Ophthalmic prescription modification to a lens array using additive manufacturing

Abstract

Embodiments described herein relate to optical waveguide devices, and related apparatus and methods. In one or more embodiments, a device includes a waveguide. The waveguide includes at least one grating disposed over an eye-side surface or a world-side surface opposing the eye-side surface of a waveguide substrate. The device includes a lens coupled to one of the eye-side surface or the world-side surface. There is at least one compensation lens disposed on the lens, the compensation lens having an additional optical property to compensate for the lens.

Description

OPHTHALMIC PRESCRIPTION MODIFICATION TO A LENS ARRAY USING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING BACKGROUNDField

[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to optical devices. More specifically, embodiments described herein relate to optical devices having a lens array with at least one compensation lens and methods of forming a lens array with at least one compensation lens.Description of the Related Art

[0002] Virtual reality is generally considered to be a computer generated simulated environment in which a user has an apparent physical presence. A virtual reality experience can be generated in 3D and viewed with a head-mounted display (HMD), such as glasses or other wearable display devices that have near-eye display panels as lenses to display a virtual reality environment that replaces an actual environment.

[0003] Augmented reality, however, enables an experience in which a user can still see through the display lenses of the glasses or other HMD device to view the surrounding environment, yet also see images of virtual objects that are generated for display and appear as part of the environment. Augmented reality can include any type of input, such as audio and haptic inputs, as well as virtual images, graphics, and video that enhances or augments the environment that the user experiences. As an emerging technology, there are many challenges and design constraints with augmented reality.

[0004] One such challenge is accounting for the prescriptions of specific users. Conventionally, a subtractive process is used to tailor a lens blank to a particular user. However, this manufacturing process involves machining and grinding, which is not compatible for high throughput.

[0005] Accordingly, what is needed in the art is a method to mass produce individual lens stack prescription through additive manufacturing.SUMMARY

[0006] In one or more embodiments, a device is provided. The device includes a waveguide. The waveguide includes at least one grating disposed over an eye-side surface or a world-side surface opposing the eye-side surface of a waveguide substrate. The device includes a lens coupled to one of the eye-side surface or the world-side surface. There is at least one compensation lens disposed on the lens, the compensation lens having an additional optical property to compensate for the lens.

[0007] In one or more embodiments, a device is provided. The device includes a waveguide. The waveguide includes at least one grating disposed over an eye-side surface or a world-side surface opposing the eye-side surface of a waveguide substrate. The device includes a first lens coupled to the eye-side surface, and a second lens coupled to the world-side surface. A first compensation lens is disposed on the first lens, and a second compensation lens is disposed on the second lens. The first compensation lens and the second compensation lens have an additional optical property to compensate for the lens.

[0008] In one or more embodiments, a method of forming a lens includes fabricating a plurality of waveguides on a surface of a substrate. Each waveguide of the plurality of waveguides includes at least one grating disposed over an eye-side surface or a world-side surface opposing the eye-side surface of a waveguide substrate. The method further includes coupling at least one lens to one of the eyeside surface or the world-side surface of each waveguide of the plurality of waveguides. At least one compensation lens is formed on each lens, the compensation lens having an additional optical property to compensate for the lens.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present disclosure can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the disclosure, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only exemplary embodiments and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, and may admit to other equally effective embodiments.

[0010] FIG. 1 A is a perspective, frontal view of a device, according to one or more embodiments.

[0011] FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the device shown in FIG. 1A, according to one or more embodiments.

[0012] FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating operations of a method for fabricating a device according to one or more embodiments.

[0013] FIG. 3A is a perspective, frontal view of a waveguide array, according to one or more embodiments.

[0014] FIG. 3B is a schematic cross-sectional view of a waveguide, according to one or more embodiments.

[0015] FIG. 3C is a perspective, frontal view of a waveguide array with a lens stack disposed thereon, according to one or more embodiments.

[0016] FIG. 3D is a schematic cross-sectional view of a waveguide having a lens stack, according to one or more embodiments.

[0017] FIG. 3E is a schematic cross-sectional view of a device, according to one or more embodiments.

