A method for ecological restoration of fish ponds in offshore seabird habitats

Abstract

The present invention discloses an ecological restoration method for a dammed fish pond in a habitat for offshore seabirds, wherein the dammed fish pond includes a first saltwater fish pond and a second saltwater fish pond that are adjacent to the sea, and the method includes the following steps: excavating a water trough at the bottom of the first saltwater fish pond; setting a plurality of saltwater ecological beaches with slopes in the first saltwater fish pond; clearing the vegetation on the adjacent pond ridges between the first saltwater fish pond and the second saltwater fish pond; and setting an ecological forest for waterbirds to inhabit in the second saltwater fish pond. The technical solution of the present invention increases the volume of the saltwater fish pond by creating a water trough, so that the water level of the saltwater fish pond forms a large drop at high tide and low tide, which is conducive to improving the exchange rate between the saltwater fish pond and seawater, thereby increasing the aquatic biodiversity of the saltwater fish pond, enriching the types of food for waterbirds, and forming a good hydrological environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, and in particular to an ecological restoration method for a fish pond in a coastal seabird habitat. Background Art

[0002] In the past, the ecological restoration methods of the jiwei fish ponds in the coastal waterfowl habitats in South China were mostly to improve the fish pond environment through measures such as embankment vegetation repair, water level control, and fish pond bottom mud repair. However, after a period of time, the fish pond environment will gradually deteriorate. Similar restoration work needs to be repeated in the later stage or more frequent human management is required to maintain the ecological function. Long-term continuous investment is required, and the effect is not ideal. After abandonment, the ecological function of the bird habitat will be lost. In fact, as one of the habitats of waterfowl habitats in mangrove areas, jiwei fish ponds play a unique role. It is difficult to achieve the restoration goal by using only the above methods. The applicant learned through data analysis that the ecological problems of jiwei fish ponds in the coastal waterfowl habitats include a single habitat type, too dense vegetation, and narrow habitat space at high tide; the embankment is too high and steep, and the water level of the jiwei fish pond is too deep, there is no habitat space for waterfowl in the jiwei fish pond, which is not conducive to waterfowl foraging; the internal hydrological conditions of the jiwei fish pond are poor, and it is impossible to fully exchange with the outer seawater; aquatic biological resources are scarce, and waterfowl food resources are scarce.

[0003] The above contents are only used to assist in understanding the technical solution of the present invention and do not constitute an admission that the above contents are prior art. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to propose an ecological restoration method for a fish pond in a coastal water bird habitat, aiming to solve the technical problem that the existing technology cannot completely restore the ecological function of the fish pond.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an ecological restoration method for a dammed fish pond in an offshore seabird habitat, wherein the dammed fish pond comprises a first saltwater fish pond and a second saltwater fish pond adjacent to the offshore seabird habitat, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0006] digging a water trough at the bottom of the first saltwater fish pond;

[0007] A plurality of saltwater ecological beaches with slopes are arranged in the first saltwater fish pond;

[0008] Cutting and clearing vegetation on adjacent pond ridges between the first saltwater fish pond and the second saltwater fish pond;

[0009] An ecological forest for water birds to inhabit is set up in the second saltwater fish pond.

[0010] Optionally, setting up an ecological forest for water birds to inhabit in the second saltwater fish pond comprises the following steps:

[0011] Setting an ecological pond bank in the second saltwater fish pond;

[0012] An ecological forest for water birds to inhabit is planted on the ecological pond bank.

[0013] Optionally, the ecological pond embankment includes two transverse ecological pond embankments and multiple longitudinal ecological pond embankments, the multiple longitudinal ecological pond embankments are located between the two transverse ecological pond embankments and connected to the two transverse ecological pond embankments, the multiple longitudinal ecological pond embankments are spaced apart from each other, and ecological forests for water birds to inhabit are planted on the multiple longitudinal ecological pond embankments.

[0014] Optionally, the saltwater ecological beach is provided with vegetation with a canopy density lower than 0.2 or is provided with no vegetation.

