Low-profile ultra-wideband antenna and working method thereof

Abstract

The present application discloses a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna and a working method thereof. The low-profile ultra-wideband antenna comprises: a radiator for performing effective radiation of the antenna in a first band; an antenna feed body, wherein the antenna feed body and the radiator partially overlap in projection in a direction perpendicular to a ground plane, the overlapping portion of the projections is coupled to form a coupled feed structure, the antenna feed body is used for transmitting energy to the radiator and serving as the radiator in a second band to provide impedance matching, and the coupled feed structure is used for performing coupled feeding, realizing impedance matching in the first band and expanding the impedance bandwidth of the first band; a branch antenna for providing radiation in a third band and assisting the radiation of a parasitic antenna in a fourth band; and the parasitic antenna for providing radiation in a fifth band. The present application is used for realizing ultra-wideband coverage in a limited space, and can provide good radiation performance and impedance matching effect in all bands.

Description

Low-profile ultrawideband antenna and its operating method

[0001] cross-application

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202510012058.6, filed on January 3, 2025, and incorporates the entire contents of the disclosure of the aforementioned patent application as part of this application. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to low-profile ultra-wideband antennas and their operating methods. Background Technology

[0004] This section is intended to provide background or context for the embodiments of this application set forth in the claims. The description herein is not an admission that it is prior art simply because it is included in this section.

[0005] Ultra-wideband antennas can cover multiple frequency bands, so they can be used in a variety of environments, such as LTE bands, Wi-Fi bands, GSM, CDMA bands, 4G low-frequency bands, MHB bands, 5G low-frequency bands, etc., to meet the needs of different customers.

[0006] Existing ultra-wideband antenna technologies typically employ traditional feeding methods and a single radiator design, and their main problems include:

[0007] 1. Size limitations: It is very difficult to implement ultra-wideband antennas in miniaturized devices, especially in the low-frequency band.

[0008] 2. Bandwidth issue: Existing technologies make it difficult to simultaneously extend low-frequency bandwidth and cover the entire ultra-wideband.

[0009] 3. Performance degradation: In the low-frequency band, traditional feeding methods can lead to a narrow antenna impedance bandwidth, which in turn affects the antenna's radiation efficiency and impedance matching.

[0010] 4. Frequency band compatibility: Due to space constraints, it is difficult to achieve good compatibility and radiation performance of multiple frequency bands in the same device.

[0011] In summary, while existing ultra-wideband antennas can cover multiple frequency bands, they still have shortcomings in miniaturization, low-profile design, and achieving ultra-wideband coverage, especially in performance optimization at low frequencies. This presents a clear demand for new technical solutions: to achieve high-performance ultra-wideband antennas within a limited space. Summary of the Invention

[0012] This application provides a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna to achieve ultra-wideband coverage within a limited space, providing good radiation performance and impedance matching in each frequency band. The low-profile ultra-wideband antenna includes a radiator, an antenna feed element, a stub antenna, and a parasitic antenna. The radiator is electrically connected to the ground plane for effective radiation in a first frequency band. The antenna feed element and the radiator partially overlap in projection along a direction perpendicular to the ground plane, and the overlapping portions are coupled to form a coupled feed structure. The antenna feed element supplies energy to the radiator and acts as a radiator in a second frequency band, providing impedance matching. The coupled feed structure performs coupled feeding, achieving impedance matching in the first frequency band and extending its impedance bandwidth. The stub antenna is disposed on the antenna feed element to provide radiation in a third frequency band and assists the parasitic antenna in radiation in a fourth frequency band. The parasitic antenna is disposed on the ground plane to provide radiation in a fifth frequency band. There are discontinuous frequency bands between the first and second frequency bands; the second, third, fourth and fifth frequency bands together cover a continuous frequency band from low to high frequency and are arranged in ascending order of frequency.

[0013] This application also provides a method for operating a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna to achieve ultra-wideband coverage within a limited space, providing good radiation performance and impedance matching in each frequency band. The method includes:

[0014] The radiator enables the antenna to effectively radiate in the first frequency band.

[0015] The antenna feed element supplies energy to the radiator and acts as a radiator in the second frequency band to provide impedance matching; the antenna feed element and the radiator partially overlap in projection along a direction perpendicular to the ground plane, and the overlapping portion of the projection is coupled to each other to form a coupled feed structure;

[0016] The coupled feeding structure performs coupled feeding to achieve impedance matching in the first frequency band and extend the impedance bandwidth of the first frequency band;

[0017] The stub antenna provides radiation in the third frequency band and assists the parasitic antenna in radiation in the fourth frequency band;

[0018] The parasitic antenna provides radiation in the fifth frequency band; there is a discontinuous frequency band between the first and second frequency bands; the second, third, fourth and fifth frequency bands together cover a continuous frequency band from low frequency to high frequency and are arranged in ascending order of frequency.

[0019] In this embodiment, the electric length of the antenna is increased by using a radiator and its special coupling feeding method, solving the size limitation problem and thus achieving better low-frequency performance within a limited space. By forming a coupled feeding structure between the antenna feed element and the radiator, bias-coupled feeding solves the bandwidth problem, especially providing better bandwidth in the low-frequency band and improving the VSWR in the low-frequency band, as well as the coupling and matching between different frequency bands. Adding stub antennas to the antenna feed element to cover additional frequency bands solves the frequency band compatibility problem, thereby extending the antenna's operating range without affecting the performance of the main frequency band. By setting parasitic antennas, the high-frequency band coverage range of the antenna is further extended. The low-profile ultra-wideband antenna provided in this application can achieve ultra-wideband coverage within a limited space and provides good radiation performance and impedance matching effects in each frequency band. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 is an example diagram of a conventional feed antenna provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0022] Figure 2 is an example diagram of low-frequency standing waves of a conventionally fed antenna in the prior art provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0023] Figure 3 is an example diagram of the coupling and feeding method of a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 4 is a comparison example of the standing wave ratio (SWR) of the conventional feeder provided in the embodiments of this application and the SWR of the feeder provided in this application;

[0025] Figure 5 is an example diagram of the stub structure of a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 6 is an example diagram of the standing wave of an antenna with a stub structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 7 is an example side view of a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 8 is an example diagram comparing the standing wave ratio (SWR) of the antenna provided in the embodiment of this application with that of the antenna without parasitic addition;

[0029] Figure 9 is a flowchart illustrating a method for operating a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna according to an embodiment of this application.

[0030] Figure 10 is an example diagram of the coupling and feeding method of a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna provided in the embodiments of this application at different angles;

[0031] Figure 11 is an example diagram of the coupling and feeding method of a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna provided in the embodiments of this application at different angles;

[0032] Figure 12A is an efficiency diagram of a low-profile ultrawideband antenna provided in an embodiment of this application in the first frequency band;

[0033] Figure 12B is an efficiency diagram of a low-profile ultrawideband antenna provided in an embodiment of this application in the second frequency band;

[0034] Figure 12C is an efficiency diagram of a low-profile ultrawideband antenna in the third frequency band provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 13 is an example diagram of the VSWR obtained by physical testing of a low-profile ultrawideband antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 14 is a structural example diagram of a low-profile ultrawideband antenna provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, the illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application, but are not intended to limit this application.

[0038] In this document, the term "and / or" merely describes a relationship, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Furthermore, the term "at least one" in this document means any combination of at least two of any one or more elements. For example, including at least one of A, B, and C can mean including any one or more elements selected from the set consisting of A, B, and C.

[0039] In the description of this specification, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," and "containing" are open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to. The terms "an embodiment," "a specific embodiment," "some embodiments," and "for example," etc., refer to specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example that are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, or characteristics described can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. The order of steps involved in the various embodiments is used to illustrate the implementation of this application, and the order of steps is not limited and can be adjusted appropriately as needed.

[0040] The acquisition, storage, use, and processing of data in this application comply with relevant national laws and regulations. The information collected in this application is authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties. Furthermore, the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, disclosure, and application of this data all comply with relevant national and regional laws, regulations, and standards, and necessary confidentiality measures have been taken. This application does not violate public order and good morals, and provides corresponding access points for users to choose to authorize or refuse. In addition, this application provides users with corresponding access points to choose to agree to or refuse automated decision-making results. If the user chooses to refuse, the process proceeds to the expert decision-making stage.

[0041] It should be noted that in the embodiments of this application, certain existing solutions in the industry, such as software, components, and models, may be mentioned. For example, some existing software tools, components, algorithm models, or solutions well-known in other technical fields may be cited. These should be considered exemplary, and their purpose is only to illustrate the feasibility of implementing the technical solution of this application. These mentions should be understood as typical examples, and their core purpose is to illustrate and verify the rationality and feasibility of implementing the technical solution proposed in this application. However, this does not mean that the applicant has already used or necessarily used the solution. Such citations do not imply that the applicant has actually adopted these existing solutions, or that it will necessarily adopt these methods in its technical implementation process in the future. In other words, these mentions are only illustrative in nature, helping to understand the connection and transcendence of the innovation points of this application with the prior art, and do not constitute an endorsement or reliance statement on a specific prior art product.