[0018] To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the figures. It is contemplated that elements and features of one embodiment may be beneficially incorporated in other embodiments without further recitation.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to optical devices. More specifically, embodiments described herein relate to optical devices that have a lens array with at least one compensation lens and methods of forming a lens array with at least one compensation lens. The optical devices are displays for augmented, virtual, or mixed reality. The optical devices include a waveguide. [Will add upon approval of claims]

[0020] FIG. 1 A is a perspective, frontal view of a device 100, according to one or more embodiments. The device 100 includes a waveguide 101 , a lens stack 112, and a compensation lens 113 disposed on the lens stack 112. It is to be understood that the waveguide 101 described herein is an exemplary waveguide and that other waveguides may be used with or modified to accomplish aspects of the present disclosure. As shown FIGs. 1A and 1 B, the substrate 102 has a world-side surface 102a and an eye-side surface 102b. The eye-side surface 102b opposes the worldside surface 102a. The waveguide 101 includes a plurality of structures 111. The structures 111 may be disposed over, under, or on the world-side surface 102a or the eye-side surface 102b of a substrate 102, or disposed in the world-side surface 102a or the eye-side surface 102b of the substrate 102. While the Figures show the structures 111 on the world-side surface 102a, the structures 111 may be disposed on the eye-side surface 102b.

[0021] The structures 111 are nanostructures and have a sub-micron critical dimension, e.g., a width less than 1 micrometer. Regions of the structures 111 correspond to one or more gratings 104. In one or more embodiments, the device 100 includes at least a first grating 104a corresponding to an input coupling grating and a third grating 104c corresponding to an output coupling grating. In one or more embodiments, the device 100 further includes a second grating 104b. The second grating 104b corresponds to a pupil expansion grating or a fold grating.

[0022] The substrate 102 can be any substrate used in the art, and can be either opaque or transparent to a chosen wavelength of light, depending for the use of the substrate 102 as a substrate for a waveguide. Substrate selection may include substrates of any suitable material, including, but not limited to, amorphous dielectrics, non-amorphous dielectrics, crystalline dielectrics, polymers, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the substrate 102 includes, but is not limited to, a silicon-containing material, a silicon and oxygen containing compound, a germanium-containing material, a indium and phosphide containing compound, a gallium and arsenic containing compound, a gallium and nitrogen containing compound, a carbon-containing material, a silicon and carbon containing compound, a silicon, carbon, and oxygen containing compound, a silicon and nitrogen containing compound, a silicon, oxygen, and nitrogen containing compound, a niobium and oxygen containingcompound, and lithium, niobium, and oxygen containing compound, an aluminum and oxygen containing compound, a indium, tin, and oxygen containing compound, a titanium and oxygen containing compound, a lanthanum and oxygen containing compound, a gadolinium and oxygen containing compound, a zinc and oxygen containing compound, a yttrium and oxygen containing compound, a tungsten and oxygen containing compound, a potassium, and oxygen containing compound, a phosphorous and oxygen containing compound, a barium and oxygen containing compound, a sodium and oxygen containing compound, or combinations thereof. In other embodiments, which can be combined with other embodiments described herein, the substrate 102 includes an oxide including one or more of gadolinium, silicon, sodium, barium, potassium, tungsten, phosphorus, zinc, calcium, titanium, tantalum, niobium, lanthanum, zirconium, lithium, or yttrium containing-materials. Example materials of the substrate 102 include silicon (Si), silicon monoxide (SiO), silicon dioxide (SiCk), silicon carbide (SiC), fused silica, diamond, quartz germanium (Ge), silicon germanium (SiGe), indium phosphide (InP), gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium nitride (GaN), sapphire, sapphire (AI2O3), lithium niobate (LiNbOs), indium tin oxide (ITO), lanthanum oxide (La20s), gadolinium oxide (Gd20s), zinc oxide (ZnO), yttrium oxide (Y2O3), tungsten oxide (WO3), titanium oxide (TiO2), zirconium oxide (ZrOs), sodium oxide (Na2O), niobium oxide (Nb20s), barium oxide (BaO), potassium oxide (K2O), phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5), calcium oxide (CaO), or combinations thereof.

[0023] The structures 111 and the substrate 102 include a different material. The structure 111 includes, but is not limited to, one or more oxides, carbides, or nitrides of silicon, aluminum, zirconium, tin, tantalum, zirconium, barium, titanium, hafnium, lithium, lanthanum, cadmium, niobium, or combinations thereof. Example materials of the structures 111 include silicon carbide, silicon oxycarbide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, vanadium oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, indium tin oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, tantalum oxide, silicon nitride, zirconium oxide, niobium oxide, cadmium stannate, silicon oxynitride, barium titanate, diamond like carbon, hafnium oxide, lithium niobate, silicon carbon-nitride, silver, cadmium selenide, mercury telluride, zinc selenide, silver-indium-gallium-sulfur, silver-indium-sulfur, indium phosphide, gallium phosphide, lead sulfide, lead selenide, zinc sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, tungsten sulfide, or combinations thereof.