[0015] Optionally, the ecological pond embankment further includes a middle ecological pond embankment, the two lateral ecological pond embankments are respectively connected to the surrounding pond embankment of the second saltwater fish pond, and the middle ecological pond embankment is used to connect the two lateral ecological pond embankments.

[0016] Optionally, the longitudinal ecological pond embankment is parallel to the adjacent pond embankment between the first saltwater fish pond and the second saltwater fish pond.

[0017] Optionally, the dam fish pond further comprises a freshwater fish pond, and the freshwater fish pond is located on a side of the first saltwater fish pond away from seawater, and further comprises the following steps:

[0018] Cutting down and clearing vegetation on adjacent pond ridges between the freshwater fish pond and the first saltwater fish pond;

[0019] A freshwater ecological beach with a slope is arranged in the freshwater fish pond.

[0020] Optionally, the freshwater ecological beach is provided with vegetation with a canopy density lower than 0.2 or is provided with no vegetation.

[0021] Optionally, the ratio of the total area of ​​the saltwater ecological beach to the total area of ​​the freshwater ecological beach is 9:1.5.

[0022] Optionally, the slope angle of the slope of the freshwater ecological beach is less than 15 degrees.

[0023] Optionally, the water tank includes an annular water tank, which surrounds the multiple saltwater ecological beaches.

[0024] Optionally, the depth of the annular water tank is 1.6m to 2m.

[0025] Optionally, the water trough further includes a longitudinal water trough and a transverse water trough, and the longitudinal water trough and the transverse water trough run through the multiple saltwater ecological beaches.

[0026] Optionally, the depth of the longitudinal water trough and the transverse water trough is 1.6m to 2m, and the width of the longitudinal water trough and the transverse water trough is narrower than the width of the annular water trough.

[0027] Optionally, the slope angle of the slope of the saltwater ecological beach is less than 15 degrees.

[0028] Optionally, the water depth at the highest position of the saltwater ecological beach at high tide is less than 5 cm.

[0029] Optionally, the water depth at the lowest position of the saltwater ecological beach at low tide is less than or equal to 20 cm.

[0030] Optionally, the method further comprises the step of thinning out high-density vegetation with a canopy density greater than or equal to 0.7 on the banks around the first saltwater fish pond and the second saltwater fish pond, so that the canopy density of the high-density vegetation is between 0.2 and 0.69.

[0031] Optionally, the method further comprises the steps of: clearing alien vegetation on the banks surrounding the first saltwater fish pond and the second saltwater fish pond;

[0032] Plant native plants where foreign vegetation has been cleared.

[0033] Optionally, the method further comprises the step of planting native plants on low-density vegetation with a canopy density lower than 0.2 on the banks around the first saltwater fish pond and the second saltwater fish pond.

[0034] The technical solution of the present invention discloses an ecological restoration method for a fish pond surrounded by a coastal saltwater bird habitat. The ecological restoration method comprises the following steps: excavating a water trough at the bottom of the first saltwater fish pond; setting a plurality of saltwater ecological beaches with slopes in the first saltwater fish pond; clearing the vegetation on the adjacent pond ridges between the first saltwater fish pond and the second saltwater fish pond; and setting an ecological forest for waterbirds to inhabit in the second saltwater fish pond. The saltwater ecological beach of the first saltwater fish pond is for waterbirds to forage, and the ecological forest of the second saltwater fish pond is for waterbirds to inhabit, forming an ecological environment suitable for the survival of waterbirds. In addition, the volume of the saltwater fish pond is increased by creating a water trough, so that the water level of the saltwater fish pond forms a large drop at high tide and low tide, which is beneficial to improving the exchange rate between the saltwater fish pond and seawater, thereby increasing the aquatic biodiversity of the saltwater fish pond, enriching the types of food for waterbirds, and forming a good hydrological environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 is a flow chart of a second embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a flow chart of a third embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a flow chart of a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a flow chart of a fifth embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a flow chart of a sixth embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the base fish pond of the present invention.

