110. The depth and width of the groove 15 can be set according to specific requirements to ensure that the area of ​​the upper cover body 11 where the bottom of the groove 15 is located can be opened under a set pressure.

[0207] However, it is also important to note that the depth and width of the groove 15 should not be too large. If the dimensions exceed a reasonable range, the groove 15 may deform due to insufficient strength when the battery has not experienced thermal runaway, thereby affecting battery performance. Therefore, during the design phase, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the various stresses that the cover body 11 will bear during normal battery operation, including internal pressure and external vibration. By rationally planning the corresponding dimensions of the groove 15, it is possible to ensure the structural stability of the cover body 11 under normal operating conditions while ensuring that the groove 15 can reliably perform its explosion-proof function in the event of thermal runaway.

[0208] Compared to the through groove 12 on the upper surface of the cover body 11 in Embodiment 1, this embodiment can better maintain the flatness of the battery cover body 11. In addition, during normal operation of the single battery cell 18, the inner cavity of the groove 15 can serve as a gas storage cavity, where the gas generated inside the single battery cell 18 can be stored, thus reducing the degree of bulging of the casing components of the single battery cell 18.

[0209] As shown in Figure 4, the single-cell battery 18 with the upper cover plate of this embodiment includes a housing component, which is formed by the cylindrical body 13, the lower cover plate 14, and the aforementioned upper cover plate. Except for the upper cover plate, which differs from that of Embodiment 1, the rest of the structure is the same as that of Embodiment 1, and will not be described again here.

[0210] Example 3

[0211] Unlike the above embodiments, this embodiment has a through hole 16 on the upper cover body 11 along its width direction, forming a weak part.

[0212] As shown in Figure 5, this embodiment also uses a plastic cover body 11, which can be integrally molded using injection molding process to form a cover body 11 with a through hole 16. As can be seen from the figure, in this embodiment, the through hole 16 penetrates the cover body 11 along the width direction and is located between the two polarity terminals 110 of the cover body 11.

[0213] In some other embodiments, through holes 16 along the length of the upper cover body 11 can also be formed to create a weak point. The cross-sectional shape and size of the through hole 16 can be set according to specific needs to ensure that the area of ​​the upper cover body 11 where the bottom of the through hole 16 is located can be opened under a set pressure. However, it should also be noted that the through hole 16 cannot be too large. If it exceeds a reasonable range, the through hole 16 may deform due to insufficient strength when the battery has not experienced thermal runaway, thereby affecting the battery performance. Therefore, during the design phase, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the various stresses that the upper cover body 11 bears during normal battery operation, including internal pressure and external vibration. By reasonably planning the corresponding size of the through hole 16, while ensuring the structural stability of the upper cover body 11 under normal operating conditions, it is also ensured that the through hole 16 can reliably perform its explosion-proof function in the event of thermal runaway.

[0214] Compared to the weak point in Embodiment 1, this embodiment can better maintain the flatness of the battery cover body 11.

[0215] As shown in Figure 6, this is a single battery 18 with the top cover plate of this embodiment. Except for the top cover plate, which is different from that of Embodiment 1, the rest of the structure is the same as that of Embodiment 1, and will not be described again here.

[0216] Example 4

[0217] This embodiment is a battery component, including a pressure-bearing housing 17 and 12 individual battery cells 18 as described in the above embodiments. In other embodiments, the number of individual battery cells 18 can be adjusted according to actual needs. Its structure is shown in Figures 7 to 10. Figure 8 uses the individual battery cell 18 from Embodiment 1 as an example. Figure 9 uses the individual battery cell 18 from Embodiment 2 as an example. Figure 10 uses the individual battery cell 18 from Embodiment 3 as an example.

[0218] The 12 individual cells 18 in the above embodiments are arranged inside the pressure-bearing box 17, forming a venting channel between the individual cells where the pressure-bearing box is weak.

[0219] In Figure 8, the weak points are through slots. When the through slots of each individual battery are connected, a venting channel is formed. This venting channel is located between the weak points of each individual battery and the pressure-bearing housing. Alternatively, a channel can be set on the pressure-bearing housing, covering the through slots of each individual battery and forming a venting channel with a larger cavity.

[0220] In Figure 9, the weak part is a groove opened on the lower surface of the upper cover body. A second channel 113 needs to be set on the pressure box. The second channel covers the weak part of each individual battery cell and forms a venting channel between the two weak parts of the individual battery cells.

[0221] In Figure 10, the weak part is the through hole opened on the upper cover body. The through holes of each individual battery are connected to form an explosion relief channel. This explosion relief channel is also located between the weak part (bottom of the through hole) and the pressure box.

[0222] The pressure tank 17 is provided with an explosion relief part 111 corresponding to the explosion relief channel (the explosion relief part 111 here can also be called an explosion-proof part, explosion-proof port or explosion relief port, etc., and is usually provided with a pressure relief valve or explosion relief membrane, etc.); when the single cell 18 thermally runs away, the thermal runaway flue gas breaks through the weak part, passes through the explosion relief channel, breaks through the explosion relief part 111 and is discharged from the pressure tank 17.

[0223] In the initial stage of thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas can be discharged in an orderly manner through the explosion relief channel, effectively preventing it from spreading into the pressure box 17 of the battery components, thereby preventing further deterioration of the thermal runaway situation.

[0224] The strength of the pressure-bearing enclosure 17 needs to meet the strength requirements of the enclosure during thermal runaway, meaning that the pressure-bearing enclosure 17 needs to have good strength. This design not only effectively resists the high-pressure impact during thermal runaway with the reinforced outer enclosure, greatly improving the overall safety of the battery component; especially when plastic material is used as the casing component of the internal individual battery cells 18, the pressure-bearing enclosure 17 can form a robust thermal barrier. Even in the extreme case where the casing component of the individual battery cells 18 melts, it can effectively isolate high-temperature flames and harmful gases, prevent the spread of thermal runaway, and improve the safety of the battery component after thermal runaway. In addition, when plastic material is used as the casing component of the internal individual battery cells 18, an anti-seepage membrane can also be provided between each individual battery cell 18 and the pressure-bearing enclosure 17 to prevent the electrolyte inside each individual battery cell 18 from seeping out.

[0225] Compared to other materials, the metal pressure tank 17 is more reliable in emergency situations such as thermal runaway. It can withstand greater impact and destructive forces, reducing the likelihood of accidents and protecting the safety of personnel and surrounding equipment. In this embodiment, the pressure tank 17 does not directly contact the electrolyte, so an iron, steel, or stainless steel shell can be used. An iron shell offers advantages in strength and cost, making it a viable option in scenarios where cost is a primary concern and strength requirements are not particularly stringent. A steel shell provides relatively high strength, offering more reliable protection for the battery and is suitable for applications with high safety and structural strength requirements. A stainless steel shell not only possesses good strength properties but also excellent corrosion resistance, making it perform well in battery applications that may face humid or corrosive environments. This effectively extends battery life and ensures stable operation in complex environments.

[0226] As shown in Figures 11 and 12, in this embodiment, a clearance hole 112 is provided on the top plate of the pressure-bearing box corresponding to the polarity terminal 110 of each individual battery 18; the polarity terminal 110 of each individual battery 18 extends out of the clearance hole 112; the top plate area of ​​the pressure-bearing box corresponding to the clearance hole 112 is fixedly sealed with the housing component of the individual battery 18.

[0227] To optimize the heat dissipation performance of the aforementioned battery components, this embodiment may further include a heat exchange component 19 for heat exchange at the polarity terminal 110. As a crucial component connecting the battery's internal structure to the external environment, the polarity terminal 110 allows current to flow in and out of the battery during charging and discharging. When heat is generated inside the battery, heat dissipation through the polarity terminal 110 provides a relatively direct heat conduction path. Heat can be rapidly conducted from inside the battery to the polarity terminal 110, and then dissipated from the polarity terminal 110 to the external environment. Furthermore, since the polarity terminal 110 is typically located at the positive and negative terminals of the battery, these areas are often where heat is concentrated during charging and discharging. By dissipating heat from the polarity terminal 110, the temperature of these critical components can be reduced more effectively.

[0228] The heat exchange component 19 is a heat transfer tube; each polarity terminal 110 of the individual cell 18 is provided with a through groove 12 or through hole for installing the heat transfer tube; the heat transfer tube is fixed in the through groove 12 or through hole of each polarity terminal 110 of the individual cell 18. By using the heat transfer tube on the polarity terminal 110, the heat generated inside the battery is conducted to the heat transfer tube through the polarity terminal 110, and then the heat transfer tube dissipates the heat to achieve heat dissipation of the battery.

[0229] The heat exchange component 19 can also be a heat exchange device, which is disposed on top of each individual battery cell 18. A polar terminal 110 penetrates the heat exchange device, with at least a portion of its structure located within the heat exchange device's inner cavity and in direct contact with the heat exchange medium. Another portion of the polar terminal 110's structure is located outside the heat exchange device, serving as an electrical connection. The sidewall of the polar terminal 110 is sealed to the heat exchange device. By employing a direct heat exchange method, a portion of the polar terminal 110's structure is directly placed within the heat exchange medium flow cavity (the inner cavity of the heat exchange device), allowing the polar terminal 110 to directly contact the heat exchange medium and achieve heat exchange at the polar terminal 110. Compared to indirect heat exchange methods, this method has a shorter heat exchange path, and the heat exchange medium directly acts on the polar terminal 110, improving the utilization efficiency of the heat exchange medium and enhancing the battery's heat exchange efficiency.

[0230] In this embodiment, an insulating sealant layer can also be provided between each individual battery cell 18 and between each individual battery cell 18 and the pressure-bearing housing. The insulating sealant layer is mainly laid in the space between each individual battery cell 18 and the pressure-bearing housing, and the heat exchange components 19 inside the pressure-bearing housing are all located within the insulating sealant layer; when there is a gap between each individual battery cell 18, the insulating sealant liquid can also penetrate into the gap to form an insulating sealant layer.

[0231] It should be noted that no insulating sealant layer is installed inside the explosion venting channel. In this embodiment, the insulating sealant layer has at least the following advantages:

[0232] 1. Anti-condensation: During long-term use, condensation will form on the surface of the heat exchange component 19 due to the temperature difference between the inside and outside. When the condensation accumulates to a certain amount, it may cause a short circuit. By laying an insulating sealant layer to completely wrap the heat exchange component 19, when condensation forms on the surface of the heat exchange component 19, the battery short circuit can be prevented under the protection of the insulating sealant layer.

[0233] Second, further improve the stability of each individual battery cell 18 within the pressure tank; the insulating sealant penetrates into the gaps between each individual battery cell 18 and between each individual battery cell 18 and the pressure tank, which can further improve the stability of each individual battery cell 18 within the pressure tank.

[0234] When the structure shown in Figures 11 and 12 is adopted, an insulating sealant layer can also be laid on the top plate of the pressure tank, and the heat exchange component 19 is located inside the insulating sealant layer. When condensation occurs on the surface of the heat exchange component 19, the battery short circuit can be prevented under the protection of the insulating sealant layer.

[0235] This application provides a second technical solution, which optimizes the casing of a single battery cell, mainly to alleviate the heat generation problem of the single battery cell during use.

[0236] Individual battery cells heating up during use is a common phenomenon. However, if not addressed promptly, the consequences can be severe. When a battery cell heats up, the internal chemical reactions accelerate, generating even more heat. If this heat cannot dissipate quickly enough, the battery temperature will continue to rise. As the temperature increases, the internal pressure of the battery also gradually increases. In this situation, thermal runaway is highly likely to occur. Once thermal runaway occurs, it will lead to a series of serious consequences. First, the battery may explode, releasing enormous energy and causing serious injury to surrounding personnel and equipment. Second, thermal runaway may also cause a fire that spreads rapidly and is difficult to control, potentially resulting in a serious safety accident.

[0237] Based on this, this application provides a housing component for a single-cell battery. This housing component includes a cylindrical body, which, unlike conventional single-cell battery cylinders, integrates a separate electrolyte storage chamber within the cylindrical body. This electrolyte storage chamber stores free electrolyte and is interconnected with the electrode assembly receiving chamber. For ease of description, the electrode assembly receiving chamber can be defined as a first chamber for mounting the electrode assembly, and the electrolyte storage chamber as a second chamber for storing the free electrolyte. The interconnection between the first and second chambers allows the electrolyte to flow and diffuse freely throughout the housing component. During electrode assembly operation, the electrolyte consumption can be replenished promptly, effectively preventing localized areas from having excessively low electrolyte concentrations or drying out, thereby ensuring the consistency and stability of the internal battery reaction and significantly improving the battery's charge and discharge performance. Furthermore, the electrolyte possesses a certain thermal conductivity; during battery operation, if the temperature rises, the electrolyte stored in the second chamber can rapidly absorb heat through thermal transfer. Because the second chamber is interconnected with the first chamber, the electrolyte can transfer heat over a larger space, dispersing the absorbed heat throughout the casing and dissipating it through the surface of the casing. This effectively prevents localized overheating of the battery, reduces the risk of thermal runaway, greatly improves the battery's safety and reliability, and allows for precise control of the battery's operating temperature, ensuring stable operation within a suitable temperature range and maintaining high battery performance.

[0238] Meanwhile, integrating the first and second chambers into a single cylindrical structure reduces the number of components and assembly steps compared to having a separate electrolyte storage chamber outside the cylinder. This not only lowers the manufacturing process difficulty and cost but also improves production efficiency, facilitating large-scale industrial production.

[0239] This application allows for the formation of a first chamber and a second chamber within the inner cavity of the cylinder in various ways. For example, a partition can be installed inside the cylinder to divide the inner cavity into two types of chambers, serving as the first chamber and the second chamber, respectively. To ensure smooth flow of electrolyte between the two chambers, a perforated area needs to be provided on the partition to allow for communication between the two chambers. Alternatively, multiple ribs can be provided on the inner wall of at least one side wall of the cylinder, with the space between adjacent ribs serving as an electrolyte storage chamber.

[0240] Example 5

[0241] This embodiment is a single-cell battery, including a housing component. The structure of the housing component is shown in Figure 13, and it is formed by an upper cover plate 21, a cylindrical body 22, and a lower cover plate 23. For ease of description, the length direction of the housing component is defined as the x-direction, the width direction as the y-direction, and the height direction as the z-direction.

[0242] As shown in the figure, this embodiment has two partitions 24 parallel to the yz plane inside the cylinder, dividing the inner cavity of the single battery casing (inner cavity of the cylinder) into three chambers. The two outer chambers are designated as the second chamber 26, and the middle chamber is designated as the first chamber 25. To ensure smooth flow of electrolyte between the first chamber 25 and the second chamber 26, multiple through holes are provided on the partitions 24 to achieve interconnection between the two chambers, allowing the free electrolyte stored in the second chamber 26 to flow freely throughout the entire casing.

[0243] The electrode assembly is installed in the first chamber 25, while the second chambers 26 on both sides store free electrolyte. When the electrode assembly is working, its consumption of electrolyte can be replenished in a timely manner, effectively preventing localized electrolyte drying and ensuring the consistency and stability of the internal reaction of the battery, thereby significantly improving the battery's charge and discharge performance. Simultaneously, the through holes on the separator 24 ensure continuous and stable flow of electrolyte between the first chamber 25 and the second chamber 26, maintaining the uniformity of electrolyte concentration inside the battery. When the battery heats up, the heat absorbed by the free electrolyte is dispersed to the casing components through the through chambers and dissipated through the surface, effectively preventing overheating, reducing the risk of thermal runaway, precisely controlling temperature, and maintaining battery performance. Furthermore, the separators 24 on both sides of the electrode assembly effectively maintain the relative position of the electrode assembly, preventing displacement, shaking, or even damage within the casing components due to external forces such as vibration and collision. The supporting effect of the separators 24 is particularly significant when the battery is used in complex vibration environments.

[0244] In other embodiments, the number and position of the partitions 24 can be adjusted according to actual needs. For example, a partition 24 parallel to the xz plane can be set inside the cylinder to divide the inner cavity of the cylinder into two chambers, which are respectively used as the first chamber 25 and the second chamber 26. Alternatively, four partitions 24 can be set inside the cylinder, two of which are parallel to the yz plane and the other two are parallel to the xz plane, dividing the inner cavity of the cylinder into five chambers, with the four outer chambers serving as the second chamber 26 and the middle chamber serving as the first chamber 25.

