A wind-proof and sand-fixing system for railway protection ecology

Abstract

A system for preventing wind and fixing sand from entering the railway protection ecological environment, in the field of railway protection construction technology, the invention comprises: a sand fixing belt, an inner sand falling belt, a windproof green belt, an outer sand falling belt and a sand blocking belt arranged in sequence from the railway boundary to the outside; the sand fixing belt is composed of a sand fixing wall, a sand fixing grid chamber and a sand fixing sand ditch; the sand blocking belt is composed of an inner sand blocking wall, a sand retaining wall, a sand blocking grid chamber, an outer sand blocking wall and a sand blocking sand ditch. The invention overcomes the deficiencies of existing synthetic materials in terms of aging resistance, light resistance, cold resistance, environmental resistance and durability, and achieves the purpose of inhibiting wind erosion and fixing quicksand, ensuring that the railway is protected from sand disasters during operation, and forming comprehensive technical measures such as sand blocking, sand fixing and vegetation coverage to achieve a long-term mechanism for preventing wind and fixing sand. The invention is used in wind and sand control projects along railways.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an ecological windbreak and sand fixation system for railway protection, belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration railway protection windbreak and sand fixation, and relates to the technical field of railway protection construction. Background Art

[0002] Sandstorm hazards have always been a factor that plagues road construction and safe operation in sandy areas. China is the country with the longest railway mileage in sandy areas in the world. The construction of national railway extensions is inseparable from the passage of desert areas. Sandstorm control of railway extensions has become a problem that must be solved for road construction and safe operation. There are eight major desert areas in my country, and there are road extensions in these areas. Traditional control methods can temporarily control sandstorm hazards, but have disadvantages such as short maintenance cycles, high maintenance costs, and frequent emergencies. With the opening of high-speed rail extensions, the frequency of railway transportation has increased and the speed of operation has accelerated. For sandstorm prevention and control, there is an urgent need for a long maintenance cycle and to reduce emergencies. Long-term control of sandstorms on railway extensions in deserts or Gobi areas is needed to achieve the purpose of long-term control.

[0003] There are several traditional wind and sand control structures:

[0004] Earth grid: local materials can be used. For areas with heavy wind and sand in the Gobi Desert, only mixing water and wind and sand curing agent need to be transported out for construction. Its disadvantage is that water trucks must be used to pull water during construction to soak all the sand on site, so as to pile up earth grids. After piling, 2-3 times of curing agent 2.5KG / ㎡ (specific surface area) should be sprayed quickly. Otherwise, the water will be lost and the shape of the earth grid will be lost. When watering, the original ground vegetation will inevitably be crushed. In addition, it is difficult for water trucks to drive in the sand and it is not easy to operate. The sand ridges solidified by curing agents can only harden the surface 1-4cm thick. They are easily damaged by animal disturbance and need to be repaired again. In areas with water flow, earth grids cannot resist water flow erosion. The earth grids in areas where water flows are easily filled and no longer have the function of preventing sand.

[0005] Stone grid: Stone masonry does not pollute the environment, does not use any chemical agents or chemical products, and after experiencing sandstorms, the stone grids filled with sandstorms only need to be dug out manually and rebuilt, without the need to add additional stone materials. The stone grids can withstand small rain erosion. The disadvantage is that the stone on site needs to be evenly distributed by a loader, which can easily damage the existing vegetation on site. In addition, the stone transported to the site must be manually broken into pieces before stacking, which is less efficient in plateau areas. Due to the small size of the stone grid structure, the bottom is only 28cm, the top is 10cm, and the height is 30cm, so the dry-laid stone grid is not strong and easy to collapse. If it is disturbed by animals, the shape is easily destroyed.

