Lossy Distflow equations and an inverse PINN estimate line resistance, reactance, voltages, and flows with lower computation.
Capacitance sensing near the RF connector detects abnormal cable coupling without disassembly, cutting defect analysis time and cost.
Impedance-based load detection temporarily inhibits short-circuit protection during startup surges, preventing false trips and reducing component cost.
A temperature-sensitive separator dielectric enables direct internal battery temperature monitoring, improving thermal runaway detection speed.
A resistor-bridge directional coupler separates incident and reflected waves across a wide band while shrinking chip area for lower-cost vector network analyzers.
Ports and resistors built into the connector simplify wideband coupler integration while preserving transmit and receive signal separation.
Simulated insulative particles and a test coating isolate substrate and particle-gap effects, improving conductive material evaluation in rechargeable batteries.
Core battery temperature is inferred from EIS voltage and current measurements, avoiding thermistors, extra wiring, and casing thermal lag.
A smaller reference TSV is etched and tested first to verify SiC via formation, reducing over-etch and under-etch risk in ICs.
A multi-step staircase input captures more low-frequency impedance points in one measurement, improving battery condition diagnosis accuracy.