Photonic technology light filtering, conversion, and adjustable red light-reflecting film production

Abstract

This invention relates to the production of photonics technology light filtering, converting, and adjustable red light-emitting films applicable in agricultural production, greenhouse applications, and renewable energy systems, characterized by the following steps: dissolving PDI-NHR-Br, zinc powder, and a catalytic amount of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium in dry DMF (Dimethylformamide); purging the prepared solution with argon gas for 15 minutes to deoxygenate the environment (2); heating the solution to 110 °C and stirring it under an argon atmosphere for 5 hours; passing the mixture through a filtration column to remove catalyst residues after the reaction is complete; purifying the obtained crude product by column chromatography using dichloromethane after evaporating the solvent; drying the purified dark red product in a vacuum oven to obtain the final 2-PDI-NR fluorescent dye; mixing 100 mg of polymer and the obtained fluorescent dye, doped in specific mass ratios, in toluene; dropping the prepared dye-polymer mixture onto a glass surface; and obtaining a film by allowing the dropped solution to dry in a temperature range of 50-100°C.

Description

[0001] PHOTONIC TECHNOLOGY LIGHT FILTERING, CONVERSION, AND ADJUSTABLE RED LIGHT-REFLECTING FILM PRODUCTION

[0002] Technological Field:

[0003] This invention relates to photonic technology for light filtering, conversion, and adjustable red light-reflecting film production, applicable in agricultural production, greenhouse applications, and renewable energy systems.

[0004] State of the Art:

[0005] While technologies aimed at improving energy conversion and agricultural efficiency are rapidly advancing, current implementations face significant technical limitations. Thermoelectric materials, though capable of converting waste heat into electricity, are constrained by low efficiency, high costs, and complex manufacturing processes. Similarly, light-converting film technologies targeting agricultural productivity improvements suffer from insufficient long-term stability, chemical durability, and resistance to environmental factors. Photostability issues in materials, optical losses, and manufacturing complexities further hinder their large-scale adoption. Thus, there is a critical need for more efficient, durable, and economically viable solutions.

[0006] Patent application WO2022199112A1 describes a "Flexible Organic Thermoelectric Composite Film, Preparation Method, and Use." The invention relates to the field of organic thermoelectric materials, particularly a flexible organic thermoelectric composite film. The flexible organic thermoelectric composite film comprises carbon nanotubes and an organic conjugated polymer, the flexible organic thermoelectric composite film is prepared from carbon nanotubes and the organic conjugated polymer through dispersion and vacuum filtration. The flexible organic thermoelectric composite film provided by the present invention is eco-friendly, has a relatively high thermoelectric performance,can efficiently convert heat energy into electrical energy, and is long -lasting and stable. The present invention also provides a preparation method for the flexible organic thermoelectric composite film, and the method has simple steps, is easy to operate and implement in practice, and is therefore widely applicable in actual industrial production.

[0007] The invention described above, while efficient in terms of thermoelectric performance, is limited in its application to energy conversion and is not suitable for specific usage scenarios such as agricultural productivity. Furthermore, the cost of the carbon nanotubes used and the feasibility of the production process on an industrial scale may pose an economic disadvantage for large-scale agricultural applications. In addition, the dispersion and stability of carbon nanotubes may create problems over time, which could affect the long-term performance of the material. Techniques such as vacuum filtration add additional cost and technical complexity to the production process, while also harboring uncertainties regarding resistance to environmental factors.

[0008] Patent application KR20200113664A describes "Light Conversion Film Compositions and Agricultural Light Conversion Films Prepared Therewith." The invention is a light conversion film composition and an agricultural light conversion reflective mulching film prepared therefrom. A light conversion film composition includes: a binder attached to a perylene diimide (PDI) core; a substituent attached to the binder; and an alkyl chain attached to the PDI core. In addition, a light conversion reflective mulching film includes: a film substrate; and an aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) type light conversion dye dispersed and contained in the film substrate, where the AIEE type light conversion dye includes a binder attached to a PDI core, a substituent attached to the binder, and an alkyl chain attached to the PDI core.