[0024] The beams pass through the device 100 to the third grating 104c and undergo total internal reflection (TIR) in the device 100 until the beams contact a structure of the plurality of gratings 104 of the third grating 104c where the beams are split into beams that are refracted back or lost in the device 100, beams that undergo TIR in the third grating 104c until the beams contact another structure of the plurality of gratings 104, or beams that are out-coupled from the device 100 to the user’s eye. The beams that undergo TIR in the third grating 104c continue to contact structures of the plurality of gratings 104 until the either the intensity of the beams pass through the device 100 to the third grating 104c is depleted, or remaining beams propagating through the third grating 104c have reached the end of the third grating 104c. The beams of the virtual image are propagated from the third grating 104c to overlay the virtual image over the ambient environment.

[0025] FIG. 1 B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the device 100 shown in FIG.1 A, according to one or more embodiments. The device 100 includes a lens stack 112. The lens stack 112 has at least one of a world-side lens 112a or an eye-side lens 112b. The lens stack 112 may have both a world-side lens 112a and an eyeside lens 112b. The lens stack 112 is coupled to the substrate 102. The world-side lens 112a is disposed above the world-side surface 102a of the substrate 102. The eye-side lens 112b is disposed below the eye-side surface 102b of the substrate 102. The lens stack 112 may be coupled to world-side or eye-side via an adhesive. The lens stack 112 may be coupled to the world-side or eye-side via a mold. As shown in FIG. 1A, the world-side lens 112a is coupled to the world-side surface 102a of the substrate 102 by a world-side adhesive 116a. The eye-side lens 112b is disposed opposite the world-side lens 112a. The eye-side lens 112b is coupled to the eye-side surface 102b of the substrate 102 by the eye-side adhesive 116b. Each world-side lens 112a and each eye-side lens 112b of each waveguide is disposed at an interpupillary distance (IPD) 105 corresponding to a nominal eye position of a user eye 103. The user eye 103 may be for a specific user or a generic user. The IPD is the distance in millimeters between the centers of each pupil. It is desirable for the nominal eye position to align with an output coupling grating, the third grating 104c. A typical augmented reality device includes two waveguides 101 , and two corresponding lens stacks 112 disposed thereon. Each waveguide 101 , and each lens stack 112, corresponds to a user eye 103. Therefore, it is also desirable for eachlens stack 112 to be disposed at an IPD 105 corresponding to a nominal eye position of a user eye 103.

[0026] The world-side lens 112a and the eye-side lens 112b are selected to be in increments of optical powers. The world-side lens 112a has a fixed optical power. For example, the fixed optical power is about +0.5 to +1 .5 diopters. The eye-side lens 112b has a fixed optical power. For example, the fixed optical power is about -0.5 to about -5.5 diopters. The world-side lens 112a and the eye-side lens 112b are selected to achieve a generic ophthalmic prescription common to a mass number of users.

[0027] The device 100 includes at least one compensation lens 113 disposed on the lens stack 112. The compensation lens 113 is at least one of a world-side compensation lens 113a or an eye-side compensation lens 113b. The compensation lens may be both a world-side compensation lens 113a and an eye-side compensation lens 113b. The compensation lens 113 has an additional optical property to compensate for the lens stack 112. The additional optical property is specific to an individual user or group of users. The optical property includes, but is not limited to one or more of optical power, ocular astigmatism, optical prism, and / or the like. The compensation lens 113 may cover the entirety of the lens stack 112, may substantially cover the lens stack 112, or may only cover a portion of the lens stack 112. The compensation lens 113 may be aligned with the IPD 105 corresponding to the nominal eye position of the user eye 103. The compensation lens 113 may be offset laterally relative to the IPD 106 corresponding to the nominal eye position of the user eye 103. The compensation lens 113 may have a uniform width along the length of the lens stack 112. The compensation lens 113 may have a varying width along the length of the lens stack 112. The compensation lens 113 may be disposed over the lens stack 112 as to form any ophthalmic shape specified. For example, the compensation lens 113 may be disposed over the lens stack 112 such that the lens stack 112 and the compensation lens 113 form a spherical lens, an aspheric lens, a freeform lens, a toric lens, or a flat lens.