[0245] As shown in Figure 14, this embodiment also has multiple protrusions 231 arranged in an array on the inner surface of the lower cover plate 23. The tops of the protrusions 231 are used to support the electrode assembly, and the gaps between the protrusions 231 serve as electrolyte flow channels. The aforementioned multiple protrusions 231 can be arranged in a rectangular array or a ring array, etc.; the regularly arranged multiple protrusions 231 can provide stable and uniformly distributed support points for the electrode assembly, avoiding the situation where excessive local stress leads to deformation or damage to the electrode assembly. In addition, using the gaps between the protrusions 231 as electrolyte flow channels allows the electrolyte to be evenly distributed around the electrode assembly, ensuring that the electrodes in each part can fully contact the electrolyte.

[0246] To reduce costs and battery weight, this embodiment uses a plastic casing. Plastic is also easy to process; for example, complex-shaped casing components can be quickly manufactured using injection molding. As in this embodiment, the lower cover 23, cylinder 22, and separator 24 can be molded in one piece using injection molding, eliminating the need for separate processing and assembly. This significantly reduces production steps and shortens the production cycle. Furthermore, the injection-molded integral part exhibits uniform material distribution and tight bonding, resulting in a stronger connection between the battery lower cover 23 and cylinder 22, and higher overall structural strength. Additionally, reinforcing ribs can be integrally molded on the cylinder 22, effectively increasing its resistance to bending, compression, and torsion. The upper cover 21 and cylinder 22 can be connected using a heat-sealing method. As shown in Figure 15, a stepped structure 211 can be provided along the edge of the upper cover 21 as a positioning structure for the open end of the cylinder 22. During assembly, this allows for a highly precise fit between the cylinder 22 and the upper cover 21, greatly improving assembly accuracy and efficiency, and reducing the difficulty and error of manual operation. Subsequently, the open end of the cylinder 22 is sealed to the stepped structure 211 by heat fusion, a highly efficient and tight sealing method. During the heat fusion process, the plastic materials fuse together to form a seamless connection, effectively preventing external impurities and moisture from entering the battery.

[0247] It should be noted that the plastic material selected in this application should possess the following properties: 1. Sufficient strength to ensure the stability of the battery structure; 2. Chemical corrosion resistance to resist electrolyte corrosion; 3. Barrier properties to effectively prevent leakage of electrolyte, gas, and other substances from the battery, while also preventing external impurities such as moisture and oxygen from entering the battery; 4. Good thermal stability, as the battery generates heat during charging and discharging, especially at high rates. The plastic material needs to maintain stable performance within a certain temperature range and should not soften, deform, or decompose due to high temperatures.

[0248] The plastic material used can be the same material used in existing plastic-cased single-cell batteries 28, or the plastic material disclosed in Chinese patents CN106543551A and CN106977894A.

[0249] In some other embodiments, a metal shell component may also be used, with the partition 24 and the cylinder being separate parts, which are fixed to the inner cavity of the cylinder by welding or plugging.

[0250] Example 6

[0251] This embodiment is another type of single battery. Unlike embodiment 5, this embodiment has multiple stiffeners 27 on the inner wall of at least one side wall of the cylinder, and the space between adjacent stiffeners 27 is used as a second chamber 26.

[0252] The specific structure is shown in Figure 16. In this embodiment, multiple stiffeners 27 are provided on the inner wall parallel to the yz plane. Each stiffener 27 extends along the z-direction, and the multiple stiffeners 27 are arranged along the y-direction. Based on the aforementioned stiffeners 27, firstly, multiple second chambers 26 can be constructed, and the stiffeners 27 extending along the z-direction enable the electrolyte to achieve rapid and uniform distribution in the height direction, ensuring that the electrode assembly can fully contact the electrolyte throughout the entire height range, avoiding reaction differences caused by uneven distribution of the electrolyte in the height direction. Furthermore, the multiple stiffeners 27 arranged along the y-direction allow the electrolyte to uniformly penetrate into the electrode assembly in the width direction, greatly improving the uniformity of the internal reaction of the battery and further optimizing the battery's charge and discharge performance. Secondly, it can enhance the structural strength of the cylinder, thereby enhancing the structural strength of the shell components, effectively dispersing external forces in all directions, resisting bending and torsional deformation, and preventing internal short circuits. Thirdly, the rib 27 structure with clear regularity in a specific direction makes mold design simpler, greatly simplifies the complexity of the mold, and makes it easier to control the processing accuracy during the production process.

[0253] Preferably, in this embodiment, multiple stiffeners 27 are provided on both inner walls parallel to the yz plane, and the stiffeners 27 on the two inner walls are symmetrical to each other, thereby forming multiple symmetrical second chambers 26 on opposite side walls. The symmetrical arrangement of the second chambers 26 on opposite side walls can ensure that the electrolyte permeates into the electrode assembly uniformly from both sides during battery charging and discharging, greatly improving the uniformity of the internal reaction of the battery and further optimizing the battery charging and discharging performance.

[0254] In other embodiments, the number, position, and arrangement of the stiffeners 27 can be adjusted according to actual needs. For example, to further optimize the electrolyte distribution and improve the structural strength, multiple stiffeners 27 can be provided on all four inner walls of the cylinder, allowing the electrolyte to penetrate evenly into the electrode assembly from more directions, greatly improving the uniformity of electrolyte distribution, and enhancing the cylinder's ability to resist external forces in all directions. However, compared to this embodiment, its cylinder volume is larger.

[0255] Furthermore, the arrangement of the stiffening plates 27 on the inner wall can also be adjusted. Besides the conventional parallel arrangement, the stiffening plates 27 can also be arranged in a spiral or a staggered grid pattern. This arrangement creates a tight support network, ensuring smooth electrolyte flow while significantly improving the overall structural strength of the casing component and effectively coping with complex external force environments. By flexibly adjusting the number, position, and arrangement of the stiffening plates 27, the battery casing component can meet the diverse needs for battery performance and structural stability in different application scenarios.

[0256] Similar to Example 5, this example also uses a plastic shell. This allows the lower cover plate 23, cylinder 22, and rib plate 27 to be molded in one piece using injection molding, reducing production steps and shortening the production cycle.

[0257] Example 7

[0258] This embodiment is another type of single cell. Unlike embodiments 5 and 6, this embodiment combines the separator 24 in embodiment 5 and the stiffener 27 in embodiment 6 to form a second chamber 26 on the inner wall of at least one side wall of the cylinder.

[0259] The specific structure can be seen in Figure 17. Similar to Embodiment 5, this embodiment has a partition 24 parallel to the yz plane inside the cylinder, dividing the inner cavity of the cylinder into a first chamber 25 and a second chamber 26. Figure 17 shows an example with the addition of a partition 24. To ensure smooth flow of electrolyte between the first chamber 25 and the second chamber 26, multiple through holes are provided on the partition 24 to achieve interconnection between the two chambers, allowing the free electrolyte stored in the second chamber 26 to flow freely within the shell component. Unlike Embodiment 5, this embodiment also provides multiple stiffening plates 27 inside the second chamber 26. Each stiffening plate 27 extends along the z direction, and the multiple stiffening plates 27 are arranged along the y direction. The two sides of each stiffening plate 27 abut against the inner wall of the cylinder (parallel to the yz plane) and the partition 24, respectively.

[0260] In some other embodiments, similar to Embodiment 5, the number and position of the partitions 24 can be adjusted according to actual needs. Correspondingly, the number, position and arrangement of the stiffeners 27 can also be adjusted in the manner described in Embodiment 6.

[0261] Compared to Embodiment 5, the multiple stiffening plates 27 added in the second chamber 26 in this embodiment significantly enhance the support effect of the partition 24. Since each stiffening plate 27 abuts against the inner wall of the cylinder (parallel to the yz plane) and the partition 24 on both sides, a stable support frame is formed. When the electrode assembly is subjected to vibration or external impact, the stiffening plates 27 can work in conjunction with the partition 24 to distribute the force across the entire shell structure, effectively reducing the risk of displacement of the electrode assembly under complex external force environments and improving the stability and reliability of the battery.

[0262] In addition, compared with Embodiment 5, this embodiment greatly improves the overall strength of the shell component by adding multiple stiffening plates 27.

[0263] Compared to Embodiment 6, the partition 24 added in this embodiment defines a clear installation space for the electrode assembly, effectively preventing unnecessary shaking or displacement of the electrode assembly within the housing component, and further improving the stability of the electrode assembly within the housing component.

[0264] Example 8

[0265] Unlike the embodiments described above, this embodiment, in order to further reduce costs, requires that the strength of each individual battery casing component meet certain requirements. However, this embodiment does not require the casing component to meet the strength requirements for the thermal runaway stage; it only needs to meet the strength requirements for the formation stage and the normal charge / discharge process. During the formation stage and the normal charge / discharge process, the battery undergoes a series of chemical reactions and physical changes. During this process, certain pressure and heat are generated inside the battery. The casing component needs to have sufficient strength to withstand this pressure and heat to ensure the smooth progress of the formation process and the normal use of the battery.

[0266] We can assume that the strength of the above-mentioned shell component is P, P1≤P≤P2; where P1 is the strength requirement of the shell component during the formation stage and the normal charging and discharging stage of the battery; and P2 is the strength requirement of the shell component during the thermal runaway stage.

[0267] Under the premise of meeting the above strength requirements, in this embodiment, the thickness of the shell components (cylinder 22, upper cover plate 21, and lower cover plate 23) is h, where h is less than h0, and h0 is the thickness of the plastic shell of a conventional single-cell battery 28; the thickness of the plastic shell of a conventional single-cell battery 28 is typically 5-8 mm. In this embodiment, the thickness of the shell components can be between 1-4 mm. By reducing the thickness of the shell components of a conventional single-cell battery 28 with a plastic shell, better heat dissipation can be achieved, while also increasing the battery energy density. In addition, reducing the thickness of the plastic shell means using less plastic material, which helps save material costs and provides an economic advantage for large-scale production and application.

[0268] Example 9

[0269] This embodiment is a battery component, including a pressure-bearing housing 29 and 12 individual battery cells 28 as described in the above embodiments. In other embodiments, the number of individual battery cells 28 can be adjusted according to actual needs. Its structure is shown in Figures 18 and 19, with the 12 individual battery cells 28 arranged inside the pressure-bearing housing 29. The pressure-bearing housing 29 is provided with an explosion vent. This explosion vent can also be referred to as an explosion vent section, explosion-proof vent, etc.

[0270] The strength of the pressure-bearing housing 29 needs to meet the strength requirements of the housing during the thermal runaway stage, that is, the pressure-bearing housing 29 needs to have good strength. This design not only effectively resists the high-pressure impact during thermal runaway with the reinforced outer encapsulation housing, greatly improving the overall safety of the battery component; especially when plastic material is used as the casing component of the internal single cell 28, the pressure-bearing housing 29 can form a robust thermal barrier. Even in the extreme case where the casing component of the single cell 28 melts, it can effectively isolate high-temperature flames and harmful gases, prevent the spread of thermal runaway, and improve the safety of the battery component after thermal runaway. In addition, when plastic material is used as the casing component of the internal single cell 28, an anti-seepage membrane 212 can also be provided between each single cell 28 and the pressure-bearing housing 29 to prevent the electrolyte inside each single cell 28 from seeping out.

[0271] Compared to other materials, the metal pressure tank 29 is more reliable in emergency situations such as thermal runaway. It can withstand greater impact and destructive forces, reducing the likelihood of accidents and protecting the safety of personnel and surrounding equipment. In this embodiment, the pressure tank 29 does not directly contact the electrolyte, so an iron, steel, or stainless steel shell can be used. An iron shell offers advantages in strength and cost, making it a viable option in scenarios where cost is a primary concern and strength requirements are not particularly stringent. A steel shell provides relatively high strength, offering more reliable protection for the battery and is suitable for applications with high safety and structural strength requirements. A stainless steel shell not only possesses good strength properties but also excellent corrosion resistance, making it perform well in battery applications that may face humid or corrosive environments. This effectively extends battery life and ensures stable operation in complex environments.

[0272] To optimize the heat dissipation performance of the aforementioned battery components, this embodiment may further include a heat exchange component 210 for heat exchange at the polarity terminals. As a crucial connection between the battery's internal and external components, the polarity terminals allow current to flow in and out of the battery during charging and discharging. When heat is generated inside the battery, heat dissipation through the polarity terminals provides a relatively direct heat conduction path. Heat can be rapidly conducted from inside the battery to the polarity terminals, and then dissipated from the terminals to the external environment. Furthermore, since the polarity terminals are typically located at the positive and negative terminals of the battery, these areas are often where heat is concentrated during charging and discharging. By dissipating heat from the polarity terminals, the temperature of these critical components can be reduced more effectively.

[0273] The heat exchange component 210 is a heat transfer tube; each polarity terminal of the individual cell 28 is provided with a through groove or through hole for installing the heat transfer tube; the heat transfer tube is fixed in the through groove or through hole of each polarity terminal of the individual cell 28. By using the heat transfer tube on the polarity terminal, the heat generated inside the battery is conducted to the heat transfer tube through the polarity terminal, and then the heat transfer tube dissipates the heat to achieve heat dissipation of the battery.

[0274] The heat exchange component 210 can also be a heat exchange device, which is disposed on top of each individual battery cell 28. A polar terminal penetrates the heat exchange device, with at least a portion of its structure located within the heat exchange device's inner cavity and in direct contact with the heat exchange medium. Another portion of the polar terminal's structure is located outside the heat exchange device, serving as an electrical connection. The sidewall of the polar terminal is sealed to the heat exchange device. This direct heat exchange method places a portion of the polar terminal's structure directly within the heat exchange medium's flow cavity (the inner cavity of the heat exchange device), allowing direct contact between the polar terminal and the heat exchange medium, thus achieving heat exchange at the polar terminal. Compared to indirect heat exchange, this method has a shorter heat exchange path, and the heat exchange medium acts directly on the polar terminal, improving the utilization efficiency of the heat exchange medium and enhancing the battery's heat exchange efficiency.

[0275] This application provides a third technical solution, which optimizes the casing components of a single battery cell, mainly to overcome the technical problem of high thermal runaway risk in existing aluminum metal casing batteries.

[0276] Currently, the most common casing materials for single-cell batteries on the market are plastic and aluminum. Compared to aluminum casings, plastic casings are lighter, making the batteries more portable. Furthermore, plastic is relatively inexpensive and its manufacturing process is relatively simple, requiring no complex processing equipment or technology. This effectively reduces battery manufacturing costs, improves production efficiency, and offers a cost advantage in large-scale production.

[0277] However, plastic-cased individual batteries also present certain problems: First, the mechanical strength of the plastic casing is relatively low. To achieve better protection, existing individual battery casings are quite thick, increasing the battery's volume and reducing the internal space available for energy storage, thus lowering the battery's energy density. Second, thicker plastic casings have poor thermal conductivity, hindering heat dissipation during charging and discharging. This can easily lead to increased internal battery temperature, accelerating battery aging and reducing battery life and performance. Heat dissipation issues may become even more pronounced under high-power charging and discharging or prolonged use. These problems are particularly acute when plastic is used to construct battery components.

[0278] Based on the aforementioned issues, plastic casings have gradually been replaced by aluminum casings. Aluminum-cased cells are widely used due to their advantages such as high mechanical strength and good heat dissipation. However, with the continuous growth of market demand, the desired energy density of batteries is constantly increasing for the same size. This means that the battery needs to accommodate more active materials and withstand more intense electrochemical reactions, thus requiring higher casing strength. However, the reality is not optimistic; current casing strength has not kept pace with these advancements. For example, a certain cell manufacturer's 280Ah and 314Ah cell casings are almost identical in size. This mismatch directly results in a sharp increase in the risk of thermal runaway, posing a significant safety hazard.

[0279] Based on this, this application provides the following technical solution to solve the problem.