[0042] The following terms are used in the embodiments of this application and are explained below:

[0043] LTE: Long Term Evolution;

[0044] Wi-Fi: Wireless Local Area Network communication technology;

[0045] 2.4GHz band: 2.412GHz-2.484GHz;

[0046] 5GHz band: 5.15GHz-5.85GHz;

[0047] VSWR: Voltage Standing Wave Ratio;

[0048] Return loss: The ratio of the power of the incident wave to the power of the reflected wave, which can be converted into the voltage standing wave ratio.

[0049] Ultra-wideband antennas, capable of covering multiple frequency bands, can be used in various environments, such as LTE, Wi-Fi, GSM, CDMA, 4G low-frequency bands, MHB, and 5G low-frequency bands, to meet the needs of different customers. Existing ultra-wideband antenna technologies typically employ traditional feeding methods and a single radiator design, which presents several main problems:

[0050] 1. Size limitations: It is very difficult to implement ultra-wideband antennas in miniaturized devices, especially in the low-frequency band.

[0051] 2. Bandwidth issue: Existing technologies make it difficult to simultaneously extend low-frequency bandwidth and cover the entire ultra-wideband.

[0052] 3. Coupling and matching: Achieving good coupling and matching between different frequency bands within a limited space is a challenge.

[0053] 4. Performance degradation: In the low-frequency band, traditional feeding methods can lead to a narrow antenna impedance bandwidth, which in turn affects the antenna's radiation efficiency and impedance matching.

[0054] 5. Frequency band compatibility: Due to space constraints, it is difficult to achieve good compatibility and radiation performance of multiple frequency bands in the same device.

[0055] In summary, while existing ultra-wideband antennas can cover multiple frequency bands, they still have shortcomings in miniaturization, low-profile design, and achieving ultra-wideband coverage, especially in performance optimization at low frequencies. This presents a clear demand for new technical solutions: to achieve high-performance ultra-wideband antennas within a limited space.

[0056] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna to achieve ultra-wideband coverage within a limited space, providing good radiation performance and impedance matching across all frequency bands. Referring to Figure 14, which is a structural example diagram of a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna provided in this application, the low-profile ultra-wideband antenna may include a radiator 1, an antenna feed 2, a stub antenna 3, and a parasitic antenna 5.

[0057] The radiator 1 is electrically connected to the ground plane 6 to enable the antenna to effectively radiate in the first frequency band.

[0058] The antenna feed 2 and the radiator 1 partially overlap in projection along a direction perpendicular to the ground plane 6, and the overlapping portion of the projection is coupled to form a coupled feed structure 4; the antenna feed 2 is used to deliver energy to the radiator 1 and acts as a radiator in the second frequency band to provide impedance matching; the coupled feed structure 4 is used to perform coupled feeding, realize impedance matching in the first frequency band and extend the impedance bandwidth of the first frequency band.

[0059] The stub antenna 3 is mounted on the antenna feed body 2 to provide radiation in the third frequency band and to assist the parasitic antenna 5 in radiation in the fourth frequency band.

[0060] Parasitic antenna 5 is disposed on the ground plane for providing radiation in the fifth frequency band; wherein there is a discontinuous frequency band between the first and second frequency bands; the second, third, fourth and fifth frequency bands together cover a continuous frequency band from low frequency to high frequency and are arranged in ascending order of frequency.

[0061] The low-profile ultra-wideband antenna provided in this embodiment includes: a radiator 1 electrically connected to a ground plane 6 for effective radiation in a first frequency band; an antenna feed 2 partially projected onto the radiator 1 along a direction perpendicular to the ground plane 6, the overlapping portion of which is coupled to form a coupled feed structure 4; the antenna feed 2 is used to supply energy to the radiator 1 and acts as a radiator in a second frequency band to provide impedance matching; the coupled feed structure 4 is used to perform coupled feeding, achieving impedance matching in the first frequency band and extending the impedance bandwidth of the first frequency band; a stub antenna 3 disposed on the antenna feed 2 for providing radiation in a third frequency band and assisting the parasitic antenna 5 in radiation in a fourth frequency band; and a parasitic antenna 5 disposed on the ground plane for providing radiation in a fifth frequency band; wherein, there is a discontinuous frequency band between the first and second frequency bands; the second, third, fourth, and fifth frequency bands together cover a continuous frequency band from low to high frequency and are arranged in ascending order of frequency. In this embodiment, the electric length of the antenna is increased by using a radiator and its special coupling feeding method, solving the size limitation problem and thus achieving better low-frequency performance within a limited space. By forming a coupled feeding structure between the antenna feed element and the radiator, bias-coupled feeding solves the bandwidth problem, especially providing better bandwidth in the low-frequency band and improving the VSWR in the low-frequency band, as well as the coupling and matching between different frequency bands. Adding stub antennas to the antenna feed element to cover additional frequency bands solves the frequency band compatibility problem, thereby extending the antenna's operating range without affecting the performance of the main frequency band. By setting parasitic antennas, the high-frequency band coverage range of the antenna is further extended. The low-profile ultra-wideband antenna provided in this application can achieve ultra-wideband coverage within a limited space and provides good radiation performance and impedance matching effects in each frequency band.

[0062] In practice, radiator 1 is electrically connected to ground plane 6 to enable effective radiation of the antenna in the first frequency band.

[0063] In this embodiment, the radiator 1 is electrically connected to the ground plane 6. This connection is designed to ensure that the antenna can effectively radiate in the first frequency band. During antenna operation, the radiator 1 plays a crucial role, converting electrical energy into electromagnetic waves and radiating them into space in a specific manner to achieve signal transmission and reception. Through its electrical connection to the ground plane 6, the radiator 1 achieves stable electrical performance, thereby guaranteeing effective radiation performance in the first frequency band to meet the antenna's communication requirements in that band.

[0064] In one embodiment, the radiator 1 is L-shaped, square, rectangular, or U-shaped.

[0065] In one embodiment, the radiator 1 is configured to be L-shaped, square, rectangular, or U-shaped. The choice of these shapes is based on a comprehensive consideration of antenna performance. L-shaped, square, rectangular, and U-shaped radiators each have their own advantages in terms of electromagnetic radiation characteristics, impedance matching, and space utilization.

[0066] By employing these shapes, the radiation requirements of antennas in different frequency bands can be better met, improving antenna efficiency and performance stability. Specifically, L-shaped radiators can exhibit specific radiation modes in certain frequency bands, contributing to good directivity and gain; square and rectangular radiators are relatively simple in structure, easy to manufacture and integrate; and U-shaped radiators may play a unique role in increasing electrical length or improving impedance matching. In short, these shapes are chosen to optimize antenna performance to meet the needs of various application scenarios.

[0067] In specific implementation, the antenna feed body 2 and the radiator 1 partially overlap in projection along a direction perpendicular to the ground plane 6, and the overlapping portion of the projection is coupled to form a coupled feed structure 4; the antenna feed body 2 is used to deliver energy to the radiator 1 and act as a radiator in the second frequency band to provide impedance matching; the coupled feed structure 4 is used to perform coupled feeding, realize impedance matching in the first frequency band and extend the impedance bandwidth of the first frequency band.

[0068] In this embodiment, the antenna feed element 2 partially overlaps with the radiator 1 in a direction perpendicular to the ground plane 6. This design allows the antenna feed element 2 to effectively deliver energy to the radiator 1 to meet the energy requirements of the antenna system. Simultaneously, the antenna feed element 2 provides impedance matching in the second frequency band, ensuring efficient signal transmission and reception in this band and reducing signal reflection and energy loss. Furthermore, the coupling feed structure 4 is used for coupling feed, achieving impedance matching in the first frequency band, enabling stable antenna operation in this band and improving its performance.

[0069] In one embodiment, the coupled feeding structure is also used to assist in radiating a second frequency band through coupled feeding.

[0070] In one embodiment, the coupled feeding structure, in addition to achieving impedance matching and extending the impedance bandwidth of the first frequency band, also functions to assist in the radiation of the second frequency band through coupled feeding. This design aims to further optimize the antenna's radiation performance in the second frequency band, improving antenna efficiency and signal transmission quality. Through coupled feeding, the structure can effectively transfer energy to the radiator, enabling it to generate auxiliary radiation in the second frequency band, thereby enhancing the antenna's signal coverage and stability in that band. This functionality helps improve the overall performance of the antenna, allowing it to better meet various communication needs.