[0028] The device 100 may be mass produced because the compensation lens 113 is specific to an individual user or group of users. The method 200 provided herein includes the fabrication of a plurality of waveguides 101 on a substrate 102, and the coupling of generic lens stacks 112 thereto. The generic lens stacks 112 maybe coupled to the waveguides 101 before or after singulation. In some embodiments, the compensation lens 113 is 3D printed onto the lens stack 112 per the optical property specific to an individual user or group of users. For example, a first device 100 has a different compensation lens 113 than a second device 120. This increases throughput as opposed to the conventional ophthalmic lens manufacturing that uses subtractive process to tailor a lens blank to a particular user.

[0029] FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method 200 for forming device 100. FIGs. 3A-3E are schematic views of a device 100 as it is formed through method 200.

[0030] At operation 201, as shown in FIG. 3A, a waveguide array 301 is formed. The waveguide array 301 is formed on the surface of a substrate 102. The waveguide array 301 may include multiple waveguides 101 . For example, the waveguide array may have about 4 waveguides to about 8 waveguides, about 8 waveguides to about 12 waveguides, about 12 waveguides to about 16 waveguides, about 16 waveguides to about 20 waveguides, or more than 20 waveguides.

[0031] FIG. 3B is a schematic cross-sectional view of a waveguide 101 after assembly in operation 201. The waveguide 101 includes a substrate 102. The substrate 102 has a world-side surface 102a and an eye-side surface 102b. The waveguide 101 includes a plurality of structures 111. The structures 111 may be disposed over, under, or on the world-side surface 102a of the substrate 102, or disposed in the substrate 102. Regions of the structures 111 correspond to one or more gratings 104. In one or more embodiments, the waveguide 101 includes at least a first grating 104a corresponding to an input coupling grating and a third grating 104c corresponding to an output coupling grating.

[0032] At operation 202, as shown in FIG. 3C and 3D, the lens stack 112 is disposed over each waveguide 101 of the waveguide array 301 . The lens stack 112 may be a world-side lens 112a or an eye-side lens 112b. The lens stack 112 may be both a world-side lens 112a and an eye-side lens 112b. The lens stack 112 may be disposed via a transfer process from a donor substrate, or via a molding process. The molding process may be, but is not limited to, an injection molding process. After the transfer process or the molding process, each waveguide 101 of the waveguide array 301 includes a lens stack 112 disposed thereon.

[0033] During a transfer process, a lens array 303 is disposed on a first donor substrate and on a second donor substrate. A lens array 303 includes a plurality of world-side lenses 112a and a plurality of eye-side lenses 112b. The plurality of worldside lenses 112a of the lens array 303 is disposed on a first donor substrate. The plurality of eye-side lenses 112b of the lens array 303 is disposed on a second donor substrate. The number of world-side lenses 112a and the number of eye-side lenses 112b may correspond to the number of waveguides 101 of the waveguide array 301 .

[0034] An adhesive 116 is applied to each world-side lens 112a and each eye-side lens 112b of the lens array 303. A world-side adhesive 116a is applied to each of the world-side lenses 112a. An eye-side adhesive 116b is applied to each of the eye-side lenses 112b. In one or more embodiments, the adhesive 116 is deposited by printing (such as screen printing, inkjet printing, and / or roller printing), dispensing, patterning, and / or spraying. In one or more embodiments, the adhesive is pre-fabricated (e.g., as a pre-form). In one or more embodiments, the adhesive 116 is a pressure sensitive adhesive, a heat-activated adhesive, and / or a glue. Other adhesives may be used. Each of the world-side lenses 112a is bonded to a corresponding waveguide 101 in the waveguide array 301 by way of the world-side adhesive 116a. Each of the eyeside lenses 112b is bonded to a corresponding waveguide 101 in the waveguide array 301 by way of the eye-side adhesive 116b. Each world-side lens 112a and each eyeside lens 112b of each waveguide is disposed at an interpupillary distance (IPD) 105 corresponding to an nominal eye position of a user eye 103.

[0035] During a molding process, the lens array 303 is molded by a lens mold 302. The lens mold 302 may have a plurality of impressions. The plurality of impressions corresponds to each lens stack 112 of the lens array 303 to be molded therein. The plurality of impressions may be spaced such that the spacing of the resulting lens array 303 corresponds to the spacing of each waveguide 101 of the waveguide array 301. The lens mold 302 may be an injection mold using a material such as polycarbonate, or the like. Other methods of manufacturing, such as, but not limited to, casting, compression molding, or the like, may be used to manufacture the lens array 303. Other materials for manufacturing, such as, but not limited to, a polymer called poly (allyl diglycol carbonate) (PADC) , urethane-based pre-polymer, monomers, polymers, or the like, may be used to manufacture the lens array 303, andtherefore the lens stack 112 (e.g., the world-side lens 112a and the eye-side lens 112b). Each world-side lens 112a and each eye-side lens 112b of the lens array 303 may then be adhered to waveguide 101 of the waveguide array 301 . Each world-side lens 112a and each eye-side lens 112b of each waveguide 101 is disposed at an IPD 105 corresponding to a nominal eye position of a user eye 103.