[0280] Example 10

[0281] Figures 20 and 21 show the structural diagram of the single-cell battery 31 in this embodiment, including a semi-finished single-cell battery 32 and a pressure-bearing casing 33. The semi-finished single-cell battery 32 includes a sealed casing 322 and an electrode assembly located within the sealed casing 322. The sealed casing 322 serves as a cavity for the electrode assembly and electrolyte, providing a sealed space for these components. Simultaneously, the strength of the sealed casing 322 needs to meet certain requirements. In this embodiment, the strength of the sealed casing 322 is not required to meet the strength requirements for the casing during the thermal runaway stage; it only needs to meet the strength requirements for the casing during the formation stage and the normal charge / discharge process. During the formation stage and the normal charge / discharge process, the battery undergoes a series of chemical reactions and physical changes. During this process, certain pressure and heat are generated inside the battery. The sealed casing 322 needs to have sufficient strength to withstand these pressures and heat to ensure the smooth progress of the formation process and the normal use of the battery. While meeting the above strength requirements, this embodiment uses a plastic casing as the sealed casing 322 to reduce cost and battery weight.

[0282] It can be assumed that the strength of the aforementioned sealed housing 322 is P, P1≤P≤P2; where P1 is the strength requirement of the housing during the formation stage and the normal charging and discharging stage of the battery; and P2 is the strength requirement of the housing during the thermal runaway stage.

[0283] In this embodiment, the thickness of the sealing shell 322 is h, where h is less than h0, and h0 is the thickness of the existing plastic shell of the single-cell battery 31; the thickness of the existing plastic shell of the single-cell battery 31 is typically 5-8 mm. In this embodiment, the thickness of the sealing shell 322 can be between 1-4 mm. By reducing the thickness of the shell components of the conventional single-cell battery 31 with a plastic shell, better heat dissipation can be achieved, while also increasing the battery energy density. Furthermore, reducing the thickness of the plastic shell means using less plastic material, which helps save material costs and provides an economic advantage for large-scale production and application.

[0284] As shown in Figure 21, the sealing shell 322 in this embodiment is formed by a cylindrical body 3222, an upper cover plate 3223, and a lower cover plate 3221. The lower cover plate 3221 and the cylindrical body 3222 can be molded in one piece using injection molding, eliminating the need for separate processing and assembly. This significantly reduces production steps and shortens the production cycle. Furthermore, the injection-molded integral part exhibits uniform material distribution and tight bonding during the molding process, resulting in a stronger connection between the battery lower cover plate 3221 and the cylindrical body 3222, and higher overall structural strength. Additionally, reinforcing ribs can be integrally molded on the cylindrical body 3222, effectively increasing its resistance to bending, compression, and torsion.

[0285] In this embodiment, since both the upper cover plate 3223 and the cylindrical body 3222 are made of plastic, a heat-fusion sealing connection can be used. Heat-fusion sealing ensures a continuous, uniform, and tight connection between the upper cover plate 3223 and the cylindrical body 3222, resulting in extremely high stability. Compared to other sealing methods, it will not loosen or leak over time, maintaining excellent sealing performance at all times. External water, dust, and other impurities cannot enter the battery, providing good protection for the electrode components and ensuring battery performance and lifespan. Furthermore, the heat-fusion sealing process is simple, and the parameters are easy to control.

[0286] It should be noted that the plastic material selected in this application should possess the following properties: 1. Sufficient strength to ensure the stability of the battery structure; 2. Resistance to chemical corrosion, capable of resisting electrolyte corrosion; 3. Barrier properties, effectively preventing leakage of electrolyte, gas, and other substances from inside the battery, while also preventing external impurities such as moisture and oxygen from entering the battery; additionally, a waterproof membrane can be provided between the semi-finished single cell and the pressure-bearing casing to prevent electrolyte from seeping out of the semi-finished single cell; 4. Good thermal stability, as the battery generates heat during charging and discharging, especially at high rates. The plastic material needs to maintain stable performance within a certain temperature range and should not soften or decompose due to high temperatures.

[0287] The plastic material used can be the material used in the existing plastic casing single battery 31, or the plastic material disclosed in Chinese patents CN106543551A and CN106977894A.

[0288] The semi-finished single cell 32 is installed inside the pressure-bearing housing 33, and the polarity terminal 321 of the semi-finished single cell 32 extends out of the pressure-bearing housing 33 and is sealed to the pressure-bearing housing 33. The strength of the pressure-bearing housing 33 meets the strength requirements of the housing during the thermal runaway stage.

[0289] Thermal runaway is a major safety hazard for batteries. When abnormal conditions occur inside the battery, such as overcharging, short circuits, or high temperatures, thermal runaway may occur. During thermal runaway, a large amount of heat and harmful gases are rapidly released from the battery, with temperatures potentially reaching hundreds of degrees Celsius. The pressure-bearing casing 33 needs to have sufficient strength to withstand the high temperatures and pressures generated by thermal runaway, preventing the spread of high-temperature flames and harmful gases. This buys time for personnel evacuation and emergency response, reducing the severity of the accident. Simultaneously, in the extreme case where the sealed casing 322 melts, the pressure-bearing casing 33 can also form a robust thermal barrier, effectively isolating high-temperature flames and harmful gases, and preventing the spread of thermal runaway.

[0290] Compared to other materials, the metal pressure-bearing casing 33 is more reliable in emergency situations such as thermal runaway. It can withstand greater impact and destructive forces, reducing the likelihood of accidents and protecting the safety of personnel and surrounding equipment. In this embodiment, the pressure-bearing casing 33 does not directly contact the electrolyte, so an iron, steel, or stainless steel casing can be used. An iron casing offers advantages in strength and cost, making it a viable option in scenarios where cost is a primary concern and strength requirements are not particularly stringent. A steel casing provides relatively high strength, offering more reliable protection for the battery and is suitable for applications with high safety and structural strength requirements. A stainless steel casing not only possesses good strength properties but also excellent corrosion resistance, making it perform well in battery applications that may face humid or corrosive environments. This effectively extends battery life and ensures stable operation in complex environments.

[0291] By offering a variety of metal casing options, this application can better adapt to the usage requirements of lithium-ion batteries in different fields and under different operating conditions, enabling individual cells and battery components to achieve a more optimized balance in terms of safety, performance, and cost, thus providing strong support for the wider application of lithium-ion battery technology.

[0292] Example 11

[0293] Based on Example 10, this embodiment provides through slots 3224 or through holes on the two polar terminals 321 for mounting heat transfer tubes 34.

[0294] The specific structure can be seen in Figure 22. As can be seen from the figure, the polar terminal 321 in this embodiment is a columnar body, including a second end face, a first end face, and a side face (the second end face and the first end face are parallel to each other). The second end face is provided with an electrical connection area for connection with external electrical connectors, and the first end face is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly inside the battery casing component. A through groove 3224 is provided on the side face (i.e., the opening of the through groove 3224 is located on the side face), which serves as a mounting part for the heat transfer tube 34 to be installed.

[0295] In some other embodiments, a through hole may be provided on the side, that is, the opening of the through hole is located on the side.

[0296] In some other embodiments, the through groove 3224 may also be formed on the second end face, that is, the opening of the through groove 3224 is located on the second end face.

[0297] By creating through slots 3224 and through holes on the side, compared to creating through slots 3224 on the second end face, the heat transfer tube 34 has a larger contact area with the inner wall of the through slot 3224, resulting in higher heat exchange efficiency. Furthermore, when the through slots 3224 and through holes are located on the side, the entire area of ​​the second end face can be used as an electrical connection area. Two through slots 3224 or through holes can also be provided on the side of the polarity terminal 321 to increase the number of heat transfer tubes 34 and further improve heat exchange efficiency.

[0298] Furthermore, the through-slot 3224 structure makes the heat transfer tube 34 easier to install compared to the through-hole structure. To further improve the ease of installation of the heat transfer tube 34, as shown in Figure 22, the openings of the through-slots 3224 on the two polarity terminals 321 in this embodiment face the same direction. Having the openings facing the same direction allows the heat transfer tube 34 to be installed along one direction, eliminating the need for complex adjustments and alignments by the operator in different directions. This significantly improves installation efficiency and accuracy, reducing the possibility of installation errors.

[0299] The cross-section of the through-slot 3224 is C-shaped or U-shaped. The opening width of the C-shaped through-slot 3224 is smaller than the widest part of the through-slot 3224. This design is conducive to the interference fit of the heat transfer tube 34 in the through-slot 3224. The arc formed by the two ends of the C-shaped through-slot 3224 has natural tension, which is conducive to the tight fit of the heat transfer tube 34 in the through-slot 3224. The cross-section of the through-slot 3224 is U-shaped. The cross-section of the opening of the through-slot 3224 is rectangular, and the cross-section near the bottom of the slot is a semi-circular shape. The size of the opening is slightly smaller than the widest part of the through-slot 3224 and also slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the heat transfer tube 34. This design is also conducive to the interference fit of the heat transfer tube 34 in the through-slot 3224, and at the same time, it is conducive to the fixation of the heat transfer tube 34 in the through-slot 3224. The interference fit is mainly in the bottom area of ​​the slot with a semi-circular cross-section.

[0300] The horizontal cross-section of the polarity terminal 321 can be circular, rectangular, or racetrack-shaped. Different shapes of polarity terminals 321 can be selected according to different battery models, or other different shapes. These will not be listed exhaustively in this embodiment.

[0301] In this embodiment, the first end face of the polarity terminal 321 is close to the electrode assembly. Therefore, the first end face is closer to the internal electrode assembly of the battery, and the heat transfer pipe 34 should be positioned as close as possible to the first end face. This arrangement allows the heat transfer pipe 34 to be as close as possible to the inside of the battery for heat transfer.

[0302] Example 12

[0303] This embodiment is a battery component, including multiple individual battery cells 31 as described in the above embodiments. Figure 23 uses 12 individual battery cells 31 as an example in embodiment 11. In other embodiments, the number of individual battery cells 31 can be adjusted according to actual needs. As can be seen from the figure, this embodiment also includes a heat transfer pipe 34. The heat generated inside the battery component can be conducted to the heat transfer pipe 34 through the polarity terminal 321, and then the heat transfer pipe 34 dissipates the heat, thereby achieving heat dissipation of the battery component.

[0304] In this embodiment, the heat transfer tube 34 is U-shaped and includes a first tube, a second tube, and a connecting tube. The first tube is fixed in the through groove 3224 of the polar terminal 321 of each individual cell 31 on one side of the battery component. The second tube is fixed in the through groove 3224 of the polar terminal 321 of each individual cell 31 on the other side of the battery component. The two ends of the connecting tube are respectively connected to the ports of the first tube and the second tube on the same side.

[0305] As shown in Figure 24, when installing the heat transfer tube 34, the first tube, the second tube, and the connecting tube can be pre-assembled into one unit. Then, the first tube and the second tube are inserted into the corresponding through slots in the direction indicated by the arrow in the figure. The installation process is simple and convenient, which improves the efficiency and accuracy of the installation.

[0306] Example 13

[0307] This embodiment presents another battery component, differing from Embodiment 12 in that it employs a different heat exchange component to exchange heat with the polarity terminal 321. As shown in Figure 25, the heat exchange component in this embodiment includes two heat exchange tubes 35. The two heat exchange tubes 35 are respectively disposed on the polarity terminal 321 on different sides of the battery component. To improve the safety performance of the battery component, the heat exchange tubes 35 should not be energized. In this embodiment, heat exchange tubes 35 made of insulating material can be selected. In other embodiments, the walls of the non-insulated heat exchange tubes 35 can be insulated, for example, by spraying insulating paint or wrapping with an insulating film. An insulating sealing gasket can also be added between the polarity terminal 321 and the heat exchange tubes 35 to achieve the above objectives.

[0308] The structure of the heat exchange tube 35 is shown in Figures 26 and 27. As can be seen from the figures, the heat exchange tube 35 in this embodiment has 12 through holes 351. The 12 through holes 351 are arranged along the x-direction and correspond one-to-one with the polarity terminals 321 of each individual cell 31. In some other embodiments, the number of through holes 351 can be adjusted according to the number of individual cells 31 in the battery component, and the arrangement of the through holes 351 can be adjusted according to the arrangement of the individual cells 31.

[0309] The aforementioned through hole 351 is a through hole 351 that passes through the top plate and bottom plate of the heat exchange tube 35 and communicates with the inner cavity of the heat exchange tube 35. In this embodiment, after the heat exchange tube 35 is fixed to the top of the single cell 31, the extension direction of the through hole 351 is consistent with the height direction (i.e., the z direction) of the single cell 31. Therefore, it can be considered that the through hole 351 extends along the z direction.

[0310] In addition, when the heat exchange tube 35 is fixed to the top of the individual cell 31, the electrical connection part of the polarity terminal 321 of each individual cell 31 passes through the bottom port 3512 of the corresponding through hole 351 and extends out from the top port 3513, and the polarity terminal 321 is sealed with the hole wall of the through hole 351. The top port 3513 here is the port near the electrical connection part of the polarity terminal 321.

[0311] As shown in Figure 25, in this embodiment, two heat exchange tubes 35 are respectively sleeved on the polarity terminals 321 on different sides of the battery component based on the through holes 351, and the two heat exchange tubes 35 are connected in series through connecting pipes. In some other embodiments, the two heat exchange tubes 35 can also be connected in parallel.

[0312] In addition, this embodiment can also provide a functional structure on the polarity terminal 321 to increase the heat exchange area of ​​that part of the polarity terminal 321. Specifically, referring to Figure 20, this embodiment has at least two annular grooves 3225 formed on the sidewall of the polarity terminal 321. The two annular grooves 3225 are arranged along the height direction of the polarity terminal 321, and each annular groove 3225 extends circumferentially along the sidewall of the polarity terminal 321. The heat exchange area of ​​that part of the polarity terminal 321 can be increased based on the two annular grooves 3225. Placing the part with the functional structure in the heat exchange medium flow cavity can further improve the heat exchange effect.

[0313] In some other embodiments, the number of annular grooves 3225, as well as the dimensions such as groove width and groove depth, can be adjusted as needed, provided that the conductivity of the polarity terminal 321 is not affected.

[0314] In other embodiments, other structures can be processed on the polarity terminal 321 to increase the heat exchange area of ​​the polarity terminal 321. Such functional structures may include dot-shaped pits or protrusions on the sidewall of the polarity terminal 321, and may also include through holes on the polarity terminal 321 (heat dissipation teeth can be added along its axial direction in the through hole to further increase the heat exchange area in the through hole). Compared with the above functional structures, the annular groove 3225 structure in this embodiment is easier to process and has a lower processing cost.

[0315] This embodiment adopts a direct heat exchange method, in which part of the structure of the polar terminal 321 is directly placed in the inner cavity of the heat exchange tube 35, so that the polar terminal 321 is in direct contact with the heat exchange medium, thereby realizing heat exchange of the polar terminal 321. Compared with the indirect heat exchange method (the heat exchange method of embodiment 13), it has a shorter heat exchange path, and the heat exchange medium acts directly on the polar terminal, improving the utilization efficiency of the heat exchange medium and improving the heat exchange efficiency of the battery.

[0316] Example 14

[0317] This embodiment presents another battery component, which differs from Embodiment 12 in that it uses a different heat exchange component to exchange heat with the polarity terminal 321. Referring to Figures 28 and 29, it can be seen that the heat exchange component in this embodiment includes 24 heat exchange sleeves 36, which are respectively fitted around the 24 polarity terminals 321.

[0318] The structure of the heat exchange sleeve 36 is shown in Figure 30, including a hollow component 3311 and an annular sealing plate 3312; two first through holes 3313 are opened on the side wall of the hollow component 3311 to penetrate its inner cavity, which serve as liquid inlet and liquid outlet respectively; the annular sealing plate 3312 is coaxial with the hollow component 3311 and is sealed and fixed at the top of the hollow component 3311.

[0319] Referring to Figure 28, it can be seen that the heat exchange sleeve 36 is sleeved around the polar terminal 321, forming an annular cavity between it and the side wall of the polar terminal 321 (which may have an annular groove 3225). This annular cavity serves as a flow cavity for the heat exchange medium. The bottom end of the hollow component 3311 is sealed and fixed to the polar terminal 321 of the single cell 31. The inner ring surface of the annular sealing plate 3312 is sealed and fixed to the side wall of the polar terminal 321. At the same time, part of the structure of the polar terminal 321 extends out of the inner hole of the annular sealing plate 3312, serving as the electrical connection part of the polar terminal 321.

