Grate bars for stepped grates

Abstract

The invention relates to a grate bar front section and a grate bar rear section matched therewith, and a grate bar having the grate bar front section and / or the grate bar rear section. The production cost and maintenance cost are reduced by detachably connecting the grate bar front section and the grate bar rear section.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a grate bar front section and a grate bar rear section matched therewith, and a grate bar having the grate bar front section and / or the grate bar rear section. Background Art

[0002] Waste incineration is a general term for waste treatment processes in which accumulated waste is incinerated. The original volume of the waste is reduced by incineration. One method for waste incineration is grate combustion. In addition, stepped grates and / or feed grates can also be used. The grates usually consist of multiple rows of laterally tensioned grate bars. The different rows of the grates overlap each other, wherein the front section of the corresponding grate bar overlaps the rear section of the grate bar arranged in front in the conveying direction. In this way, a flat step is formed, onto which the waste to be incinerated is pushed forward by a vibrating movement. Depending on the position in the feed grate, the grate bar sections are cooled by air cooling and / or water cooling. It can also be divided laterally into two or more grate tracks.

[0003] EP 3 048 369 B1 discloses a grate bar for a feed grate for waste incineration. The grate bar is made of a ceramic composite material in one piece. For this purpose, the ceramic raw material is poured into a housing whose bottom and side walls are made of metal plates and have a perforated support structure. The grate bar has a grate bar front section for accommodating the combustion product and a rear section that is configured to be fixed to a crossbeam.

[0004] Utility model DE 75 21 218 discloses a grate plate with a base plate, onto the rear end of which a wear strip 5 is pushed. The wear strip engages at its front end in a gap extending in the longitudinal direction of the base plate and surrounds the rear end of the base plate with its rear end.

[0005] In the publication DE 2930406 A, a stepped grate for a clinker cooler is proposed, in which one-piece grate plates are fastened in rows adjacent to one another on a crossbeam. To fasten the grate plates, they are each clamped from below on the crossbeam by means of a clamping bolt. The clamping bolts therefore each have an angled free leg at their upper end, which engages in a complementary hook-shaped recess on the underside of the respective grate plate. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to develop a light, inexpensive grate bar which facilitates processing on grates subject to high thermal and mechanical loads, such as they occur in waste incineration reactors and cement clinker coolers.

[0007] This object is achieved by a grate bar front section and preferably a grate bar rear section complementary thereto. The two sections can be connected to each other to form a grate bar, for example. For example, the grate bar can be designed as a grate bar for a waste incineration grate or a grate bar for a clinker cooling grate and can be used as part of these grates.

[0008] The grate bar front section (hereinafter referred to as "front section") can be mounted on the grate bar rear section (hereinafter referred to as "rear section"), as described in detail below. The front section can be fixed to a support structure, for example to a crossbeam, for example, via the rear section in a manner commonly used to date. Alternatively or optionally, the front section can be attached to an existing rear section or directly to at least one support structure of the grate, for example a crossbeam.

[0009] The front section comprises a refractory mineral material. For example, the front section can be made of or comprise refractory concrete or highly refractory concrete, in particular ceramic. These materials make the front section insensitive to thermal, mechanical and chemical influences (such as heat, friction or corrosion).

[0010] For example, the front section at least substantially (i.e. more than 30%, more preferably more than 50%, preferably more than 75%, more than 85% or more than 90%) consists of a refractory mineral material. In the following, the term "ceramic" is used to represent all refractory mineral materials. The ceramic may be provided with reinforcements, for example made of steel fibers or other fibers, and the front section is preferably made of a monolithic block. Alternatively, only a few centimeters of the top side of the front section may consist of ceramic.

[0011] The front section has a top side, a bottom side, a front side, two narrow sides, a back side and a longitudinal axis of the grate bars extending parallel to the top side through the front side and the back side. The side markings refer to the conveying direction of the grate, i.e. the installation position of the grate bars in the finished grate. The longitudinal axis of the grate bars preferably extends at least approximately parallel to the conveying direction in the assembled state of the grate bars (i.e. it forms an angle of ±20° with the conveying direction, preferably ±10°, particularly preferably ±2.5°, or is parallel to the conveying direction). The top side can accommodate material to be processed, which can be items to be incinerated (e.g. garbage or wood chips) or cement clinker (clinker for short) to be cooled. Therefore, for the sake of simplicity, the space above the surface is called a reactor, even if a chemical reaction does not necessarily occur there. For example, the material to be processed above the top side can be transported in the direction of the front side by the vibration of the grate bars. The top side can be in direct contact with the material to be processed and is subject to the highest thermal and chemical loads. The bottom side is the face of the front section facing away from the top side. The top side and the bottom side are connected to each other by the front side, the back side and the two narrow sides. The front side usually points to the conveying direction and is opposite to the back side. The two narrow sides connect the front side to the back side respectively. In the installed state, the narrow sides of the laterally adjacent front sections usually lie against each other. Here, the front sections of the grate row are referred to as adjacent, wherein the grate row extends orthogonally to the conveying direction. The (imaginary) longitudinal axis of the grate bars of the front section passes through the front side and the back side. The (imaginary) vertical axis of the grate bars is orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the grate bars and to the at least approximately flat top side. The (imaginary) transverse axis of the grate bars usually extends through the narrow sides perpendicular to the other two axes and corresponds to the longitudinal direction of a row of grate bars and the transverse direction of the grate in the assembled state.

[0012] In summary, the front side delimits the front section in the conveying direction, has a common edge with the top side and the bottom side and is, for example, preferably flat, but it can also have other geometric structures in principle. The back side is located on the face of the front section facing away from the front side and therefore, like the front side, has a common edge with the top side and the bottom side. The back side can serve as a contact surface for the rear section and / or a support structure for the grate.

[0013] The narrow side has a common edge with the front side and the back side, the top side and the bottom side respectively. The narrow side preferably extends at least approximately parallel to (ie ±20°, preferably ±10°, particularly preferably ±2.5° or parallel to) the longitudinal axis of the grate bar.

