The invention discloses a thyroid organoid culture medium and a thyroid organoid culture and passage method. The thyroid organ culture medium comprises an Advanced DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium) / F12 culture medium and the following components: B-27, N-acetylcysteine, nicotinamide, R-spondin1 recombinant protein, head protein, Wnt-3a, an epidermal growth factor, A83-01, a thyroid stimulating hormone, hydrocortisone, insulin, a fibroblast growth factor-10 and Y27632. The thyroid stimulating hormone, the hydrocortisone and the insulin are innovatively added into the thyroid organ culture medium, the thyroid organ formation can be remarkably promoted by adding the thyroid stimulating hormone, the cell proliferation and growth effect can be effectively promoted by adding the hydrocortisone, the clone formation rate can be increased, and the culture medium has the advantages that the cost is reduced; by adding insulin, the dryness of cells can be maintained, the passage efficiency is improved, and the thyroid organ culture medium can be used for culturing thyroid organs very well.