[0320] This application does not specifically limit the cross-sectional shape of the hollow component 3311. Generally, the cross-sectional shape of the hollow component 3311 is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the polar terminal 321. For example, when the cross-section of the polar terminal 321 is circular, the cross-section of the corresponding hollow component 3311 is annular; when the cross-section of the polar terminal 321 is square, the cross-section of the corresponding hollow component 3311 is square annular.

[0321] In this embodiment, the hollow component 3311 and the annular sealing plate 3312 are an integral part. In some other embodiments, the hollow component 3311 and the annular sealing plate 3312 can be separate parts, but the processing is more complicated than in this embodiment.

[0322] In this embodiment, the heat exchange sleeve 36 is made of rubber, which has a certain degree of elastic deformation. The bottom end of the hollow component 3311 and the polar terminal 321 are tightly fitted together to achieve a sealed fixation. To improve the sealing reliability, insulating sealant can also be used for bonding. The inner ring surface of the annular sealing plate 3312 and the side wall of the polar terminal 321 are sealed by a tight fit. In some other embodiments, an annular sealing ring can be added between the inner ring surface of the annular sealing plate 3312 and the side wall of the polar terminal 321 to further improve the sealing performance.

[0323] In some other embodiments, the bottom end of the heat exchange sleeve 36 can also be sealed and fixed between it and the upper cover plate 3223 of the single cell 31 to ensure the seal between the hollow component 3311 and the side wall of the polar terminal 321.

[0324] As shown in Figure 28, in this embodiment, the heat exchange sleeves 36 on the same side of each individual battery 31 are connected to form two heat exchange channels on the top of the 12 individual batteries 31. The two heat exchange channels can be connected in parallel or in series, and heat exchange is achieved based on the two heat exchange channels.

[0325] In this embodiment, as shown in FIG31, the heat exchange sleeve 36 further includes an inlet pipe 3314 and an outlet pipe 3315; the inlet pipe 3314 and the outlet pipe 3315 are both fixed on the side wall of the hollow component 3311 and are respectively connected to the inlet and the outlet.

[0326] The hollow component 3311, the annular sealing plate 3312, the liquid inlet pipe 3314, and the liquid outlet pipe 3315 are integrated into one piece and are all made of insulating material, preferably an insulating material with a certain degree of elastic deformation. It should be noted that the liquid inlet pipe 3314 of one heat exchange sleeve 36 and the liquid outlet pipe 3315 of the other heat exchange sleeve 36 can be interlocked to achieve communication between the two adjacent heat exchange sleeves 36. Alternatively, a connecting pipe section can be used to connect the liquid inlet pipe 3314 of one heat exchange sleeve 36 and the liquid outlet pipe 3315 of the other heat exchange sleeve 36 to achieve communication between the two adjacent heat exchange sleeves 36.

[0327] This embodiment can adopt the following two installation methods to fix the heat exchange component to each individual battery cell 31:

[0328] Installation Method 1: As shown in Figure 28, each heat exchange sleeve 36 is installed on the corresponding polarity terminal 321 one by one. During the installation process, adjacent heat exchange sleeves 36 are connected, and the top and bottom open ends of the heat exchange sleeves 36 are sealed to the side wall of the polarity terminal 321; finally, two heat exchange channels are formed.

[0329] Installation Method 2: As shown in Figure 29, firstly, connect all the heat exchange sleeves 36 to form two heat exchange channels. Then, install each heat exchange channel as a whole on top of the 12 individual cells 31. During the installation process, each heat exchange sleeve 36 of each heat exchange channel is fitted onto the corresponding polarity terminal 321 to complete the sealing between the open top and bottom ends of the heat exchange sleeve 36 and the side wall of the polarity terminal 321; finally, two heat exchange channels are formed.

[0330] By adopting a direct heat exchange method, a portion of the structure of the polar terminal 321 is placed directly inside the heat exchange sleeve 36, allowing the polar terminal 321 to directly contact the heat exchange medium and achieve heat exchange of the polar terminal 321. Compared with the indirect heat exchange method (the heat exchange method in Example 13), it has a shorter heat exchange path, and the heat exchange medium acts directly on the polar terminal 321, improving the utilization efficiency of the heat exchange medium and improving the heat exchange efficiency of the battery.

[0331] This application provides a fourth technical solution, which mainly optimizes the battery casing to overcome the problems of poor safety and easy release of harmful substances in existing plastic casing batteries during thermal runaway.

[0332] In lithium-ion battery applications, the performance of the battery casing is crucial to the overall safety and stability of the battery. Currently, commonly used plastic-cased batteries exhibit numerous problems when facing thermal runaway. When thermal runaway occurs, the insufficient mechanical strength and temperature resistance of the plastic casing make it prone to deformation, cracking, and even melting. This can not only cause direct contact between the positive and negative electrodes inside the battery, leading to a short circuit and generating a large amount of heat that exacerbates thermal runaway, but may even cause dangerous situations such as fire and explosion. Furthermore, the decomposition of the plastic casing at high temperatures releases harmful substances, and the electrolyte inside the battery may also leak, further increasing the release of harmful substances and posing a serious threat to the surrounding environment and personnel safety.

[0333] Based on this, this application provides the following technical solution to solve the problem.

[0334] Example 15

[0335] As shown in Figures 32 and 33, the single-cell battery 41 in this embodiment mainly consists of two parts: a single-cell battery body 42 and a pressure-bearing casing 43. The single-cell battery body 42 is a plastic-cased battery, consistent with common existing plastic-cased battery types. The single-cell battery body 42 is installed inside the pressure-bearing casing 43, and the polarity terminals 421 of the single-cell battery body 42 extend out of the pressure-bearing casing 43 and are sealed to the pressure-bearing casing 43 to ensure normal electrical connection of the battery. Additionally, an anti-seepage membrane can be provided between the single-cell battery and the pressure-bearing casing to prevent the electrolyte inside the single-cell battery from seeping out.

[0336] The strength of the pressure-bearing casing 43 must meet the strength requirements of the casing during thermal runaway. Specifically, it must possess good strength performance so that even if the internal plastic shell softens, deforms, cracks, or even melts during thermal runaway, the pressure-bearing casing 43 can still act as a robust barrier, effectively confining the internal components of the battery. Simultaneously, it can effectively isolate high-temperature flames and harmful gases, preventing further spread of thermal runaway, thereby improving the safety of the entire single battery cell 41 under extreme conditions. At the same time, it also plays a role in preventing leakage of the electrolyte inside the battery, further reducing the harm of hazardous substances to the environment and personnel, and effectively controlling the impact of the battery on the surrounding environment in the event of thermal runaway.

[0337] Compared to other materials, the metal pressure-bearing casing 43 is more reliable in emergency situations such as thermal runaway. It can withstand greater impact and destructive forces, reducing the likelihood of accidents and protecting the safety of personnel and surrounding equipment. Since the pressure-bearing casing 43 in this embodiment does not directly contact the electrolyte, an iron, steel, or stainless steel casing can be used. An iron casing offers advantages in strength and cost, making it a viable option in scenarios where cost is a primary concern and strength requirements are not particularly stringent. A steel casing provides relatively high strength, offering more reliable protection for the battery and is suitable for applications with high safety and structural strength requirements. A stainless steel casing not only possesses good strength properties but also excellent corrosion resistance, making it perform well in battery applications that may face humid or corrosive environments, effectively extending battery life and ensuring stable operation in complex environments. In other embodiments, an aluminum casing can also be used. Aluminum casings are lightweight, reducing the overall weight of the battery, making them a better choice for applications with strict weight requirements.

[0338] By offering a variety of metal casing options, this application can better adapt to the usage requirements of lithium-ion batteries in different fields and under different operating conditions, enabling the single cell body 42 and battery components to achieve a more optimized balance in terms of safety, performance and cost.

[0339] Example 16

[0340] Based on Embodiment 15, this embodiment provides through slots 4224 or through holes on the two polar terminals 421 for mounting heat transfer tubes 44. The specific structure is shown in Figure 34. As can be seen from the figure, the polar terminal 421 in this embodiment is a cylindrical body, including a second end face, a first end face, and a side face (the second end face and the first end face are parallel to each other). The second end face has an electrical connection area for connecting with external electrical connectors, and the first end face is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly inside the housing. A through slot 4224 is provided on the side face (i.e., the opening of the through slot 4224 is located on the side face) as a mounting part for the heat transfer tube 44.

[0341] In some other embodiments, a through hole may be provided on the side, that is, the opening of the through hole is located on the side.

[0342] In some other embodiments, the through groove 4224 may also be formed on the second end face, that is, the opening of the through groove 4224 is located on the second end face.

[0343] By creating through slots 4224 and through holes on the side, compared to creating through slots 4224 on the second end face, the heat transfer tube 44 has a larger contact area with the inner wall of the through slot 4224, resulting in higher heat exchange efficiency. Furthermore, when the through slots 4224 and through holes are located on the side, the entire area of ​​the second end face can be used as an electrical connection area. Two through slots 4224 or through holes can also be provided on the side of the polarity terminal 421 to increase the number of heat transfer tubes 44 and further improve heat exchange efficiency.

[0344] Furthermore, the through-slot 4224 structure makes the heat transfer tube 44 easier to install compared to the through-hole structure. To further improve the ease of installation of the heat transfer tube 44, as shown in Figure 34, the openings of the through-slots 4224 on the two polarity terminals 421 in this embodiment face the same direction. Having the openings facing the same direction allows the heat transfer tube 44 to be installed along one direction, eliminating the need for complex adjustments and alignments by the operator in different directions. This significantly improves installation efficiency.

[0345] The cross-section of the through-slot 4224 is C-shaped or U-shaped. The opening width of the C-shaped through-slot 4224 is smaller than the widest part of the through-slot 4224. This design is conducive to the interference fit of the heat transfer tube 44 in the through-slot 4224. The arc formed by the two ends of the C-shaped through-slot 4224 has natural tension, which is conducive to the tight fit of the heat transfer tube 44 in the through-slot 4224. The cross-section of the U-shaped through-slot 4224 is rectangular at the opening and semi-circular near the bottom of the slot. The size of the opening is slightly smaller than the widest part of the through-slot 4224 and also slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the heat transfer tube 44. This design is also conducive to the interference fit of the heat transfer tube 44 in the through-slot 4224 and to fixing the heat transfer tube 44 in the through-slot 4224. The interference fit is mainly in the bottom area of ​​the slot with a semi-circular cross-section.

[0346] The horizontal cross-section of the polarity terminal 421 can be circular, rectangular, or racetrack-shaped. Different shapes of polarity terminals 421 can be selected according to different battery models, or other different shapes. These will not be listed exhaustively in this embodiment.

[0347] In this embodiment, the first end face of the polarity terminal 421 is close to the electrode assembly. Therefore, the first end face is closer to the internal electrode assembly of the battery, and the heat transfer pipe 44 should be positioned as close as possible to the first end face. This arrangement allows the heat transfer pipe 44 to be as close as possible to the inside of the battery for heat transfer.

[0348] Example 17

[0349] This embodiment is a battery component, including multiple individual battery cells 41 as described in the above embodiments.

[0350] Figure 35 uses 12 individual cells 41 as an example, as shown in Embodiment 16. In other embodiments, the number of individual cells 41 can be adjusted according to actual needs. As can be seen from the figure, this embodiment also includes a heat transfer pipe 44. The heat generated inside the battery component can be conducted to the heat transfer pipe 44 through the polarity terminal 421, and then the heat transfer pipe 44 dissipates the heat, thereby achieving heat dissipation of the battery component.

[0351] In this embodiment, the heat transfer tube 44 is U-shaped and includes a first tube, a second tube, and a connecting tube. The first tube is fixed in the through groove 4224 of the polar terminal 421 of each individual cell 41 on one side of the battery component. The second tube is fixed in the through groove 4224 of the polar terminal 421 of each individual cell 41 on the other side of the battery component. The two ends of the connecting tube are respectively connected to the ports of the first tube and the second tube on the same side.

[0352] As shown in Figure 36, when installing the heat transfer tube 44, the first tube, the second tube, and the connecting tube can be pre-assembled into one unit. Then, the first tube and the second tube are inserted into the corresponding through slots 4224 in the direction indicated by the arrow in the figure. The installation process is simple and convenient, which improves the installation efficiency.

[0353] Example 18

[0354] This embodiment presents another battery component, differing from Embodiment 17 in that it employs a different heat exchange component to exchange heat with the polarity terminal 421. As shown in Figure 37, the heat exchange component in this embodiment includes two heat exchange tubes 45. The two heat exchange tubes 45 are respectively disposed on the polarity terminal 421 on different sides of the battery component. To improve the safety performance of the battery component, the heat exchange tubes 45 should not be energized. In this embodiment, heat exchange tubes 45 made of insulating material can be selected. In other embodiments, the walls of the non-insulated heat exchange tubes 45 can be insulated, for example, by spraying insulating paint or wrapping with an insulating film. An insulating sealing gasket can also be added between the polarity terminal 421 and the heat exchange tubes 45 to achieve the above objectives.

[0355] The structure of the heat exchange tube 45 is shown in Figures 38 and 39. As can be seen from the figures, the heat exchange tube 45 in this embodiment has 12 through holes 451. The 12 through holes 451 are arranged along the x-direction and correspond one-to-one with the polarity terminals 421 of each individual cell 41. In some other embodiments, the number of through holes 451 can be adjusted according to the number of individual cells 41 in the battery component, and the arrangement of the through holes 451 can be adjusted according to the arrangement of the individual cells 41.

[0356] The aforementioned through hole 451 is a through hole 451 that penetrates the top plate and bottom plate of the heat exchange tube 45 and communicates with the inner cavity of the heat exchange tube 45. In this embodiment, after the heat exchange tube 45 is fixed to the top of the single cell 41, the extension direction of the through hole 451 is consistent with the height direction (i.e., the z direction) of the single cell 41. Therefore, it can be considered that the through hole 451 extends along the z direction.

[0357] In addition, when the heat exchange tube 45 is fixed to the top of the individual cell 41, the electrical connection part of the polarity terminal 421 of each individual cell 41 passes through the bottom port 4512 of the corresponding through hole 451 and extends out from the top port 4513, and the polarity terminal 421 is sealed with the hole wall of the through hole 451. The top port 4513 here is the port near the electrical connection part of the polarity terminal 421.

[0358] As shown in Figure 37, in this embodiment, two heat exchange tubes 45 are respectively sleeved on the polarity terminals 421 on different sides of the battery component based on the through holes 451, and the two heat exchange tubes 45 are connected in series through connecting pipes. In some other embodiments, the two heat exchange tubes 45 can also be connected in parallel.

[0359] In addition, this embodiment can also provide a functional structure on the polarity terminal 421 to increase the heat exchange area of ​​that part of the polarity terminal 421.

[0360] Referring specifically to Figure 32, in this embodiment, at least two annular grooves 4225 are formed on the sidewall of the polarity terminal 421. The two annular grooves 4225 are arranged along the height direction of the polarity terminal 421, and each annular groove 4225 extends circumferentially along the sidewall of the polarity terminal 421. The two annular grooves 4225 increase the heat exchange area of ​​this part of the polarity terminal 421. Placing the functional structure within the heat exchange medium flow cavity further improves the heat exchange effect.

[0361] In some other embodiments, the number of annular grooves 4225, as well as the dimensions such as groove width and groove depth, can be adjusted as needed, provided that the conductivity of the polarity terminal 421 is not affected.

[0362] In other embodiments, other structures can be processed on the polarity terminal 421 to increase the heat exchange area of ​​the polarity terminal 421. Such functional structures may include dot-shaped pits or protrusions on the sidewall of the polarity terminal 421, and may also include through holes on the polarity terminal 421 (heat dissipation teeth can be added along its axial direction in the through hole to further increase the heat exchange area in the through hole). Compared with the above functional structures, the annular groove 4225 structure in this embodiment is easier to process and has a lower processing cost.

[0363] This embodiment adopts a direct heat exchange method, in which part of the structure of the polar terminal 421 is placed directly in the inner cavity of the heat exchange tube 45, so that the polar terminal 421 is in direct contact with the heat exchange medium, thereby realizing heat exchange of the polar terminal 421. Compared with the indirect heat exchange method (the heat exchange method of embodiment 17), it has a shorter heat exchange path. The heat exchange medium acts directly on the polar terminal 421, improving the utilization efficiency of the heat exchange medium and improving the heat exchange efficiency of the battery.