[0014] At least one recess can start from the bottom side of the front section and extend from an opening in the bottom side in the direction of the top side. The recess does not have to end in the opening of the top side, but preferably ends below the top side. In this sense, the recess can preferably be a blind hole. The recess has preferably at least one abutment surface on the recess boundary toward the back side or the front side. Then, the abutment surface can guide the force acting in the direction of the back side or the front side into the front section, for example, in a form-locking and / or force-locking manner. The abutment surface is preferably convex or flat. Then, the pressure can be gently guided into the ceramic of the front section by the material through a form-locking or force-locking. The service life is thus improved.

[0015] Starting from the back side and / or the front side, the channel can connect the back side or the front side to the recess. The channel preferably has a channel longitudinal axis. The channel can, for example, have a cylindrical profile, in particular a cylindrical profile, i.e. can be defined by corresponding circumferential surfaces. The channel can preferably taper from the back side and / or from the front side in the direction of the recess, for example continuously. The channel can also be at least partially open towards the bottom side.

[0016] For example, as further described below, the channel can accommodate bolts or other connecting elements for fixing, especially clamping, the front section to the rear section. With the help of the at least one abutment surface, the recess provides a support for clamping the connecting element and an entrance to the connecting element or to the channel. The channel can therefore connect the front section with the rear section and / or the front plate, preferably detachably, together with the recess. The rear section that is only slightly worn can therefore be reused, for example when the corresponding front section is worn or damaged and replaced. In addition, the front section, the optional rear section and / or the optional front plate can be made of different materials, which enables the front section, the optional rear section to be matched to the corresponding task at a low cost. This also applies to the optional front plate.

[0017] The term "bolt" is used here to represent a connecting element. The term "bolt" can therefore be simply replaced by the term "connecting element", wherein this term particularly includes typical connecting bolts, such as threaded bolts.

[0018] Ceramics make the front section corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant. Ceramics also have a higher permissible operating temperature. Ceramics allow the front section to remain dimensionally stable even under high temperature loads and still have a low specific weight. The disadvantage of ceramic materials is that they have a relatively low tensile strength and are brittle. Therefore, the tensile stresses applied to the grate bars must be minimized. In contrast to the low tensile strength, ceramics and other preferred fireproof materials have a high compressive strength at high temperatures. By means of the above-mentioned bolting, the ceramic of the front section is at least essentially only loaded with pressure by the fixing.

[0019] The preferred channel taper makes it easier to remove the front section from the casting mold, since the front section can be easily removed from the mold by pivoting and / or rotating it and frictional forces are minimized.

[0020] Another advantage of the optional channel taper is that it is easier to subsequently mount on a complementary rear section or front plate and to remove from it. In this way, for example, bolts can be introduced more easily into the channel during mounting. Furthermore, bolts that are fixedly arranged if necessary can be removed quickly and easily during removal by a pivoting movement. The risk of the bolts sticking to the channel edge is greatly reduced, if not eliminated.

[0021] Starting from the back side and / or the bottom side, in particular at least one gas duct extends in the direction of the top side and / or the front side and leads into the top side and / or the front side. The number of gas ducts can be changed as needed (i.e. preferably at least one gas duct, particularly preferably two, three or more gas ducts). In other words, the at least one gas duct connects at least one inlet in the back side and / or the front side with at least one outlet in the top side and / or the front side. The gas duct can be used to cool the front section, and in addition, the process gas (referred to as "gas") heated when flowing through the duct can be transported to the top side of the front section through the gas duct. The gas can be, for example, air or other combustion-supporting gas or gas mixture, for example, it can be a preheated primary gas for waste incineration or other application areas. In the application of cement clinker coolers, the gas can be a cooling gas for cement clinker.

[0022] Preferably, at least a portion of at least one gas duct is located above a plane which is parallel to the longitudinal and transverse axes of the grate bars and which is also located above the channel. In the assembled state, the gas duct is arranged above the bolts for fixing the rear section. The gas flowing through the gas duct thus cools the area of ​​the front section arranged above the bolts (or the connecting elements in general), so that the thermal load on the bolts is reduced. The service life of the bolts is correspondingly increased and they can also be dimensioned with a lower safety margin.

[0023] The gas duct can thus convey the gas located below the front section to the top side of the front section. For example, the primary gas can flow from the bottom side of the grate to the top side by means of a gas duct, for example in a waste incineration plant. In this process, the primary gas heats up, that is, it absorbs heat from the front section. As a result, the gas reaches the top side of the front section at a higher temperature and less energy is required to heat the primary gas and / or secondary gas.

[0024] The gas duct may have a circular cross section, which may also be egg-shaped, for example elliptical, or polygonal.

[0025] At least a part of at least one insulator can preferably be arranged between the channel and the top side and / or preferably between the recess and the top side. The number of insulators can be varied (i.e. preferably one insulator, particularly preferably two, three or more insulators). The insulator is made of a material with a lower thermal conductivity than the ceramic surrounding it and can be, for example, a strip-shaped body. Such an insulator can be easily inserted into the casting mold and thus easily introduced into the front section. For example, mineral wool and / or air can be selected as the insulating medium.

[0026] The insulator reduces the heat input to the section arranged below it and thus acts as a thermal insulator. This can reduce the thermal load on the bolts in the channel.

[0027] If at least one gas duct as described above is provided, the at least one insulator may preferably be arranged between the gas duct and the channel and / or recess. Thus, the temperature rise of the gas flowing through the gas duct is not reduced and the heat input into the duct region is further reduced.

[0028] In particular, when the insulator is strip-shaped, its strip-shaped body longitudinal axis extends at least approximately (preferably ±10°, particularly preferably ±2.5° or exactly) in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the grate bar and / or the longitudinal axis of the channel, in particular the insulator can be arranged, for example, above the channel and can particularly effectively protect the channel and the optional bolts from the influence of top-side heat. Alternatively or additionally, the insulator or a further insulator is oriented at least approximately (i.e. ±20°, preferably ±10°, particularly preferably ±2.5° or orthogonally) with respect to the longitudinal axis of the grate bar. This variant embodiment is particularly easy to produce and can achieve good thermal protection of the channel and the bolts by means of a plurality of insulators arranged side by side.

[0029] The insulator can have a circular cross section, which can also be egg-shaped, for example elliptical or polygonal. The insulators can be arranged tangentially, crosswise or preferably side by side, for example spaced apart from each other and / or at least almost parallel to each other (within a range of ±10°, preferably ±5°, particularly preferably ±2.5° or less).

