An antisense
oligonucleotide (ASO) that is capable of binding to a target sequence in a mRNA of a secreted
phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) or
osteopontin (OPN)
gene, the mRNA having a
start codon in an
open reading frame encoding the SPP1 or OPN, and the target sequence including the
start codon in the
open reading frame of the mRNA. Binding of the ASO to the target sequence disrupts translation of the ORF encoding the SPP1 or OPN. Alternatively, an ASO wherein the ASO is capable of binding to a target sequence in a pre-mRNA of a SPP1 or OPN
gene. Also double-stranded
DNA or
RNA molecules capable of binding to a target sequence in a mRNA or pre-mRNA of a SPP1 or OPN
gene. Additionally, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatments using the ASOs or double-stranded
DNA or
RNA molecules.