A sand spreading device and sand position detection method thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a sand spreading device and a sand position detection method thereof, the sand spreading device comprises a sand box and a sand position detection component; a sand injection port connected to a sand injection pipe is provided on the sand box, an exhaust port is provided on the top of the sand box, and a sand outlet connected to a sand spreader is provided at the bottom; the sand position detection component comprises a controller and a first capacitance sensor and a second capacitance sensor arranged up and down; the controller is arranged on the sand box, and is respectively connected to the first capacitance sensor, the second capacitance sensor and the sand spreader; the first capacitance sensor and the second capacitance sensor are both arranged in the sand box, and one end of both is connected to the box body of the sand box, and the other end is a sand position detection end, and both are located on the central axis of the sand outlet. The sand position detection method comprises sand injection and sand spreading. The present invention can solve the problems that the sand injection pipe cannot be assembled on the sand box, the sand particles are compacted, and the sand position detection has false alarms.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sand spreading on rail vehicles, and in particular to a sand spreading device and a sand position detection method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Most vehicles running on rails are equipped with sand boxes to store and provide sand for the sand spreading device. Sand spreading increases the friction between the wheels and rails in bad weather, ensuring safe and reliable operation of the vehicle.

[0003] However, the sand box is usually installed at the bottom of the vehicle body, and the sand needs to be transported into the sand box through a sand injection pipe installed at the vehicle body skin. Due to the superposition of the vehicle itself and assembly errors, the sand injection pipe often cannot be assembled to the sand box, and subsequent rectification is time-consuming and laborious.

[0004] The sand stored in the sand box is made of quartz sand with irregular prismatic structure. After adding it into the sand box, there will be corresponding irregular gaps between the sand particles. During the operation, accompanied by the vibration of the locomotive, the sand particles will fill each other's gaps and squeeze each other, and form a small amount of dust due to friction during the vibration process. In particular, the bottom of the sand box adopts a square cone structure with a tapered mouth. At the intersection of the cone edges, the sand particles are subject to friction in two directions due to the accumulation of sand particles. The sand particles here are very easy to gather and cannot flow normally. Combined with the invasion of humid air, the sand particles in the sand box will become compacted.

[0005] The conventional method of judging the amount of sand in the sand box is that the driver gets off the vehicle and checks the amount of sand by observing the sand box cover or the sand box observation window when the rail vehicle stops, which is rather troublesome.

[0006] Although, in recent years, technicians have gradually added intelligent detection devices to the sand box sand volume detection, such as ultrasonic, pressure sensor, infrared and float and other detection methods, to help drivers automatically monitor the sand volume in the sand box without getting off the vehicle to check. However, due to the shape of the sand box, the size of the sand particles, the particularity of the sand flow and the influence of dust diffused in the sand box during the sand flow, the above detection devices have defects to varying degrees during use (for example, ultrasonic reflection will produce false waves, pressure sensors and single capacitive sensors will produce errors due to the fluidity of sand particles, infrared will be disturbed by dust raised by sand particles, or floats are easily buried by sand particles, etc.), resulting in frequent false alarms during operation. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention aims to provide a sand spreading device and a sand position detection method thereof, which can solve the problems that the sand injection pipe cannot be assembled on the sand box, the sand particles are compacted, and the sand position detection is falsely reported. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a sand spreading device, which includes a sand box and a sand level detection component;

[0009] The sand box is provided with a sand injection port connected to a sand injection pipe, the top of the sand box is provided with an exhaust port, and the bottom of the sand box is provided with a sand outlet connected to a sand spreader;

[0010] The sand level detection component includes a controller and a first capacitive sensor and a second capacitive sensor arranged up and down; the controller is arranged on the sand box and is connected to the first capacitive sensor, the second capacitive sensor and the sand spreader respectively; the first capacitive sensor and the second capacitive sensor are both arranged in the sand box, and one end of the first capacitive sensor and the second capacitive sensor are both connected to the box body of the sand box, and the other end is a sand level detection end, and both are located on the central axis of the sand outlet;