[0030] At least one gas passage preferably extends from an inlet in the bottom side toward the top side and terminates at an outlet in the top side. The number of gas passages can be changed as needed (i.e., preferably one gas passage, particularly preferably two, three or more gas passages). The at least one gas passage enables the gas below the front section to be transported to the top side of the front section. The gas can be, for example, a process gas for a reaction occurring on the top side of the grate, such as air or other combustion-supporting gas or gas mixture. For example, primary air or secondary air can flow from the bottom side of the grate to the top side by means of a gas passage, for example, in a waste incineration device. The process gas can be uniformly fed into a reactor or cooling chamber arranged above the front section through the gas passage, so that the reaction in the reactor is more uniform and the reactor is more economical.

[0031] The gas passage can be inclined with respect to the inlet in the direction of the front side. For example, the gas passage can have an inclined longitudinal axis in the conveying direction, i.e. in the direction of the front side, which forms an acute angle with the top side. This promotes uniform combustion on the grate surface. More generally, the process gas is supplied particularly uniformly to the process (combustion, cooling, etc.) in the reactor.

[0032] Preferably, the gas passage is bent toward the front side at least in the area adjacent to the top side. If the tangent is applied at the contact point with the lower side of the gas passage in the area adjacent to the top side, an acute angle is formed between the tangent and the top side. As the distance from the contact point of the tangent to the outlet decreases, the angle value formed by the tangent and the top side preferably decreases, particularly preferably continuously. In particular, the bottom side of the gas passage continuously transitions to the top side at the outlet. By inclination and / or curvature of the gas passage, the gas flows out along the conveying direction and rests on the surface in the conveying direction. Therefore, all these measures further improve the uniformity of the reaction in the reactor.

[0033] At least one optional gas channel can extend from an inlet in the recess toward the top side and / or the front side and, for example, terminate in at least one outlet of the top side and / or the front side. At least a portion of the inlet of the gas channel can be arranged in the region of the longitudinal axis of the channel. The gas channel can accommodate a cooling fluid (for example a process gas) which flows through the surface of a bolt (or another connecting element) which is in the channel after being mounted with the rear section and is cooled in the process. For example, the bolt can be a hollow bolt through which the cooling fluid flows in its axial recess. Additionally or alternatively, the cooling fluid flows through at least a portion of the peripheral surface of the connecting element. The cooling fluid, for example a cooling gas, passes from the bottom side of the grate bar and / or through the bolt (representing the connecting element) and optionally through the gas channel, for example, flows to the top side of the front section, whereby the bolt can be cooled particularly effectively. In order to achieve a continuous flow of gas through the hollow bolt, the opening of the recess on the bottom side can be at least partially closed after assembly. The reduction in the diameter of the opening can be achieved, for example, by a plug having a smaller diameter than the diameter of the recess opening. If the channel in the plug is removed, the opening is completely closed.

[0034] The gas passage can have webs, for example, which support the stability of the front section but do not influence or do not significantly influence the gas flow. These webs can extend, for example, from the bottom side to the top side.

[0035] The top side of the front section can have a greater longitudinal extension than the bottom side. Due to the different lengths, the back side has an overhang. The back side can form, for example, at least approximately a right angle with the bottom side (within a range of ±25°, preferably ±10°, particularly preferably ±2.5° or better). Alternatively or additionally, the back side can be connected tangentially to the top side. The back side can connect the top side to the bottom side in a stepped or curved manner. The back side is preferably continuously curved. The curvature can thus vary.

[0036] In the assembled state, the overhang can serve as a thermal and / or chemical shield for the rear section. The rear section can thus be made of an easily processable, less heat-resistant material, such as sheet steel. At least one section of the overhang can be arranged above the rear section and thus protect the rear section from thermal and chemical loads from the top side.

[0037] The rear section of the grate bar (i.e. the rear section for short) can be mounted on the front section, as described in detail below. The rear section can be made of metal. The rear section preferably has an intermediate part which is preferably arranged between the first lateral element and the second lateral element. The rear section can also consist of more or fewer individual components. The intermediate part can be, for example, an angle profile with a first leg and a second leg. Preferably, the first leg and the second leg are oriented at least approximately orthogonally (i.e. 90°±20°, preferably 90°±10°, particularly preferably 90°±2.5° or orthogonally (90°)) to each other. The common edge of the two legs preferably extends parallel to the transverse axis of the grate bar (when assembled in accordance with the regulations). The common edge of the two legs ends at one of the two long sides of the leg on both sides. A leg preferably has at least one through hole and / or preferably at least one through hole (i.e. one through hole, preferably two, three or more through holes). One of the two lateral elements is fixed to the two long sides of the intermediate part respectively. The narrow side corresponds to the long side of the leg.

[0038] The lateral elements can be cut or stamped out very easily, for example from steel sheets, and can accordingly be manufactured very cheaply, just like the intermediate parts. Reinforcements can be introduced by chamfering. The expensive steel casting technology otherwise required in the grate bars can be dispensed with. Alternatively, the rear section can also be provided as a casting.

[0039] The profile of the lateral elements preferably matches the crossbeam of the grate substructure so that the grate bars with the rear section can be simply hung in the crossbeam. For this purpose, the lateral elements can preferably each have at least one cutout into which the crossbeam engages from below in the assembled state.

[0040] The side elements can be fastened to the central part by gluing, clamping, screwing or preferably by welding.

[0041] The middle part of the grate bar rear section can have a third leg. The third leg can, for example, have a common edge with the second leg. For simplicity, it is assumed below that the first leg is located between the second leg and the third leg, i.e. the first leg is the middle leg, which preferably has the above-mentioned through hole.

[0042] The third leg is preferably oriented at least approximately parallel (ie ±20°, preferably ±10°, particularly preferably ±2.5° or parallel) to the second leg, in which sense the two legs together with the first leg at least approximately form a Z-profile, ie their free ends are remote from each other.

[0043] The front section can be connected to the rear end in order to form the grate bars therefrom. Particularly preferably, the connection is detachable, since the rear section, which is less stressed, can be reused particularly easily. As described at the outset, the rear section is optional, and the front section can also be fastened directly to the support structure. For this purpose, the connecting elements described above can be used, for example.