[0043] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0044] Label name Label name 10 First Saltwater Fishpond 21 Horizontal ecological pond 11 Annular water tank 22 Vertical ecological pond 12 Saltwater Ecological Beach 23 Ecological Forest 13 Vertical sink 24 Middle ecological pond 14 Horizontal sink 30 Freshwater fish pond 20 Second Saltwater Fish Pond 31 Freshwater Ecological Beach

[0045] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0048] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 7 , Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a first embodiment of the ecological restoration method for fish ponds in offshore seabird habitats.

[0049] In a first embodiment, an ecological restoration method for a fish pond in a coastal seabird habitat is provided, wherein the fish pond includes a first saltwater fish pond 10 and a second saltwater fish pond 20 that are adjacent to each other offshore, and includes the following steps:

[0050] S10, digging a water trough at the bottom of the first saltwater fish pond 10.

[0051] The function of the water trough is to increase the volume of the saltwater fish pond, so that the water level of the saltwater fish pond forms a larger drop during high tide and low tide, which is beneficial to improve the exchange rate between the saltwater fish pond and seawater, increase the aquatic biodiversity of the saltwater fish pond, enrich the food types of water birds, and form a good hydrological environment. The depth of the water trough can be set more specifically according to the actual situation, mainly to help improve the exchange rate between the saltwater fish pond and seawater.

[0052] S20, setting a plurality of saltwater ecological beaches 12 with slopes in the first saltwater fish pond 10.

[0053] The saltwater ecological beach of the first saltwater fish pond serves as a food source for water birds, and the slope of the saltwater ecological beach facilitates the water birds to land and approach the fish pond.

[0054] S30, clearing the vegetation on the adjacent pond ridges between the first saltwater fish pond 10 and the second saltwater fish pond 20.

[0055] The vegetation on the adjacent pond ridges between the first saltwater fish pond and the second saltwater fish pond is cut and cleared to facilitate water birds to travel between the first saltwater fish pond and the second saltwater fish pond, and to broaden the vision of the water birds so that they can see the saltwater ecological beach of the first saltwater fish pond.

[0056] S40, setting up an ecological forest for water birds to inhabit in the second saltwater fish pond 20.

[0057] The function of the ecological forest on the second saltwater fish pond is to provide habitat for water birds, while the function of the saltwater ecological beach on the first saltwater fish pond is to provide food for water birds. That is to say, the habitats of water birds are separated, the foraging environment is improved, a diverse habitat is created, and an ecological environment suitable for the survival of water birds is formed.

[0058] In summary, the technical solution of the present invention discloses an ecological restoration method for a fish pond in a coastal saltwater bird habitat. The ecological restoration method comprises the following steps: excavating a water trough at the bottom of the first saltwater fish pond; setting up a plurality of saltwater ecological beaches with slopes in the first saltwater fish pond; clearing and cutting down vegetation on adjacent pond ridges between the first saltwater fish pond and the second saltwater fish pond; and setting up an ecological forest for waterbirds to inhabit in the second saltwater fish pond. The saltwater ecological beach of the first saltwater fish pond is for waterbirds to forage, and the ecological forest of the second saltwater fish pond is for waterbirds to inhabit, forming an ecological environment suitable for the survival of waterbirds. In addition, the volume of the saltwater fish pond is increased by creating a water trough, so that the water level of the saltwater fish pond forms a large drop at high tide and low tide, which is beneficial to improving the exchange rate between the saltwater fish pond and seawater, thereby increasing the aquatic biodiversity of the saltwater fish pond, enriching the types of food for waterbirds, and forming a good hydrological environment.

[0059] Optionally, in this embodiment, vegetation with a canopy density lower than 0.2 or no vegetation is provided on the saltwater ecological beach 12. Since the saltwater ecological beach is a place for water birds to forage, vegetation with low canopy density or no vegetation can be provided on the saltwater ecological beach.

[0060] Optionally, in this embodiment, the water tank includes an annular water tank 11, and the annular water tank 11 surrounds the multiple saltwater ecological beaches 12. The annular water tank can not only increase the volume of the saltwater fish pond, but also strengthen the water exchange in the first saltwater fish pond, promote the regular exchange of the water body of the first saltwater fish pond with the tide, improve the water quality of the first saltwater fish pond and supplement nutrients, realize the sustainability of biological resources in the first saltwater fish pond, and enhance the ecological function of the first saltwater fish pond. Specifically, the depth of the annular water tank is 1.6m to 2m.