[0011] The distance between the bottom surface of the sand level detection end of the first capacitance sensor and the bottom surface of the sand level detection end of the second capacitance sensor is recorded as h1. After the sand in the sand box is spread by the sand spreader, the sand level is successively lowered to the sand level detection end of the first capacitance sensor and the sand level detection end of the second capacitance sensor. When the sand level is lowered to the sand level detection end of the second capacitance sensor, the controller determines that there is no sand in the sand box according to the sand level signals fed back by the first capacitance sensor and the second capacitance sensor. At this time, if the sand spreading is stopped, the sand in the sand box is backfilled to the level of the sand surface due to its own gravity. The distance between the sand level corresponding to the sand surface level and the bottom surface of the sand level detection end of the second capacitance sensor is recorded as h2, where h2 is smaller than h1.

[0012] In some embodiments, the sand spreading device further includes an anti-caking mechanism, the anti-caking mechanism includes an air inlet pipe and at least one set of pneumatic injection components, the pneumatic injection components are arranged at the bottom of the sand box and are connected to the controller through the air inlet pipe; the controller includes a solenoid valve and a control panel connected to the solenoid valve, the solenoid valve is arranged on the air inlet pipe, and the air inlet pipe is connected to compressed air;

[0013] The pneumatic injection assembly includes an injection seat, an air inlet duct and an injection port. The injection seat is arranged on the bottom of the sand box; the air inlet duct is arranged on the injection seat, one end of which is connected to the air inlet pipe and the other end is connected to the injection port; the injection port is arranged on the injection seat, and a metal particle sintered plate is filled in the injection port.

[0014] In some embodiments, the number of the injection ports in each group of the pneumatic injection assembly is plural and uniformly arranged on the injection seat.

[0015] In some embodiments, the anti-caking mechanism further includes a humidity sensor, which is disposed in the sand box and located between the first capacitance sensor and the second capacitance sensor and connected to the control panel.

[0016] In some embodiments, the sand spreading device also includes an exhaust component, which is arranged on the exhaust port of the sand box, and includes a core and an outer shell, the core is clamped on the exhaust port, and an air flow channel connected to the interior of the sand box is provided on the core; the outer shell is clamped on the core, and an annular air cavity for gas flow is formed therebetween, and the annular air cavity is connected to the air flow channel; a plurality of exhaust holes are circumferentially provided on the outer shell below the top of the core.

[0017] In some embodiments, the exhaust component also includes an airflow adjustment rod arranged along the central axis of the airflow channel, and a through hole for the airflow adjustment rod to pass through is provided on the top of the outer shell. The airflow adjustment rod passes through the through hole and is arranged close to or away from the airflow channel and is connected to the outer shell through a fixing member.

[0018] In some embodiments, the sand spreading device further comprises an elastic sealing ring arranged at the sand injection port, the elastic sealing ring comprising an elastic ring body and an open groove arranged circumferentially at the outer end of the elastic ring body; the side wall of the box body at the sand injection port is accommodated in the open groove, and there is a gap between the box body and the bottom of the open groove;

[0019] The inner end of the elastic ring body is in close contact with the sand injection pipe, and the inner diameter of the elastic ring body is smaller than the outer diameter of the sand injection pipe.

[0020] In some embodiments, chamfers are provided on both the inner end and the outer end of the elastic ring body.

[0021] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a sand level detection method for the sand spreading device, comprising the following steps:

[0022] Step S1: sand injection

[0023] Specifically, sand is injected into the sand box by using a sand injection pipe. As the sand level in the sand box gradually increases, the sand level detection end of the second capacitive sensor and the sand level detection end of the first capacitive sensor are successively covered by sand. The sand level signals detected by the two both show that there is sand. At this time, the controller determines that the sand box is full of sand based on the detection signal and stops the sand injection operation.