[0044] The middle part of the rear section can at least partially lie against the back side of the front section, in particular in a planar manner. At least the first leg (i.e. the first, second and third leg, preferably the first leg, particularly preferably the first and / or third leg) can lie against the back side. For example, the middle part can lie against the back side at at least three different locations (preferably in a planar manner). The supporting surfaces of the legs can form a support. The bottom side of the front section can rest on the third leg.

[0045] One leg can be fixed to the back side, preferably clamped to the back side, by means of bolts that penetrate the through hole and the channel. The front section and the rear section thus form a grate bar. The bolt can be a threaded bolt, which either has a threaded shaft neck (partially threaded bolt) or has a full thread. In this sense, the bolt can also be a screw. The bolt can be guided into a through hole of the intermediate part that rests on the back side. The bolt can be accommodated in the channel and terminates in a recess. The term "bolt" still represents a connecting element.

[0046] The bolt can be connected in the recess to the pressure plate resting on the abutment surface (e.g. clamped). The bolt and the pressure plate can be connected in a non-detachable manner, for example by material locking or pressing (as an example of a force-locking connection). Preferably, the bolt and the pressure plate are connected in a form-locking and detachable manner. The pressure plate can be, for example, a nut with or without a washer or a plate with a connecting piece provided for the connection. The fixing can be achieved, for example, by a snap-on closure, a connecting element with a barb or by a thread.

[0047] The bolt can be solid or configured as a hollow bolt, for example. The bolt can include a through-channel extending along the bolt axis, the through-channel having a proximal inlet and a distal outlet. The distal outlet can terminate in the outlet region of a gas channel, which is connected to the recess in the form of communication with the top side. The terms "proximal" and "distal" refer to the position of the bolt relative to the through hole of the first leg or the back side of the front section. Therefore, the proximal end is located at the through hole of the first leg or at the back side of the front section. The distal end here refers to the end away from this, in other words, the part of the bolt that ends in the recess.

[0048] The advantage of a hollow bolt is that the gas flowing through the hollow bolt can cool the bolt. Thus, the thermal load acting on the bolt can be further reduced and the service life of the bolt can be further improved.

[0049] The hollow bolt and its distal outlet in the inlet region of the gas channel enable the gas below the front section (as described above with the aid of the gas duct and the gas passage) to be transported to the top side of the front section. For example, with the aid of the gas channel, for example in a waste incineration plant, primary or secondary air can flow from the bottom side of the grate to the top side. The primary or secondary air heats up in the process, that is, it absorbs heat from the front section.

[0050] The tangent lines mentioned are of course imaginary tangent lines which extend orthogonally to the transverse axis of the grate bars or parallel to the transverse axis of the grate bars. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] The present invention is exemplarily described below by way of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, without being limited to the overall inventive concept of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 1 An embodiment of a grate bar is shown in the assembled state.

[0053] Figure 2 Show press Figure 1 Longitudinal section of the grate bars.

[0054] Figure 3 A top view of another grate bar is shown.

[0055] Figure 4 Show press Figure 3 The underside of the grate bars.

[0056] Figure 5 Show press Figure 3 and Figure 4 Longitudinal section of a detail of a grate bar.

[0057] Figure 6 A simplified schematic diagram showing another alternative embodiment of a grate bar.

[0058] Figure 7 A partial view of the back side portion of yet another grate bar front section is shown.

[0059] Figure 8 The press with the rear section of the grate bars is shown. Figure 7 A partially cutaway perspective view of the front section of a grate bar.

[0060] Fig. 9 A simplified schematic diagram showing the rear end of another grate bar.

[0061] Fig.10 Show press Fig. 9 Exploded view of the grate bars.

[0062] Fig.11 A simplified schematic diagram showing the rear end of yet another grate bar.

[0063] Fig.12 Show press Fig.11 Exploded view of the grate bars. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] Figure 1 An exemplary embodiment of a grate bar 1 is shown having a front section 10 and a rear section 20 . The front section 10 and the rear section 20 are detachably connected by means of a connecting element 30 , which is shown here by way of example as a bolt 30 .

[0065] The front section 10 comprises a front side 16, a back side 18, a top side 14 and a bottom side 12. The bottom side 12 has an optional shoulder 13. The top side 14 of the front section 10 has, by way of example, an optional slit-shaped outlet 69 and three optional circular outlets 64, 65, which will be referred to in detail in the following. Figure 2 The number of outlets 64, 65, 69 is only exemplary, that is, it is understood that at least one outlet is preferred. These outlets can also be omitted.

[0066] As shown, the top side 14 preferably has a greater longitudinal extension along the grate bar longitudinal axis 2 than the bottom side 12 , so that the rear side 18 has an overhang which covers a part of the upper side of the rear section 20 .

[0067] The rear section 20 preferably has a central part 22, a first side element 24 and a second side element 26, which can be produced cost-effectively from sheet steel, for example. Alternatively, the rear section 20 can also be provided in one piece or consist of another number of individual components.

[0068] Figure 2 Shown in Figure 1 . The grate bar 1 has a front section 10 and a rear section 20. The front section 10 has a top side 14, a bottom side 12, a front side 16 and a back side 18. The front section 10 extends along the longitudinal axis 2 of the grate bar.

[0069] The bottom side 12 can have a shoulder 13 in a section adjacent to the front side 16. In the region of the front side 16, the clamping means 50 passes completely or partially through the front section 10 in the transverse direction. Accordingly, the front section 10 preferably has at least one transverse hole in its front third for accommodating at least one clamping means 50. The transverse hole can be arranged as a through hole or as a blind hole. The optional clamping means 50 can clamp the grate bar 1 with other adjacent grate bars so that a grate row can be formed.

[0070] The top side 14 has a greater longitudinal extension along the grate bar longitudinal axis 2 than the bottom side 12. By means of an optional difference in the longitudinal extension of the top side 14 and the bottom side 12, the back side 18 can define an optional overhang downwards. Preferably, the back side 18 can have a planar partial surface which has a common edge with the top side 14. A second, preferably curved, partial surface of the back side 18 adjoins the planar partial surface, which connects the first partial surface to the bottom side 12.

[0071] The bottom side 12 may have an opening. Starting from this opening, a recess 70 extends in the direction of the top side 14. The recess 70 is shown here by way of example as a blind hole and preferably has a support surface 71 which delimits the recess in the direction of the rear side.