[0071] Figure 3 is an example diagram of a coupling feeding method for a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 3, in one embodiment, the antenna feed body 2 includes a first feed part 2-1 and a second feed part 2-2; one end of the first feed part 2-1 is connected to the inner conductor of the cable to form a feed point; the first feed part 2-1 is used to exchange energy with the parasitic antenna 5 through coupling, to provide a connection carrier for the stub antenna 3, and to provide energy to the stub antenna 3 through the feed point.

[0072] In one specific embodiment, the antenna feed element 2 is composed of a first feed section 2-1 and a second feed section 2-2. The first feed section 2-1 has a bent shape, with one end connected to the inner conductor of the cable, forming a feed point. This first feed section 2-1 has multiple functions in the antenna system.

[0073] In terms of energy transmission, the first feed section 2-1 serves as the sole feed point for the entire antenna system, establishing an electrical connection with the cable section. Under this architecture, the stub antenna 3 obtains energy from this feed point through its electrical connection with the first feed section, thus providing power for its operation. The parasitic antenna 5, on the other hand, exchanges energy through its coupling with the first feed section 2-1, thereby achieving energy input or output and constructing an ordered energy transmission path within the antenna system.

[0074] In terms of frequency band reception and radiation, the first feed section 2-1 and the second feed section 2-2 work together to undertake the reception or radiation task in the 1700MHz-2700MHz frequency band. The bent design of the first feed section 2-1 is not accidental; its main purpose is to save the size of the ultra-wideband antenna and achieve effective frequency band reception and radiation functions within a limited space. This is of great significance for meeting the requirements of antenna miniaturization design.

[0075] As the carrier of the stub antenna 3, the first feed section 2-1 provides the physical support and electrical connection basis for the stub antenna 3, ensuring that the stub antenna 3 can be stably integrated into the antenna system and perform its functions normally.

[0076] Regarding its relationship with the parasitic antenna 5, the first feed section 2-1 is coupled to the parasitic antenna 5, and the two exchange energy through this coupling. This energy exchange mechanism helps optimize the overall performance of the antenna system, enabling the antenna to utilize energy more effectively under different operating conditions and improving the antenna's performance in various frequency bands.

[0077] The second feed section 2-2 exists in the form of a planar part, which works together with the first feed section 2-1 to form a complete antenna feed body 2. It plays an indispensable role in the antenna's energy transmission, frequency band reception and radiation processes, ensuring that the antenna can operate stably under various operating conditions, achieve good radiation function in different frequency bands, and exhibit outstanding bandwidth performance under the requirements of low profile miniaturization design, while taking into account the performance of the antenna working independently and working on the ground plane.

[0078] In one embodiment, the second feed section 2-2 is located directly below the radiator 1, and the antenna voltage standing wave ratio is optimized by adjusting the coupling degree through displacement along a direction perpendicular to the ground plane 6 and by optimizing the area of ​​the coupled feed structure 4.

[0079] In one specific embodiment, the second feed section 2-2 has a specific location layout and functional characteristics. The second feed section 2-2 is partially located directly below the radiator 1. Regarding coupling adjustment, displacement along a direction perpendicular to the ground plane 6 can change the relative positional relationship between the second feed section 2-2 and other related components, thereby affecting the coupling. Simultaneously, optimizing the area of ​​the coupling feed structure 4 is also a key means of adjusting the coupling. By reasonably adjusting the size of this area, the electromagnetic field distribution inside the coupling feed structure 4 can be precisely controlled, thereby changing the energy coupling between different parts of the antenna and ultimately optimizing the antenna voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR).

[0080] In one embodiment, the second feed portion 2-2 in the antenna feed body 2 is rectangular, trapezoidal (wider at the top and narrower at the bottom), or semi-circular.

[0081] In one embodiment, the second feed portion 2-2 of the antenna feed element 2 exhibits diverse shape characteristics. Its shape can be designed as rectangular, which provides structural stability within the antenna system. During energy transmission, the rectangular structure facilitates the formation of a more regular current path, thereby stably providing energy support to various parts of the antenna and helping to maintain the consistency of the overall antenna performance. Simultaneously, its regular shape also facilitates layout and connection with other components in the antenna system, making the antenna structure more compact and rational, achieving efficient energy transmission and signal radiation within a limited space.

[0082] The second feed section 2-2 can also be trapezoidal, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The trapezoidal shape gives the antenna system unique electromagnetic characteristics. When interacting with other antenna components, the hypotenuse and the varying widths of the top and bottom sides of the trapezoid can alter the distribution of the electromagnetic field, thus affecting the antenna's coupling effect. By adjusting the trapezoid's shape parameters, such as the length ratio of the top and bottom bases and the tilt angle of the hypotenuse, the antenna's performance in different frequency bands can be optimized. For example, within a specific frequency band, the trapezoidal shape can enhance energy coupling with components such as radiators and parasitic antennas, improving the antenna's radiation efficiency and bandwidth performance in that band, making it better suited to complex operating environments and diverse frequency band requirements.

[0083] Furthermore, a semi-circular shape is also a feasible shape for the second feed section 2-2. The geometric characteristics of a semi-circle give it unique electromagnetic behavior in the antenna system. During energy transmission and coupling, the semi-circular curved structure can guide the distribution of the electromagnetic field, forming a unique interaction with other components. This shape helps achieve better impedance matching in certain frequency bands, reducing signal reflection and thus improving the overall performance of the antenna. For example, when the antenna operates in a specific frequency band, the semi-circular second feed section 2-2 can better cooperate with the surrounding electromagnetic field, optimizing the antenna's voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), enhancing the antenna's radiation effect in that frequency band, and thus improving the antenna's performance stability throughout the entire ultra-wideband (e.g., 618MHz-5000MHz). This allows it to meet the performance requirements of ultra-wideband antennas in different operating scenarios (whether in small-floor or large-floor environments), achieving wideband operation in the low-frequency band and effective operation throughout the entire ultra-wideband antenna.

[0084] In summary, the different shape designs of the second feed section 2-2 provide the antenna with a variety of options in terms of performance optimization, space utilization, and frequency band adaptation, enabling it to better adapt to complex and ever-changing usage requirements and improve the overall performance and applicability of the antenna.

[0085] In one embodiment, the antenna design of this application uses only one feed point. By using only one feed point, the amount of cable used is effectively reduced. In the antenna system, the reduction of cables not only simplifies the structural layout and reduces costs, but also reduces the weight of the antenna to a certain extent, which is beneficial for the installation and use of the antenna in different application scenarios.

[0086] This feed point becomes a crucial hub for energy transmission in the antenna system. In terms of energy input, external energy is transmitted to the antenna system through this feed point. During energy output, the energy received and converted by the antenna is also transmitted outwards via this feed point, enabling interaction with external devices.

[0087] Specifically, the transmission of coupled energy is closely related to the feed point. The antenna feed 2 and radiator 1 achieve coupled energy transmission through a coupled feed structure. Both the input and output of this coupled energy depend on the unique feed point. For example, during operation in the first frequency band, the coupled feed structure 4 obtains energy through the feed point, achieving energy coupling with radiator 1, thereby expanding the impedance bandwidth of that frequency band and ensuring good radiation performance of the antenna in that band.

[0088] The energy of stub antenna 3 is also input and output through this feed point. Stub antenna 3 provides radiation in the third frequency band and assists the parasitic antenna in radiation in the fourth frequency band. The energy required for its operation is provided by the feed point. At the same time, the energy generated by stub antenna 3 during radiation can also be fed back or transmitted to other related components through the feed point. Parasitic antenna 5 obtains energy from the feed point through its coupling relationship with the antenna feed body, thereby achieving effective radiation in the fifth frequency band. At the same time, the energy generated during its radiation can also be transferred through the feed point.

[0089] In summary, this single feed point enables the centralized input and output of multiple energy sources in the antenna system, optimizes the antenna's energy transmission mechanism, improves the overall performance and efficiency of the antenna system, and ensures that the antenna can operate stably and efficiently in all frequency bands, achieving ultra-wideband coverage.

[0090] In a specific implementation, the stub antenna 3 is mounted on the antenna feed body 2 to provide radiation in the third frequency band and to assist the parasitic antenna 5 in radiation in the fourth frequency band.

[0091] In this embodiment, the carrier of the stub antenna 3 is the first feed section 2-1. In the antenna's operating mechanism, the stub antenna 3 plays a crucial role, providing radiation in the third frequency band to enable signal transmission and reception in that band. Simultaneously, the stub antenna 3 also assists in radiation in the fourth frequency band, enhancing the antenna's radiation performance in that band, thereby expanding the antenna's operating frequency range and improving its overall communication capability. Through this design, the stub antenna 3 and the antenna feed section 2 work together to achieve effective radiation in multiple frequency bands, meeting the performance requirements of different communication scenarios.