[0036] Each lens array 303, and therefore each lens stack 112 of the lens array 303, may have the same optical power level. For example, each of the world-side lenses 112a may have an optical power that is divisible by a +0.5 diopter measurement. Therefore, in some embodiments, the world-side lenses may have a fixed optical power of +0.5 diopters, +1 diopters, +1 .5 diopters, and so forth. Each of the eye-side lenses 112b may have an optical power that is divisible by a -0.5 diopter measurement. Therefore, in some embodiments, the world-side lenses may have a fixed optical power of -0.5 diopters, -1 .0 diopters, -1 .5 diopters, -2.0 diopters, -2.5 diopters, -3.0 diopters, -3.5 diopters, -4.0 diopters, -4.5 diopters, -5.0 diopters, -5.5 diopters, and so forth. The lens array 303 is selected to achieve a generic ophthalmic prescription common to a mass number of users.

[0037] After the lens array 303 is disposed on each waveguide 101 of the waveguide array 301 , each waveguide 101 may be singulated. However, each waveguide does not need to be singulated to proceed to operation 203.

[0038] At operation 203, as shown in FIG. 3E, a compensation lens 113 is formed over the lens stack 112. The compensation lens 113 is a world-side compensation lens 113a if it is formed over the world-side lens 112a. The compensation lens 113 is an eye-side compensation lens 113b if it is formed over the eye-side lens 112b. The compensation lens 113 may cover the entirety of the lens stack 112, may substantially cover the lens stack 112, or may only cover a portion of the lens stack 112. The compensation lens 113 may be aligned with the IPD 105 corresponding to the nominal eye position of the user eye 103. The compensation lens 113 may be offset laterally relative to the IPD 106 corresponding to the nominal eye position of the user eye 103. The compensation lens 113 may have a uniform width along the length of the lens stack 112. The compensation lens 113 may have a varying width along the length of the lens stack 112. The compensation lens 113 may be at a different IPD 105 to the user eye 103 than the lens stack 112.

[0039] The compensation lens 113 may be formed over the lens stack 112 by way of 3D printing. In some embodiments, the 3D printing process may be, but is not limited to, polymer inject printing, fused deposition modeling, stereolithography, digital light processing, material jetting, two-photon polymerization, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the 3D printing process to print the compensation lens 113 may use materials such as transparent resins, optically-clear polymers, or combinations thereof. By forming the compensation lens 113 over the lens stack 112 by way of 3D printing, the compensation lens 113 may be disposed over the lens stack 112 as to form any ophthalmic shape specified. For example, the compensation lens 113 may be disposed over the lens stack 112 such that the lens stack 112 and the compensation lens 113 form a spherical lens, an aspheric lens, a freeform lens, a toric lens, or a flat lens. The compensation lens 113 may be the same material as the corresponding lens stack 112. For example, the compensation lens 113 may include PADC, urethane-based pre-polymer, monomers, or polymers. The compensation lens 113 may be a different material than the corresponding lens stack 112. The compensation lens 113 may have the same or a different refractive index than the corresponding lens stack 112.

[0040] The compensation lens 113 includes an additional optical power level measured in diopters. The additional optical power level may correspond to a corrective measure of the user eye 103. For example, if a user eye 103 possessed a prescription of +1.75 diopters, the lens stack 112 could have a prescription of +1.5 diopters, and the compensation lens 113 could have a prescription of +0.25 diopters, for a total of +1 .75 diopters. By way of another example, if a user eye 103 possessed a prescription of -0.37, the lens stack 112 could have a prescription of 0 diopter, and the compensation lens 113 could have a prescription of -0.37 diopter. In this way, the compensation lens 113 may have a corresponding optical power that is not divisible by traditional ophthalmic prescription measurements, such as + / - 0.125, + / - 0.25, or the like.

