The invention provides an HLA-B*5801 genetype rapid detection kit based on a POCT mode. The kit at least contains fluorogenic quantitative PCR primers and probes (SEQ ID NO:1-4) as well as a cell lysis solution, and can further comprise dNTPs, DNA polymerase, Mg<2+>, a reaction buffer, a standard positive template, a sampling bar, a sample collecting tube and the like, wherein the fluorogenic quantitative PCR primers and the probes are used for detecting the HLA-B*5801 (rs9263726) genetypes. The kit can realize instant detection, DNA purification is not needed, a sample can be directly added into a reagent for carrying out a PCR reaction, the kit is particularly suitable for rapidly and accurately detecting samples (such as shedding buccal cells) with low content of DNA, the detection accuracy rate achieves 99% or above, the detection sensitivity is high, and genomic DNA of which the amount is as low as 0.125ng can be accurately detected; and the whole detection consumes short time, adetection result can be obtained within 1h, an administration basis can be provided for a doctor at first time, and thus the administration risk of patients is reduced.