[0024] Step S2: Sprinkling sand

[0025] Specifically, the sand in the sand box passes through the sand outlet and the sand spreader to complete the sand spreading operation; specifically, during the sand spreading operation, when the sand in the sand box is spread by the sand spreader so that the sand level is reduced to the sand level detection end of the first capacitance sensor, the sand level detection end of the first capacitance sensor is exposed to the sand surface, while the sand level detection end of the second capacitance sensor is still buried in the sand. At this time, the sand level signal detected by the first capacitance sensor shows that there is no sand, and the sand level signal detected by the second capacitance sensor shows that there is sand. At this time, the controller determines that there is sand in the sand box according to the detection signals of no sand and sand, and continues the sand spreading operation;

[0026] When the sand level in the sand box is lowered to the sand level detection end of the second capacitive sensor after the sand spreader continues to spread sand, the sand level detection end of the second capacitive sensor exposes the sand surface. At this time, the sand level signal detected by the second capacitive sensor shows that there is no sand. At this time, the controller determines that there is no sand in the sand box based on the no-sand detection signal, indicating that it is necessary to start step S1 of sand injection.

[0027] In some embodiments, both step S1 and step S2 also include a humidity control step. Specifically, when the humidity sensor detects that the humidity of the sand particles in the sand box is higher than 0.5%, the control panel starts the anti-caking mechanism and the solenoid valve according to the humidity detection signal, so that compressed air is sprayed into the bottom of the sand box through the air inlet pipe by the pneumatic injection assembly to fluff the sand particles in the sand box, blow away moisture, and prevent caking; at the same time, the compressed air sprayed into the sand box is discharged from the sand box through the exhaust component.

[0028] The application of the technical solution of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0029] (1) The sand spreading device described in the present invention uses a first capacitive sensor and a second capacitive sensor disposed up and down, and strictly controls h2 to be less than h1, so as to ensure that when the controller determines that there is no sand in the sand box, sand is promptly injected into the sand box, thereby realizing intelligent detection of the sand position in the sand box without manual detection. If h2 is greater than or equal to h1, then after the sand grains are backfilled to form a horizontal sand surface, the sand position detection end of the first capacitive sensor and the sand position detection end of the second capacitive sensor are still buried in the sand grains. The controller determines that there is sand in the sand box based on the sand position signals fed back by the first capacitive sensor and the second capacitive sensor, which is contrary to the previous judgment that there is no sand, resulting in a false alarm of the sand position detection. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control h2 to be less than h1 to avoid false alarms of sand position detection.

[0030] (2) The sand spreading device described in the present invention adopts the anti-caking mechanism to be connected to the controller. By starting the solenoid valve in the controller, compressed air is sprayed into the bottom of the sand box through the air inlet pipe from the pneumatic injection assembly to fluff the sand particles in the sand box, blow away moisture, and prevent caking.

[0031] (3) The sand spreading device described in the present invention has an exhaust hole in the exhaust component that is connected to the annular air cavity and the air flow channel, so that the compressed air sprayed by the pneumatic injection assembly is discharged in time to prevent the sand particles from being blown up; when wind mixed with rain enters through a certain exhaust hole, since the inside of the sand box itself is filled with gas and the top of the core is higher than the exhaust hole, it will flow along the annular air cavity to another exhaust hole for discharge, and will not enter the sand box through the air flow channel, thereby preventing the sand particles from compacting.

[0032] (4) The sand spreading device of the present invention adopts an elastic sealing ring, and a gap exists between an opening groove annularly arranged at the outer end of the elastic ring body and the side wall of the box body at the sand injection port, thereby providing an installation space for the sand injection pipe and ensuring that the sand injection pipe can be smoothly assembled on the sand box.

[0033] (5) The sand position detection method of the sand spreading device described in the present invention has simple steps, convenient operation and strong practicality.

[0034] In addition to the above-described purposes, features and advantages, the present invention has other purposes, features and advantages. The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0036] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a sand spreading device in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Left view of

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a sand spreading device in Example 1 of the present invention when the sand is spreading (the arrow in the figure indicates the direction of sand discharge);

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a sand spreading device in Example 1 of the present invention in a sand spreading operation without sand (the arrow in the figure indicates the direction of sand discharge);

[0040] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the inverted cone sand surface backfilled to the sand surface horizontal state;

[0041] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 An internal perspective view of the medium sand spreading device;

[0042] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the pneumatic injection assembly (the side wall of the sand box is also shown in the figure);

[0043] Figure 8 yes Figure 2 AA section view in;

