The environment-friendly fireproof coating is prepared from the following raw materials: intercalated phase-change energy storage material modified core-shell emulsion, low-molecular-weight epoxy resin, phenolic fibers, a flame retardant, pigments and fillers, a plasticizer, a thickener, a flexibilizer, an emulsifier and a dispersing agent; the intercalated phase change energy storage material modified core-shell emulsion is a bentonite-urea intercalation compound modified acrylate core-shell emulsion; the low-molecular-weight epoxy resin is low-molecular-weight bisphenol F epoxy resin, and the average molecular weight of the low-molecular-weight epoxy resin is less than 700. According to the invention, the components are adjusted to the most scientific and most reasonable state; related properties and part of technical indexes such as flame retardance, rust resistance, waterproofness, leveling property and strength of the fireproof coating are improved, the cost is low, the coating isuniform, continuous, compact and wear-resistant; the toughness, coloring property, adhesiveness, dryness, certain gloss and other properties of the coating are improved, and the product quality is improved.