[0092] In one embodiment, the stub antenna 3 is also used to primarily radiate the third frequency band and supplementarily radiate the fourth frequency band.

[0093] In one embodiment, the stub antenna 3 further functions as an auxiliary radiator for the fourth frequency band. This auxiliary radiation enhances the antenna's signal transmission capability in the fourth frequency band, improving its performance and thus better meeting the communication system's requirements for that band.

[0094] In one embodiment, the length direction of the stub antenna 3 is parallel to the ground plane 6 or at a predetermined angle.

[0095] In one specific embodiment, the stub antenna 3 has a specific positional relationship with the ground plane 6. The length direction of the stub antenna 3 and the ground plane 6 have two possible states. First, the length direction of the stub antenna 3 is parallel to the ground plane 6. In this state, the stub antenna 3 exists in a relatively stable posture within the antenna system. Its parallel relationship with the ground plane 6 results in a certain regularity in the distribution of the electromagnetic field around the stub antenna 3 during antenna operation. This regularity helps the stub antenna 3 to more effectively transmit energy and interact with other components such as the antenna feed 2. For example, in terms of energy transmission, the parallel positional relationship facilitates the stable flow of current in the stub antenna 3, thereby ensuring that the stub antenna 3 can stably receive the energy supply from the antenna feed 2 and convert it into an effective radiated signal. Simultaneously, in terms of signal radiation, the stub antenna 3, parallel to the ground plane 6, can form a relatively uniform radiation field within a specific frequency band, improving the antenna's radiation performance in that frequency band.

[0096] Secondly, the length direction of the stub antenna 3 forms a preset angle with the ground plane 6. This preset angle alters the electromagnetic characteristics of the stub antenna 3 within the antenna system. By adjusting the angle between the stub antenna 3 and the ground plane 6, the antenna's performance in different frequency bands can be optimized. When the stub antenna 3 forms a preset angle with the ground plane 6, the distribution of the electromagnetic field around the stub antenna 3 becomes more complex and diverse. This complex electromagnetic field distribution can generate new coupling effects with other components in the antenna system (such as the antenna feed 2 and the parasitic antenna 5). For example, in certain frequency bands, adjusting the preset angle can enhance the coupling between the stub antenna 3 and the parasitic antenna 5, thereby improving the antenna's resonance effect in that frequency band and enhancing its bandwidth performance. Simultaneously, the preset angle setting provides greater flexibility in the antenna's spatial layout, allowing for better integration with other antennas or devices within a limited space, meeting complex design requirements, achieving good antenna performance in different frequency bands, while also ensuring compatibility across the entire frequency band, and improving the antenna's applicability and stability in various operating scenarios.

[0097] In another embodiment, the longitudinal direction of the stub antenna 3 is parallel to or at a predetermined angle to the ground plane 6. This specific positional relationship helps optimize the radiation characteristics of the stub antenna 3, enabling it to work more effectively with other components and improving the overall efficiency and performance stability of the antenna. Whether arranged parallel or at an angle, the aim is to achieve optimal radiation performance of the antenna in different frequency bands.

[0098] In one embodiment, the length and height of the stub antenna 3 can be calculated using the following formula:

[0099] Where l is the length of the stub antenna, in mm; h is the height of the stub antenna's vertical center from the ground plane, in mm; ε r is the relative permittivity, which has no unit; f is the center frequency, which is in GHz.

[0100] Determining the dimensions of stub antenna 3 is quite complex, requiring consideration not only of the antenna length but also the stub antenna's own height. There is an interrelationship between antenna length and height, and in practical design, simulation can be used to optimize the antenna based on its specific characteristics. Antenna length and height can be calculated using specific formulas. By appropriately applying these formulas and through simulation optimization, stub antenna 3 can better function within the antenna system, working collaboratively with other components (such as the feed element and parasitic antennas) to ensure good antenna performance across the overall frequency band.

[0101] In specific implementation, the parasitic antenna 5 is set on the ground plane to provide radiation in the fifth frequency band; wherein, there is a discontinuous frequency band between the first and second frequency bands; the second, third, fourth and fifth frequency bands together cover a continuous frequency band from low frequency to high frequency, and are arranged in ascending order of frequency.

[0102] In this embodiment, the parasitic antenna 5 is disposed above the ground plane, and its main function is to provide radiation in the fifth frequency band. In this antenna design, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth frequency bands cooperate to cover a continuous frequency band from low to high frequencies, and these frequency bands are arranged in ascending order of frequency. This frequency band layout and coverage method enables the antenna to achieve effective signal transmission and reception over a wide frequency range, meeting the frequency band requirements of different application scenarios. By carefully designing and adjusting the parameters of each frequency band, the antenna maintains good performance throughout the entire frequency range, improving its versatility and adaptability.

[0103] In one specific embodiment, the first frequency band, the second frequency band, the third frequency band, the fourth frequency band, and the fifth frequency band are illustrated by the following examples:

[0104] The first frequency band is 618MHz-1150MHz (for example, to achieve effective radiation of the antenna in the low frequency band, such as by connecting the radiator to the ground plane and by coupling the feed to meet the radiation requirements of this frequency band).

[0105] The second frequency band is 1700MHz-2700MHz (for example, the antenna feed provides impedance matching in this frequency band, while the coupled feed structure assists in radiating this frequency band through the coupled feed).

[0106] The third frequency band is 2700MHz-3800MHz (for example, a stub antenna is placed on the antenna feed and mainly provides radiation in this frequency band).

[0107] The fourth frequency band is 3800MHz-4400MHz (for example, stub antennas can assist in radiating this frequency band, while parasitic antennas can also assist in radiating this frequency band).

[0108] The fifth frequency band is 4400MHz-5000MHz (for example, a parasitic antenna is placed on the ground plane to provide radiation in this frequency band).

[0109] In one embodiment, the parasitic antenna 5 is also used to primarily radiate the fifth frequency band and supplementarily radiate the fourth frequency band.

[0110] In one embodiment, the parasitic antenna 5 further functions as an auxiliary radiator in the fourth frequency band. This auxiliary radiation function enhances the antenna's radiation performance in the fourth frequency band, improving its signal transmission capability and enabling the antenna to better meet the needs of the communication system in that band.

[0111] In one embodiment, the height of the parasitic antenna 5 is calculated based on the wavelength of the center frequency of the fifth frequency band.

[0112] Specifically, the height of the parasitic antenna 5 can be calculated using the following formula:

[0113] Where l is the height of the parasitic antenna 5 in mm; f is the center frequency of the corresponding frequency band in GHz.

[0114] In the above embodiment, the height of the parasitic antenna 5 is calculated based on the wavelength of the center frequency of the fifth frequency band. This calculation method is based on electromagnetic principles, and the wavelength of the center frequency of the frequency band is closely related to the good performance of the parasitic antenna 5 in that frequency band. By calculating the height based on the wavelength, the parasitic antenna 5 can better interact with the electromagnetic waves of the fifth frequency band, thereby optimizing its resonance characteristics in that frequency band and improving the overall radiation performance of the antenna in that frequency band and throughout the entire operating frequency band.

[0115] In another embodiment, the height of the parasitic antenna 5 must also take into full account the effect of ground reflection. As a conductor, the ground reflects the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna, creating a ground reflection effect. This effect significantly alters the electromagnetic field distribution around the antenna, thus having a significant impact on the performance of the parasitic antenna 5. Therefore, the effect of ground reflection must be taken into consideration when determining the height of the parasitic antenna 5.

[0116] In practice, determining antenna dimensions involves two important steps: calculation and optimization. First, theoretical calculations are performed, where the antenna length *l* is defined as the antenna height, measured in millimeters (mm), and is one of the key parameters describing the antenna's physical dimensions. *f* represents the center frequency of the corresponding frequency band, measured in gigahertz (GHz). Different center frequencies correspond to different electromagnetic characteristics and operational requirements.

[0117] However, simulation software can simulate the performance of antennas under various real-world operating environments. By establishing accurate electromagnetic models, it can simulate the propagation, reflection, and coupling of electromagnetic waves within the antenna system. During the simulation, the performance indicators of parasitic antennas 5 at different heights, considering the influence of ground reflection, such as radiation pattern, gain, bandwidth, and impedance matching, can be analyzed in detail. Through the analysis and comparison of a large amount of simulation data, the optimal height for parasitic antenna 5 can be determined, ensuring that the antenna can operate stably and efficiently in complex real-world application scenarios. This meets the performance requirements of ultra-wideband antennas in different operating environments (such as small floor and large floor environments), achieving wideband operation in the low-frequency band and effective operation across the entire ultra-wideband antenna.

[0118] In a specific implementation, the low-profile ultra-wideband antenna further includes a grounding part 7, which connects the radiator 1 to the ground plane 6, so that the radiator 1 can be electrically connected to the ground plane 6.