[0061] Optionally, in this embodiment, the water trough also includes a longitudinal water trough 13 and a transverse water trough 14, and the longitudinal water trough 13 and the transverse water trough 14 run through the multiple saltwater ecological beaches 12. The longitudinal water trough and the transverse water trough are used to promote water exchange between saltwater ecological beaches, and can also further increase the volume of the first saltwater fish pond. In addition, the depth of the longitudinal water trough 13 and the transverse water trough 14 is 1.6m to 2m, and the width of the longitudinal water trough 13 and the transverse water trough 14 is narrower than the width of the annular water trough 11. The longitudinal water trough and the transverse water trough serve as a supplement to the water exchange channel in the first saltwater fish pond, which is conducive to improving the water exchange efficiency in the first saltwater fish pond and improving the uniformity of water quality nutrients in the first saltwater fish pond.

[0062] Optionally, in this embodiment, the slope angle of the saltwater ecological beach 12 is less than 15 degrees. The highest heights of the multiple saltwater ecological beaches are different, and the overall terrain of the saltwater ecological beach extends from high to low to form a slope, the slope is a gentle slope, and the slope angle is less than 15, forming a bare beach with a natural coastline of different water depths, thereby maximizing the area of ​​the bare beach.

[0063] Optionally, in this embodiment, the water depth of the highest position of the saltwater ecological beach 12 at high tide is less than 5 cm. The water depth of the lowest position of the saltwater ecological beach 12 at low tide is less than or equal to 20 cm. That is, at low tide, most of the saltwater ecological beach is exposed to the water surface, and at high tide, only the high point is suitable for water birds to stand. Therefore, at high tide, water birds generally live mainly in ecological forests, and at low tide, water birds mainly forage in saltwater ecological beaches.

[0064] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 7 , Figure 2 The present invention is a flow chart of a second embodiment of the method for ecological restoration of fish ponds in offshore seabird habitats.

[0065] Based on the first embodiment, a second embodiment of the ecological restoration method of the fish pond in the offshore seabird habitat of the present invention is proposed. In this embodiment, step S40 includes:

[0066] S41, setting an ecological pond bank in the second saltwater fish pond 20;

[0067] S42, an ecological forest 23 for water birds to inhabit is planted on the ecological pond bank.

[0068] In this embodiment, ecological forests are planted on the embankments of ecological ponds.

[0069] Specifically, the ecological pond ridge includes two transverse ecological pond ridges 21 and a plurality of longitudinal ecological pond ridges 22, the plurality of longitudinal ecological pond ridges 22 are located between the two transverse ecological pond ridges 21 and connected to the two transverse ecological pond ridges 21, the plurality of longitudinal ecological pond ridges 22 are spaced apart from each other, and ecological forests 23 for water birds to inhabit are planted on the plurality of longitudinal ecological pond ridges 22. In this embodiment, ecological forests for water birds to inhabit are planted only on the longitudinal ecological pond ridges, while the transverse ecological pond ridges are left empty, so as to facilitate water birds to take off and land in the longitudinal direction, and at the same time facilitate water birds to observe the water surface and prey on aquatic organisms.

[0070] Moreover, in this embodiment, the ecological pond ridge also includes a middle ecological pond ridge 24. The two transverse ecological pond ridges 21 are respectively connected to the surrounding pond ridges of the second saltwater fish pond 20, and the middle ecological pond ridge 24 is used to connect the two transverse ecological pond ridges 21. The middle ecological pond ridge is convenient for observing the habits of water birds and increases the field of vision of water birds in the ecological forest.

[0071] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the longitudinal ecological pond embankment 22 is parallel to the adjacent pond embankment between the first saltwater fish pond 10 and the second saltwater fish pond 20 .

[0072] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 7 , Figure 3 The present invention is a flow chart of a second embodiment of the method for ecological restoration of fish ponds in offshore seabird habitats.

