328results about "Ketenes preparation" patented technology

The present invention provides a process for producing nano graphene platelets (NGPs) that are both dispersible and electrically conducting. The process comprises: (a) preparing a pristine NGP material from a graphitic material; and (b) subjecting the pristine NGP material to an oxidation treatment to obtain the dispersible NGP material, wherein the NGP material has an oxygen content no greater than 25% by weight. Conductive NGPs can find applications in transparent electrodes for solar cells or flat panel displays, additives for battery and supercapacitor electrodes, conductive nanocomposite for electromagnetic wave interference (EMI) shielding and static charge dissipation, etc.

The invention provides a method of producing a graphene material from a starting graphitic material. In an embodiment, the method comprises: (a) dispersing the starting graphitic material in a liquid medium to form a graphite suspension; and (b) introducing the graphite suspension into a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor that generates and collapses cavitation or bubbles in the liquid medium to exfoliate and separate graphene planes from the starting graphitic material for producing the graphene material. The process is fast (minutes as opposed to hours or days of conventional processes), environmentally benign, and highly scalable. The reactor can concurrently perform the functions of graphene production, chemical functionalization, dispersion, and mixing with a polymer to make a composite.

A novel organophosphorus composition and synthesis thereof, the composition being characterized by one phosphite moiety, one phosoxophite moiety, and a plurality of sterically bulky substituents. The novel composition finds utility as a ligand in Group VIII transition metal phosoxophite complex catalysts and complex catalyst precursors that are used in carbonylation processes, preferably, hydroformylation processes. Additionally, there is disclosed a novel method of preparing a phosphoromonochloridite composition that finds utility as a precursor to the novel phosoxophite composition.

The present invention is directed generally to a method of production of biobased chemicals, biofuels, and lignin residues from lignin sources, including waste lignin. This method may allow for selectively producing biobased chemicals, biofuels, and lignin residues from lignin sources using certain processing methods. The methods for production of these biobased chemicals, biofuels, and lignin residues may be provided by chemical-induced processing, catalytic oxidative lignin depolymerisation processing, and catalytic hydroprocessing. Further, the catalytic hydroprocessing from processes including catalytic reduction processing, catalytic hydrodeoxygenation processing, and / or catalytic / dehydrogenation processing may also be used. The method described herein also provides a means in which waste from the process(es) may be reduced and / or recycled.

A process for the conversion of biomass to a liquid fuel is presented. The process includes the production of diesel and naphtha boiling point range fuels by hydrotreating and hydrocracking of lignin in the biomass in a one step process.

An organosolv process for producing bio-products by decomposing lignocellulosic materials comprises providing an initial lignin solvent with water, an acid, and a lignin dissolving chemical comprising at least one of an organic ester, butyl acetate, an organic furan, and furfural. The process also includes placing the lignin solvent in contact with a biomass to form a circulation solvent, and recycling at least a portion of the circulation solvent by circulating the circulation solvent back into contact with the biomass. The circulating of the circulation solvent occurs for a period of time, after which, the process then includes separating material such as chemicals and lignin from the circulation solvent. The chemicals can be recycled as new solvent or sold while lignin can be used as natural and renewable colorant for polymers such as poly lactic acid.

The present invention relates to improved alditol acetal compositions, in particular 1,3-2,4-di(benzylidene) sorbitol (DBS) or one of its alkylated derivatives.The improvement in these compositions is expressed in particular in terms of flow behavior and / or thermal stability. It is obtained by combining the alditol acetal with an additive selected from tocopherols, polyols and certain of their respective derivatives.These additives may act as binding or densifying agents and / or stabilizing agents or odor maskers.The alditol acetal and additive are advantageously combined by cold mixing, followed by granulation or compaction, also cold.The compositions of the invention, for example based on DBS or the methylated derivatives of DBS, are in the form of densified or compacted powders, granules, pellets, pastilles or extrudates.They are used in particular for preparing plastic or jellified materials or additives for these types of materials.

Methods and compositions are provided for synthesizing ionic liquids from lignin derived compounds comprising: contacting a starting material comprising lignin with a depolymerization agent to depolymerize the lignin and form a mixture of aldehyde containing compounds; contacting the mixture of aldehyde containing compounds with an amine under conditions suitable to convert the mixture of aldehyde containing compounds to a mixture of amine containing compounds; and contacting the mixture of amine containing compounds with an acid under conditions suitable to form an ammonium salt, thereby preparing the ionic liquid.