[0006] Reed grid: The installation and construction speed is fast, and the original vegetation can be basically maintained. It can be completed manually without large equipment. It is low-cost and pollution-free. It can maintain moisture in areas with a little moisture on the surface, which is conducive to the growth of other vegetation. Its disadvantages are that there is a lack of reeds in the area. A large number of reeds need to be purchased from Korla, Xinjiang or Ningxia, and the transportation distance is long. In places with strong winds and sand and relatively dry, the service life is short, and it is basically buried by wind and sand in two or three years.

[0007] The causes and impacts of wind and sand hazards in China's eight major desert regions vary depending on the regional environment. Some typical sections of sand hazards are mainly seasonal river valley sand hazards. The sand sea in the Tuotuo River section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is mainly carried to the riverbed terraces by seasonal floods in the upper reaches of the river in the flood season. In the dry season, the sand material is exposed and transported onto the track under the action of wind. Therefore, in the process of preventing and controlling railway sand hazards, attention should be paid to intercepting the upstream sand source from entering the river valley and preventing the transportation of riverbed sand sources. Lake basin sand hazards. The Cona Lake section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a piedmont alluvial plain with an open terrain. It is the section with the most serious wind and sand hazards along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the section with the longest potential sand hazards. There are quicksand distributions within two kilometers of the railway. In the windy season, the railway is severely affected by wind and sand hazards. High-concentration wind and sand / grinding flow environment sand hazards are mainly concentrated in the Gobi region. Research on wind and sand in the Gobi region has always attracted much attention, and the research direction mainly focuses on the Gobi wind and sand flow structure, velocity profile, energy distribution, aerodynamic characteristic parameters, etc. The reciprocating energy exchange and material transport of wind and sand in the Gobi region have resulted in complex near-surface wind erosion, accumulation and their interactive processes. Especially in the border area between desert and Gobi, under the conditions of complex wind conditions and differential supply of sand sources, the movement law and disaster-causing mechanism of wind and sand on the Gobi surface are very different from those on the sandy surface. In the environment of strong winds and relatively insufficient sand sources in the Gobi, the relationship between the near-surface wind erosion process, friction velocity and sand transport flux is complex. In the past, mechanical sand control caused sand sources to accumulate on both sides of the railway line in the Gobi region. As the wind direction changes, it moves back and forth on both sides of the line, threatening driving safety.

[0008] In summary, the existing railway wind-proof and sand-fixing systems have problems such as unsatisfactory sand-blocking and sand-fixing effects, short effective service life and non-reusability. Summary of the invention

[0009] The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are:

[0010] In order to solve the problems of the existing railway wind-proof and sand-fixing systems, such as unsatisfactory sand-blocking and sand-fixing effects, short effective service life and non-reusability, the present invention provides a railway protection ecological wind-proof and sand-fixing system.

[0011] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is:

[0012] The present invention provides a wind-proof and sand-fixing system for railway protection ecology, comprising: a sand-fixing belt, an inner sand-falling belt, a wind-proof green belt, an outer sand-falling belt and a sand-blocking belt, which are arranged in sequence from the railway boundary to the outside;

[0013] The sand-fixing belt is composed of a sand-fixing wall, a sand-fixing cell and a sand-fixing ditch;

[0014] The sand-fixing wall is a honeycomb cell stacked wall;

[0015] The honeycomb cell stacking wall includes a main body and an outer net covering the two sides and the upper surface of the main body. The main body is formed by stacking multiple layers of honeycomb cells from bottom to top, and its end face is in a trapezoidal shape. The two sides of the honeycomb cell stacking wall are in a step shape, and the outer net is a honeycomb cell net; each layer of the honeycomb cell layer is composed of a honeycomb cell net and crushed stones or sand filled in the mesh;

[0016] The sand-fixing cells are single-layer honeycomb cells, which completely cover the sand-fixing wall to form the outer shell of the sand-fixing wall and are paved along the ground plane to both sides of the sand-fixing wall;

[0017] A water retaining agent is sprinkled in the sand-fixing room, and sand-fixing plants are planted at the bottom of the sand-fixing room;

[0018] The sand-fixing ditch is arranged on the far railway side of the sand-fixing cell;

