This invention discloses an
antimicrobial peptide, HlHepcidin, derived from *Hemibarbus labeo*, and its application in regulating fish gut microbiota and preventing *
Aeromonas hydrophila* infection. The
antimicrobial peptide comprises the
amino acid sequence QSHLSLCRYCCNCCRNKGCGYCCKF shown in SEQ ID NO:1, or a functional variant retaining
antimicrobial activity and / or fish gut microbiota regulation activity. This invention further provides a
nucleic acid molecule encoding the
peptide, a
recombinant expression vector, engineered
bacteria or host cells, a preparation method, a composition containing the antimicrobial peptide, and its applications. The antimicrobial peptide exhibits inhibitory activity against various
aquaculture-related
bacteria and can be used to restore the diversity and
community composition of fish gut microbiota after *
Aeromonas hydrophila* infection. The antimicrobial peptide or composition can be prepared as a
feed additive, bath agent,
water treatment agent, spray, injection, or other
aquaculture product, thereby providing a green technology solution for the prevention and control of bacterial diseases in fish and reducing
antibiotic use.