[0072] Starting from the opening at the rear side 18 , the optional channel 32 extends along a channel longitudinal axis 33 into the recess 70 . The channel 32 can preferably taper starting from the rear side 18 in the direction of the recess 70 .

[0073] The front section 10 may have at least one optional gas duct 60, at least one optional gas channel 61 and / or at least one optional gas passage 68. The gas duct 60, the gas channel 61 and the gas passage 68 all allow gas (or other fluid) located below the front section 10 to be transported to the top side 14 of the front section 10. Due to the gas duct 60, the gas channel 61 and the gas passage 68 being inclined in the direction of the front side 16, the fluid flows out obliquely relative to the surface 14 (assuming a corresponding pressure gradient), whereby a flow in the direction of the front side 16 is applied to the top side 14.

[0074] The optional at least one gas passage 68 extends from an inlet 67 in the bottom side 12 to an outlet 69 in the top side 14, wherein the inlet 67 has a larger diameter than the gas passage 68, whereby the flow velocity in the gas passage 68 increases in the direction of its outlet, thereby preventing material located on the top side 14 from falling and at least preventing the gas passage 68 from being blocked by material penetrating from above.

[0075] As shown, the gas passage 68 is preferably bent toward the front side 16 at least in the region adjacent to the top side 14. In an alternative variant embodiment, the gas passage may also be unbent. A tangent 80 may be arranged on the lower side of the gas passage 68. The tangent 80 forms an acute angle 82 with the top side 14. As the distance from the contact point of the tangent 80 to the outlet 69 decreases, the value of the acute angle formed by the tangent 80 and the top side 14 decreases continuously and the gas passage 68 continuously transitions into the top side 14 at the outlet 69, whereby the flow is particularly effectively applied to the top side 14. The outlet 69 is shown here as a slit-shaped outlet, wherein the longitudinal direction of the slit preferably extends at least approximately parallel to the grate bar transverse axis 4 (in the range of ±10°, preferably ±5°, 2.5° or better).

[0076] The at least one optional gas channel 61 extends from an inlet 63 in the recess 70 to an outlet 65 at the top side 14, wherein the inlet 63 preferably has a larger diameter than the gas channel 61. The outlet 65 has a circular cross section in this case by way of example.

[0077] The gas duct 60 extends from an inlet 62 in the rear side 18 to an outlet 64 in the top side 14. A second optional gas duct, whose outlet 64 also opens into the top side 14, is covered by the front section 10. The gas duct 60 is located above a plane which is parallel to the longitudinal axis 2 and the transverse axis 4 of the grate bar and is also above the channel 32. The outlet 64 has a circular cross section here by way of example (other cross sections are also possible, in particular oval or polygonal cross sections).

[0078] Eight optional insulators 66 are oriented parallel to one another, preferably at least approximately orthogonal to the longitudinal axis 2 of the grate bar (within the range of ±10°, preferably ±5°, 2.5° or better). In the illustrated example, the insulators 66 are arranged above the channel 32 and the recess 70 and thus protect the bolts 30 and the pressure plate 40 in the channel 32 or the recess 70. The number of insulators 66 is also to be understood as exemplary, i.e., the insulators can be omitted, but preferably at least one insulator 66 is realized, which is preferably arranged above the channel 32, that is, the at least one insulator is preferably arranged as a heat shield above the channel 32.

[0079] The longitudinal section of the rear section 20 shows the middle part 22 and the first lateral element 24. The middle part 22 has here, by way of example, a first leg 220, a second leg 221 and a third leg 222. The legs 220, 221, 222 of the rear section 20 form here, by way of example, an angle with a Z profile. The rear section can also be provided with more or fewer individual components.

[0080] The first side element 24 of the three-part rear section is fixed to the middle part 22, which can preferably be achieved by a positive connection, for example by bonding or preferably welding. The side elements each form a receptacle for a crossbeam of the grate substructure, with side elements 24, 26 (compare Figure 1 )'s rear section 20 lies flat on the grate substructure.

[0081] The intermediate part 22 can bear against the rear side 18 in the region of the transition from the first leg 220 to the second leg 221 and in the region of the transition from the first leg 220 to the third leg 222. The intermediate part 22 can bear against the rear side 18 flatly or even not at all, for example.

[0082] The first leg 220 may have at least one through hole 62' (two through holes 62' are shown as an example) and at least one through hole 21. After the assembly described above, the through channel 62' is provided in the region of the inlet 62 and the inlet 62 covered by the intermediate part 22. In this way, gas can flow through the gas duct 60 despite the installation of the rear section 20. The through hole 21 is provided in the region of the opening of the channel 32 at the back side 18.

[0083] The bolt 30 is accommodated in the through-hole 21 and the channel 32. The bolt 30 may include a through-channel 34 extending along the longitudinal axis 33 of the channel, a proximal inlet 31 and a distal outlet 35. The pressure plate 40 is located in the recess 70, wherein the pressure plate 40 abuts against the abutment surface 71. The bolt 30 is detachably connected to the pressure plate 40, whereby the front section 10 and the rear section 20 are detachably connected. The distal outlet of the bolt may be located in the inlet region of the inlet 63 and the proximal inlet is located on the intermediate part 22. The proximal inlet 31, the through-channel 34 and the distal outlet 35 allow gas to be conveyed from below the grate bar 1 through the bolt 30 into the gas channel 61 as far as the top side 14 of the front section 10. When the opening of the recess 70 is closed by a plug, the flow through the through-channel 34 can be improved.

[0084] Figure 3 and Figure 4 Shown with Figure 1 and Figure 2 Except for the deviations described below, Figure 1 and 2 The description can therefore also be used for Figure 3 and 4 (vice versa). Top view of grate bar 1 ( Figure 3) shows a top view of the top side 14 of the front section 10 and of the rear section 20. The top side 14 can have, for example, two slot-shaped outlets 69 and, for example, two circular outlets 64, 65. The slot-shaped protruding outlets 69 extend, for example, transversely through the top side 14, wherein "transversely" means that the slot is at least approximately parallel to the grate bar transverse axis 4 or forms a small angle therewith. The circular outlets 64, 65 can be arranged centrally. At least one outlet can also be open on the front side. The rear section 20 is located on the back side 18 of the front section 10. The top view of the rear section 20 shows the upper side of the second leg 221 and the upper sides of the first lateral element 24 and the second lateral element 26. The lateral elements 24, 26 are fixed to the second leg 221.

