The invention provides a kit, which can rapidly, conveniently, precisely, and economically detect the mitochondrial DNA T3394C mutation related with the LEBER disease. The kit is composed of mixed liquid DNA extracts, a PCR mixed solution containing amplified T3394C sections, a pair of outer primers, a pair of inner primers, restriction endonuclease, positive control and negative control. Genome DNA can be rapidly extract from a blood sample, hairs with hair follicles, an oral mucosa doctor-bar, saliva, or the like, while in a conventional method, DNA must be extracted from the blood of an idiopathic Leber patient, thus the pains of the patient is relieved, the problem of trans-area sample delivering is solved, cleavage specificity is improved, false negative results are avoided, and the stability of detection results is improved. The detection kit is rapid, convenient, precise and economic, and can be applied to large-scale screening and preventive inspection of mtDNA T3394C mutation related with Leber disease.