[0044] Fig. 9This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a sand spreading device in Example 2 of the present invention in a sand spreading operation without sand (the arrow in the figure indicates the direction of sand discharge);

[0045] Fig.10 yes Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the inverted cone sand surface backfilled to the sand surface horizontal state;

[0046] Among them, 1. sand box, 2. sand position detection component, 2.1. controller, 2.2. first capacitance sensor, 2.3. second capacitance sensor, 3. sand injection pipe, 4. sand spreader, 5. anti-caking mechanism, 5.1. injection seat, 5.2. air inlet, 5.3. injection port, 5.4. humidity sensor, 6. exhaust component, 6.1. core body, 6.1.1. air flow channel, 6.2. shell, 6.2.1. exhaust hole, 6.3. annular air cavity, 6.4. air flow adjustment rod, 7. elastic sealing ring, 7.1. elastic ring body, 7.1.1. opening groove, 7.1.2. chamfer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] Embodiment 1:

[0049] See also Figure 1-8 , a sand spreading device for use in assembling on a rail vehicle, comprising a sand box 1 and a sand position detection component 2;

[0050] The sand box 1 is provided with a sand injection port connected to the sand injection pipe 3, the top of the sand box 1 is provided with an exhaust port, and the bottom of the sand box 1 is provided with a sand outlet connected to the sand spreader 4;

[0051] The sand level detection component 2 includes a controller 2.1 and a first capacitive sensor 2.2 and a second capacitive sensor 2.3 arranged horizontally up and down; the controller 2.1 is arranged on the sand box 1 and is connected to the first capacitive sensor 2.2, the second capacitive sensor 2.3 and the sand spreader 4 respectively; the first capacitive sensor 2.2 and the second capacitive sensor 2.3 are both arranged in the sand box 1 through a mounting seat, and one end of both is connected to the box body of the sand box 1, and the other end is a sand level detection end, and both are located on the central axis of the sand outlet (see Figure 3-4, considering that when spreading sand, an inverted cone-shaped sand surface will be formed above the sand outlet, and the lowest point of the cone of the sand surface is located on the central axis of the sand outlet, the ends of the first capacitive sensor 2.2 and the second capacitive sensor 2.3 are both located on the central axis of the sand outlet, which is convenient for timely detection of sand position signals and improves the accuracy of sand position detection);

[0052] See also Figure 3-5 , the distance between the bottom surface of the sand level detection end of the first capacitance sensor 2.2 and the bottom surface of the sand level detection end of the second capacitance sensor 2.3 is recorded as h1. After the sand in the sand box 1 is sprinkled by the sand spreader 4, the sand level is successively reduced to the sand level detection end of the first capacitance sensor 2.2 and the sand level detection end of the second capacitance sensor 2.3. When the sand level is reduced to the sand level detection end of the second capacitance sensor 2.3, the controller 2.1 determines that there is no sand in the sand box 1 according to the sand level signals fed back by the first capacitance sensor 2.2 and the second capacitance sensor 2.3; at this time, if the sand spreading is stopped, the sand in the sand box 1 is backfilled to the sand surface level due to its own gravity and the vibration of the rail vehicle during operation. The distance between the sand level corresponding to the sand surface level and the bottom surface of the sand level detection end of the second capacitance sensor 2.3 is recorded as h2, where h2 is smaller than h1.

[0053] If h2 is greater than or equal to h1, after the sand is backfilled to a level surface, the sand level detection ends of the first capacitive sensor 2.2 and the second capacitive sensor 2.3 are still buried in the sand, and the controller 2.1 determines that there is sand in the sand box 1 based on the sand level signals fed back by the first capacitive sensor 2.2 and the second capacitive sensor 2.3, which is inconsistent with the previous judgment that there is no sand, resulting in a false alarm of the sand level detection. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control h2 to be less than h1 to avoid false alarms of the sand level detection.

[0054] The present invention adopts a first capacitance sensor 2.2 and a second capacitance sensor 2.3 arranged horizontally up and down, and strictly controls h2 to be smaller than h1, so as to ensure that the controller 2.1 injects sand into the sand box 1 in time when it is determined that there is no sand in the sand box 1.

