The invention provides a preparation method of a chiral 1, 4-diphenyl-2-hydroxyl-1, 4-dibutanone compound. The method comprises the following steps: in the presence of a chiral metal compound, mixing silyl enol ether and phenylacetaldehyde monohydrate or substituted phenylacetaldehyde monohydrate in a solvent and performing action to obtain the chiral 1, 4-diphenyl-2-hydroxy-1, 4-dibutanone compound, wherein the reaction equation is as shown in the formula 1; R1 of silyl enol ether is of a phenyl or furan structure, a substituent R2 in substituted phenyl glyoxal monohydrate is selected from one or more of hydrogen atoms, halogen, methyl, methoxyl, nitryl and trifluoromethyl, and the substituent is at the ortho-position, meta-position or para-position of a benzene ring. The chiral metal compound can efficiently and highly enantioselectively catalyze the asymmetric Mukaiyama aldol reaction of the phenylacetaldehyde monohydrate compound, a new method for synthesizing the 1, 4-diphenyl-2-hydroxy-1, 4-dibutanone compound is provided, the problem that conditions are harsh in the original reaction is solved, and the chiral metal compound is more environmentally friendly.