A method for utilizing woody biomass components, namely cellulose, hemicellose, and lignin, and converting them to value-added biobased chemical products is described herein. The present method provides treatments to obtain a plurality of component streams from woody biomass for producing derivative products while minimizing waste products.

A mixed metal oxide Mo-V-Ga-Pd-Nb-X (where X=La, Te, Ge, Zn, Si, In or W) catalytic system providing a higher selectivity to acrylic acid in the low temperature partial oxidation of propane with a molecular oxygen-containing gas.

A fatty acid alkyl ester of the general formula I:and acrolein are prepared by reacting a triglyceride of the general formula II:wherein a) the triglyceride is reacted using an alcohol R′—OH in the presence of a catalyst to give said fatty acid alkyl ester and glycerol; and b) the glycerol is dehydrated catalytically to acrolein, wherein R is R1, R2 and R3, and R1, R2 and R3 are all the same or some are the same or all are different and are each a straight-chain or branched, and optionally mono- or polyunsaturated C10-C30-alkyl radical, and R′ is a C1-C10-alkyl radical or a C3-C6-cycloalkyl radical.

A hydrogenation catalyst and a method of hydrogenating a hydrocarbon compound as a substrate using the same are provided. The hydrogenation catalyst includes inorganic nanoparticles and a nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide support for supporting the inorganic nanoparticles, and the hydrocarbon compound is derived from a biomass and contains a functional group. Therefore, the hydrogenation catalyst which exhibits a high conversion rate and high selectivity, is stable, and can be easily separated after a hydrogenation reaction, and whose catalytic activities are not significantly altered even when recovered and repeatedly recycled can be provided. The method of hydrogenating a hydrocarbon compound in which hydrogen can be directly produced in a reactor using formic acid as a hydrogen source without supplying additional hydrogen gas and simultaneously be used under normal pressure can also be provided.

Novel fluorophosphite compounds having the structure of general formula (I):where Ar1 and Ar2 are aryl groups containing 4 to 30 carbon atoms; R1 to R6 are H or alkyl or aryl hydrocarbon radicals containing 1 to 40 carbon atoms; and X is a connecting group or a simple chemical bond, were developed and found to be very active for hydroformylation processes for ethylenically unsaturated substrates. Catalyst solutions prepared from these compounds with a Rh metal show an unusual “ligand acceleration effect” for simple alkenes, i.e., the hydroformylation activity increases as the concentration of ligand increases, and are capable of producing linear or branched aldehydes under typical hydroformylation conditions.

A fatty acid alkyl ester of the general formula I:and acrolein are prepared by reacting a triglyceride of the general formula II:wherein a) the triglyceride is reacted using an alcohol R′—OH in the presence of a catalyst to give said fatty acid alkyl ester and glycerol; and b) the glycerol is dehydrated catalytically to acrolein, wherein R is R1, R2 and R3, and R1, R2 and R3 are all the same or some are the same or all are different and are each a straight-chain or branched, and optionally mono- or polyunsaturated C10-C30-alkyl radical, and R′ is a C1-C10-alkyl radical or a C3-C6-cycloalkyl radical.

A method for oxidizing an alcohol, wherein oxidation is performed in the presence of a compound represented by the following formula (I) and a bulk oxidant, which enables efficient oxidation of secondary alcohols as well as primary alcohols, and can attain high reaction efficiency even when air is used as a bulk oxidant.

The present invention relates to an improved process for the production of benzaldehyde with 40-50% selectivity comprising by catalytic liquid phase air oxidation of toluene. The process involves providing a continuous flow of air in the presence of a catalyst such as salts of Fe, Co, Mo and Ni, and preferably a co-catalyst such as salts of manganese or copper, a promoter which may also be a bromine source, and a carboxylic acid solvent selected from the group consisting of acetic, propionic, benzoic acids ranging between 0.05 to 0.3 wt. times with respect to toluene, at a temperature ranging between 60-130° C. and pressures in the range of 1-10 bars for a period of 0.5-1.5 hours to obtain benzaldehyde (40-50%) along with other by-products.

A method for utilizing biomass components, namely cellulose, hemicellose, and lignin, and converting them to value-added biobased chemical products is described herein. The present method provides treatments to obtain a plurality of component streams from biomass for producing derivative products while minimizing waste products.