[0364] Example 19

[0365] This embodiment is another battery component, which differs from embodiment 17 in that it uses a different heat exchange component to exchange heat on the polarity terminal 421.

[0366] Referring to Figures 40 and 41, it can be seen that the heat exchange component in this embodiment includes 24 heat exchange sleeves 46, which are respectively fitted around 24 polar terminals 421. The structure of the heat exchange sleeve 46 is shown in Figure 42, including a hollow component 4311 and an annular sealing plate 4312; two first through holes 4313 penetrating its inner cavity are opened on the side wall of the hollow component 4311, which serve as the liquid inlet and liquid outlet respectively; the annular sealing plate 4312 is coaxial with the hollow component 4311 and is sealed and fixed to the top of the hollow component 4311.

[0367] Referring to Figure 40, it can be seen that the heat exchange sleeve 46 is sleeved around the polar terminal 421, forming an annular cavity between it and the side wall of the polar terminal 421 (which may have an annular groove 4225). This annular cavity serves as a flow cavity for the heat exchange medium. The bottom end of the hollow component 4311 is sealed and fixed to the polar terminal 421. The inner ring surface of the annular sealing plate 4312 is sealed and fixed to the side wall of the polar terminal 421. At the same time, part of the structure of the polar terminal 421 extends out of the inner hole of the annular sealing plate 4312, serving as the electrical connection part of the polar terminal 421.

[0368] This application does not specifically limit the cross-sectional shape of the hollow component 4311. Generally, the cross-sectional shape of the hollow component 4311 is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the polar terminal 421. For example, when the cross-section of the polar terminal 421 is circular, the cross-section of the corresponding hollow component 4311 is annular; when the cross-section of the polar terminal 421 is square, the cross-section of the corresponding hollow component 4311 is square annular.

[0369] In this embodiment, the hollow component 4311 and the annular sealing plate 4312 are an integral part. In some other embodiments, the hollow component 4311 and the annular sealing plate 4312 can be separate parts, but the processing is more complicated than in this embodiment.

[0370] In this embodiment, the heat exchange sleeve 46 is made of rubber, which has a certain elastic deformation. The bottom end of the hollow component 4311 and the polar terminal 421 are tightly fitted together to achieve a sealed fixation. To improve the sealing reliability, insulating sealant can also be used for bonding. The inner ring surface of the annular sealing plate 4312 and the side wall of the polar terminal 421 are sealed by a tight fit. In some other embodiments, an annular sealing ring can be added between the inner ring surface of the annular sealing plate 4312 and the side wall of the polar terminal 421 to further improve the sealing performance.

[0371] In some other embodiments, the bottom end of the heat exchange sleeve 46 can also be sealed and fixed to the top cover of the single cell 41 to ensure a seal between the hollow component 4311 and the sidewall of the polar terminal 421.

[0372] As shown in Figure 40, in this embodiment, the heat exchange sleeves 46 on the same side of each individual battery 41 are connected to form two heat exchange channels on the top of the 12 individual batteries 41. The two heat exchange channels can be connected in parallel or in series, and heat exchange is achieved based on the two heat exchange channels.

[0373] In this embodiment, as shown in FIG43, the heat exchange sleeve 46 may further include an inlet pipe 4314 and an outlet pipe 4315; the inlet pipe 4314 and the outlet pipe 4315 are both fixed on the side wall of the hollow component 4311 and are respectively connected to the inlet and outlet. The hollow component 4311, the annular sealing plate 4312, the inlet pipe 4314 and the outlet pipe 4315 are integral parts and are all made of insulating material, preferably an insulating material with a certain elastic deformation.

[0374] It should be noted that the inlet pipe 4314 of one heat exchanger 46 and the outlet pipe 4315 of the other heat exchanger 46 can be connected to each other to achieve communication between the two adjacent heat exchanger 46. Alternatively, a connecting pipe section can be used to connect the inlet pipe 4314 of one heat exchanger 46 and the outlet pipe 4315 of the other heat exchanger 46 to achieve communication between the two adjacent heat exchanger 46.

[0375] This embodiment can adopt the following two installation methods to fix the heat exchange component to each individual battery cell 41:

[0376] Installation Method 1: As shown in Figure 40, each heat exchange sleeve 46 is fitted onto the corresponding polarity terminal 421 one by one. During the fitting process, adjacent heat exchange sleeves 46 are connected, and the top and bottom open ends of the heat exchange sleeves 46 are sealed to the side wall of the polarity terminal 421; finally, two heat exchange channels are formed.

[0377] Installation Method 2: As shown in Figure 41, firstly, connect all the heat exchange sleeves 46 to form two heat exchange channels. Then, install each heat exchange channel as a whole on top of the 12 individual cells 41. During the installation process, each heat exchange sleeve 46 of each heat exchange channel is fitted onto the corresponding polarity terminal 421 to complete the sealing between the open top and bottom ends of the heat exchange sleeve 46 and the side wall of the polarity terminal 421; finally, two heat exchange channels are formed.

[0378] By adopting a direct heat exchange method, a portion of the structure of the polar terminal 421 is placed directly inside the heat exchange sleeve 46, allowing the polar terminal 421 to directly contact the heat exchange medium and achieve heat exchange of the polar terminal 421. Compared with the indirect heat exchange method (the heat exchange method in Example 18), it has a shorter heat exchange path, and the heat exchange medium acts directly on the polar terminal 421, improving the utilization efficiency of the heat exchange medium and improving the heat exchange efficiency of the battery.

[0379] This application provides a fifth technical solution, which mainly optimizes the battery pack housing to overcome the technical problem of low safety in existing battery packs when thermal runaway occurs. The batteries in a battery pack are usually closely packed. When one battery experiences thermal runaway, the resulting high temperature is rapidly transferred to adjacent batteries, causing them to also experience thermal runaway, creating a chain reaction of heat diffusion. This leads to damage and loss of control of the entire battery pack, causing the danger level to increase exponentially and posing a significant safety risk.

[0380] Based on this, this application provides the following technical solution to solve the problem.

[0381] Example 20

[0382] Figures 44 and 45 show schematic diagrams of the battery component in this embodiment, including a pressure-bearing housing 51 and 12 semi-finished individual battery cells 52 arranged within the pressure-bearing housing 51. In other embodiments, the number of semi-finished individual battery cells 52 can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0383] The structure of the semi-finished single-cell battery 52 is shown in Figures 46 and 47, including a sealed housing 521 and an electrode assembly located within the sealed housing 521. The sealed housing 521 serves as a cavity for the electrode assembly and electrolyte, providing a sealed space for these components. Simultaneously, the strength of the sealed housing 521 needs to meet certain requirements. In this embodiment, the strength of the sealed housing 521 is not required to meet the strength requirements for the thermal runaway stage; it only needs to meet the strength requirements for the formation stage and normal charge / discharge processes. During the formation stage and normal charge / discharge processes, the battery undergoes a series of chemical reactions and physical changes. During this process, certain pressure and heat are generated inside the battery. The sealed housing 521 needs to have sufficient strength to withstand these pressures and heat to ensure the smooth progress of the formation process and the normal use of the battery. While meeting the above strength requirements, this embodiment uses a plastic housing as the sealed housing 521 to reduce cost and battery weight.

[0384] It can be assumed that the strength of the aforementioned sealed housing 521 is P, P1≤P≤P2; where P1 is the strength requirement of the housing during the formation stage and the normal charging and discharging stage of the battery; and P2 is the strength requirement of the housing during the thermal runaway stage.

[0385] In this embodiment, the thickness of the sealing shell 521 is h, where h is less than h0, and h0 is the thickness of the existing plastic shell of the semi-finished single-cell battery 52; the thickness of the existing plastic shell of the semi-finished single-cell battery 52 is typically 5-8 mm. In this embodiment, the thickness of the sealing shell 521 can be between 1-4 mm. By reducing the thickness of the shell components of the conventional semi-finished single-cell battery 52 with a plastic shell, better heat dissipation can be achieved, while also increasing the battery energy density. Furthermore, reducing the thickness of the plastic shell means using less plastic material, which helps save material costs and provides an economic advantage for large-scale production and application.

[0386] As can be seen from Figure 47, the sealing shell 521 in this embodiment is formed by a cylinder 5211, an upper cover plate 5212 and a lower cover plate 5213.

[0387] The lower cover plate 5213 and the cylinder body 5211 can be molded in one piece using injection molding, eliminating the need for separate processing and assembly. This significantly reduces production steps and shortens the production cycle. Furthermore, the injection-molded integral part ensures uniform material distribution and tight bonding, resulting in a stronger connection between the battery lower cover plate 5213 and the cylinder body 5211, and higher overall structural strength. Additionally, reinforcing ribs can be integrally molded on the cylinder body 5211, effectively increasing its resistance to bending, compression, and torsion.

[0388] In this embodiment, since both the upper cover plate 5212 and the cylindrical body 5211 are made of plastic, a heat-fusion sealing connection can be used. Heat-fusion sealing ensures a continuous, uniform, and tight connection between the upper cover plate 5212 and the cylindrical body 5211, resulting in extremely high stability. Compared to other sealing methods, it will not loosen or leak over time, maintaining excellent sealing performance at all times. External water, dust, and other impurities cannot enter the battery, providing good protection for the electrode components and ensuring battery performance and lifespan. Furthermore, the heat-fusion sealing process is simple, and the parameters are easy to control.

[0389] It should be noted that the plastic material selected in this application should possess the following properties: 1. Sufficient strength to ensure the stability of the battery structure; 2. Resistance to chemical corrosion, able to resist electrolyte corrosion; 3. Barrier properties, effectively preventing leakage of electrolyte, gas, and other substances from inside the battery, while also preventing external impurities such as moisture and oxygen from entering the battery; additionally, a waterproof membrane can be installed between each semi-finished individual battery cell and the pressure tank to prevent electrolyte from seeping out of each semi-finished individual battery cell; 4. Good thermal stability, as the battery generates heat during charging and discharging, especially at high rates. The plastic material needs to maintain stable performance within a certain temperature range and should not soften, deform, or decompose due to high temperatures.

[0390] The plastic material used can be the material used in the existing plastic shell semi-finished single cell battery 52, or the plastic material disclosed in Chinese patents CN106543551A and CN106977894A.

[0391] The semi-finished single cell 52 is installed inside the pressure-bearing housing 51. Its strength needs to meet the strength requirements of the housing components during the thermal runaway stage. That is, the pressure-bearing housing is required to have good strength to ensure that it can form a solid thermal barrier during the thermal runaway stage. Even in the extreme case where the sealed housing 521 melts, it can effectively isolate high-temperature flames and harmful gases, prevent the spread of thermal runaway, and improve the safety of the battery components after thermal runaway.

[0392] Compared to other materials, the metal pressure tank 51 is more reliable in emergency situations such as thermal runaway. It can withstand greater impact and destructive forces, reducing the likelihood of accidents and protecting the safety of personnel and surrounding equipment. In this embodiment, the pressure tank 51 does not directly contact the electrolyte, so an iron, steel, or stainless steel shell can be used. An iron shell offers advantages in strength and cost, making it a viable option in scenarios where cost is a primary concern and strength requirements are not particularly stringent. A steel shell provides relatively high strength, offering more reliable protection for the battery and is suitable for applications with high safety and structural strength requirements. A stainless steel shell not only possesses good strength properties but also excellent corrosion resistance, making it perform well in battery applications that may face humid or corrosive environments. This effectively extends battery life and ensures stable operation in complex environments.

[0393] Example 21

[0394] This embodiment is also a battery component. Unlike embodiment 20, this embodiment adds a heat exchange component to dissipate heat from the polar terminal 522.

[0395] Figure 48 shows a partial structural diagram of the battery component in this embodiment (the pressure box 51 is not shown). As can be seen from the figure, the heat exchange component in this embodiment is a heat transfer pipe 53. The heat generated inside each semi-finished single cell can be conducted to the heat transfer pipe 53 through the polar terminal 522, and then the heat transfer pipe 53 dissipates the heat, thereby achieving heat dissipation for each semi-finished single cell.

[0396] In this embodiment, through slots 5221 or through holes for mounting heat transfer tubes 53 are provided on the two polar terminals 522. The specific structure can be seen in Figure 50. As can be seen from the figure, the polar terminal 522 in this embodiment is a cylindrical body, including a second end face, a first end face, and a side face (the second end face and the first end face are parallel to each other). The second end face is provided with an electrical connection area for connection with external electrical connectors, and the first end face is used for electrical connection with the electrode assembly inside the battery casing component. A through slot 5221 is provided on the side face (i.e., the opening of the through slot 5221 is located on the side face), serving as a mounting part for the heat transfer tube 53.

[0397] In some other embodiments, a through hole may be provided on the side, that is, the opening of the through hole is located on the side.

[0398] In some other embodiments, the through groove 5221 may also be formed on the second end face, that is, the opening of the through groove 5221 is located on the second end face.

[0399] By creating a through slot 5221 or through hole on the side, compared to creating a through slot 5221 on the second end face, the heat transfer tube 53 has a larger contact area with the inner wall of the through slot 5221, resulting in higher heat exchange efficiency. Furthermore, when the through slot 5221 or through hole is located on the side, the entire area of ​​the second end face can be used as an electrical connection area. Two through slots 5221 or through holes can also be provided on the side of the polarity terminal 522 to increase the number of heat transfer tubes 53 and further improve heat exchange efficiency.

[0400] Furthermore, the through-slot 5221 structure makes the heat transfer tube 53 easier to install compared to the through-hole structure. To further improve the ease of installation of the heat transfer tube 53, as shown in Figure 46, the openings of the through-slots 5221 on the two polarity terminals 522 in this embodiment face the same direction. Having the openings facing the same direction allows the heat transfer tube 53 to be installed along one direction, eliminating the need for complex adjustments and alignments by the operator in different directions. This greatly improves installation efficiency and accuracy, and reduces the possibility of installation errors.

[0401] The cross-section of the through-slot 5221 is C-shaped or U-shaped. The opening width of the C-shaped through-slot 5221 is smaller than the widest part of the through-slot 5221. This design is conducive to the interference fit of the heat transfer tube 53 in the through-slot 5221. The arc formed by the two ends of the C-shaped through-slot 5221 has natural tension, which is conducive to the tight fit of the heat transfer tube 53 in the through-slot 5221. The cross-section of the U-shaped through-slot 5221 is rectangular at the opening and semi-circular near the bottom of the slot. The size of the opening is slightly smaller than the widest part of the through-slot 5221 and also slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the heat transfer tube 53. This design is also conducive to the interference fit of the heat transfer tube 53 in the through-slot 5221 and to fixing the heat transfer tube 53 in the through-slot 5221. The interference fit is mainly in the bottom area of ​​the slot with a semi-circular cross-section.

[0402] The horizontal cross-section of the polarity terminal 522 can be circular, rectangular, or racetrack-shaped. Different shapes of polarity terminals 522 can be selected according to different battery models, or other different shapes. These will not be listed exhaustively in this embodiment.

[0403] In this embodiment, the first end face of the polarity terminal 522 is close to the electrode assembly. Therefore, the first end face is closer to the internal electrode assembly of the battery, and the heat transfer pipe 53 should be positioned as close as possible to the first end face. This arrangement allows the heat transfer pipe 53 to be as close as possible to the inside of the battery for heat transfer.

[0404] As can be seen from Figures 48 and 49, the heat transfer tube 53 in this embodiment is U-shaped in general, including a first tube, a second tube, and a connecting tube; the first tube is fixed in the through groove 5221 of the polar terminal 522 of each semi-finished single cell 52 on one side; the second tube is fixed in the through groove 5221 of the polar terminal 522 of each semi-finished single cell 52 on the other side; the two ends of the connecting tube are respectively connected to the ports of the first tube and the second tube on the same side.

[0405] As shown in Figure 49, when installing the heat transfer tube 53, the first tube, the second tube, and the connecting tube can be pre-assembled into one unit. Then, the first tube and the second tube are inserted into the corresponding through slots 5221 in the direction indicated by the arrow in the figure. The installation process is simple and convenient, which improves the installation efficiency.