[0009] While the invention described above possesses a structure aimed at enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, it may present certain drawbacks concerning the stability and long-term durability of the aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) type dyes employed. AIEE-type light conversion dyes are likely to experience a loss of effectiveness upon prolonged exposure to sunlight and environmental factors. Furthermore, structures such as binder-linked substituents and alkyl chains attached tothe PDI core may exhibit limitations in terms of chemical resistance, potentially leading to degradation of the fdm composition over time. Complexity in the manufacturing process could create disadvantages regarding economic sustainability for large-scale applications, while potentially failing to provide sufficient flexibility and adaptability for agricultural use.

[0010] Description of the Invention:

[0011] This invention relates to a method for producing a film that overcomes the aforementioned disadvantages, efficiently absorbs, converts, and emits light, optimizes the photosynthesis process, increases plant growth rate, is low-cost to produce, possesses high thermal, chemical, and photostability, allows for adjustment of the light spectrum depending on production, exhibits high adaptability to different agricultural applications, achieves high light conversion efficiency with low dye usage, saves energy and materials, and is suitable for commercial-scale production.

[0012] This invention presents a light filtering and conversion technology that makes the photosynthesis process of plants more efficient. By increasing the red and blue light spectrums, which are the most efficient for plant growth, it provides a significant yield increase in agricultural production. Thus, more products can be obtained in a shorter time in the agricultural sector.

[0013] Traditional greenhouse systems are heavily dependent on artificial lighting, which increases energy consumption. Thanks to our invention, the spectrum of natural sunlight is optimized, ensuring that plants receive light more efficiently. This reduces the use of additional energy, allowing greenhouse environments to be operated at a lower cost.

[0014] The photonic films used in the invention contain special fluorescent compounds that can provide high efficiency with very low amounts of material. These materials are both low-cost and have high stability, allowing them to operate for a long time without degradation. In this way, an economical solution is offered for agricultural enterprises.Our invention reduces energy consumption in greenhouse applications, thereby decreasing dependence on fossil fuels. At the same time, it significantly reduces the carbon footprint of greenhouse farming because it ensures the most efficient use of natural sunlight. Thus, it contributes to environmentally friendly and sustainable agricultural practices.

[0015] The photonic film technology of the invention is adaptable to various cultivation systems such as greenhouses, vertical farming systems, and hydroponic (soilless) agriculture. Consequently, it can be readily utilized in both traditional and modem agricultural methods, making it a versatile innovation.

[0016] The production method pertaining to the invention allows for the adjustment of fluorescence emission wavelengths, enabling the creation of customized light environments for specific plant species. For instance, more red light can be provided for certain vegetables, while a different spectrum can be adjusted for flowering plants. This ensures the creation of plant-specific optimum growth conditions. Furthermore, this film technology can be easily integrated into existing polymer-based greenhouse covers. Due to the simplicity of the production process, it can be manufactured cost-effectively for widespread applications and easily adapted to existing greenhouse systems.

[0017] The specific dyes and polymer films used in the invention possess a fluorescence quantum yield of over 80%. This signifies that light conversion is extremely efficient, offering a system that can operate effectively even at the lowest doping ratios.

[0018] While some materials used in traditional light filtering technologies tend to degrade upon exposure to sunlight, the perylene diimide derivatives used in this invention exhibit high photostability. This ensures that the material functions without degradation for years, thus making it suitable for long-term use.

[0019] Description of the Figures:

[0020] The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying figures, so that the features of the invention will be more clearly understood and appreciated, but this is notintended to limit the invention to these specific arrangements. On the contrary, it is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents that may be included within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that the details shown are presented for the purpose of describing only the preferred arrangements of the present invention, and are presented to provide the most useful and readily understood description of both the shaping of the methods and the rules and conceptual features of the invention. In these drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 A graph relating to the fluorescence emission spectrum in toluene of 2PDI-NR doped at different mass ratios.

[0022] Figure 2 A graph showing the spectral data for the fluorescence quantum yield calculation method using an integrating sphere for 2PDI-NR doped at 0.1%.