[0119] In this embodiment, the low-profile ultra-wideband antenna further includes a grounding portion 7, which serves the crucial function of connecting the radiator 1 to the ground plane 6. This connection allows the radiator 1 to achieve an effective electrical connection with the ground plane 6. The presence of the grounding portion 7 ensures that current can smoothly flow back to the ground plane 6, thereby effectively reducing the antenna size and optimizing its electrical performance. This design helps improve the antenna's radiation efficiency and signal transmission stability, enabling it to function better in the ultra-wideband range.

[0120] In specific implementation, the low-profile ultra-wideband antenna further includes:

[0121] The first support part 8, the second support part 9, the third support part 10, the fourth support part 11, and the fifth support part 14 are used together to support and fix the antenna feed body 2, the stub antenna 3, and the radiator 1.

[0122] In one embodiment, there are a first support portion, a second support portion, a third support portion, a fourth support portion, and a fifth support portion. These support portions work together to support and fix the antenna feed element, stub antenna, and radiator, ensuring the relative positional stability of the antenna components, thereby guaranteeing the normal operation performance and signal transmission stability of the antenna. During antenna operation, these support portions perform important mechanical support functions, enabling the antenna to maintain its structural integrity and stability under various environmental conditions, effectively improving the antenna's reliability and durability.

[0123] In a specific implementation, the low-profile ultra-wideband antenna also includes a cable portion, which includes a cable plastic sheath, an inner conductor, a dielectric layer, an outer conductor, and a shielding layer, wherein the inner conductor is electrically connected to the antenna feed body 2.

[0124] In this embodiment, the low-profile ultra-wideband antenna further includes a cable portion, which consists of a cable plastic sheath, an inner conductor, a dielectric layer, an outer conductor, and a shielding layer. The cable plastic sheath protects the inner conductor and dielectric layer. The inner conductor transmits electrical signals and is connected to the first feed portion 2-1 of the antenna feed body 2 to achieve power transmission and signal feeding. The dielectric layer fills the outside of the inner conductor, separating it from the outer conductor, providing insulation and support, and also helping to ensure signal transmission quality. The outer conductor acts as a shielding layer, effectively shielding against external signal interference, ensuring stable internal signal transmission, and is soldered to the antenna ground portion for good grounding.

[0125] The following is a specific embodiment to illustrate the specific application of the low-profile ultra-wideband antenna provided in this application. The application requirement in this embodiment is to design an ultra-wideband antenna for a small floor environment (which also has the use of a large floor environment). The main work is to achieve wide bandwidth in the low frequency band and the ultra-wide frequency band of the entire antenna. After balancing size and usage environment, coupling feeding technology is used to effectively broaden the bandwidth of the low frequency band, and parasitic elements are used to extend several other frequency bands.

[0126] This embodiment requires designing an antenna within a space of 130mm in length, 93mm in width, and 30mm in height. This space also needs to accommodate other antennas, including the thickness of the radome and floor. The actual usable space is 125mm in length, 90mm in width, and 26mm in height, as shown in Figure 14. Therefore, only one side of the entire range can be used for design. The antenna must be compatible with an ultra-wideband range of 618MHz to 5000MHz, especially the low-frequency range of 618MHz-960MHz, which presents significant challenges for the design within the space, while also ensuring compatibility across the entire frequency band.

[0127] Figure 10 is an example diagram of the coupling feed method of a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna provided in an embodiment of this application at different angles; Figure 11 is an example diagram of the coupling feed method of a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna provided in an embodiment of this application at different angles; as mentioned above, Figures 10 to 11 respectively show schematic diagrams of the low-profile ultra-wideband antenna in this specific embodiment at different angles. In the efficiency graphs shown in Figures 12A, 12B, and 12C, the horizontal axis represents frequency, and the vertical axis represents efficiency.

[0128] I. This embodiment specifically presents a design concept for a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna, as shown below:

[0129] The first step involves grounding radiator 1 and using a ground mirror to shorten the antenna size. The antenna's electrical length is maximized by fully utilizing space. As shown in Figure 1, which is an example of a conventionally fed antenna according to an embodiment of this application, the feed point to the end of radiator 1 undergoes two bends, effectively increasing the current path through radiator 1, thereby increasing the electrical length and enabling the antenna to resonate in the low-frequency band. The antenna utilizes space in the XYZ directions and, through conventional feeding, calculations and software simulations show that the antenna has high radiation efficiency at low frequencies, but its VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio, also known as VSWR and SWR) is relatively poor.

[0130] The second step is illustrated in Figure 2, which shows an example of the low-frequency standing wave (VSWR) of a conventionally fed antenna provided in this application embodiment. As shown in Figure 2, after antenna simulation, the antenna can radiate at low frequencies of 618-1150MHz, but the matching is poor, resulting in an excessively high reflection coefficient between the antenna and the system, affecting the antenna VSWR (even exceeding 10) and efficiency. This excessive reflection coefficient also causes excessive useless load on the system. Therefore, a new coupled feeding structure needs to be designed to achieve this. This design not only completes the low-frequency feeding but also significantly increases the bandwidth and makes the antenna VSWR below 3 in the low-frequency range, increasing the energy efficiency of the fed antenna from 30% to 75%. As shown in Figure 12A, which is an efficiency diagram of a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna in the first frequency band provided in this application embodiment, combined with the antenna's own radiation efficiency and cable attenuation, the total antenna efficiency can ultimately reach 34%-70%, enabling impedance matching of the antenna in the low-frequency band and providing impedance matching for the antenna in the 1700MHz-2700MHz range, allowing the antenna to also have good radiation performance in this frequency band.

[0131] Figure 3 is an example diagram of the coupling and feeding method of a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna provided in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 3, a portion of the second feeding part 2-2 of the antenna feed body 2, which is parallel to the ground plane, is located directly below the low-frequency radiator (i.e., a radiator 1). This arrangement is used to couple and deliver energy to the low-frequency radiating plate. By displacing the antenna feed body in a direction parallel or perpendicular to the ground plane, the coupling degree and the low-frequency VSWR can be adjusted. This antenna feed body 2 also takes into account the radiation in the 1700MHz-2700MHz frequency band.

[0132] As shown in Figure 4, this figure compares the VSWR of a conventional feed with that of the feed provided in this application. This application reduces the VSWR from above 5 to below 3. If only the reflection coefficient at the input port is considered, the energy efficiency of the feed antenna increases from 45% to 75%, a very significant effect. Figure 12B shows the efficiency of a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna in the second frequency band provided in this application. Combining the antenna's own radiation efficiency and cable attenuation, the overall efficiency of the antenna in this application can ultimately reach 56%-67%.

[0133] Thirdly, according to requirements, the antenna needs to resonate in the range of 3300MHz to 5000MHz. This application utilizes space on the antenna feed body 2 to create a stub antenna 3, as shown in Figure 5. Figure 5 is an example diagram of a stub structure for a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna provided in this embodiment. A radiator is led out at a distance of approximately one-quarter wavelength from the ground as the stub antenna 3, with its length controlled between 13mm and 20mm. Calculations and simulations show that the stub achieves resonance in the 3200MHz to 4400MHz band with minimal impact on the 2700MHz frequency band, and VSWR < 2. This can be verified from the simulation software. After calculating that the antenna radiation efficiency was not problematic, the VSWR was also within the acceptable range. The actual antenna also had a relatively good radiation and matching effect in this frequency band, as shown in Figure 6. Figure 6 is an example diagram of the standing wave of an antenna with a stub structure provided in the embodiment of this application. It reduces the VSWR of the antenna in the frequency range of 3200MHz to 4400MHz from 4 to 2, and increases the input efficiency of the port section from 64% to 90%. Combined with the radiation efficiency of the antenna itself and the attenuation of the cable, the total efficiency of the antenna can finally reach 51%-56%, as shown in Figure 12C. Figure 12C is an efficiency diagram of a low profile ultra-wideband antenna in the third frequency band provided in the embodiment of this application.

[0134] Fourthly, the previous step relied on a stub antenna, which, due to its narrow-band radiation characteristics, could only achieve a relatively narrow frequency band of 3200MHz-4400MHz. From 4100MHz to 5100MHz, the antenna's VSWR was at most 4.5, resulting in an input efficiency of only 56%. Therefore, a parasitic antenna 5 was further designed, as shown in Figure 7. Figure 7 is an example side view of a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna provided in an embodiment of this application. The parasitic antenna 5 is located approximately one-quarter of the preset wavelength from the antenna feed element 2. Antenna 5 is an adjustable antenna with impedance in this frequency band, which improves the standing wave ratio (VSWR) in this frequency band, reducing the VSWR from 4.5 to below 2. This increases the antenna's input efficiency from 59% to 90%. Combined with the antenna's own radiation efficiency and the cable attenuation (which is greater than the attenuation of 1700MHz-3100MHz cables at 5GHz), the antenna's total efficiency can ultimately reach 47%-51%, as shown in Figure 12C. Figure 12C is an efficiency diagram of a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna in the third frequency band provided in the embodiment of this application.