[0019] The inner sand falling zone and the outer sand falling zone are both sand falling cells arranged horizontally along the ground; the structure, fillings and sand-fixing plants of the sand falling cells are the same as those of the sand-fixing cells;

[0020] The windbreak green belt is the horizontal ground between the inner sand falling belt and the outer sand falling belt, where green plants are planted on the ground;

[0021] The sand-blocking belt is composed of an inner sand-blocking wall, a sand-retaining wall, a sand-blocking cell, an outer sand-blocking wall and a sand-blocking ditch;

[0022] The sand retaining wall has the same shape as the sand fixing wall;

[0023] The sand-blocking cell of the sand-blocking belt has the same structure as the sand-fixing cell of the sand-fixing belt;

[0024] The inner sand-blocking wall and the outer sand-blocking wall are both sand-blocking walls; the inner sand-blocking wall is arranged on the side of the sand-fixing cell of the sand-blocking belt close to the railway; the outer sand-blocking wall is arranged at the topmost position of the sand-blocking wall;

[0025] The sand-blocking ditch is arranged on the far railway side of the sand-fixing grid chamber of the sand-blocking belt.

[0026] For the honeycomb cells of the sand-fixing wall, reinforcing anchors are installed every two layers; the length of the reinforcing anchors is 3 times the height of the honeycomb cells.

[0027] The sand-fixing plants are herbaceous plants suitable for growing in desert areas; and the greening plants are woody plants suitable for growing in desert areas.

[0028] The sand-fixing cells are composed of two groups of honeycomb cell groups, and two adjacent groups of honeycomb cell groups are connected at two groups of connections between the two groups; the honeycomb cell group is composed of a plurality of cell blocks, and adjacent cell blocks are connected by keys.

[0029] The water retaining agent is acrylamide-acrylate copolymer cross-linked material or starch grafted acrylate copolymer cross-linked material.

[0030] The height of the sand-fixing wall is 1.5 to 2.5 meters; the height of the honeycomb cells is 10 to 30 centimeters (each layer height); the heights of the inner sand-blocking wall and the outer sand-blocking wall are both above 1.5 meters; the depths of the sand-fixing ditch and the sand-blocking ditch are both above 1 meter.

[0031] The inner sand resistance wall and the outer sand resistance wall are plastic nets with a porosity of 40% to 60%.

[0032] The sand-fixing wall is an independent sand-fixing wall, which adopts honeycomb cells made of polymer alloy materials, and the wall body is a trapezoidal structure; the sand retaining wall and the sand-fixing wall adopt the same structure. The reason why the honeycomb cells made of polymer alloy materials are used is that the existing synthetic materials are insufficient in terms of aging resistance, light resistance, cold resistance, environmental resistance and durability, and cannot achieve the purpose of suppressing wind erosion and fixing quicksand. It cannot effectively protect the railway from sand disasters during operation, and form comprehensive technical measures such as sand blocking, sand fixation, and vegetation coverage to achieve a long-term mechanism for wind and sand prevention. The existing synthetic materials are insufficient in terms of aging resistance, light resistance, cold resistance, environmental resistance and durability, which affects their service life.

[0033] The sand retaining wall is formed by the accumulation of sand dams.

[0034] The lower part of the sand-fixing wall is a base layer; the honeycomb cells of the base layer are filled with crushed stone and gravel, with a volume ratio of 1:1;

[0035] The upper part of the sand-fixing wall is a structural layer; the honeycomb cells of the structural layer are filled with original landform sand or sand.

[0036] A waterproof layer is arranged between the base layer and the structural layer, and a geomembrane or an anti-seepage membrane is used to completely separate the base layer from the structural layer.