[0023] Figure 3 A graph showing the spectral data for the fluorescence quantum yield calculation method using an integrating sphere for 2PDI-NR doped at 0.5%.

[0024] Figure 4 A graph showing the spectral data for the fluorescence quantum yield calculation method using an integrating sphere for 2PDI-NR doped at 1%.

[0025] The figures that will help in understanding this invention are numbered as indicated in the attached drawing and are given below with their names.

[0026] Detailed Description of the Invention:

[0027] This invention encompasses a fluorescent dye with light absorption, conversion, and emission properties, and the production of a photonic film using this dye. Initially, a reaction medium is prepared by dissolving PDI-NHR-Br (50 mg, 0.06 mmol), zinc powder (40-60 nm particle size, 20 mg, 0.3 mol), and a catalytic amount of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium (0) in dry DMF (5 mb). Subsequently, the solution is deoxygenated by bubbling argon gas through it for 15 minutes, thereby preventing undesirable oxidation reactions. The prepared solution is heated to 110 °C and stirred under an argon atmosphere for 5 hours to carry out the reaction. Upon completion of thereaction, the resulting mixture is passed through a short filtration column to remove catalyst residues. The solvent of the obtained crude product is removed by evaporation, and the product is purified by column chromatography using dichloromethane. The purified product is dried in a vacuum oven to obtain the dark red final 2-PDI-NR fluorescent dye. The chemical synthesis step of the obtained dye is as follows:

[0028] R

[0029] ft o.T .ft, y o o N o As

[0030] : N X 'f f X "t ( '"'Y '-' A' O M O J, R

[0031]

[0032] This dye is mixed with a polymer for use in the production of photonic films. Initially, 100 mg of polymer (Zeonex) is mixed in toluene for 2-5 hours with the addition of 2-PDI-NR fluorescent dye at weight ratios of 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0%. The prepared dye-polymer mixture is drop-cast onto a glass surface to form a thin film. This film is then dried in a temperature range of 50-100°C, a drying process that imparts its physical and optical properties. After drying is complete, the film is ready for photophysical measurements and tests. In the final stage, the resulting film is used as a photonic film that absorbs, converts, and emits light. In this way, agricultural productivity can be increased using photonic film technology, the photosynthesis process of plants can be optimized, and more efficient light utilization can be achieved in greenhouse applications.

[0033] Figure 1 shows the fluorescence emission of different concentrations of 2-PDI-NR dye in Zeonex polymer. Figures 2-4 show the spectral data for the method of calculating the fluorescence quantum yield with the aid of an integrating sphere for 2-PDI-NR doped at 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% ratios, respectively.

Claims

CLAIMS1- The invention is a photonic technology for light filtering, conversion, and production of an adjustable red light-emitting film, characterized by:— Dissolving PDI-NHR-Br, zinc powder, and a catalytic amount of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium in dry DMF (Dimethylformamide),— Purging the prepared solution with argon gas for 15 minutes to deoxygenate the environment, (2),— Heating the solution to 110 °C and stirring it under an argon atmosphere for 5 hours, — Passing the mixture through a filtration column after the reaction is complete to remove catalyst residues,— Purifying the obtained crude product by column chromatography using dichloromethane after evaporating the solvent,— Drying the purified dark red product in a vacuum oven to obtain the final 2-PDI-NR fluorescent dye,— Mixing 100 mg of polymer and the obtained fluorescent dye, doped in specific mass ratios, in toluene,— Dropping the prepared dye-polymer mixture onto a glass surface,— Obtaining the film by allowing the dropped solution to dry in a temperature range of 50-100°C, comprising the process steps.2- The photonic technology for light filtering, conversion, and production of an adjustable red light-emitting film as described in Claim 1, characterized by dissolving 50 mg, 0.06 mmol of PDI-NHR-Br, 20 mg, 0.3 mol of zinc powder with a particle size of 40-60 nm in 5 mL of dry DMF.3- The photonic technology for light filtering, conversion, and production of an adjustable red light-emitting film as described in Claim 1, characterized by the polymer used being zeonex.

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