[0135] Figure 8 is an example diagram comparing the VSWR of the antenna provided in the embodiment of this application with that of the antenna without parasitic VSWR. As shown in Figure 8, the VSWR is <3 in the range of 618MHz-1150MHz; and <2 in the range of 1700MHz-5000MHz. As shown in Figure 13, Figure 13 is an example diagram of the VSWR obtained by physical testing of a low profile ultra-wideband antenna provided in the embodiment of this application.

[0136] II. This embodiment specifically provides the structure of a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna, as shown below:

[0137] By electrically connecting to the ground plane 6, radiator 1 effectively reduces the antenna size in the low-frequency band. It is supported by the second support part 9, the third support part 10, and the fifth support part 14. Radiator 1 exhibits good radiation performance in the 618MHz-1150MHz frequency band, effectively converting electrical energy into electromagnetic waves for radiation into space, thus enabling signal transmission and reception in this band. Simultaneously, radiator 1 also provides auxiliary radiation in the 1700MHz frequency band through coupling, extending the antenna's radiation performance in the high-frequency band and enabling better frequency band integration and coordinated operation between the low-frequency band and part of the high-frequency band.

[0138] The antenna feed element 2 is supported by the first support part 8 and the fourth support part 11 to ensure its stable position in the antenna system. The antenna feed element 2 securely fixes the stub antenna 3 together with solder joints, forming a unified whole. As the signal transmission hub of the entire antenna, the antenna feed element 2 plays a crucial role in the 1700MHz-2700MHz frequency band, assisting in the radiation of signals in this band into the air. It can receive energy from the feed point and effectively transmit it to the radiator 1 and stub antenna 3, ensuring sufficient energy supply for each component and maintaining the normal operation of the antenna system.

[0139] The stub antenna 3 is connected to the first feed section 2-1 of the antenna feed body 2 to obtain the energy required for operation. In the 2700MHz-3800MHz frequency band, the stub antenna 3 mainly undertakes the radiation task, converting the received electrical energy into electromagnetic waves for radiation, thereby realizing signal transmission in this frequency band. In addition, the stub antenna 3 also plays an auxiliary radiation role in the 3800MHz-4400MHz frequency band, working in conjunction with components such as the parasitic antenna 5 to enhance the antenna's radiation performance in this frequency band, improve signal coverage and transmission quality, and make the antenna's operation in the mid-to-high frequency band more stable and efficient.

[0140] In a top view, the antenna feed element overlaps only partially with the radiator 1 to form a coupled feed structure 4. This unique structural design makes it crucial for antenna operation. In the 1700MHz-2700MHz frequency band, the coupled feed structure 4 is responsible for radiating signals, especially when the antenna operates in this band, primarily radiating in the edge region far from low-frequency radiation, thus optimizing the antenna's radiation pattern and performance in this band. Simultaneously, through its coupled feeding with the radiator 1, the coupled feed structure 4 significantly enhances the antenna's radiation capability in the 618MHz-1150MHz frequency band, making the antenna's radiation more stable and efficient in this low-frequency band. In low-profile miniaturized antenna designs, the coupled feed structure 4 can adapt to a wide frequency range and balances the performance of the antenna operating independently and on a large ground plane, ensuring good operating conditions for the antenna in various usage environments.

[0141] Parasitic antenna 5 is only connected to the ground plane 6. Since antenna feed 2 and stub antenna 3 cannot radiate signals in the 4400MHz-5000MHz frequency band, parasitic antenna 5 plays a role in supplementing the frequency band performance. Parasitic antenna 5 obtains energy through coupling with antenna feed 2, thereby enabling it to radiate energy in the 4400MHz-5000MHz frequency band and achieve signal transmission in this band. Furthermore, parasitic antenna 5 also plays an auxiliary radiation role in the 3800MHz-4400MHz frequency band. Working together with components such as stub antenna 3, it further expands the antenna's radiation range in the high-frequency band, improves the antenna's performance throughout the entire high-frequency band, and enables the antenna to achieve wider ultra-wideband coverage, meeting the needs of different communication scenarios for high-frequency signal transmission.

[0142] Grounding part 7 connects radiator 1 to ground plane 6, ensuring a stable electrical connection between radiator 1 and ground plane 6. During antenna operation, energy can flow smoothly back to ground plane 6. This characteristic plays a crucial role in optimizing the antenna's electrical performance, effectively reducing antenna size, and thus improving radiation efficiency and signal transmission stability, enabling the antenna to function better over an ultra-wideband range. For example, in practical applications, a well-connected grounding part 7 helps reduce electromagnetic interference within the antenna, improving its signal reception and transmission capabilities.

[0143] The first support part 8 and the fourth support part 11 cooperate to support and fix the antenna feed 2 and the stub antenna 3. During antenna operation, this support and fixation ensures the relative position stability of the antenna feed 2 and the stub antenna 3, thereby guaranteeing the normal operation performance and signal transmission stability of the antenna. For example, when the antenna is subjected to external vibration or interference, the first support part 8 and the fourth support part 11 can prevent the antenna feed 2 and the stub antenna 3 from shifting, maintaining the normal operation of the antenna system.

[0144] The second support part 9 works in conjunction with the third support part 10 and the fifth support part 14 to support and fix the radiator 1 and the grounding part 7. They provide stable support for the radiator 1, enabling it to maintain a stable state during operation, while ensuring reliable connection between the grounding part 7 and the radiator 1, which is beneficial to the antenna's performance in the low-frequency band. For example, during low-frequency signal radiation, the second support part 9, the third support part 10, and the fifth support part 14 can ensure the structural integrity of the radiator 1, enabling it to effectively radiate electromagnetic signals.

[0145] The third support portion 10, together with the second support portion 9 and the fifth support portion 14, supports and fixes the radiator 1 and the grounding portion 7. This helps maintain the positional stability of the radiator 1 and ensures a good connection between it and the grounding portion 7, thereby ensuring the radiation performance of the antenna and the stability of the electrical connection in various frequency bands. For example, when the antenna operates in different frequency bands, the cooperation between the third support portion 10 and the other support portions enables the radiator 1 to adapt to different operating conditions and achieve stable signal transmission.

[0146] The fourth support part 11, together with the first support part 8, completes the task of supporting and fixing the antenna feed 2 and the stub antenna 3. Their combined action ensures the accurate positioning of the antenna feed 2 and the stub antenna 3 within the antenna system, providing reliable protection for the antenna's energy transmission and signal radiation. For example, when the stub antenna 3 is radiating signals, the fourth support part 11 and the first support part 8 ensure that its radiation direction and performance are not affected.

[0147] The fifth support part 14, together with the second support part 9 and the third support part 10, supports and fixes the radiator 1 and the grounding part 7. Together, they maintain the structural stability of the radiator 1 and the grounding part 7, enabling the antenna to maintain good electrical performance and mechanical stability during operation. For example, during antenna installation and use, the fifth support part 14, together with the other support parts, prevents the radiator 1 and the grounding part 7 from being damaged or deformed.

[0148] Cable 12 consists of multiple parts. Its plastic outer sheath is fixed to the ground plane 6 by cable limiter 13, ensuring the cable remains stable within a specific range. The inner conductor of the cable connects to the first feed section to form a feed point, which is a critical node for antenna energy transmission, responsible for transmitting electrical energy to the antenna system. A dielectric layer fills the outside of the inner conductor, separating it from the outer conductor, providing both insulation and support for the cable structure, ensuring signal transmission quality. The outer conductor acts as a shielding layer, effectively shielding against external signal interference, ensuring stable internal signal transmission. Furthermore, the outer conductor is welded to the antenna ground section, achieving good grounding and further improving the antenna system's anti-interference capability. Cable limiter 13 limits the cable's movement, preventing excessive displacement or shaking during use and ensuring the stability of the antenna system. For example, in complex electromagnetic environments, these structural features of cable 12 ensure that the antenna receives clear and stable signals, improving the antenna's operational reliability.

[0149] Of course, it is understood that there may be other variations of the above detailed process, and all such variations should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0150] III. This embodiment specifically provides a scheme for achieving radiation in the first frequency band, the second frequency band, the third frequency band, the fourth frequency band, and the fifth frequency band, as shown below:

[0151] First frequency band (618MHz-1150MHz) radiation scheme

[0152] Radiator Design: Radiator 1 is electrically connected to ground plane 6, cleverly utilizing the grounding principle of the radiator and the mirroring principle of the ground plane to effectively shorten the antenna size. Simultaneously, it fully exploits spatial potential, maximizing the electrical length of the antenna at low frequencies, resulting in higher radiation efficiency at low frequencies. For example, through careful planning of the antenna layout, the antenna fully utilizes space in the XYZ directions, achieving efficient radiation under traditional feeding methods.