A para-methoxy protected benzaldehyde useful in preparation of treprostinil, and of formula: (Formula (1)) is prepared by subjecting to Claisen re-arrangement a substituted benzaldehyde of formula (1a): (Formula (Ia)) to form the m-hydroxy-substituted benzaldehyde of formula (1b): (Formula (Ib)) and then reacting compound (1b) with a p-methoxybenzyl (PMB) compound to form a PMB-substituted benzaldehyde of formula (1).

A method of oxidizing an organic alcohol, wherein the organic alcohol is contacted with a stoichiometric excess of oxygen in the presence of an effective catalytic amount of a manganese-containing octahedral molecular sieve or octahedral layer. Primary alcohols are selectively oxidized to aldehydes, and secondary alcohols are selectively oxidized to ketones.

A heterocyclic compound represented by formula (1) and a field effect transistor having a semiconductor layer comprising the compound. (In the formula, X1 and X2 each independently represents a sulfur atom or a selenium atom, and R1 and R2 each independently represents a C5-16 alkyl.)

The present disclosure provides a series of new and improved porous polyamide aerogels derived from multifunctional aromatics that combine the high mechanical strength of aramids with the pore structure of aerogels. The polyamide aerogels have a hyperbranched structure, relatively low density, high porosity and may be derived from functionalized monomers having more aromatic groups than functional groups. The present disclosure also provides a new method for producing the porous polyamide aerogels by polymerizing an aromatic multifunctional carboxylic acid or a ferrocene multifunctional carboxylic acid with a polyfunctional aromatic isocyanate at moderate reaction conditions followed by drying with liquid CO2. Also disclosed are various methods of use of these polyamide aerogels in a variety of applications, particularly in the generation of various precious metal catalysts. Thus, monolithic nanoporous carbon-supported Fe, Au, Pt, Pd, Co, Ni, Ru, and Rh catalysts are disclosed herein, which are derived by pyrolysis and transmetalation via galvanic replacement of ferrocene-based polyamide aerogels.

The disclosure relates to novel cycloalkylphenyl-substituted cyclic ketoenols of the formula (I)in whichJ, X, Y, m and CKE are as defined above,to processes and intermediates for their preparation and to their use as pesticides and / or herbicides.Moreover, the disclosure relates to selective herbicidal compositions comprising, firstly, the cycloalkylphenyl-substituted cyclic ketoenols and, secondly, a crop plant compatibility-improving compound.The disclosure furthermore relates to increasing the activity of crop protection compositions comprising compounds of the formula (I) by adding ammonium or phosphonium salts and, if appropriate, penetrants.

The Cobalt Flash Process is modified by replacing formic acid with acetic acid as process acid. Efficiency using acetic acid as process acid is achieved by two improvements which may be added separately and independently: (1) separation of acetic acid and water from the condensate distilled off in the cobalt salt concentration stage; and (2) removal of formic acid from the system by reaction with the product alcohol in the preformer.

A method for making a carbon nanotube metal composite includes the following steps. A number of carbon nanotubes is dispersed in a solvent to obtain a suspension. Metal powder is added into the suspension, and then the suspension agitated. The suspension containing the metal powder is allowed to stand for a while. The solvent is reduced to obtain a mixture of the number of carbon nanotubes and the metal powder.

The invention relates to a method for enriching a homogenous catalyst from a process flow comprising said homogenous catalyst as a component, wherein the process flow is conducted over at least one membrane and wherein the membrane wholly or partially comprises a polymer that has planar polymer units connected to one another via a rigid link and wherein the linker is contorted, such that at least one planar polymer unit is connected to at least one second planar polymer unit via the link, in a non-co-planar arrangement. The invention furthermore relates to a method for producing tridecanal.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of high purity and yield alpha-asarone, trans 2,4,5-trimethoxy cinnamaldehyde, 2,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl propionone, from beta-asarone or beta-asarone rich Acorus calamus oil containing alpha and gamma-asarone by hydrogenating, followed by treatment with DDQ with or without solid support of silica gel or alumina in dry organic solvent and alpha-asarone can also be obtained by treating the hydrogenated product of beta-asarone or beta-asarone rich Acorus calamus with DDQ in an aqueous organic solvent to obtain an intermediate 2,4,5-trimethoxy phenyl propionone, which in turn is reduced with sodiumborohydride to obtain the corresponding 2,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl propanol and followed by final treatment with a dehydrating agent.