[0406] Example 22

[0407] This embodiment is another battery component, which differs from embodiment 21 in that it uses a different heat exchange component to exchange heat on the polarity terminal 522.

[0408] As shown in Figure 51, the heat exchange component in this embodiment includes two heat exchange tubes 54. The two heat exchange tubes 54 are respectively disposed on the polarity terminals 522 on different sides of each semi-finished individual battery cell. To improve the safety performance of each semi-finished individual battery cell, the heat exchange tubes 54 should not be energized. In this embodiment, heat exchange tubes 54 made of insulating material can be selected. In other embodiments, the non-insulated heat exchange tubes 54 can be insulated, for example, by spraying insulating paint or wrapping with an insulating film. An insulating sealing gasket can also be added between the polarity terminals 522 and the heat exchange tubes 54 to achieve the above objectives.

[0409] The structure of the heat exchange tube 54 is shown in Figures 52 and 53. As can be seen from the figures, the heat exchange tube 54 in this embodiment has 12 through holes 541. The 12 through holes 541 are arranged along the x-direction and correspond one-to-one with the polarity terminals 522 of each semi-finished single cell 52. In some other embodiments, the number of through holes 541 can be adjusted according to the number of semi-finished single cells 52 in each semi-finished single cell, and the arrangement of the through holes 541 can be adjusted according to the arrangement of the semi-finished single cells 52.

[0410] The aforementioned through hole 541 is a through hole 541 that penetrates the top plate and bottom plate of the heat exchange tube 54 and communicates with the inner cavity of the heat exchange tube 54. In this embodiment, after the heat exchange tube 54 is fixed to the top of the semi-finished single cell 52, the extension direction of the through hole 541 is consistent with the height direction (i.e., the z direction) of the semi-finished single cell 52. Therefore, it can be considered that the through hole 541 extends along the z direction.

[0411] In addition, when the heat exchange tube 54 is fixed on the top of the semi-finished single cell 52, the electrical connection part of the polarity terminal 522 of each semi-finished single cell 52 passes through the bottom port 5412 of the corresponding through hole 541 and extends out from the top port 5413. The polarity terminal 522 is sealed with the hole wall of the through hole 541. The top port 5413 here is the port near the electrical connection part of the polarity terminal 522.

[0412] As shown in Figure 51, in this embodiment, two heat exchange tubes 54 are respectively sleeved on the polarity terminals 522 on different sides of each semi-finished single cell based on the through holes 541, and the two heat exchange tubes 54 are connected in series through connecting pipes. In some other embodiments, the two heat exchange tubes 54 can also be connected in parallel.

[0413] In addition, this embodiment can also provide a functional structure on the polarity terminal 522 to increase the heat exchange area of ​​that part of the polarity terminal 522. Specifically, referring to Figure 46, this embodiment has at least two annular grooves 5222 formed on the sidewall of the polarity terminal 522. The two annular grooves 5222 are arranged along the height direction of the polarity terminal 522, and each annular groove 5222 extends circumferentially along the sidewall of the polarity terminal 522. The heat exchange area of ​​that part of the polarity terminal 522 can be increased based on the two annular grooves 5222. Placing the part with the functional structure in the heat exchange medium flow cavity can further improve the heat exchange effect.

[0414] In some other embodiments, the number of annular grooves 5222, as well as the dimensions such as groove width and groove depth, can be adjusted as needed, provided that the conductivity of the polarity terminal 522 is not affected.

[0415] In other embodiments, other structures can be processed on the polarity terminal 522 to increase the heat exchange area of ​​the polarity terminal 522. Such functional structures may include dot-shaped pits or protrusions on the sidewall of the polarity terminal 522, and may also include through holes on the polarity terminal 522 (heat dissipation teeth can be added along its axial direction in the through hole to further increase the heat exchange area in the through hole). Compared with the above functional structures, the annular groove 5222 structure in this embodiment is easier to process and has a lower processing cost.

[0416] This embodiment adopts a direct heat exchange method, in which part of the structure of the polar terminal 522 is placed directly in the inner cavity of the heat exchange tube 54, so that the polar terminal 522 is in direct contact with the heat exchange medium, thereby realizing heat exchange of the polar terminal 522. Compared with the indirect heat exchange method (the heat exchange method of embodiment 22), it has a shorter heat exchange path, and the heat exchange medium acts directly on the polar terminal 522, improving the utilization efficiency of the heat exchange medium and improving the heat exchange efficiency of the battery.

[0417] Example 23

[0418] This embodiment presents another battery component, which differs from embodiment 22 in that it uses a different heat exchange component to exchange heat with the polarity terminal 522. Referring to Figures 54 and 55, it can be seen that the heat exchange component in this embodiment includes 24 heat exchange sleeves 55, which are respectively fitted around the 24 polarity terminals 522.

[0419] The structure of the heat exchange sleeve 55 is shown in Figure 56, including a hollow component 5311 and an annular sealing plate 5312; two first through holes 5313 are opened on the side wall of the hollow component 5311 to penetrate its inner cavity, which serve as liquid inlet and liquid outlet respectively; the annular sealing plate 5312 is coaxial with the hollow component 5311 and is sealed and fixed at the top of the hollow component 5311.

[0420] Referring to Figure 54, it can be seen that the heat exchange sleeve 55 is sleeved around the polar terminal 522, forming an annular cavity between it and the side wall of the polar terminal 522 (which may have an annular groove 5222). This annular cavity serves as a flow cavity for the heat exchange medium. The bottom end of the hollow component 5311 is sealed and fixed to the polar terminal 522 of the semi-finished single cell 52. The inner ring surface of the annular sealing plate 5312 is sealed and fixed to the side wall of the polar terminal 522. At the same time, part of the structure of the polar terminal 522 extends out of the inner hole of the annular sealing plate 5312, serving as the electrical connection part of the polar terminal 522.

[0421] This application does not specifically limit the cross-sectional shape of the hollow component 5311. Generally, the cross-sectional shape of the hollow component 5311 is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the polarity terminal 522. For example, when the cross-section of the polarity terminal 522 is circular, the cross-section of the corresponding hollow component 5311 is annular; when the cross-section of the polarity terminal 522 is square, the cross-section of the corresponding hollow component 5311 is square annular.

[0422] In this embodiment, the hollow component 5311 and the annular sealing plate 5312 are an integral part. In some other embodiments, the hollow component 5311 and the annular sealing plate 5312 can be separate parts, but the processing is more complicated than in this embodiment.

[0423] In this embodiment, the heat exchange sleeve 55 is made of rubber, which has a certain elastic deformation. The bottom end of the hollow component 5311 and the polar terminal 522 are tightly fitted together to achieve a sealed fixation. To improve the sealing reliability, insulating sealant can also be used for bonding. The inner ring surface of the annular sealing plate 5312 and the side wall of the polar terminal 522 are sealed by a tight fit. In some other embodiments, an annular sealing ring can be added between the inner ring surface of the annular sealing plate 5312 and the side wall of the polar terminal 522 to further improve the sealing performance.

[0424] In some other embodiments, the bottom end of the heat exchange sleeve 55 can also be sealed and fixed to the top cover plate 5212 of the semi-finished single cell 52 to ensure the seal between the hollow component 5311 and the side wall of the polar terminal 522.

[0425] As shown in Figure 54, in this embodiment, the heat exchange sleeves 55 on the same side of each semi-finished single cell 52 are connected to form two heat exchange channels on the top of the 12 semi-finished single cells 52. The two heat exchange channels can be connected in parallel or in series, and heat exchange is achieved based on the two heat exchange channels.

[0426] In this embodiment, as shown in FIG57, the heat exchange sleeve 55 further includes an inlet pipe 5314 and an outlet pipe 5315; the inlet pipe 5314 and the outlet pipe 5315 are both fixed on the side wall of the hollow component 5311 and are respectively connected to the inlet and outlet. The hollow component 5311, the annular sealing plate 5312, the inlet pipe 5314 and the outlet pipe 5315 are integral parts and are all made of insulating material, preferably an insulating material with a certain elastic deformation.

[0427] It should be noted that the inlet pipe 5314 of one heat exchanger 55 and the outlet pipe 5315 of the other heat exchanger 55 can be connected to each other to achieve communication between the two adjacent heat exchanger 55. Alternatively, a connecting pipe section can be used to connect the inlet pipe 5314 of one heat exchanger 55 and the outlet pipe 5315 of the other heat exchanger 55 to achieve communication between the two adjacent heat exchanger 55.

[0428] This embodiment can adopt the following two installation methods to fix the heat exchange component to each semi-finished single cell 52:

[0429] Installation Method 1: As shown in Figure 54, each heat exchange sleeve 55 is installed on the corresponding polarity terminal 522 one by one. During the installation process, adjacent heat exchange sleeves 55 are connected, and the top and bottom open ends of the heat exchange sleeves 55 are sealed to the side wall of the polarity terminal 522; finally, two heat exchange channels are formed.

[0430] Installation Method 2: As shown in Figure 55, firstly, connect all the heat exchange sleeves 55 to form two heat exchange channels. Then, install each heat exchange channel as a whole on top of 12 semi-finished single cells 52. During the installation process, each heat exchange sleeve 55 of each heat exchange channel is fitted onto the corresponding polarity terminal 522 to complete the sealing between the open top and bottom ends of the heat exchange sleeve 55 and the side wall of the polarity terminal 522; finally, two heat exchange channels are formed.

[0431] By adopting a direct heat exchange method, part of the structure of the polar terminal 522 is placed directly in the inner cavity of the heat exchange sleeve 55, so that the polar terminal 522 is in direct contact with the heat exchange medium, thereby realizing heat exchange of the polar terminal 522. Compared with the indirect heat exchange method (the heat exchange method of Example 23), it has a shorter heat exchange path. The heat exchange medium acts directly on the polar terminal 522, improving the utilization efficiency of the heat exchange medium and improving the heat exchange efficiency of the battery.

[0432] Example 24

[0433] Based on Examples 21, 22 and 23, this embodiment provides an insulating and sealing adhesive layer between each semi-finished individual cell 52 and between each semi-finished individual cell 52 and the pressure-bearing box 51.

[0434] The insulating sealant layer is mainly laid in the space between each semi-finished single cell 52 and the pressure-bearing box 51. The heat exchange components inside the pressure-bearing box 51 are all located within the insulating sealant layer. At the same time, the electrical connectors connected to the polar terminals 522 inside the pressure-bearing box 51 can also be located within the insulating sealant layer (when it is necessary to collect signals from the electrical connectors, the electrical connectors need to be exposed within the insulating sealant layer). When there is a gap between each semi-finished single cell 52, the insulating sealant liquid can also penetrate into the gap to form an insulating sealant layer.

[0435] In this embodiment, the insulating sealant layer has at least the following advantages:

[0436] 1. Anti-condensation: During long-term use, condensation will form on the surface of the heat exchange components due to the temperature difference between the inside and outside. When the condensation accumulates to a certain amount, it may cause a short circuit. By laying an insulating sealant layer to completely wrap the heat exchange components, the battery short circuit can be prevented when condensation forms on the surface of the heat exchange components under the protection of the insulating sealant layer.

[0437] Second, further improve the stability of each semi-finished single cell 52 within the pressure-bearing box 51; the insulating sealant penetrates into the gaps between each semi-finished single cell 52 and between each semi-finished single cell 52 and the pressure-bearing box 51, which can further improve the stability of each semi-finished single cell 52 within the pressure-bearing box 51.

[0438] Third, further improve the sealing performance of each part of the heat exchange component; specifically, the insulating sealant liquid that constitutes the insulating sealant layer penetrates into the gap between the heat exchange sleeve 55 and the side wall of the polar terminal 522 or the gap between the through hole 541 and the side wall of the polar terminal 522, and further seals the gap radially (the insulating sealant liquid cannot flow into the heat exchange medium flow cavity through the gap between the heat exchange sleeve 55 and the side wall of the polar terminal 522 or the gap between the through hole 541 and the side wall of the polar terminal 522).

[0439] Example 25

[0440] This embodiment is also a battery component. Unlike embodiment 24, as shown in Figures 58 and 59, this embodiment has clearance holes 512 on the top plate 511 of the pressure-bearing housing corresponding to the polarity terminals 522 of each semi-finished individual battery cell 52. The polarity terminals 522 of each semi-finished individual battery cell 52 extend out of the clearance holes 512. The area of ​​the top plate 511 of the pressure-bearing housing corresponding to the clearance hole 512 is fixedly sealed to the sealing shell 521 of the semi-finished individual battery cell 52. A heat exchange component is fixed to the portion where the polarity terminals 522 extend out of the clearance holes.

[0441] In this embodiment, an insulating sealant layer can be laid only on the top plate 511 of the pressure tank, and the heat exchange components are located within the insulating sealant layer. When condensation occurs on the surface of the heat exchange components, the insulating sealant layer can protect the battery from short circuits. Compared to embodiment 24, this embodiment can significantly reduce the amount of insulating sealant used, thereby reducing battery costs.

[0442] This application provides a sixth technical solution, which optimizes the top cover of a single battery cell, mainly to overcome the technical problem that the existing single battery cell explosion relief film is prone to loosening and falling off, resulting in the failure of the explosion relief function.

[0443] The explosion venting membrane on existing single-cell batteries is usually attached to the battery cover by adhesive or other means. However, during long-term use, due to factors such as corrosion from internal battery chemicals, temperature changes, and mechanical vibrations, the connection between the explosion venting membrane and the cover may become loose or detach, leading to the failure of its explosion venting function.

[0444] Based on this, this application discloses a housing component for a single battery, which includes an upper cover plate. Unlike conventional upper cover plates, this application has an integrally formed weak part on the upper cover body as a venting part for the single battery. The weak part is set close to the outside of the electrode post fixing part. When thermal runaway occurs inside the single battery and the internal pressure reaches a certain requirement, the thermal runaway flue gas breaks through the weak part to form an opening and is discharged from the opening of the weak part.

[0445] Compared to conventional single-cell battery top covers where the explosion-proof membrane and the top cover body are separate components, this application integrates the top cover body with the weak point, with the weak point positioned tightly against the outer side of the terminal post fixing part. This offers significant advantages: First, in separate designs, sealing the junction between the explosion-proof membrane and the top cover body is difficult. Special sealants, complex sealing structures, and high-precision machining are required, resulting in high costs and complex processes. Even so, sealing failure can still occur due to material aging, temperature changes, and other factors, leading to the failure of the explosion-proof function. In contrast, this application's integrated design provides a seamless connection, inherently possessing excellent sealing performance. It eliminates the risk of loosening or detachment at the connection points, greatly improving the stability and reliability of the structure and maintaining consistently good explosion-proof performance. Second, separate designs require substantial investment to achieve a high level of sealing. This integrated design avoids expensive sealing materials and complex installation processes, significantly reducing costs. This results in significant economic benefits during large-scale production. Furthermore, the integrated design reduces the scrap rate due to poor sealing, further lowering overall costs. Third, compared to a split design, the integrated design provides a more uniform stress distribution at the weak points, ensuring reliable opening under set pressure and preventing premature or inability to open. This provides a more reliable guarantee for safe operation of the battery under extreme conditions, enhancing battery stability and safety. Fourth, the integrated design simplifies the top cover structure, reduces the number of parts, and makes battery assembly more convenient and efficient. In contrast, split designs involve separate manufacturing and reassembly for sealing, increasing manufacturing uncertainty and quality control difficulty. Finally, due to the high terminal temperature during single-cell operation, existing single-cell thermal runaway gases may overflow not only from the explosion venting membrane but also from the surrounding area of ​​the terminal, making the thermal runaway gases uncontrollable. This application replaces the existing single-cell explosion venting membrane with a weak point and places it directly near the periphery of the terminal, ensuring that thermal runaway gases can only overflow from the periphery of the terminal, improving the controllability of thermal runaway.

[0446] It should be noted that: 1. The "terminal fixing part" mentioned above, which states that "the weak part is set close to the outside of the terminal fixing part," actually refers to the component used to fix and seal the terminal and the upper cover body. This can be a cast sealing layer or a combination of the cast sealing layer and fasteners. 2. The strength of the weak part is less than the strength of the rest of the upper cover body to ensure that, in the event of thermal runaway, the weak part is the first to open. The strength of the weak part cannot be too low either, so that it will not deform or crack during the cell formation stage or normal operation, thus affecting battery performance. Therefore, during the design phase, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the various stresses that the upper cover body bears during normal battery operation, including internal pressure and external vibration. By rationally designing the corresponding structural dimensions of the weak part, while ensuring the structural stability of the upper cover body under normal operating conditions, it is also ensured that the weak part can reliably perform its explosion-proof function in the event of thermal runaway.