[0055] The sand spreading device further includes an anti-caking mechanism 5, which includes an air inlet pipe and four groups of pneumatic injection components. The pneumatic injection components are arranged at the bottom of the sand box 1 (the bottom is a tetrahedral pyramid structure, the bottom end of which is connected to the sand outlet, and the four groups of pneumatic injection components are respectively arranged on the four inner walls of the tetrahedral pyramid), and are connected to the controller 2.1 through the air inlet pipe; the controller 2.1 includes a solenoid valve and a control panel connected to the solenoid valve, the solenoid valve is arranged on the air inlet pipe, and the air inlet pipe is connected to compressed air;

[0056] See also Figure 6-7The pneumatic injection assembly includes an injection seat 5.1, an air inlet duct 5.2 and an injection port 5.3. The injection seat 5.1 is arranged on the bottom of the sand box 1; the air inlet duct 5.2 is arranged on the injection seat 5.1, one end of which is connected to the air inlet pipe, and the other end is connected to the injection port 5.3; the injection port 5.3 is arranged on the injection seat 5.1, and a sintered plate of metal particles (specifically copper particles or stainless steel particles) is filled in the injection port 5.3, and there are gaps between the metal particles, and compressed air is ejected through the gaps.

[0057] The number of the injection ports 5.3 in each group of the pneumatic injection assembly is three, and they are evenly arranged on the injection seat 5.1. Specifically, the first injection port 5.3 in each group of the pneumatic injection assembly is arranged upward along the inner wall of the quadrangular pyramid, the second injection port 5.3 is arranged downward along the inner wall of the quadrangular pyramid, and the third injection port 5.3 is arranged vertically and upwardly along the inner wall of the quadrangular pyramid, so as to ensure that the compressed air is evenly ejected.

[0058] The anti-caking mechanism 5 further comprises a humidity sensor 5.4, which is arranged in the sand box 1, between the first capacitance sensor 2.2 and the second capacitance sensor 2.3, and connected to the control panel.

[0059] See also Figure 1 and Figure 7 The sand spreading device also includes an exhaust component 6, which is arranged on the exhaust port of the sand box 1, and includes a core body 6.1 and an outer shell 6.2. The core body 6.1 is clamped on the exhaust port, and an air flow channel 6.1.1 connected to the inside of the sand box 1 is provided on the core body 6.1; the outer shell 6.2 is clamped on the core body 6.1, and an annular air cavity 6.3 for gas flow is formed between the two, and the annular air cavity 6.3 is connected to the air flow channel 6.1.1; a plurality of exhaust holes 6.2.1 are circumferentially provided on the outer shell 6.2 and are lower than the top of the core body 6.1. The exhaust hole 6.2.1 is provided for the convenience of communicating with the annular air cavity 6.3 and the air flow channel 6.1.1, so as to discharge the compressed air ejected by the pneumatic injection assembly in time; on the other hand, when wind mixed with rain enters through a certain exhaust hole 6.2.1, since the interior of the sand box 1 is filled with gas and the top of the core 6.1 is higher than the exhaust hole 6.2.1, it will flow along the annular air cavity 6.3 to another exhaust hole 6.2.1 for discharge, and will not enter the sand box 1 through the air flow channel 6.1.1, so as to prevent the sand particles from compacting.

[0060] See also Figure 1 and Figure 7The exhaust component 6 also includes an airflow adjustment rod 6.4 arranged along the central axis of the airflow channel 6.1.1. A through hole for the airflow adjustment rod 6.4 to pass through is provided on the top of the housing 6.2. The airflow adjustment rod 6.4 passes through the through hole and is arranged close to or away from the airflow channel 6.1.1, and is connected to the housing 6.2 by a fixing member (specifically a bolt). The flow rate of the compressed air discharged from the sand box 1 is regulated by adjusting the distance between the airflow adjustment rod 6.4 and the airflow channel 6.1.1.

