The invention relates to a two-direction perception adaptive robot finger device with a closed-ring flexible piece and a control method of the two-direction perception adaptive robot finger device. The two-direction perception adaptive robot finger device comprises a base, two finger sections, two joint shafts, a driver, a flexible transmission piece, a sensor, a control module, a motor driving module and the like. The two-direction perception adaptive robot finger device realizes four grabbing modes: (1) a mode that the two-way perception adaptive robot finger device performs forward-direction parallel clamping and grabbing; (2) a mode that the two-way perception adaptive robot finger device firstly performs forward-direction parallel clamping and then performs adaptive grabbing; (3) a mode that the two-way perception adaptive robot finger device performs reverse-direction parallel clamping and grabbing; and (4) a mode that the two-way perception adaptive robot finger device firstly performs reverse-direction clamping and then performs adaptive grabbing; therefore, the unidirection adaptive grabbing effect of a conventional perception adaptive finger is achieved, and the two-direction adaptive grabbing effect and the two-direction parallel clamping and grabbing effect, which are not achieved by the conventional perception adaptive finger, are also achieved by the two-direction perception adaptive robot finger device; the grabbing range is large, the grabbing process is stable, the grabbing force is controllable, and a transmission chain is short; when the two-direction perception adaptive robot finger device is used for grabbing different objects, reprogramming is not needed, and the two-direction perception adaptive robot finger device is simple and convenient to use; and the two-direction perception adaptive robot finger device can realize high dexterity, high adaptability, high reliability, high stability and low control difficulty, and is suitable for a robot hand.