[0041] Additionally, the compensation lens 113 may correspond to an optical property of the user eye 103. For example, the compensation lens 113 may be disposed on the lens stack 112 in such a way to compensate for the user eye 103 having astigmatism, myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, and / or the like. Thecompensation lens 113 may be disposed on the lens stack 112 in such a way to create single vision glasses, bifocal glasses, trifocal glasses, prism lenses, progressive lenses, reading glasses, or the like. The compensation lens 113 may be disposed on the lens stack 112 in such a manner that the IPD 105 corresponding to an nominal eye position of a user eye 103 changes.

[0042] In some embodiments, the method 200 includes optional operation 204. At optional operation 204 as shown in FIG. 3E, an additional compensation lens 113 is disposed on the lens stack 112. The additional compensation lens 113 may be a world-side compensation lens 113a if it is formed over the world-side lens 112a. The additional compensation lens 113 may be an eye-side compensation lens 113b if it is formed over the eye-side lens 112b. The process of forming the additional compensation lens 113 may be the same or substantially similar to the process of forming the compensation lens 113. The process of forming the additional compensation lens 113 may be a different process than forming the compensation lens 113.

[0043] Operation 203, and in some embodiments, optional operation 204, is repeated for each of the waveguides. For example, compare the device 100 of FIG.1 B to the second device 120 of FIG. 3E.

[0044] If each waveguide 101 of the waveguide array 301 was not singulated after operation 202, each device 100 may be singulated after optional operation 204. The resulting device 100 has a lens stack 112 and at least one compensation lens 113 disposed thereon.

[0045] While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present disclosure, other and further embodiments of the disclosure may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A device, comprising:a waveguide including at least one grating disposed over an eye-side surface or a world-side surface opposing the eye-side surface of a waveguide substrate; a lens coupled to one of the eye-side surface or the world-side surface; and at least one compensation lens disposed on the lens having an additional optical property to compensate for the lens.

2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the lens disposed at an interpupillary distance (IPD) corresponding to a nominal eye position of a user eye.

3. The device of claim 2, wherein the additional optical property is one of optical power, prism, or the IPD.

4. The device of claim 2, wherein the compensation lens is offset laterally relative to the IPD corresponding to the nominal eye position of the user eye.

5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the lens and the at least one compensation lens are different materials.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein the lens is coupled to one of the eye-side surface or the world-side surface by adhesive.

7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one compensation lens is disposed on the lens by a 3D printing process.

8. The device of claim 1, wherein the compensation lens has a uniform width along a length of the compensation lens.

9. The device of claim 1, wherein the compensation lens has a varying width along a length of the compensation lens.

10. The device of claim 2, wherein the compensation lens is aligned with the IPD corresponding to the nominal eye position of the user eye.

11. A device, comprising:a waveguide including at least one grating disposed over an eye-side surface or a world-side surface opposing the eye-side surface of a waveguide substrate; a first lens coupled to the eye-side surface and a second lens coupled to the world-side surface; anda first compensation lens disposed on the first lens and a second compensation lens disposed on the second lens, wherein the first compensation lens and the second compensation lens have an additional optical property to compensate for the first lens and the second lens.

12. The device of claim 11 , wherein the lens is disposed at an interpupillary distance (IPD) corresponding to a nominal eye position of a user eye, and wherein the additional optical property is one of optical power, prism, or the IPD.

13. The device of claim 12, wherein the first lens and the second lens are a same material as the first compensation lens and the second compensation lens.

14. A method of forming an ophthalmic lens, comprising:coupling at least one lens to one of an eye-side surface or a world-side surface of at least one waveguide of a plurality of waveguides, the at least one waveguide having at least one grating disposed over the eye-side surface or the world-side surface opposing the eye-side surface of a waveguide substrate; andforming at least one compensation lens on each lens, the compensation lens having an additional optical property to compensate for the lens.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein each lens is disposed at an interpupillary distance (IPD) corresponding to a nominal eye position of a user eye.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein the waveguide substrate having each waveguide of the plurality of waveguides is singulated before the at least one compensation lens is formed thereon.

17. The method of claim 14, wherein the waveguide substrate having each waveguide of the plurality of waveguides is singulated after the at least one compensation lens is formed thereon.

18. The method of claim 14, wherein the at least one lens is coupled to one of the eye-side surface or the world-side surface of each waveguide by an injection molding process.

19. The method of claim 14, wherein the at least one lens is coupled to one of the eye-side surface or the world-side surface of each waveguide by a transfer process.

20. The method of claim 14, wherein the at least one compensation lens is disposed on the lens by a 3D printing process.

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