[0073] In a first embodiment, an ecological restoration method for a dammed fish pond in a coastal seabird habitat, the dammed fish pond comprises a first saltwater fish pond 10 and a second saltwater fish pond 20 that are adjacent to the sea, the dammed fish pond further comprises a freshwater fish pond 30, the freshwater fish pond 30 is located on a side of the first saltwater fish pond 10 away from the seawater, and comprises the following steps:

[0074] S10, digging a water trough at the bottom of the first saltwater fish pond 10.

[0075] The function of the water trough is to increase the volume of the saltwater fish pond, so that the water level of the saltwater fish pond forms a larger drop during high tide and low tide, which is beneficial to improve the exchange rate between the saltwater fish pond and seawater, increase the aquatic biodiversity of the saltwater fish pond, enrich the food types of water birds, and form a good hydrological environment. The depth of the water trough can be set more specifically according to the actual situation, mainly to help improve the exchange rate between the saltwater fish pond and seawater.

[0076] S20, setting a plurality of saltwater ecological beaches 12 with slopes in the first saltwater fish pond 10.

[0077] The saltwater ecological beach of the first saltwater fish pond serves as a food source for water birds, and the slope of the saltwater ecological beach facilitates the water birds to land and approach the fish pond.

[0078] S30, clearing the vegetation on the adjacent pond ridges between the first saltwater fish pond 10 and the second saltwater fish pond 20.

[0079] The vegetation on the adjacent pond ridges between the first saltwater fish pond and the second saltwater fish pond is cut and cleared to facilitate water birds to travel between the first saltwater fish pond and the second saltwater fish pond, and to broaden the vision of the water birds so that they can see the saltwater ecological beach of the first saltwater fish pond.

[0080] S40, setting up an ecological forest 23 for water birds to inhabit in the second saltwater fish pond 20.

[0081] The function of the ecological forest on the second saltwater fish pond is to provide habitat for water birds, while the function of the saltwater ecological beach on the first saltwater fish pond is to provide food for water birds. That is to say, the habitats of water birds are separated, the foraging environment is improved, a diverse habitat is created, and an ecological environment suitable for the survival of water birds is formed.

[0082] S50, clearing the vegetation on the adjacent pond ridges between the freshwater fish pond 30 and the first saltwater fish pond 10.

[0083] By increasing the number of freshwater fish ponds, the diversity of the foraging environment for water birds will be increased, the foraging environment will be improved for the survival of water birds, and a diverse habitat will be created.

[0084] S60: A freshwater ecological beach 31 with a slope is provided in the freshwater fish pond 30.

[0085] By setting up freshwater ecological beaches, it is easier for water birds to forage for freshwater food, which can attract a variety of water birds to forage and help enrich the species of water birds.

[0086] Optionally, in this embodiment, vegetation with a canopy density lower than 0.2 or no vegetation is provided on the freshwater ecological beach 31. Since the freshwater ecological beach is a place for water birds to forage, vegetation with low canopy density or no vegetation can be provided on the freshwater ecological beach.

[0087] Optionally, in this embodiment, the total area ratio of the saltwater ecological beach 12 to the total area ratio of the freshwater ecological beach 31 is 9:1.5. Since the first saltwater fish pond can exchange water with seawater and bring rich nutrients or food, a foraging environment with the saltwater ecological beach as the main and the freshwater ecological beach as the auxiliary is formed.

[0088] Optionally, in this embodiment, the slope angle of the freshwater ecological beach 31 is less than 15 degrees. The overall terrain of the freshwater ecology extends from high to low to form a slope, the slope is a gentle slope, and the slope angle is less than 15, forming a bare beach with natural coastline of different water depths, which maximizes the area of ​​the bare beach.

[0089] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 7 , Figure 4 It is a schematic flow chart of a fourth embodiment of the method for ecological restoration of fish ponds in offshore seabird habitats according to the present invention.

[0090] Based on the first embodiment, a fourth embodiment of the ecological restoration method for the fish pond in the offshore seabird habitat of the present invention is proposed. In this embodiment, the ecological restoration method further includes the steps of:

[0091] S70, thinning out the high-density vegetation with a canopy density greater than or equal to 0.7 on the banks around the first saltwater fish pond 10 and the second saltwater fish pond 20, so that the canopy density of the high-density vegetation is between 0.2 and 0.69.