[0085] The bottom side 12 of the front section 10 (see Figure 4 ) has a common edge with the front side 16 and the back side 18. In the region of the front side 16, the front section 10 has a shoulder 13 (which can also be omitted). The bottom side 12 includes two inlets 67 as an example of at least one inlet 67, and a recess 70 extends from the opening of the bottom side 12. The recess 70 can assume the function of a further gas inlet. The recess 70 has a contact surface 71, on which the pressure plate 40 rests. The connecting element 30 (here the bolt 30 is used as an example) fixes (for example clamps) the rear section 20 to the front section 10 by connecting the bolt 30 to the pressure plate 40 in a form-fitting manner.

[0086] The view of the bottom side of the rear section 20 shows the second leg 221, the third leg 222, the first lateral element 24 and the second lateral element 26. The bottom side 12 of the front section 10 lies on the third leg 222. The first lateral element 24 and the second lateral element 26 are fixed at least to the second leg 221 (i.e. to the first, second and third legs 220, 221, 222, preferably to the second leg 221, particularly preferably to the first and second legs 220, 221).

[0087] Figure 5 1 shows a schematic partial longitudinal section of another embodiment of the front section 10 of the grate bar 1. Figures 1 to 4 The description can therefore also be used for Figure 5 (and vice versa).

[0088] Figure 5 The partial view of the front section 10 in FIG. 1 shows the front side 16, the top side 14, the bottom side 12 and the recess 70. The bottom side 12 has a shoulder 13. The longitudinal section shows a gas channel 61 that is curved in the direction of the front side 16 and two likewise curved gas passages 68. The two gas channels 68 extend from an inlet 67 in each case in the bottom side 12 to an outlet 69 in each case in the top side 14.

[0089] The optional gas channel 61 extends from an inlet 63 in the recess 70 to an outlet 65 at the top side 14 .

[0090] The gas channel 61 and the gas passage 68 are each bent in the region adjacent to the top side 14 in the direction of the front side 16. The tangent lines 80 can be arranged on the underside of the gas channel 61 or the gas passage 68, respectively. These tangent lines 80 form an acute angle 82 with the top side 14 (compare Figure 2 As the distance from the contact point of the tangent 80 to the outlet 69 decreases, the value of the acute angle 82 formed by the tangent 80 and the top side 14 decreases continuously and the gas channel 61 and the gas passage 68 continuously transition into the top side 14 at the respective outlets 65, 69.

[0091] Figure 6 The rear end of the grate bar 1 with the rear section 20 is shown schematically and in a simplified manner, which is fixed to the back side 18 of the front section 10 via the connecting means 30, 40. For this purpose, the front section 10 has a recess 70 on its bottom side 16, which extends in the direction of the top side 14. A channel 32 with a longitudinal channel axis 33 opens into the rear boundary of the recess 70. The connecting means 30 extends through the channel 32, which is shown here as a bolt 30 by way of example. The rear end 308 of the connecting means 30 passes through the opening 295 of the rear section 10 and rests thereon in a positively locking manner with a radial projection (with the insertion of an optional spring ring, washer, etc.). The front end of the connecting means 30 is here connected by way of example to a pressure plate 40 via a thread, which is supported at the rear boundary of the recess 70, that is, at the contact surface 71. Of course, other connecting techniques (pressing, wedging, material bonding, etc.) can also be used instead of the screw connection.

[0092] Figure 6 The back side 18 of the central front section 10 has a concave section 181 curved with a first radius. The leg of the rear section 20 with the concave curved surface 226 rests against this first section 181. The concave curved surface 226 has a smaller curvature radius than the concave section 181. Accordingly, when the grate bars are suddenly loaded, the connection can yield elastically, wherein the elastic element 30 acts as an elastic restoring element. This prevents overloading of the ceramic front section 10, which could lead to a breakage of the front section.

[0093] Figure 6 The rear section 20 is different from Figures 1 to 4 The rear section is integrated into the design. Figure 6 The rear section 20 shown in FIG. 1 can be assembled to Figures 1 to 4 and enables the grate bars 1 to be hung in the crossbeams of the substructure. Figure 6 The rear section 10 in the Figures 1 to 5 One of the rear sections is interchanged.

[0094] Figure 6 The rear section 20 in the embodiment of the present invention has a profile 29 which is open downwards, that is, it has an opening 28 which is open downwards. With the help of the opening 28, the grate bar 1 can be hung, for example, in a crossbeam, wherein other fixing possibilities are also possible (e.g. screwing, welding, etc.). Accordingly, the rear section 20 can at least approximately form and / or have a U-shaped profile 29 which is open downwards. The free end of the rear first leg 291 of the profile preferably points at least approximately downwards in this case. The middle leg 292 is connected forwards to the first leg 291, which then transitions into the front (third) leg 293. The front side of the front leg forms the concave surface 226 which has already been described. Preferably, an overhang 296 is connected forwards to the lower end of the front leg 293, which can serve as a support for the bottom side 16 of the front section 10.

[0095] The free end of the free leg on the back side of the rear section 20 preferably has a mounting groove 294 in the extension of the channel axis 33. The optional mounting groove 294 is preferably located in the extension of the opening 295 in the oppositely arranged leg 293, that is, in the assembled state, the mounting groove 294 is preferably located at least approximately in the extension of the longitudinal axis 33 of the channel. As a result, the rear end of the connecting element 30 becomes easily accessible to the installation tool.

[0096] Figure 7 and Figure 8 An alternative front part of the grate bar front section 10 is shown, which can also be designed in another way. Figures 1 to 5 As shown in . Figures 1 to 4 as well as Figures 8 to 9 The description also applies to Figure 7 and 8 Therefore, only the differences are discussed below: Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown in , the front section 10 has a recess 70 in its front part in the bottom side 12, which extends in the direction of the top side 14. Starting from the recess 70, the channel 32 can extend along the channel longitudinal axis 33. In this example, the optional channel 32 connects the recess 70 with the front side 16 and is shown here as a channel 32 that is open downward (i.e. toward the bottom side 12). Such a channel 30 that is open downward is particularly simple to produce and optimizes the cooling of the connecting means 30. Alternatively, the channel 32 can also be configured as Figures 1 to 6 As shown in Figures 1 to 6 The channel 32 can also be configured as a channel 32 that is open downward.