[0061] See also Figure 8 The sand spreading device further comprises an elastic sealing ring 7 arranged at the sand injection port, wherein the elastic sealing ring 7 comprises an elastic ring body 7.1 and an open groove 7.1.1 arranged circumferentially at the outer end of the elastic ring body 7.1; the side wall of the box at the sand injection port is accommodated in the open groove 7.1.1 by at least 5 mm, and there is a gap between the side wall and the bottom of the open groove 7.1.1, wherein the gap width is at most 30 mm;

[0062] The inner end of the elastic ring body 7.1 is in close contact with the sand injection pipe 3, and the inner diameter of the elastic ring body 7.1 is smaller than the outer diameter of the sand injection pipe 3, and the difference between the two is no more than 3 mm. The setting of the above parameters of the elastic sealing ring 7 of the present invention is used to improve the stability and sealing of the connection between the elastic sealing ring 7 and the sand injection port and the sand injection pipe 3.

[0063] Chamfers 7.1.2 are provided at the inner and outer ends of the elastic ring body 7.1 to reduce the contact area between the elastic sealing ring 7 and the sand injection port and the sand injection pipe 3, thereby reducing friction and improving installation efficiency.

[0064] A sand level detection method for the sand spreading device comprises the following steps:

[0065] Step S1: sand injection

[0066] Specifically, the sand injection pipe 3 is used to inject sand into the sand box 1. As the sand level in the sand box 1 gradually increases, the sand level detection end of the second capacitive sensor 2.3 and the sand level detection end of the first capacitive sensor 2.2 are successively covered by sand. The sand level signals detected by the two sensors both show that there is sand. At this time, the controller 2.1 determines that the sand box 1 is full of sand based on the detection signal and stops the sand injection operation.

[0067] Step S2: Sprinkling sand

[0068] Specifically, when the rail vehicle is running, the sand in the sand box 1 passes through the sand outlet and the sand spreader 4 to complete the sand spreading operation; Figure 3-5During the sand spreading operation, when the sand in the sand box 1 is spread by the sand spreader 4 so that the sand level is reduced to the sand level detection end of the first capacitance sensor 2.2, the sand level detection end of the first capacitance sensor 2.2 is exposed to the sand surface, while the sand level detection end of the second capacitance sensor 2.3 is still buried in the sand. At this time, the sand level signal detected by the first capacitance sensor 2.2 shows that there is no sand, and the sand level signal detected by the second capacitance sensor 2.3 shows that there is sand. At this time, the controller 2.1 determines that there is sand in the sand box 1 according to the detection signals of no sand and sand, and continues the sand spreading operation;

[0069] When the sand level in the sand box 1 is reduced to the sand level detection end of the second capacitive sensor 2.3 after the sand spreader 4 continues to spread sand, the sand level detection end of the second capacitive sensor 2.3 exposes the sand surface. At this time, the sand level signal detected by the second capacitive sensor 2.3 shows that there is no sand. At this time, the controller 2.1 determines that there is no sand in the sand box 1 according to the no-sand detection signal, indicating that it is necessary to start step S1 to inject sand. When injecting sand, the rail vehicle stops running.

[0070] Both step S1 and step S2 also include a humidity control step. Specifically, when the humidity sensor 5.4 detects that the humidity of the sand particles in the sand box 1 is higher than 0.5%, the control panel starts the anti-caking mechanism 5 and the solenoid valve according to the humidity detection signal, so that compressed air is sprayed into the bottom of the sand box 1 through the air inlet pipe by the pneumatic injection assembly to fluff the sand particles in the sand box 1, blow away moisture, and prevent caking; at the same time, the compressed air sprayed into the sand box 1 is discharged from the sand box 1 through the exhaust component 6.

[0071] Embodiment 2:

[0072] Different from Example 1, see Figure 9-10 , the first capacitive sensor 2.2 is changed from the horizontal setting in Example 1 to the vertical setting. Specifically, the first capacitive sensor 2.2 is installed in the sand box 1 from the top of the sand box 1 along the central axis of the sand outlet, and its upper end is connected to the top of the box body of the sand box 1, and the lower end is the sand level detection end, and the distance between the bottom surface of the sand level detection end and the bottom surface of the sand level detection end of the second capacitive sensor 2.3 is recorded as h1, and the rest is the same as Example 1.