[0092] By thinning out high-density vegetation and reducing its density, we can achieve a sparse and transparent effect and improve the suitability of the habitat.

[0093] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 7 , Figure 5 It is a schematic flow chart of a fifth embodiment of the method for ecological restoration of fish ponds in offshore seabird habitats according to the present invention.

[0094] Based on the first embodiment, a fifth embodiment of the ecological restoration method for the fish pond in the offshore seabird habitat of the present invention is proposed. In this embodiment, the ecological restoration method further includes the steps of:

[0095] S80, clearing the alien vegetation on the banks around the first saltwater fish pond 10 and the second saltwater fish pond 20;

[0096] S85. Plant native plants where alien vegetation has been cleared.

[0097] By clearing foreign vegetation and planting native vegetation, we can guide the direction of vegetation succession and establish native vegetation communities. Native vegetation, such as semi-mangrove plants, can form a native plant community with a suitable proportion of trees, shrubs and grasses suitable for waterfowl habitats. At the same time, it can guide the community succession of native vegetation and form an ecological environment more suitable for the local climate.

[0098] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 , Figure 6 It is a schematic flow chart of a fifth embodiment of the method for ecological restoration of fish ponds in offshore seabird habitats according to the present invention.

[0099] Based on the first embodiment, a sixth embodiment of the ecological restoration method for the fish pond in the offshore seabird habitat of the present invention is proposed. In this embodiment, the ecological restoration method further includes the steps of:

[0100] S90, planting native plants on the low-density vegetation with a canopy density lower than 0.2 on the banks around the first saltwater fish pond 10 and the second saltwater fish pond 20.

[0101] By planting native vegetation on low-density vegetation, the direction of vegetation succession can be guided and native vegetation communities can be established. Native vegetation, such as semi-mangrove plants, can form native plant communities with a suitable ratio of trees, shrubs and grasses suitable for waterfowl habitats. At the same time, it can guide the community succession of native vegetation and form an ecological environment more suitable for the local climate.

[0102] Taking the restoration of the fish ponds in the Shenzhen Bay nearshore seabird habitat as an example, the fish pond environment was previously improved through measures such as embankment vegetation trimming, water level control, and dredging of pond bottom mud. However, the results would gradually deteriorate after a period of time, or strengthened artificial management intervention would be needed to maintain the ecological function, which required long-term and continuous investment and the results were not ideal.

[0103] Afterwards, the technicians repaired the Jiwei fish ponds, which are the habitats of offshore seabirds in Shenzhen Bay, by using the ecological restoration method of the present invention. They investigated the habits of waterbirds in the restoration area and its surroundings, including waterbird species, water depth preferences, food preferences, plant preferences, habitat preferences, etc.; collected relevant data and analyzed them as the basis for habitat design, and then designed the site. Finally, they repaired the area through comprehensive ecological restoration measures such as vegetation thinning, foreign plant cleaning, fish pond merging, bare beach repair, and deep waterway construction. Thinning vegetation can broaden the horizons of waterbirds, expand their foraging circles, and enhance their sense of security; cleaning foreign vegetation, guiding the succession of native vegetation, forming native vegetation communities, and promoting waterbird habitats; merging fish ponds to form large fish ponds is conducive to the exchange and reproduction of aquatic organisms, enriching waterbird food, and facilitating waterbird predation; repairing bare beaches at different water levels is conducive to the habitats of waterbirds suitable for different water levels and expanding the types of waterbirds that inhabit; deep waterways are built to promote water circulation in the ponds and create a good hydrological environment. Long-term follow-up monitoring is carried out after restoration. The water area increased by 23.9%, effectively expanding the foraging space for water birds, improving the foraging environment, and creating a diverse habitat. Deep water troughs are built to promote the regular exchange of fish pond water with tidal water, improve the water quality of fish ponds and supplement nutrients, achieve the sustainability of biological resources in fish ponds, and enhance the ecological function of fish ponds. Monitoring data show that in the first winter after the restoration of the Jiwei fish pond, a seabird habitat in the Shenzhen Bay offshore, the species and number of waterbirds living here have increased significantly. During the period, a total of 85 species of birds from 12 orders, 29 families, 58 genera, and 4 orders and 19 species were recorded compared with before the restoration, including 13 species of plovers; the number of waterbirds after the restoration increased by 6 to 40 times compared with the same period last year, with a peak of more than 6,200, accounting for about 10% of the total number of waterbirds in Shenzhen Bay; among them, as many as 38 endangered black-faced spoonbills were recorded, accounting for about 1% of the world and 10% of Shenzhen Bay. Through the implementation of the ecological restoration project, the ecological function of the Jiwei fish pond has been significantly improved, effectively improving the ecological benefits of the fish pond.