[0097] like Figure 8As shown, the front plate 160 can be fixed to the front side 16 by means of the connecting element 30. To this end, the front part 306 of the connecting element 30 passes through the recess of the front plate 160 and rests on the front side 161 of the front plate 160 with a radial overhang (optional spring rings, washers or the like are inserted here). The rear end 308 of the connecting element can be supported on the wall of the recess 70 by the pressure plate 40. Figure 7 In the embodiment shown, the pressure plate 40 is integrated, by way of example, into an optional slide 90 .

[0098] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As can be clearly seen in the figure, the front side 16 of the front section 10 can have at least two sections 161, 162. In this example, the front plate 160 is at least approximately aligned with at least one of the two sections 161, 162. The surface normal of the first section 161 is preferably at least approximately parallel to the longitudinal axis 33 of the channel. Accordingly, when the front plate 160 is clamped to the front side 16, the pressure is at least substantially introduced into the front section 10. As shown in the figure, a second section 162, which is inclined relative to the first section, can be connected to the first section 161. An overhang can optionally be formed by this inclination.

[0099] Optional slide 90 (see Figure 8 ) can, for example, have an arched portion with, for example, three legs 91, 92, 93. One leg, with its section which is also at least partially designed as a pressure plate 40, engages in the recess 70 of the front plate. A second leg 92 bent at an angle can be connected to the first leg 91. The second leg 92 can have a bottom surface 922, which can form the bottom surface of the slide 90. The slide 90 can, for example, be movably placed on a support with the bottom side 12 or a part of the bottom side 12. For example, the top side 14 of the front section arranged at the front in the conveying direction can serve as a support. The second leg 91 preferably transitions into the third leg 93 via another angle. For example, the slide 90 can support the front section 10 on its bottom side 12 with the end face of the third leg 93. In the illustrated example, the front section 10 is therefore placed on the end of the third leg 93 pointing upward.

[0100] Fig. 9 and 10 A simplified schematic diagram of another variant embodiment of a grate bar in an assembled state is shown. Fig. 9 ) and exploded view ( Fig.10 ). As in all other variant embodiments described here, the grate bar 1 has a grate bar front section 10 and a grate bar rear section 20. For the sake of simplicity, the grate bar rear section 20 is not shown in this variant embodiment. Figures 1 to 8The optional gas channel 61 and the optional gas passage 68 are shown in the drawing, but they can also be provided. Correspondingly, the same applies to the optional clamping means 50 and at least one optional transverse hole in the front third of the front section 10 for accommodating at least one clamping means 50 and for fixing a Figure 7 and Figure 8 Optional bow member 90 and / or front plate 160.

[0101] The front section 10 has a recess 70 in its rear third that is open toward the rear and downward (cf. Fig.10 ). The recess 70 is delimited upward and laterally by the material of the front section 10, which is preferably ceramic. That is, the front section has at least one web 19, which delimits the recess in the lateral direction. The webs 19 can be delimited, for example, inwardly by oppositely arranged inner surfaces 191 and outwardly by the side surfaces 15 of the front section 10. The two webs 19 are each penetrated by a transverse channel 32. The two transverse channels have a common longitudinal axis 192. In this example, the recess 70 has Figure 2 , 6 The transverse channel 32 has the function of Figure 2 , 6 , and the function of the recess 70 in 7 can therefore also be designated as such.

[0102] Preferably, the metal hook 20 can be inserted at least approximately flush into the recess 70 (compare Fig. 9 and Fig.10 ). The hook 20 forms the rear section 20 here. The rear section 20 has, for example, a claw-shaped opening 28 open downwards, by means of which the grate bars can be hung in the crossbeam. The rear section 20 also has a through-hole 21, which is designed here as a transverse hole (compare Fig.10 ). In the assembled state (compare Fig. 9 ), the transverse bolt 30 is located in the through hole 21 and the two transverse channels 32. The pivot angle of the rear section 20 around the transverse axis 192 is limited by the abutment surface 71. The abutment surface 71 defines the recess 70 upward or downward.

[0103] Fig.11 and 12 A simplified schematic diagram showing another variant embodiment of a grate bar in an assembled state ( Fig.11 ) and exploded view ( Fig.12 ). This variant embodiment is similar to Fig. 9 and Fig.10 The variant embodiments shown are very similar. Fig. 9 and 10 The description can therefore also be used for Fig.11 and 12 The main difference between these two variant embodiments is that Fig.11 and 12 The variant embodiment has two hooks 20, which together form the rear section 20. The two hooks 20 are respectively located in a recess 70, which is connected to the rear section 20. Fig. 9 and Fig.10 Different from the above, the front section 10 is also open to one side, that is, between the two recesses, the front section 10 forms at least one web 19 with at least one through hole 32. The two hooks 20 are fixed in each recess 70 by means of bolts 30. It is also possible to combine the press Fig. 9 and 11 In other words, three (or more) hooks 20 can be provided, each located in a recess 70, and at least one optional web 19 preferably extends between them. Fig.11 and Fig.12 The two lateral recesses 70 in the can be closed, for example, laterally by other webs 19 (compare Fig. 9 and 10 ). The bolt 30 may be described here as being integral, ie, the bolt fixes the one or more hooks 20. Alternatively, two or more bolts may be provided, which are Figures 9 to 12 For example, at least one bolt 30 may be provided for each hook 20. Therefore, the term "bolt 30" should be understood as "at least one bolt 30".