[0073] See also Fig.10After the sand is spread by the sand spreader 4, the sand level in the sand box 1 is successively reduced to the sand level detection end of the first capacitance sensor 2.2 and the sand level detection end of the second capacitance sensor 2.3. When the sand level is reduced to the sand level detection end of the second capacitance sensor 2.3, the controller 2.1 determines that there is no sand in the sand box 1 according to the sand level signals fed back by the first capacitance sensor 2.2 and the second capacitance sensor 2.3. At this time, if the sand spreading is stopped, the sand in the sand box 1 is backfilled to the sand surface level due to its own gravity and the vibration of the rail vehicle during operation. The distance between the sand level corresponding to the sand surface level and the bottom surface of the sand level detection end of the second capacitance sensor 2.3 is recorded as h2, where h2 is smaller than h1.

[0074] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sand spreading device, characterized in that: It comprises a sand box (1) and a sand level detection component (2); The sand box (1) is provided with a sand injection port connected to a sand injection pipe (3), the top of the sand box (1) is provided with an exhaust port, and the bottom of the sand box (1) is provided with a sand outlet connected to a sand spreader (4); The sand position detection component (2) comprises a controller (2.1) and a first capacitance sensor (2.2) and a second capacitance sensor (2.3) arranged above and below; the controller (2.1) is arranged on the sand box (1) and is respectively connected to the first capacitance sensor (2.2), the second capacitance sensor (2.3) and the sand spreader (4); the first capacitance sensor (2.2) and the second capacitance sensor (2.3) are both arranged in the sand box (1), and one end of each of the two is connected to the body of the sand box (1), and the other end is a sand position detection end, and both are located on the central axis of the sand outlet; The distance between the bottom surface of the sand level detection end of the first capacitance sensor (2.2) and the bottom surface of the sand level detection end of the second capacitance sensor (2.3) is recorded as h1. After the sand is spread by the sand spreader (4), the sand level in the sand box (1) is sequentially lowered to the sand level detection end of the first capacitance sensor (2.2) and the sand level detection end of the second capacitance sensor (2.3). When the sand level is lowered to the sand level detection end of the second capacitance sensor (2.3), the controller (2.1) determines that there is no sand in the sand box (1) according to the sand level signals fed back by the first capacitance sensor (2.2) and the second capacitance sensor (2.3). At this time, if the sand spreading is stopped, the sand in the sand box (1) is backfilled to the level of the sand surface due to its own gravity. The distance between the sand level corresponding to the sand level and the bottom surface of the sand level detection end of the second capacitance sensor (2.3) is recorded as h2, wherein h2 is smaller than h1.

2. The sand spreading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an anti-caking mechanism (5), the anti-caking mechanism (5) includes an air inlet pipe and at least one group of pneumatic injection components, the pneumatic injection components are arranged at the bottom of the sand box (1), and are connected to the controller (2.1) through the air inlet pipe; the controller (2.1) includes a solenoid valve and a control panel connected to the solenoid valve, the solenoid valve is arranged on the air inlet pipe, and the air inlet pipe is connected to compressed air; The pneumatic injection assembly comprises an injection seat (5.1), an air inlet duct (5.2) and an injection port (5.3); the injection seat (5.1) is arranged on the bottom of the sand box (1); the air inlet duct (5.2) is arranged on the injection seat (5.1), one end of which is connected to the air inlet pipe and the other end is connected to the injection port (5.3); the injection port (5.3) is arranged on the injection seat (5.1), and a metal particle sintered plate is filled in the injection port (5.3).

3. The sand spreading device according to claim 2, characterized in that: In each group of the pneumatic injection components, the injection ports (5.3) are multiple in number and are evenly distributed on the injection seat (5.1).

4. The sand spreading device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The anti-hardening mechanism (5) also includes a humidity sensor (5.4), which is arranged in the sand box (1), located between the first capacitance sensor (2.2) and the second capacitance sensor (2.3), and connected to the control panel.