[0447] Example 26

[0448] Figures 60 to 62 show schematic diagrams of the casing component for a single battery cell in this embodiment. The casing includes an upper cover plate, which comprises an upper cover body 61 and terminal posts 610. The terminal posts are mounted on the upper cover body via terminal post fixing parts. A groove 62 is formed around the lower surface of the upper cover body 61, in a region closely adjacent to the terminal post fixing parts, creating a weak point. In this embodiment, the upper cover plate has two terminal posts, a positive terminal post and a negative terminal post. In some other embodiments, the weak point can also be a fan-shaped recess, or a circular or rectangular recess.

[0449] In this embodiment, the top cover body 61 is made of plastic and can be integrally molded using injection molding to form a top cover body 61 with a groove 62. The low density of plastic significantly reduces the overall weight of the battery. Simultaneously, thanks to the good plasticity of plastic, injection molding allows for precise shaping of the groove structure, ensuring the accuracy of the groove's size and shape. Integral molding also avoids additional seams, ensuring the overall sealing of the top cover body 61 and effectively preventing the intrusion of external impurities. Furthermore, injection molding is low-cost and highly efficient, reducing processing steps and production costs, resulting in significant economic benefits in large-scale production. In other embodiments, the top cover body 61 can also be made of metal, and the groove 62 can be formed on the top cover body 61 through extrusion or machining.

[0450] Since plastic materials have weaker high-temperature resistance than metal materials, the high temperature of the pole post is more likely to cause cracks in the area around the pole post. Therefore, the design of setting the weak part in the area near the pole post is more suitable for the plastic upper cover body. The depth and width of the groove 62 can be set according to specific needs to ensure that the area of ​​the upper cover body 61 where the bottom of the groove 62 is located can be opened under the set pressure.

[0451] However, it is important to note that the depth and width of the groove 62 should not be excessive. If the dimensions exceed a reasonable range, the groove 62 may deform or even crack due to insufficient strength when the battery has not experienced thermal runaway (i.e., during formation and normal operation), thereby affecting battery performance. Therefore, during the design phase, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the various stresses that the cover body 61 will bear during normal battery operation, including internal pressure and external vibration. By rationally planning the corresponding dimensions of the groove 62, while ensuring the structural stability of the cover body 61 under normal operating conditions, it is also ensured that the groove 62 can reliably perform its explosion-proof function in the event of thermal runaway.

[0452] To prevent the pole from collapsing after the groove breaks, at least three connecting ribs are evenly distributed circumferentially within the groove in this embodiment. Therefore, even if the groove breaks, the three connecting ribs can still provide a connection force between the pole and the upper cover body, reducing or even avoiding the possibility of the pole collapsing and improving safety.

[0453] As is well known, during the operation of a single battery cell, the temperature of the positive electrode post is higher than that of the negative electrode post. In principle, the probability of cracking in the area around the positive electrode post in the upper cover body is higher than that in the area around the negative electrode post. Therefore, in this embodiment, the weakest part is preferably located near the positive electrode post.

[0454] In this embodiment, the upper cover plate is also provided with a liquid injection mechanism 65, which includes a liquid injection channel 651, a sealing plug 652, and a sealing piece 653. The liquid injection channel 651 is a hollow cylinder integrally formed on the upper cover body and facing the inside of the single cell. The lower end of the hollow cylinder is the liquid outlet, and the upper end is the liquid inlet. The sealing plug 652 is installed in the liquid injection channel, and the sealing piece 653 is fixed to the liquid inlet by heat fusion.

[0455] The sealing plug 652 and the sealing piece 653 constitute two seals at the injection channel. The practical reasons for this are: 1. Two seals are more reliable, preventing thermal runaway gas from leaking from this point in the event of thermal runaway, further improving the controllability of the thermal runaway gas. 2. Before the finished single-cell battery leaves the factory, in addition to the initial injection, a secondary liquid replenishment may be required. Therefore, during the initial injection and secondary liquid replenishment processes, the sealing plug can be used as a temporary seal, and the sealing piece will be heat-fused and fixed in the final stage.

[0456] Example 27

[0457] As shown in Figure 63, this embodiment provides a single-cell battery, including a casing component. The casing component includes the upper cover plate as described in Embodiment 26, and also includes a cylindrical body 63 and a lower cover plate 64, which are enclosed by the cylindrical body 63, the lower cover plate 64, and the upper cover plate. Corresponding to the aforementioned upper cover plate, both the cylindrical body 63 and the lower cover plate 64 in this embodiment are made of plastic. The lower cover plate 64 and the cylindrical body 63 can be molded in one piece using injection molding, eliminating the need for separate processing and assembly. This significantly reduces production steps and shortens the production cycle. Moreover, during the molding process, the material is evenly distributed and tightly bonded, making the connection between the battery lower cover plate 64 and the cylindrical body 63 more robust and the overall structural strength higher. In addition, reinforcing ribs can be integrally molded on the cylindrical body 63, effectively increasing the bending, compressive, and torsional resistance of the cylindrical body 63.

[0458] In this embodiment, since both the top cover body 61 and the cylindrical body 63 are made of plastic, a heat-sealing connection can be used. Heat-sealing ensures a continuous, uniform, and tight connection between the top cover body 61 and the cylindrical body 63, resulting in extremely high stability. External water, dust, and other impurities cannot enter the battery, providing excellent protection for the electrode components and ensuring the battery's performance and lifespan. Furthermore, the heat-sealing process is simple, and the parameters are easy to control.

[0459] It should be noted that the plastic material selected in this application should possess the following properties: 1. Sufficient strength to ensure the stability of the battery structure; 2. Chemical corrosion resistance to resist electrolyte corrosion; 3. Barrier properties to effectively prevent leakage of electrolyte, gas, and other substances from the battery, while also preventing external impurities such as moisture and oxygen from entering the battery; 4. Good thermal stability, as the battery generates heat during charging and discharging, especially at high rates. The plastic material needs to maintain stable performance within a certain temperature range and should not soften, deform, or decompose due to high temperatures.

[0460] The plastic material used can be the same material used in existing plastic-cased single-cell batteries 68, or the plastic material disclosed in Chinese patents CN106543551A and CN106977894A.

[0461] To further reduce costs, the strength of the 68-cell battery casing component in this embodiment meets certain requirements. However, this embodiment does not require the casing component to meet the strength requirements during the thermal runaway stage; it only needs to meet the strength requirements during the formation stage and normal charge / discharge processes. (Correspondingly, the strength of any weak points on the casing should also meet the strength requirements during the formation stage and normal charge / discharge processes.) During the formation stage and normal charge / discharge processes, the battery undergoes a series of chemical reactions and physical changes. During this process, certain pressure and heat are generated inside the battery. The casing component needs to have sufficient strength to withstand this pressure and heat to ensure the smooth progress of the formation process and the normal use of the battery.

[0462] It can be assumed that the strength of the aforementioned shell components is P, where P1≤P≤P2; where P1 is the strength requirement of the shell components during the formation stage and the normal charge and discharge stage of the battery; and P2 is the strength requirement of the shell components during the thermal runaway stage. Under the premise of meeting the above strength requirements, in this embodiment, the thickness of the shell components (cylinder 63, upper cover body 61, and lower cover plate 64) is h, where h is less than h0, and h0 is the thickness of the plastic shell of a traditional single-cell battery 68; the thickness of the plastic shell of a traditional single-cell battery 68 is typically 5-8 mm. In this embodiment, the thickness of the shell components can be between 1-4 mm, and the thickness of the upper cover body 61 corresponding to the bottom of the groove 62 is less than the thickness of the rest of the upper cover body 61. By reducing the thickness of the shell components of a traditional single-cell battery 68 with a plastic shell, better heat dissipation can be achieved, and the battery energy density can also be increased. Furthermore, reducing the thickness of the plastic shell means using less plastic material, which helps save material costs and provides an economic advantage for large-scale production and application.

[0463] Example 28

[0464] As shown in Figures 64 and 65, this embodiment optimizes the structure of a single battery cell based on Embodiment 27. The casing of the single battery cell has a first recess 66 and a first protrusion 613. The first recess 66 is used to insert the first protrusion 613 of another single battery cell for fixed connection. When multiple single batteries form a battery assembly, the connection between adjacent single batteries is more reliable through the insertion and engagement of the first recess 66 and the first protrusion 613. Since the casing of the single battery cell in this embodiment is made of plastic, to further improve the reliability of the connection between adjacent single batteries, the first recess 66 and the first protrusion 613 can also be fixed by heat fusion after insertion.

[0465] Example 29

[0466] As shown in Figure 66, this embodiment is a battery component, including a pressure-bearing housing 67 and 12 individual batteries 68 as described in Embodiment 27 above. In other embodiments, the number of individual batteries 68 can be adjusted according to actual needs. The 12 individual batteries 68 in Embodiment 27 are arranged inside the pressure-bearing housing 67, and each individual battery has a venting channel between its weak point and the pressure-bearing housing; the pressure-bearing housing 67 is provided with a venting part 611 corresponding to the venting channel (the venting part 611 here can also be called an explosion-proof part, explosion-proof port, or venting port, etc., and is usually provided with a pressure relief valve or explosion relief membrane, etc.); when the individual battery 68 experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas ruptures the weak point, passes through the venting channel, ruptures the venting part 611, and exits the pressure-bearing housing 67.

[0467] The pressure-bearing housing 67 meets the compressive strength requirements during thermal runaway, meaning it must possess good strength. This design not only effectively resists the high-pressure impact during thermal runaway thanks to the reinforced outer casing, significantly improving the overall safety of the battery component, but also, especially when plastic is used as the casing for the internal individual cells 68, forms a robust thermal barrier. Even in extreme cases where the casing for the individual cells 68 melts, it effectively isolates high-temperature flames and harmful gases, preventing the spread of thermal runaway and enhancing the safety of the battery component after thermal runaway. Furthermore, when plastic is used as the casing for the internal individual cells 68, an impermeable membrane can be installed between each individual cell 68 and the pressure-bearing housing 67 to prevent the electrolyte inside each individual cell 68 from seeping outwards.

[0468] Compared to other materials, the metal pressure tank 67 is more reliable in emergency situations such as thermal runaway. It can withstand greater impact and destructive forces, reducing the likelihood of accidents and protecting personnel and surrounding equipment. In this embodiment, the pressure tank 67 does not directly contact the electrolyte, so an iron, steel, or stainless steel shell can be used. An iron shell offers advantages in strength and cost, making it a viable option in scenarios where cost is a primary concern and strength requirements are not particularly stringent. A steel shell provides relatively high strength, offering more reliable protection for the battery and is suitable for applications with high safety and structural strength requirements. A stainless steel shell not only possesses good strength properties but also excellent corrosion resistance, making it perform well in battery applications that may face humid or corrosive environments. This effectively extends battery life and ensures stable operation in complex environments.

[0469] As shown in Figure 67, in this embodiment, a clearance hole 612 is provided on the top plate of the pressure box corresponding to the terminal post 610 of each individual battery 68; the terminal post 610 of each individual battery 68 extends out of the clearance hole 612; and the terminal post and the clearance hole are insulated and sealed, so that the terminal post of the individual battery extends out of the pressure box, which can facilitate the electrical connection between individual batteries and the electrical connection between battery components and external equipment.

[0470] It should be noted that the single battery terminal in this embodiment can be an extended terminal integrally formed on the upper cover body; or it can be an extension of the terminal added to the conventional terminal of the existing single battery. Whether it is an extended terminal or an extension of the terminal, the purpose is to make the single battery terminal extend out of the clearance hole in this embodiment, so as to facilitate electrical connection and heat exchange with the heat exchange component.

[0471] To optimize the heat dissipation performance of the aforementioned battery components, this embodiment may further include a heat exchange component 69 to exchange heat with the terminal post 610. As a crucial component connecting the battery's internal and external components, the terminal post 610 allows current to flow in and out of the battery during charging and discharging. When heat is generated inside the battery, heat dissipation through the terminal post 610 provides a relatively direct heat conduction path. Heat can be rapidly conducted from inside the battery to the terminal post 610, and then dissipated from the terminal post 610 to the external environment. Furthermore, since the terminal post 610 is typically located at the positive and negative terminals of the battery, these areas are often where heat is concentrated during charging and discharging. By dissipating heat from the terminal post, the temperature of these critical components can be reduced more effectively.

[0472] The heat exchange component 69 is a heat transfer tube; each terminal post 610 of the individual cell 68 is provided with a through groove or through hole for installing the heat transfer tube; the heat transfer tube is fixed in the through groove or through hole of each terminal post 610 of the individual cell 68. Using the heat transfer tube on the terminal post 610, the heat generated inside the battery is conducted through the terminal post 610 to the heat transfer tube, and then the heat transfer tube dissipates the heat, thus achieving heat dissipation of the battery.

[0473] The heat exchange component 69 can also be a heat exchange device, which is disposed on top of each individual battery cell 68. The electrode post 610 penetrates the heat exchange device, with at least a portion of its structure located within the heat exchange device's inner cavity and in direct contact with the heat exchange medium. Another portion of the electrode post 610 is located outside the heat exchange device, serving as an electrical connection. The sidewall of the electrode post 610 is sealed to the heat exchange device. This direct heat exchange method places a portion of the electrode post 610 directly within the heat exchange medium flow cavity (the inner cavity of the heat exchange device), allowing the electrode post 610 to directly contact the heat exchange medium and achieve heat exchange. Compared to indirect heat exchange, this method has a shorter heat exchange path, and the heat exchange medium acts directly on the electrode post, improving the utilization efficiency of the heat exchange medium and enhancing the battery's heat exchange efficiency.

[0474] In this embodiment, a first insulating sealant layer can also be provided between each individual battery cell 68 and between each individual battery cell 68 and the pressure-bearing housing 67. The first insulating sealant layer is laid in the space between each individual battery cell 68 and the pressure-bearing housing 67. When there is a gap between each individual battery cell 68, the insulating sealant liquid can also penetrate into the gap. In addition, a second insulating sealant layer is also laid on the top plate of the pressure-bearing housing 67, and the heat exchange component 69 is at least partially located within the second insulating sealant layer.

[0475] In this embodiment, the first insulating sealant layer and the second insulating sealant layer have at least the following advantages: First, they prevent condensation. During long-term use, condensation will occur on the surface of the heat exchange component 69 due to the temperature difference between the inside and outside. When the condensation accumulates to a certain amount, it may cause a short circuit. By laying the first insulating sealant layer to completely wrap the heat exchange component 69, when condensation occurs on the surface of the heat exchange component 69, the battery short circuit can be prevented under the protection of the first insulating sealant layer. Second, the second insulating sealant layer can further improve the stability of each individual battery cell 68 in the pressure tank.

[0476] Example 30

[0477] As shown in Figures 64, 65, and 67, this embodiment is a battery component, including a pressure-bearing housing 67 and 12 individual battery cells 68 as described in Embodiment 28 above. In other embodiments, the number of individual battery cells 68 can be adjusted according to actual needs. The battery component in this embodiment differs from the battery component in Embodiment 29 in that adjacent individual battery cells are connected by heat fusion after interlocking with a first recess 66 and a first protrusion 613, so that each individual battery cell can be stably installed in the pressure-bearing housing. Furthermore, both the first recess 66 and the first protrusion 613 extend along the height direction of the cylinder, ensuring that the first recess and the first protrusion have sufficient heat fusion connection surface. The advantage of this design is that it facilitates heat fusion connection, and the connection strength between adjacent individual battery cells is good.

Claims

1. A housing component for a single-cell battery, characterized in that, It includes at least one of the upper cover plate, the cylinder body, and the lower cover plate.

2. The housing component for a single battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes an upper cover plate, which includes an upper cover body and a weak part integrally disposed on the upper cover body; the strength of the weak part is less than the strength of the upper cover body, and when a single cell experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke breaks through the weak part and is discharged.