[0037] The present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0038] The present invention uses means such as sand prevention, slow sand removal, and sand fixation in combination with plants to prevent wind and fix sand. It can ensure that the railway is free from sand disasters during operation. Furthermore, the present invention uses polymer alloy materials as sand fixation materials to ensure the long-term effectiveness of sand prevention projects. By restoring surface vegetation, it is possible to achieve a beautiful scenery of greening along the railway in desert areas; and through vegetation greening, the purpose of ecological desert control can be achieved. Compared with the simple vegetation greening solution, the construction cost and construction period can be greatly reduced. The technical solution of the present invention is based on the consideration of traditional solutions, utilizing the long-term stability of new materials, light resistance, cold resistance, and environmental resistance, combined with new construction technology to create a new structure for controlling sand damage along the railway in deserts or Gobi areas.

[0039] The present invention proposes a wind-proof and sand-fixing system for railway protection ecology. The present invention adopts a new type of polymer synthetic material, which is assemblable and overcomes the deficiencies of existing synthetic materials in terms of anti-aging, light resistance, cold resistance, environmental resistance and durability. The service life of the material is greatly extended, and the specific service life can reach 20 years, which is 4 to 7 times the service life of the currently used materials of 3-5 years, thereby ensuring the long-term use effectiveness of the sand control project. The present invention realizes the principles of high performance, environmental protection and ecology of sand-proof and sand-fixing materials, and by increasing the surface roughness, changing the wind speed profile thereon, affecting the loss and redistribution of wind energy, thereby reducing the wind speed of the ground layer and reducing the effectiveness of the actual wind force, thereby achieving the purpose of suppressing wind erosion and fixing quicksand, ensuring that the railway is protected from sand disasters during operation, and forming comprehensive technical measures such as sand blocking, sand fixation, and vegetation coverage to achieve a long-term mechanism for wind-proof and sand fixation.

[0040] The system structure of the present invention has the means of conserving water sources, increasing ground roughness, changing wind direction, reducing wind speed, etc., so as to increase the survival rate of vegetation, thereby achieving the purpose of short-term sand blocking and long-term biological sand fixation. The risks of wind erosion and sand burial of the railway extension caused by wind and sand are greatly reduced. The present invention is used in the wind and sand control project along the railway. The present invention is reasonably designed, easy to implement, and has good practical value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the ecological wind-proof and sand-fixing system for railway protection according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 for Figure 1 sectional view of

[0043] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sand fixation belt in a specific implementation manner of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4It is a structural schematic diagram of the sand fixation wall in a specific implementation manner of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sand-fixing ditch in a specific implementation manner of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inner sand falling belt, the windbreak green belt and the outer sand falling belt in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of the inner sand-falling belt and the wind-proof green belt in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 8 It is a cross-sectional view of the windbreak green belt and the outer sand falling belt in the specific implementation manner of the present invention;

[0049] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sand-blocking belt in a specific implementation manner of the present invention;

[0050] Fig.10 for Fig. 9 Cross-sectional view of .

[0051] In the figure: 1. Sand-fixing chamber; 2. Foundation layer; 3. Structural layer; 4. Waterproof layer; 5. Reinforcement anchor rod; 6. Two sets of connections; 7. Connector; 8. Sand-falling chamber; 9. Internal sand-blocking wall; 10. External sand-blocking wall; 11. Sand retaining wall.

[0052] The dimensions marked in the accompanying drawings are only an example of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solution claimed in the claims of the present invention. The extension lengths of the sand fixation belt, inner sand falling belt, windbreak green belt, outer sand falling belt and sand blocking belt in the system of the present invention may vary according to the actual situation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and implementation examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0054] The present invention proposes a railway protection ecological wind and sand fixation system, which is respectively arranged on the horizontal ground on both sides of the railway, or only arranged on the horizontal ground on the main wind direction side of both sides of the railway. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it includes the sand fixation belt, inner sand falling belt, windbreak green belt, outer sand falling belt and sand blocking belt which are arranged in sequence from the railway boundary outwards;

[0055] The sand-fixing belt is Figure 3 As shown, it is composed of a sand-fixing wall, a sand-fixing chamber 1 and a sand-fixing ditch;