[0153] Coupled Feed Design: Radiator 1 and antenna feed 2 form a coupled feed structure 4, constructing a coupled feed mode. From a top-down view, antenna feed 2 and radiator 1 only partially overlap in area to form the coupled feed structure 4, achieving energy coupling through this overlapping region. This design not only achieves good radiation performance in the 618MHz-1150MHz frequency band but also significantly increases the antenna bandwidth, improves low-frequency electrical length, and also facilitates radiation in other frequency bands, such as auxiliary radiation in the 1700MHz band, enabling a smooth transition and coordinated operation between the low-frequency band and part of the high-frequency band.

[0154] Second frequency band (1700MHz-2700MHz) radiation scheme

[0155] Antenna feed design: The antenna feed 2 and the radiator 1 partially overlap in projection along a direction perpendicular to the ground plane 6. The antenna feed 2 is only partially located directly below the radiator 1, used for coupling and delivering energy to the low-frequency range. By adjusting the displacement in a direction parallel or perpendicular to the ground plane, the coupling degree can be precisely controlled, thereby adjusting the antenna's low-frequency VSWR to achieve good impedance matching in the low-frequency range, for example, reducing the VSWR to below 3.

[0156] Radiation Function Design: Antenna feed element 2 not only performs the low-frequency feeding task but also radiates in the 1700MHz-2700MHz frequency band. Simulation results show that the antenna has high radiation efficiency in this frequency band, and the standing wave ratio clearly shows good matching, thus ensuring that the antenna can stably and efficiently radiate signals in this frequency band to meet communication requirements.

[0157] The third frequency band (2700MHz-3800MHz) radiation scheme: The stub antenna 3 is mounted on the antenna feed body 2 and is crucial for radiation in this frequency band. For example, the stub antenna 3 is carefully designed on the feed body 2 of the feed sheet antenna. Through precise calculation and simulation optimization, it is ensured that the stub achieves effective radiation in the 2700MHz-3800MHz frequency band with minimal impact on the 2700MHz frequency band, efficiently converting electrical energy into electromagnetic waves to complete the signal transmission task in this frequency band.

[0158] The fourth frequency band (3800MHz-4400MHz) radiation scheme: Stub antenna 3 plays an auxiliary radiation role in this band, working in conjunction with other components to enhance the antenna's radiation performance in the 3800MHz-4400MHz band. Simultaneously, parasitic antenna 5 may also participate in auxiliary radiation. Together, they improve the antenna's signal coverage and transmission capability in this band, ensuring stable and reliable signal transmission and meeting the communication system's requirements for this frequency band.

[0159] The fifth frequency band (4400MHz-5000MHz) radiation scheme: The parasitic antenna 5, positioned on the ground plane, is the core component for radiation in this band. To achieve effective radiation in this band, the dimensions of the parasitic antenna 5 are designed to match the band's characteristics. For example, the dimensions of the parasitic antenna 5 are set to have a predetermined proportional relationship with the wavelength of the center frequency of this band, enabling it to achieve good radiation performance in the 4400MHz-5000MHz band, effectively converting energy into electromagnetic waves for outward radiation, thus achieving signal transmission and coverage in this band.

[0160] Through the synergistic effect of the above-mentioned radiation schemes in various frequency bands, the stub antenna 3 and the parasitic antenna 5 work together to achieve effective radiation in the third, fourth and fifth frequency bands. Together with the first and second frequency bands, they form a continuous frequency band coverage from low frequency to high frequency, meeting the working requirements of the ultra-wideband antenna in different frequency bands, ensuring that the antenna operates stably and efficiently throughout the entire operating frequency band, and providing reliable signal transmission guarantee for the communication system.

[0161] IV. This embodiment specifically provides a design scheme for achieving low profile characteristics of the antenna, as shown below:

[0162] 1. Radiator 1 is connected to ground plane 6.

[0163] By electrically connecting radiator 1 to ground plane 6, the antenna size is shortened using floor mirroring. This design makes full use of space, enabling the antenna to effectively reduce its size at low frequencies and achieve a low-profile design. For example, radiator 1 is placed on the floor and fixed by a specific support structure, forming a good electrical connection with the ground plane, thereby achieving low-frequency radiation without increasing the antenna height.

[0164] 2. Optimize the antenna feed layout

[0165] A portion of the XY plane of the second feed section 2-2 is located directly below the radiator 1. This layout reduces the space occupied in the vertical direction, helping to lower the overall height of the antenna. Simultaneously, the antenna feed body is fixed and restrained by a support structure, ensuring stability without adding extra height.

[0166] 3. Make reasonable use of the supporting structure

[0167] Multiple support components are employed, such as the first support component 8, the second support component 9, the third support component 10, the fourth support component 11, and the fifth support component 14. These support components ensure the stability of the antenna structure while minimizing space occupation to achieve a low-profile design. For example, the height and position of the support components are carefully designed to minimize the overall thickness of the antenna.

[0168] 4. The design scheme for achieving low profile characteristics of the antenna provided in this embodiment has the following effects:

[0169] ① Adapting to the demand for miniaturized equipment

[0170] With the trend of modern electronic devices becoming increasingly miniaturized and thinner, low-profile antennas can be better integrated into various space-constrained devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and wearable devices. This allows for a more compact design while maintaining high-performance communication capabilities, without taking up excessive space.

[0171] For example, in smartphones, low-profile antennas can be placed in a small space inside the phone without increasing its thickness, making the phone thinner and more portable.

[0172] ② Improve equipment stability and reliability

[0173] Because of its lower center of gravity, the low-profile antenna is more stable when installed on equipment. During use, it is less susceptible to external vibrations, collisions, and other factors, thus improving the overall stability and reliability of the equipment.

[0174] For example, in vehicle communication equipment, when a low-profile antenna is installed on the top or side of the vehicle, it will not loosen or be damaged due to bumps during vehicle movement, thus ensuring the stability of communication.

[0175] ③ Improve equipment appearance

[0176] Low-profile antennas can be better integrated into the appearance design of devices without affecting their overall aesthetics. For devices with high aesthetic requirements, such as high-end electronic products and smart home devices, the design of low-profile antennas can make the devices more beautiful and elegant.

[0177] For example, in smartwatches, low-profile antennas can be hidden inside the watch strap or case, without affecting the watch's appearance design, while still enabling wireless communication. For instance, by rationally designing the radiators, feeding structures, and coupling methods for each frequency band, the antenna can achieve smooth transitions and signal transmission between different frequency bands, improving the overall ultra-wideband performance of the antenna.

[0178] The low-profile ultra-wideband antenna provided in this embodiment includes: a radiator 1 electrically connected to a ground plane 6 for effective radiation in a first frequency band; an antenna feed 2 partially projected onto the radiator 1 along a direction perpendicular to the ground plane 6, the overlapping portion of which is coupled to form a coupled feed structure 4; the antenna feed 2 is used to supply energy to the radiator 1 and acts as a radiator in a second frequency band to provide impedance matching; the coupled feed structure 4 is used to perform coupled feeding, achieving impedance matching in the first frequency band and extending the impedance bandwidth of the first frequency band; a stub antenna 3 disposed on the antenna feed 2 for providing radiation in a third frequency band and assisting the parasitic antenna 5 in radiation in a fourth frequency band; and a parasitic antenna 5 disposed on the ground plane for providing radiation in a fifth frequency band; wherein, there is a discontinuous frequency band between the first and second frequency bands; the second, third, fourth, and fifth frequency bands together cover a continuous frequency band from low to high frequency and are arranged in ascending order of frequency. In this embodiment, the electric length of the antenna is increased by using a radiator and its special coupling feeding method, solving the size limitation problem and thus achieving better low-frequency performance within a limited space. By forming a coupled feeding structure between the antenna feed element and the radiator, bias-coupled feeding solves the bandwidth problem, especially providing better bandwidth in the low-frequency band and improving the VSWR in the low-frequency band, as well as the coupling and matching between different frequency bands. Adding stub antennas to the antenna feed element to cover additional frequency bands solves the frequency band compatibility problem, thereby extending the antenna's operating range without affecting the performance of the main frequency band. By setting parasitic antennas, the high-frequency band coverage range of the antenna is further extended. The low-profile ultra-wideband antenna provided in this application can achieve ultra-wideband coverage within a limited space and provides good radiation performance and impedance matching effects in each frequency band.