3. The housing component for a single battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, A recessed area is created on the top cover body to form a weak point.

4. The housing component for a single battery according to claim 3, characterized in that, A recessed area that is recessed downwards is formed on the upper surface of the cover body, creating a weak part; or, a recessed area that is recessed upwards is formed on the lower surface of the cover body, creating a weak part.

5. The housing component for a single battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, A through hole is made in the upper cover body along its width or length direction to form a weak part.

6. The housing component for a single battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The weak point is located between the two polarity terminals of the upper cover body.

7. The housing component for a single-cell battery according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that, The main body of the top cover and the weak part integrated on the main body of the top cover are made of plastic.

8. The housing component for a single battery according to claim 1, comprising an upper cover plate, the upper cover plate comprising an upper cover body and a terminal post; the terminal post is mounted on the upper cover body via a terminal post fixing part; characterized in that, It also includes a weak part integrally set on the upper cover body, and the weak part is set close to the outside of the electrode post fixing part. The strength of the weak part is less than the strength of the upper cover body. When the single cell thermally runs away, the thermal runaway smoke breaks through the weak part and is discharged.

9. The housing component for a single battery according to claim 8, characterized in that, A groove is made on the lower surface of the upper cover body, in the area close to the pole fixing part, to form a weak part.

10. The housing component for a single battery according to claim 9, characterized in that, At least three connecting ribs are evenly distributed along the circumference of the groove.

11. The housing component for a single battery according to claim 8, characterized in that, The weak point corresponds to the part located near the positive terminal.

12. The housing component for a single-cell battery according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that, The main body of the top cover and the weak part integrated on the main body of the top cover are made of plastic.

13. The housing component for a single battery according to claim 12, characterized in that, It also includes a liquid injection structure; the liquid injection mechanism includes a liquid injection channel integrally formed on the upper cover body, a sealing plug that is interference-fitted in the liquid injection channel, and a sealing piece that is heat-fused and fixed to the liquid inlet of the liquid injection channel.

14. The housing component for a single battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device includes a cylindrical body, which includes a first chamber and at least one second chamber; the first chamber serves as an electrode assembly receiving chamber for mounting the electrode assembly; the second chamber serves as an electrolyte storage chamber for storing free electrolyte; wherein the first chamber and the second chamber are connected.

15. The housing component for a single battery according to claim 14, characterized in that, It includes a partition installed in the inner cavity of the cylinder, which divides the inner cavity of the cylinder into a first chamber and a second chamber. The partition has multiple hollow areas to allow the first chamber and the second chamber to communicate with each other.

16. The housing component for a single battery according to claim 14, characterized in that, Multiple stiffening plates are provided on the inner wall of at least one side wall of the cylinder, and the space between adjacent stiffening plates is used as a second chamber.

17. The housing component for a single battery according to claim 16, characterized in that, Multiple stiffeners are symmetrically arranged on two parallel side walls of the cylinder; the length direction of the cylinder is defined as the x-direction, the width direction as the y-direction, and the height direction as the z-direction; both side walls are parallel to the yz plane; each stiffener extends along the z-direction, and multiple stiffeners are arranged along the y-direction.

18. The housing component for a single battery according to claim 14, characterized in that, The device includes a partition installed in the inner cavity of the cylinder, which divides the inner cavity of the cylinder into a first chamber and a second chamber. The partition has multiple hollow areas to allow the first chamber and the second chamber to communicate. In the second chamber, there are multiple stiffening plates that extend along the z-direction. The two sides of each stiffening plate abut against the inner wall of the cylinder and the partition, respectively.

19. The housing component for a single-cell battery according to any one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that, It also includes an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate. The shell component is composed of the upper cover plate, the cylinder and the lower cover plate, all of which are made of plastic.

20. The housing component for a single battery according to claim 19, characterized in that, The inner wall of the lower cover plate is provided with multiple protrusions arranged in an array. The top of the protrusions is used to support the electrode assembly, and the gap between the protrusions serves as an electrolyte flow channel.

21. The housing component for a single battery according to claim 20, characterized in that, The upper cover plate has a stepped structure along its edge. The stepped structure serves as a positioning structure for the open end of the cylinder and is sealed to the open end of the cylinder by heat fusion.

22. The housing component for a single battery according to claim 19, characterized in that, The strength of the shell component is P, where P1≤P≤P2; where P1 is the strength requirement of the shell component during the formation stage and the normal charging and discharging stage of the battery; and P2 is the strength requirement of the shell component during the thermal runaway stage.

23. A single-cell battery, characterized in that, Includes the housing component for a single battery as described in any one of claims 19 to 22.

24. A single-cell battery, characterized in that, The housing component for a single battery as described in any one of claims 2 to 7 further includes a cylindrical body and a lower cover plate, and the housing component is formed by an upper cover plate, a cylindrical body and a lower cover plate.

25. The single-cell battery according to claim 24, characterized in that, The strength of the shell component is P, where P1≤P≤P2; where P1 is the strength requirement of the shell component during the formation stage and the normal charging and discharging stage of the battery; and P2 is the strength requirement of the shell component during the thermal runaway stage.

26. A single-cell battery, characterized in that, The housing component for a single battery as described in any one of claims 8 to 13 further includes a cylindrical body and a lower cover plate, and the housing component is formed by an upper cover plate, a cylindrical body and a lower cover plate.

27. The single-cell battery according to claim 26, characterized in that, The strength of the shell component is P, where P1≤P≤P2; where P1 is the strength requirement of the shell component during the formation stage and the normal charging and discharging stage of the battery; and P2 is the strength requirement of the shell component during the thermal runaway stage.

28. The single-cell battery according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that, The housing component has a recess and a protrusion; wherein the first recess is used for the insertion and fixed connection of the first protrusion on another single cell.

29. A single-cell battery, characterized in that, The system includes a semi-finished single-cell battery and a pressure-bearing housing. The semi-finished single-cell battery includes a sealed housing and an electrode assembly located within the sealed housing. The sealed housing is a plastic housing with a strength of P, where P1≤P≤P2. P1 represents the strength requirement of the housing during the formation stage and the normal charge / discharge stage of the battery, and P2 represents the strength requirement of the housing during the thermal runaway stage. The semi-finished single-cell battery is installed within the pressure-bearing housing, and the polarity terminals of the semi-finished single-cell battery extend out of the pressure-bearing housing and are sealed to the pressure-bearing housing. The strength of the pressure-bearing shell meets the strength requirements for the shell during the thermal runaway stage.

30. The single-cell battery according to claim 29, characterized in that, The thickness of the sealed housing is h, where h is less than h0, and h0 is the thickness of the existing single-cell plastic housing.

31. The single-cell battery according to claim 30, characterized in that, The pressure-bearing shell is made of iron, steel, or stainless steel.

32. The single-cell battery according to any one of claims 29 to 31, characterized in that, The polar terminals of the semi-finished single cells are provided with through slots or through holes for installing heat transfer tubes.

33. The single-cell battery according to any one of claims 29 to 31, characterized in that, The polar terminals of the semi-finished single-cell batteries are provided with functional structures, which are used to increase the heat exchange area of ​​the polar terminals.

34. The single-cell battery according to any one of claims 29 to 31, characterized in that, An anti-seepage membrane is installed between the semi-finished single cell and the pressure-bearing casing to prevent the electrolyte inside the semi-finished single cell from seeping out.

35. A single-cell battery, characterized in that, The product includes a semi-finished single cell, which includes a sealed casing and an electrode assembly located within the sealed casing. The sealed casing is a plastic casing, and its strength meets the strength requirements of the casing during the formation stage and the normal charging and discharging stage of the battery.

36. The single-cell battery according to claim 35, characterized in that, The thickness of the sealed housing is h, where h is less than h0, and h0 is the thickness of the existing single-cell plastic housing.

37. A single-cell battery, characterized in that... It includes a single battery cell body and a pressure-bearing housing; the single battery cell body is a plastic-cased battery; the single battery cell body is installed inside the pressure-bearing housing, and the polar terminals of the single battery cell body extend out of the pressure-bearing housing and are sealed to the pressure-bearing housing; wherein the strength of the pressure-bearing housing meets the strength requirements of the housing during the thermal runaway stage.

38. The single-cell battery according to claim 37, characterized in that... The pressure-bearing shell is a metal shell.

39. The single-cell battery according to claim 38, characterized in that... The metal casing is made of iron, steel, or stainless steel.

40. The single-cell battery according to any one of claims 37 to 39, characterized in that... The polar terminals of a single battery cell are provided with slots or holes for installing heat transfer tubes.

41. The single-cell battery according to any one of claims 37 to 39, characterized in that... Each individual battery cell has a functional structure on its polar terminal, which is used to increase the heat exchange area of ​​that part of the polar terminal.

42. The single-cell battery according to any one of claims 37 to 39, characterized in that... An anti-permeability membrane is provided between the individual battery body and the pressure-bearing casing to prevent the electrolyte inside the individual battery body from seeping out.

43. A battery component, characterized in that... It includes n single-cell batteries as described in any one of claims 37 to 42, where n is an integer greater than 1.

44. The battery component according to claim 43, characterized in that... It also includes heat exchange components, which exchange heat with the polarity terminals.

45. The battery component according to claim 44, characterized in that... The heat exchange component is a heat transfer tube; the heat transfer tube is fixed in the through slot or through hole of each individual cell polarity terminal.

46. ​​The battery component according to claim 44, characterized in that... The heat exchange component is a heat exchange device, which is located on top of each individual cell; the polar terminal penetrates the heat exchange device, and at least a part of the structure of the polar terminal is located inside the heat exchange device and is in direct contact with the heat exchange medium; another part of the structure of the polar terminal is located outside the heat exchange device and serves as an electrical connection part; the side wall of the polar terminal is sealed with the heat exchange device.

47. The battery component according to claim 46, characterized in that... The part of the polar terminal with a functional structure is located inside the heat exchange device.

48. A battery component, characterized in that, Includes the single-cell battery as described in any one of claims 29 to 34.

49. The battery component according to claim 48, characterized in that, It also includes heat exchange components that exchange heat with the polarity terminals.

50. The battery component according to claim 49, characterized in that, The heat exchange component is a heat transfer tube; the heat transfer tube is fixed in the through slot or through hole of each individual cell polarity terminal.

51. The battery component according to claim 49, characterized in that, The heat exchange component is a heat exchange device, which is located on top of each individual cell; the polar terminal penetrates the heat exchange device, and at least a part of the structure of the polar terminal is located inside the heat exchange device and is in direct contact with the heat exchange medium; another part of the structure of the polar terminal is located outside the heat exchange device and serves as an electrical connection part; the side wall of the polar terminal is sealed with the heat exchange device.

52. The battery component according to claim 51, characterized in that, The part of the polarity terminal with a functional structure is located inside the heat exchanger.

53. A battery component, characterized in that, The device includes a pressure-bearing housing and n individual batteries as described in claim 24 or 25, where n is an integer greater than 1; the n individual batteries are arranged inside the pressure-bearing housing, and a venting channel is formed between the weak part of each individual battery and the pressure-bearing housing; wherein the strength of the pressure-bearing housing meets the strength requirements of the housing during the thermal runaway stage, and the pressure-bearing housing is provided with a venting part corresponding to the venting channel; when the individual battery experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway smoke breaks through the weak part, passes through the venting channel, breaks through the venting part, and exits the pressure-bearing housing.

54. The battery component according to claim 53, characterized in that, It also includes heat exchange components that exchange heat with the polarity terminals.

55. A battery component, characterized in that, The device includes a pressure-bearing housing and n individual batteries as described in any one of claims 26 to 28, where n is an integer greater than 1; the n individual batteries are arranged inside the pressure-bearing housing, and each individual battery has a venting channel between its weak point and the pressure-bearing housing; wherein the pressure-bearing housing meets the compressive strength requirements during the thermal runaway stage, and the pressure-bearing housing is provided with a venting part corresponding to the venting channel; when an individual battery experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway flue gas breaks through the weak point and is discharged from the pressure-bearing housing in sequence through the venting channel and the venting part.

56. The battery component according to claim 55, characterized in that, The top plate of the pressure tank has clearance holes corresponding to the terminals of each individual battery; each individual battery terminal extends out of the clearance holes; the area of ​​the top plate of the pressure tank corresponding to the clearance holes is fixedly sealed to the individual battery casing components.

57. The battery component according to claim 56, characterized in that, A first insulating sealant layer is provided between each individual battery cell inside the pressure chamber, and between each individual battery cell and the chamber.

58. The battery component according to claim 57, characterized in that, It also includes heat exchange components; the portion of each individual battery terminal extending out of the pressure-bearing box cooperates with the heat exchange components to achieve temperature control of each individual battery; a second insulating sealant layer is laid on the top of the pressure-bearing box, and at least part of the structure of the heat exchange components is located within the second insulating sealant layer.

59. A battery component, characterized in that, It includes a pressure-bearing housing and n individual batteries as described in claim 23, where n is an integer greater than 1; the n individual batteries are arranged inside the pressure-bearing housing; wherein the strength of the pressure-bearing housing meets the strength requirements of the housing during the thermal runaway stage, and the pressure-bearing housing is provided with a vent.

60. The battery component according to claim 59, characterized in that, It also includes heat exchange components that exchange heat with the polarity terminals.

61. A battery component, characterized in that, The device includes a pressure-bearing housing and n semi-finished individual batteries arranged within the pressure-bearing housing, where n is an integer greater than 1. Each semi-finished individual battery includes a sealed casing and an electrode assembly located within the sealed casing. The sealed casing is a plastic casing with a strength of P, where P1 ≤ P ≤ P2. P1 represents the strength requirement of the casing during the formation stage and the normal charge / discharge stage of the battery, while P2 represents the strength requirement of the casing during the thermal runaway stage. The pressure-bearing housing has the strength required for the casing during the thermal runaway stage, and a vent is provided on the pressure-bearing housing.

62. The battery component according to claim 61, characterized in that, The thickness of the sealed housing is h, where h is less than h0, and h0 is the thickness of the plastic housing of a traditional single battery cell.

63. The battery component according to claim 61, characterized in that, The pressure-bearing box is made of iron, steel, or stainless steel.

64. The battery component according to claim 61, characterized in that, It also includes heat exchange components that exchange heat with the polarity terminals.

65. The battery component according to claim 64, characterized in that, The heat exchange component is a heat transfer tube; each of the polar terminals of the semi-finished single cell is provided with a through groove or through hole for installing the heat transfer tube; the heat transfer tube is fixed in the through groove or through hole of each of the polar terminals of the semi-finished single cell.

66. The battery component according to claim 64, characterized in that, The heat exchange component is a heat exchange device, which is installed on top of each semi-finished single cell. The polar terminal penetrates the heat exchange device, and at least a part of the structure of the polar terminal is located in the inner cavity of the heat exchange device and is in direct contact with the heat exchange medium. Another part of the structure of the polar terminal is located outside the heat exchange device and serves as an electrical connection part. The side wall of the polar terminal is sealed with the heat exchange device.

67. The battery component according to claim 66, characterized in that, The polar terminals of the semi-finished single-cell batteries are provided with functional structures, which are used to increase the heat exchange area of ​​the polar terminals at that location; the part of the polar terminals with functional structures is located in the inner cavity of the heat exchange device.

68. The battery component according to claim 64, characterized in that, Insulating sealant layers are provided between each semi-finished cell and between each semi-finished cell and the pressure tank; the heat exchange components are located within the insulating sealant layers.

69. The battery component according to claim 64, characterized in that, The top plate of the pressure tank has clearance holes corresponding to the polarity terminals of each semi-finished single cell; the area of ​​the top plate of the pressure tank corresponding to the clearance hole is fixedly sealed with the sealing shell of the semi-finished single cell; the polarity terminals of each semi-finished single cell extend out of the clearance hole.

70. The battery component according to claim 69, characterized in that, An insulating sealant layer is laid on the top plate of the pressure tank, and the heat exchange components are located inside the insulating sealant layer.

71. The battery component according to claim 61, characterized in that, The capacity of the semi-finished single cell is 280Ah or 314Ah, and n equals 13.

72. The battery component according to claim 61, characterized in that, An anti-seepage membrane is installed between each semi-finished cell and the pressure tank to prevent the electrolyte inside each semi-finished cell from seeping out.

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