[0056] The sand consolidation wall is Figure 4 As shown, it is an independent sand-fixing wall with a height of 1.5 to 2.5 meters. It is made of a honeycomb cell stacking wall made of a polymer alloy material, and the wall is a trapezoidal structure;

[0057] The lower part of the sand-fixing wall is a foundation layer 2; the honeycomb cells of the foundation layer 2 are filled with crushed stones and gravel, with a volume ratio of 1:1;

[0058] The upper part of the sand-fixing wall is a structural layer 3; the honeycomb cells of the structural layer 3 are filled with original landform sand or sand; the original landform sand or sand can be used to obtain local materials, which is convenient for construction and saves costs.

[0059] A waterproof layer 4 is provided between the base layer 2 and the structural layer 3, and a geomembrane or an anti-seepage membrane is used to completely separate the base layer 2 from the structural layer 3;

[0060] For the honeycomb cells of the sand-fixing wall, a reinforcing anchor 5 is installed every two layers; the length of the reinforcing anchor 5 is 3 times the height of the honeycomb cell;

[0061] The sand fixation cell 1 completely covers the sand fixation wall to form the outer shell of the sand fixation wall, and is paved 3 to 5 meters along the ground plane to both sides of the sand fixation wall;

[0062] The sand-fixing cell 1 is a single-layer honeycomb cell, which is composed of two groups of honeycomb cell groups, and two adjacent groups of honeycomb cell groups are connected at two groups of connecting points 6 between the two groups; the honeycomb cell group is composed of a plurality of cell blocks, and the adjacent cell blocks are connected by a key 7;

[0063] The height of the honeycomb cells is 10-30 cm;

[0064] The sand-fixing cell 1 is sprinkled with a water-retaining agent, and sand-fixing plants are planted at the bottom of the sand-fixing cell 1; there is no other filler in the cell, and the cavity in the sand-fixing cell is filled with sand brought by strong wind to play a role in sand fixation. The sand-fixing plants are herbaceous plants suitable for growing in desert areas, such as Artemisia ordosica, Alpinia alkali, Convolvulus thornii, Camel thorn, Typhus rotundus, Allium sandii, Achnatherum splendens, etc.

[0065] The water retaining agent is acrylamide-acrylate copolymer cross-linked material, such as polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate, ammonium polyacrylate, etc.; or a starch grafted acrylate copolymer cross-linked material, such as starch grafted acrylate.

[0066] The sand-fixing ditch is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, it is arranged on the far railway side of the sand-fixing chamber 1, and the depth is more than 1 meter;

[0067] The inner sand falling zone and the outer sand falling zone are as follows Figure 6-8As shown, the sand-falling chamber 8 is horizontally arranged along the ground; the structure of the sand-falling chamber 8, the water-retaining agent and the sand-fixing plants sprinkled therein are the same as those of the sand-fixing chamber 1;

[0068] The windbreak green belt is as follows Figure 6-8 As shown, it is the horizontal ground between the inner sand-falling belt and the outer sand-falling belt, where green plants are planted on the ground; the green plants are woody plants suitable for growing in desert areas, such as Populus euphratica, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Tamarisk, Tamarix salsa, Haloxylon ammodendron, Croton regia, Calligonum mongolica, Nitraria tangutorum, and Salt-clawed claw.

[0069] The sand barrier is as follows Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, it is composed of an inner sand-blocking wall 9, a sand retaining wall 11, a sand-fixing cell, an outer sand-blocking wall 10 and a sand-blocking ditch;

[0070] The sand retaining wall 11 has the same shape as the sand fixing wall; the sand retaining wall 11 and the sand fixing wall have the same structure, or are formed by sand dam accumulation;

[0071] The sand-fixing cell of the sand-blocking belt has the same structure as the sand-fixing cell 1 of the sand-fixing belt;

[0072] The inner sand-blocking wall 9 and the outer sand-blocking wall 10 are both 1.5-meter sand-blocking walls; the inner sand-blocking wall 9 and the outer sand-blocking wall 10 are both plastic nets with a porosity of 40% to 60%. The inner sand-blocking wall 9 is arranged on the railway side of the sand-fixing cell of the sand-blocking belt; the outer sand-blocking wall 10 is arranged at the topmost position of the sand-blocking wall 11;

[0073] The sand blocking ditch is arranged on the far railway side of the sand fixing cell of the sand blocking belt, and has a depth of more than 1 meter, such as 1.2 to 1.5 meters.