[0104] The above descriptions are only optional embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural changes made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of a dammedon fish pond in an offshore seabird habitat, the dammedon fish pond comprising a first saltwater fish pond, a second saltwater fish pond and a freshwater fish pond adjacent to the offshore, the freshwater fish pond being located on a side of the first saltwater fish pond away from seawater, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: digging a water trough at the bottom of the first saltwater fish pond; A plurality of saltwater ecological beaches with slopes are arranged in the first saltwater fish pond; the saltwater ecological beaches are used for water birds to forage; the overall terrain of the saltwater ecological beaches extends from high to low to form the slopes; the water depth of the highest position of the saltwater ecological beaches at high tide is less than 5 cm, and the water depth of the lowest position of the saltwater ecological beaches at low tide is less than or equal to 20 cm; the highest heights of the plurality of saltwater ecological beaches are different; Cutting and clearing vegetation on adjacent pond ridges between the first saltwater fish pond and the second saltwater fish pond; An ecological forest for water birds to inhabit is set up in the second saltwater fish pond; Cutting down and clearing vegetation on adjacent pond ridges between the freshwater fish pond and the first saltwater fish pond; A freshwater ecological beach with a slope is provided in the freshwater fish pond; Vegetation with a canopy density lower than 0.2 or no vegetation is provided on the freshwater ecological beach; The step of setting up an ecological forest for water birds to inhabit in the second saltwater fish pond comprises the following steps: Setting an ecological pond bank in the second saltwater fish pond; Ecological forests for water birds to inhabit are planted on the ecological embankment; wherein, the ecological embankment includes two transverse ecological embankments and multiple longitudinal ecological embankments, the multiple longitudinal ecological embankments are located between the two transverse ecological embankments and connected to the two transverse ecological embankments, the multiple longitudinal ecological embankments are spaced apart from each other, and ecological forests for water birds to inhabit are planted on the multiple longitudinal ecological embankments.

2. The ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ecological pond embankment also includes a middle ecological pond embankment. The two transverse ecological pond embankments are respectively connected to the surrounding pond embankment of the second saltwater fish pond, and the middle ecological pond embankment is used to connect the two transverse ecological pond embankments.

3. The ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the total area of ​​the saltwater ecological beach to the total area of ​​the freshwater ecological beach is 9:1.

5.

4. The ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water tank comprises an annular water tank, and the annular water tank surrounds the plurality of saltwater ecological beaches; And / or, the water tank further comprises a longitudinal water tank and a transverse water tank, and the longitudinal water tank and the transverse water tank run through the plurality of saltwater ecological beaches; And / or, the depth of the longitudinal water trough and the transverse water trough is 1.6m to 2m, and the width of the longitudinal water trough and the transverse water trough is narrower than the width of the annular water trough.

5. The ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step also includes: thinning out the high-density vegetation with a density greater than or equal to 0.7 on the banks around the first saltwater fish pond and the second saltwater fish pond, so that the density of the high-density vegetation is between 0.2 and 0.

69.

6. The ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method also includes the steps of: clearing the alien vegetation on the banks around the first saltwater fish pond and the second saltwater fish pond; Plant native plants where foreign vegetation has been cleared.

7. The ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method also includes the step of planting native plants on low-density vegetation with a canopy density lower than 0.2 on the banks around the first saltwater fish pond and the second saltwater fish pond.

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