[0104] Reference numerals list

[0105] 1 grate bar

[0106] 2Grate bar longitudinal axis

[0107] 3 Vertical axis of grate bars

[0108] 4 Transverse axis of grate bars

[0109] 10 Front section of grate bar, referred to as: front section

[0110] 12 Bottom side

[0111] 13 shoulder

[0112] 14 Top side

[0113] 15 Side surface

[0114] 16 Front

[0115] 160 front panel

[0116] 161 first section of the front side 16

[0117] 162 Second section of the front side 16

[0118] 18 Dorsal

[0119] 19 belly plate

[0120] 191 Inner surface

[0121] 192 Axis

[0122] 181 Concave surface segment

[0123] 20 The rear section of the grate bar, referred to as the rear section

[0124] 21 Through hole

[0125] 22 Middle parts

[0126] 226 Concave surface segment

[0127] 24 first lateral element

[0128] 26 Second lateral element

[0129] 28 Opening

[0130] 29 Profile

[0131] 291 First profile leg

[0132] 292 Middle leg of profile

[0133] 293 Second profile leg

[0134] 294 Mounting groove

[0135] 295 Opening for connecting mechanism

[0136] 296 Overhang

[0137] 30 bolts / connecting elements

[0138] 306 Front part / front end of connecting element

[0139] 308 Rear part of the connecting element

[0140] 31 Nearest entrance

[0141] 32 channels

[0142] 33 Longitudinal axis of channel

[0143] 34 Through the channel

[0144] 35 Remote Exit

[0145] 40 Platen

[0146] 50 Clamping mechanism

[0147] 60 Gas pipeline

[0148] 61 Gas channel

[0149] 62 Entrance

[0150] 62' through hole

[0151] 63 Entrance

[0152] 64 Exit

[0153] 65 Exit

[0154] 66 Insulator

[0155] 67 Entrance

[0156] 68 Gas passage

[0157] 69 Exit

[0158] 70 recess

[0159] 71 contact surface

[0160] 80 Tangent

[0161] 82 Acute Angle

[0162] 90 Slide

[0163] 91 First Leg

[0164] 92 Second Leg

[0165] 922 The bottom side of the sliding member, for example, the bottom side of the second leg 92

[0166] 93 Third Leg

[0167] 220 First Leg

[0168] 221 Second Leg

[0169] 222 Third Leg

Claims

1. A grate bar front section (10) for mounting on a grate bar rear section (20), the grate bar front section (10) comprising a refractory mineral material and having a top side (14), a bottom side (12), a front side (16), two narrow sides and a back side (18), and a grate bar longitudinal axis (2) extending parallel to the top side (14) through the front side (16) and the back side (18), characterized in that - a recess (70) extending from the bottom side (12) in the direction of the top side (14), - the recess (70) has at least one contact surface (71) for guiding forces acting in the direction of the rear side (18) and / or the front side (16) into the grate bar front section (10), and - at least one channel (32) having a channel longitudinal axis (33) connects the back side (18) and / or the front side (16) and / or at least one narrow side to the recess (70), wherein the channel (32) is designed to accommodate a connecting element for clamping the grate bar front section (10) to the grate bar rear section (20) or to a front plate, wherein the contact surface (71) is designed as a support for clamping the connecting element.

2. The grate bar front section (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that The connecting element is designed as a screw.

3. The grate bar front section (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that The channel (32) is at least partially open toward the bottom side (12).

4. The grate bar front section (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that At least one gas duct (60) extends from the rear side (18) in the direction of the top side (14) and / or the front side (16), the gas duct (60) having an inlet on the rear side (18) and an outlet on the top side (14) and / or the front side (16).

5. The grate bar front section (10) according to claim 4, characterized in that At least a portion of the gas duct (60) is located above a plane which is parallel to the longitudinal axis (2) of the grate bar of the grate bar front section (10) and is located above the channel (32).

6. The grate bar front section (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that At least a portion of the insulator (66) extends between the channel (32) and the top side (14) and / or between the recess (70) and the top side (14).

7. The grate bar front section (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that At least one gas passage (68) extends from the bottom side (12) in the direction of the top side (14) and / or the front side (16), the gas passage (68) having an inlet in the bottom side (12) and an outlet in the top side (14) and / or the front side (16).

8. The grate bar front section (10) according to claim 7, characterized in that The gas passage (68) has a longitudinal axis that forms an acute angle with the top side (14) or the front side.

9. The grate bar front section (10) according to claim 7, characterized in that - the gas passage (68) is curved in the direction of the front side (16) at least in a region adjacent to the top side (14), - an acute angle is formed by the top side and a tangent line, - the tangent is applied at a contact point on the underside of the gas passage in a region adjacent to the top side (14), and - The value of the acute angle decreases as the distance between the contact point of the tangent and the outlet decreases.

10. The grate bar front section (10) according to claim 9, characterized in that The value of the acute angle (82) decreases continuously as the distance of the contact point from the outlet decreases, and / or the gas passage (68) transitions continuously into the top side (14) at the outlet.

11. The grate bar front section (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that The top side (14) has a greater longitudinal extension than the bottom side (12), so that the back side (18) and / or the front side (16) have an overhang.

12. A grate bar (1), characterized in that: The grate bar comprises a grate bar front section (10) according to one of claims 1 to 11 and a grate bar rear section (20), the grate bar front section (10) being detachably connected to the grate bar rear section (20), the grate bar rear section (20) having a middle part (22), a first side element (24) and a second side element (26), in, - the intermediate part (22) has at least a first leg (220) and a second leg (221), the first leg (220) and the second leg (221) forming an angled profile, - the first leg (220) has at least one through hole (21), and - One of the first and second lateral elements (24, 26) is fixed to each side of the two long sides of the intermediate part (22).

13. The grate bar according to claim 12, characterized in that The first leg (220) has at least one through hole (62').

14. The grate bar according to claim 12, characterized in that The intermediate component (22) has a third leg (222).

15. The grate bar according to claim 14, characterized in that The second leg (221) and the third leg (222) point in opposite directions within a range of ±30°, wherein the first leg (220) is a middle leg.

16. The grate bar (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that At least a portion of the grate bar rear section (20) lies against the rear side (18) and is fixed to the rear side (18) by means of a fixing element (30) which passes through the through-hole (21) and the channel (32).

17. The grate bar (1) according to claim 16, characterized in that The fixing element (30) is fixed by means of a pressure plate (40) which abuts against the abutment surface (71).

18. The grate bar (1) according to claim 16, characterized in that The fixing element (30) has a through-channel (34) extending along an axis thereof, the through-channel having a distal outlet (35) terminating in an inlet region of the inlet.

19. A cement clinker cooler with a cooling grate or a combustion device with a combustion grate, characterized in that: The respective grate comprises at least one grate bar front section (10) according to one of claims 1 to 11 and / or at least one grate bar (1) according to one of claims 12 to 18.

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