5. The sand spreading device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The invention also comprises an exhaust component (6), wherein the exhaust component (6) is arranged on the exhaust port of the sand box (1), and comprises a core body (6.1) and an outer shell (6.2), wherein the core body (6.1) is clamped on the exhaust port, and an air flow channel (6.2) communicating with the interior of the sand box (1) is provided on the core body (6.1). 6.1.1); the outer shell (6.2) is snap-fitted onto the core (6.1), and an annular air cavity (6.3) for gas flow is formed between the two, and the annular air cavity (6.3) is connected to the air flow channel (6.1.1); a plurality of exhaust holes (6.2.1) are circumferentially arranged on the outer shell (6.2) and are lower than the top of the core (6.1).

6. The sand spreading device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The exhaust component (6) further comprises an airflow adjustment rod (6.4) arranged along the central axis of the airflow channel (6.1.1), a through hole for the airflow adjustment rod (6.4) to pass through is provided at the top of the housing (6.2), and the airflow adjustment rod (6.4) passes through the through hole to be close to or away from the airflow channel ( 6.1.1) is provided and connected to the housing (6.2) through a fixing member; the flow rate of compressed air discharged from the sand box (1) is regulated by adjusting the distance between the air flow regulating rod (6.4) and the air flow channel (6.1.1).

7. The sand spreading device according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes an elastic sealing ring (7) arranged at the sand injection port, the elastic sealing ring (7) comprising an elastic ring body (7.1) and an open groove (7.1.1) arranged circumferentially at the outer end of the elastic ring body (7.1); the side wall of the box at the sand injection port is accommodated in the open groove ( 7.1.1) and there is a gap between it and the bottom of the open slot (7.1.1); The inner end of the elastic ring body (7.1) is in close contact with the sand injection pipe (3), and the inner diameter of the elastic ring body (7.1) is smaller than the outer diameter of the sand injection pipe (3).

8. The sand spreading device according to claim 7, characterized in that: Chamfers (7.1.2) are provided at both the inner end and the outer end of the elastic ring body (7.1).

9. A sand level detection method for a sand spreading device as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: sand injection Specifically, a sand injection pipe (3) is used to inject sand into the sand box (1). As the sand level in the sand box (1) gradually increases, the sand level detection end of the second capacitive sensor (2.3) and the sand level detection end of the first capacitive sensor (2.2) are successively covered by sand. The sand level signals detected by the two sensors both indicate that there is sand. At this time, the controller (2.1) determines that the sand box (1) is full of sand based on the detection signal and stops the sand injection operation. Step S2: Sanding Specifically, the sand in the sand box (1) passes through the sand outlet and the sand spreader (4) to complete the sand spreading operation; specifically, during the sand spreading operation, after the sand in the sand box (1) is spread by the sand spreader (4) so ​​that the sand level is reduced to the sand level detection end of the first capacitance sensor (2.2), the sand level detection end of the first capacitance sensor (2.2) is exposed to the sand surface, while the sand level detection end of the second capacitance sensor (2.3) is still buried in the sand. At this time, the sand level signal detected by the first capacitance sensor (2.2) shows that there is no sand, and the sand level signal detected by the second capacitance sensor (2.3) shows that there is sand. At this time, the controller (2.1) determines that there is sand in the sand box (1) according to the detection signals of no sand and sand, and continues the sand spreading operation; When the sand level in the sand box (1) is reduced to the sand level detection end of the second capacitance sensor (2.3) after the sand spreader (4) continues to spread sand, the sand level detection end of the second capacitance sensor (2.3) is exposed to the sand surface. At this time, the sand level signal detected by the second capacitance sensor (2.3) shows that there is no sand. At this time, the controller (2.1) determines that there is no sand in the sand box (1) based on the no sand detection signal, indicating that it is necessary to start the step S1 of sand injection.

10. The sand level detection method of the sand spreading device according to claim 9, characterized in that: Both step S1 and step S2 also include a humidity control step. Specifically, when the humidity sensor (5.4) detects that the humidity of the sand particles in the sand box (1) is higher than 0.5%, the control panel starts the anti-caking mechanism (5) and the solenoid valve according to the humidity detection signal, so that compressed air is sprayed into the bottom of the sand box (1) through the air inlet pipe from the pneumatic injection assembly to fluff the sand particles in the sand box (1), blow away moisture, and prevent caking; at the same time, the compressed air sprayed into the sand box (1) is discharged from the sand box (1) through the exhaust component (6).

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