[0179] Furthermore, this low-profile ultra-wideband antenna offers significant advantages in practical applications. In the communications field, it can meet the needs of various communication systems for multi-band, high-performance antennas. Whether in mobile communications, satellite communications, or wireless LANs, this antenna can stably transmit signals, ensuring communication quality and reliability.

[0180] For equipment manufacturers, using this type of antenna can reduce the number of antennas and the space occupied in the equipment, thereby reducing production costs and design complexity. At the same time, its excellent radiation performance and impedance matching effect can improve the overall performance and competitiveness of the equipment.

[0181] In terms of installation and use, the low-profile design makes the antenna easier to integrate into various devices, from small electronic devices to large communication equipment. Furthermore, the ultra-wideband capability ensures that the device maintains good communication performance under different usage environments and communication requirements, without the need for frequent antenna replacements or complex adjustments.

[0182] As stated above, this application possesses the following innovative features:

[0183] 1. Integrated Design and High Integration: The antenna in this application utilizes a special coupling feed method for low-profile, small antennas, which significantly improves the antenna's integration. Within a limited space, the various parts of the antenna are tightly integrated and work together to achieve multiple functions. For example, the antenna feed section is responsible for delivering energy and providing impedance matching, the stub section assists in radiation at different frequency bands, and the coupling section achieves good low-frequency radiation and bandwidth extension. The synergistic effect of these parts optimizes the overall performance of the antenna.

[0184] 2. Multiple Techniques for Antenna Modal Performance Tuning: To ensure good antenna performance across different frequency bands, this application employs multiple techniques to tune the antenna's modal performance. Through careful design and adjustment of parameters such as antenna structure, dimensions, and materials, the antenna's radiation performance and impedance matching are optimized across different frequency bands. In this low-profile miniaturized antenna, its outstanding bandwidth performance meets the bandwidth requirements of diverse communication systems, effectively improving communication quality and data transmission rates. Simultaneously, this design accommodates both independent antenna operation and ground-floor operation scenarios, ensuring the antenna maintains good performance in various usage environments.

[0185] 3. Diverse antenna shape designs

[0186] The antenna feed element 2 exhibits diverse shapes: the antenna feed element 2 in this application can take on various forms such as rectangular, trapezoidal (wider at the top and narrower at the bottom), and semi-circular. This diverse design allows for flexible selection based on different application requirements and space constraints, enhancing the antenna's adaptability and flexibility, and enabling the antenna to better adapt to various complex working scenarios and installation environments.

[0187] Shape selection for radiator 1: The shape of radiator 1 can be selected from various options such as L-shape, square, rectangle, and U-shape. The design of these shapes can be optimized according to low-frequency radiation requirements and spatial layout differences, thereby improving the antenna's radiation performance and bandwidth performance in the low-frequency band and meeting the antenna performance requirements of different low-frequency communication scenarios.

[0188] In summary, this application has successfully achieved the design of a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna by employing innovative methods such as the special coupling and feeding method of the low-profile small antenna, diverse antenna shape designs, ultra-wideband antenna technology, and diverse stub and parasitic antenna shape designs. This antenna boasts high integration, excellent radiation performance, outstanding bandwidth performance, ultra-wideband coverage, and diverse shape options, fully meeting the diverse antenna performance requirements of different communication systems. It has significant application value and broad application prospects in the modern communication field.

[0189] This application also provides a method for operating a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna to achieve ultra-wideband coverage within a limited space, providing good radiation performance and impedance matching in each frequency band, as shown in Figure 9. The method includes:

[0190] Step 901: The radiator performs effective radiation from the antenna in the first frequency band;

[0191] Step 902: The antenna feed element supplies energy to the radiator and acts as a radiator in the second frequency band to provide impedance matching; the antenna feed element and the radiator partially overlap in projection along the direction perpendicular to the ground plane, and the overlapping portion of the projection is coupled to each other to form a coupled feed structure;

[0192] Step 903: The coupled feeding structure performs coupled feeding to achieve impedance matching in the first frequency band and extend the impedance bandwidth of the first frequency band;

[0193] Step 904: The stub antenna provides radiation in the third frequency band and assists the parasitic antenna in radiation in the fourth frequency band;

[0194] Step 905: The parasitic antenna provides radiation in the fifth frequency band; wherein there is a discontinuous frequency band between the first and second frequency bands; the second, third, fourth and fifth frequency bands together cover a continuous frequency band from low frequency to high frequency and are arranged in ascending order of frequency.

[0195] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0196] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in one or more flowchart illustrations and / or one or more block diagrams.

[0197] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that implement the functions specified in one or more flowcharts and / or one or more block diagrams.

[0198] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process, such that the instructions, which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus, provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more flowcharts and / or one or more block diagrams.

[0199] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this application. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A low-profile ultra-wideband antenna, characterized in that, include: The radiator (1) is electrically connected to the ground plane (6) and is used for effective radiation of the antenna in the first frequency band; The antenna feed element (2) partially overlaps with the radiator (1) in a direction perpendicular to the ground plane (6), and the overlapping portion of the projection is coupled to form a coupled feed structure (4); the antenna feed element (2) is used to deliver energy to the radiator (1) and act as a radiator in the second frequency band to provide impedance matching; the coupled feed structure (4) is used to perform coupled feeding, realize impedance matching in the first frequency band and extend the impedance bandwidth of the first frequency band; A stub antenna (3) is mounted on the antenna feed body (2) to provide radiation in the third frequency band and to assist the parasitic antenna (5) in radiation in the fourth frequency band. Parasitic antenna (5) is disposed on the ground plane for providing radiation in the fifth frequency band; wherein there is a discontinuous frequency band between the first and second frequency bands; the second, third, fourth and fifth frequency bands together cover a continuous frequency band from low frequency to high frequency and are arranged in ascending order of frequency.

2. The low-profile ultra-wideband antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The coupled feeding structure is also used to assist in radiating a second frequency band through coupled feeding.

3. The low-profile ultra-wideband antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna feed body (2) includes a first feed part (2-1) and a second feed part (2-2); one end of the first feed part (2-1) is connected to the inner conductor of the cable to form a feed point; the first feed part (2-1) is used to exchange energy with the parasitic antenna (5) through coupling, to provide a connection carrier for the stub antenna (3), and to provide energy to the stub antenna (3) through the feed point.

4. The low-profile ultra-wideband antenna as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The second feed section (2-2) is located directly below the radiator (1), and the antenna voltage standing wave ratio is optimized by adjusting the coupling degree through displacement along the direction perpendicular to the ground plane (6) and by optimizing the area of ​​the coupled feed structure (4).

5. The low-profile ultra-wideband antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The parasitic antenna (5) is also used to primarily radiate the fifth frequency band and to assist in radiating the fourth frequency band.

6. The low-profile ultra-wideband antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The height of the parasitic antenna (5) is calculated based on the wavelength of the center frequency of the fifth frequency band.

7. The low-profile ultra-wideband antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The length direction of the stub antenna (3) is parallel to the ground plane (6) or at a preset angle.

8. The low-profile ultra-wideband antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The radiator (1) is L-shaped, square, rectangular or U-shaped.

9. The low-profile ultra-wideband antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The low-profile ultrawideband antenna also includes: The grounding part (7) connects the radiator (1) to the ground plane (6), so that the radiator (1) can be electrically connected to the ground plane (6).

10. The low-profile ultra-wideband antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The low-profile ultrawideband antenna also includes: The first support part (8), the second support part (9), the third support part (10), the fourth support part (11), and the fifth support part (14) are used together to support and fix the antenna feed body (2), the stub antenna (3), and the radiator (1).

11. The low-profile ultrawideband antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The low-profile ultrawideband antenna also includes a cable portion, which includes a cable plastic sheath, an inner conductor, a dielectric layer, an outer conductor, and a shielding layer, wherein the inner conductor is electrically connected to the antenna feed body (2).

12. A method for operating a low-profile ultra-wideband antenna, characterized in that, Applied to the low-profile ultrawideband antenna as described in any one of claims 1-11, the method comprises: The radiator enables the antenna to effectively radiate in the first frequency band. The antenna feed element supplies energy to the radiator and acts as a radiator in the second frequency band to provide impedance matching; the antenna feed element and the radiator partially overlap in projection along a direction perpendicular to the ground plane, and the overlapping portion of the projection is coupled to each other to form a coupled feed structure; The coupled feeding structure performs coupled feeding to achieve impedance matching in the first frequency band and extend the impedance bandwidth of the first frequency band; The stub antenna provides radiation in the third frequency band and assists the parasitic antenna in radiation in the fourth frequency band; The parasitic antenna provides radiation in the fifth frequency band; There are discontinuous frequency bands between the first and second frequency bands; the second, third, fourth and fifth frequency bands together cover a continuous frequency band from low to high frequency and are arranged in ascending order of frequency.

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