Claims

1. A wind and sand fixation system for railway protection ecology, characterized in that: include: The sand-fixing belt, inner sand-falling belt, windbreak green belt, outer sand-falling belt and sand-blocking belt are set out in sequence from the railway boundary to the outside; The sand-fixing belt is composed of a sand-fixing wall, a sand-fixing cell and a sand-fixing ditch; The sand-fixing wall is a honeycomb cell stacked wall; The sand-fixing cells are single-layer honeycomb cells, which completely cover the sand-fixing wall to form the outer shell of the sand-fixing wall and are paved along the ground plane to both sides of the sand-fixing wall; A water retaining agent is sprinkled in the sand-fixing room, and sand-fixing plants are planted at the bottom of the sand-fixing room; The sand-fixing ditch is arranged on the far railway side of the sand-fixing cell; The inner sand falling zone and the outer sand falling zone are both sand falling grid chambers arranged horizontally along the ground; the structure, filling and sand fixing plants of the sand falling grid chamber are the same as those of the sand fixing grid chamber; The windbreak green belt is the horizontal ground between the inner sand falling belt and the outer sand falling belt, where green plants are planted on the ground; The sand-blocking belt is composed of an inner sand-blocking wall, a sand-retaining wall, a sand-blocking cell, an outer sand-blocking wall and a sand-blocking ditch; The sand retaining wall has the same shape as the sand fixing wall; The sand-blocking cell of the sand-blocking belt has the same structure as the sand-fixing cell of the sand-fixing belt; The inner sand-blocking wall and the outer sand-blocking wall are both sand-blocking walls; the inner sand-blocking wall is arranged on the side of the sand-blocking cell of the sand-blocking belt close to the railway; the outer sand-blocking wall is arranged at the topmost position of the sand-blocking wall; The sand-blocking ditch is arranged on the far railway side of the sand-blocking grid chamber of the sand-blocking belt; For the honeycomb cells of the sand-fixing wall, a reinforcement anchor is installed every two layers; the length of the reinforcement anchor is 3 times the height of the honeycomb cell; The sand-fixing plants are herbaceous plants suitable for growing in desert areas; the greening plants are woody plants suitable for growing in desert areas; the water-retaining agent is acrylamide-acrylate copolymer cross-linked material or starch-grafted acrylate copolymer cross-linked material; The sand-fixing cells are composed of two groups of honeycomb cell groups, and the two adjacent groups of honeycomb cell groups are connected at two groups of connections between the two groups; the honeycomb cell group is composed of a plurality of cell blocks, and the adjacent cell blocks are connected by keys; The height of the sand-fixing wall is 1.5 to 2.5 meters; the height of the honeycomb cells is 10-30 centimeters; the heights of the inner sand-blocking wall and the outer sand-blocking wall are both above 1.5 meters; the depths of the sand-fixing ditch and the sand-blocking ditch are both above 1 meter; The sand-fixing wall is an independent sand-fixing wall, and is made of honeycomb cells made of polymer alloy material; The sand retaining wall is formed by the accumulation of sand dams; The lower part of the sand-fixing wall is a foundation layer; the honeycomb cells of the foundation layer are filled with crushed stones and gravel; The upper part of the sand-fixing wall is a structural layer; The honeycomb cells of the structural layer are filled with original landform sand and gravel; A waterproof layer is arranged between the base layer and the structural layer, and the waterproof layer adopts an impermeable membrane to completely separate the base layer from the structural layer.

Images