A method for simultaneously renewing varieties and tree shapes of mature pear trees

Abstract

The invention provides a method for simultaneously updating the variety and tree shape of mature pear trees, and relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation. The invention utilizes the strong growth potential of nutrient branches to update the entire tree body while updating the variety, which not only has little impact on the economic yield of the pear orchard, but also can update and transform the tree shape according to production needs, thereby extending the later fruiting period of the pear tree. The invention uses nutrient branches drawn from the base of the main trunk of the pear tree for grafting and cultivation, and the branches grown after grafting are used as the main trunk of the new tree shape for cultivation, and the original fruiting branch group is continued to be retained. After the branches of the cultivated tree shape grow and have the ability to bear fruit, the original fruiting branch group is gradually retracted and thinned out, thereby achieving less impact on the pear tree yield and the renewal of the pear tree shape while changing the variety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for simultaneously updating the variety and shape of mature pear trees. Background Art

[0002] In the process of pear tree production, with the emergence of new varieties, some of the original varieties in the pear orchard no longer meet market demand, so the original planting varieties need to be replaced. The current replacement methods are mostly replanting or high-position grafting of the main trunk. Although high-position grafting can restore production faster than replanting, there is no production in the year of grafting and it takes at least 2 to 3 years of cultivation to achieve the original production, which brings great economic losses to growers; others use multiple high-position grafting on the original main branches of pear trees. Although this method can quickly restore the production of pear trees, it is not conducive to the sustainable and healthy development of pear trees due to the long production period of the original main branches. In addition, the pear trees commonly seen in coastal areas are naturally open-hearted trees. Although this tree shape can withstand the impact of typhoons, it is not conducive to mechanized operation. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for simultaneously updating the variety and tree shape of mature pear trees, which can simultaneously update the tree shape of the pear trees while changing the variety with less impact on the yield of the pear trees.

[0004] The invention provides a method for simultaneously renewing the variety and tree shape of mature pear trees, comprising the following steps: grafting and culturing nutrient branches grown from the base of the main trunk of the pear tree with the original tree shape, culturing the branches grown after the grafting as the main trunk of the new tree shape, then culturing the main branches and fruiting branch groups of the new tree shape, retaining the fruiting branch groups of the original tree shape, and gradually thinning out the fruiting branch groups of the original tree shape after the fruiting branch groups of the new tree shape have the ability to bear fruit, so as to complete the renewal of the variety and tree shape of the pear tree in 5 to 6 years.

[0005] Preferably, the grafting culture includes selecting upright nutrient branches with a diameter of more than 0.8 cm at the base of the main trunk of the original pear tree for grafting 7 to 10 days before the pear buds sprout in spring.

[0006] Preferably, the grafting method comprises branch grafting.

[0007] Preferably, in May or June of the second year after the grafting, when the base thickness of the grafted branches exceeds 1.0 cm, the branches are pulled at a distance of 0.8 to 1.0 m from the ground, with the branch extension direction being the same as the row direction and the branch pulling angle being 45 to 60 degrees to the ground, to cultivate them into main branches of the new tree shape.

[0008] Preferably, in the second year after the grafting, during winter pruning, the main branches are tied to the horizontal frame in a horizontal state, the main branch extension branches are tied with bamboo poles and other supports to be pulled to 20-30 degrees with the horizontal frame, the upper buds at the top of the extension branches are selected and cut short, the branches on the main trunk and main branches are thinned out, and the upper and lower buds on the main branches are wiped out;

[0009] In the third year after the grafting, in May or June, branches with vigorous growth are selected and tied to a horizontal trellis at an angle of 30 degrees, perpendicular to the main branch, to form side branches; during winter pruning, the main branch is pulled to a horizontal position, and the extension branches of the main branch are tied to a support such as a bamboo pole and pulled to an angle of 20 to 30 degrees with the horizontal trellis, and the upper buds at the top of the extension branches are selected and cut short; side branches with a base diameter less than 1 / 2 of the main branch diameter are selected on both sides of the main branch and tied to the horizontal trellis;

[0010] Repeat the operation in the third year after grafting until the branches cover the entire surface of the frame.

[0011] Preferably, the interval between two adjacent side branches induced and tied to the horizontal trellis is 20 to 30 cm, and the remaining branches are thinned out.

[0012] Preferably, when cultivating the main branches of the new tree shape, the branches that are consistent with the growth direction of the main branches are thinned out.

[0013] Beneficial effect: The present invention utilizes the strong growth potential of nutrient branches, and updates the entire tree body while updating the variety. Not only does it have less impact on the economic yield of the pear orchard, but it can also transform the tree shape according to production needs, extending the later fruiting period of the pear tree. The present invention uses the nutrient branches grown from the base of the main trunk of the pear tree for grafting and cultivation, and the branches grown after grafting are used as the main trunk of the new tree shape. Then the main branches and fruiting branch groups of the new tree shape are cultivated, and the original fruiting branch groups are retained. After the branches of the cultivated tree shape grow and have the ability to bear fruit, the original fruiting branch groups are gradually retracted and thinned out, thereby achieving less impact on the pear tree yield and the renewal of the pear tree shape while changing the variety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pear tree in the first winter after grafting;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pear tree in the second winter after grafting;

[0017] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pear tree in the fourth winter after grafting;

[0018] Figure 4 This is a bird's-eye view of the pear tree in the fourth winter after grafting. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The invention provides a method for simultaneously renewing the variety and tree shape of mature pear trees, comprising the following steps: grafting and culturing nutrient branches grown from the base of the main trunk of the pear tree with the original tree shape, culturing the branches grown after the grafting as the main trunk of the new tree shape, then culturing the main branches and fruiting branch groups of the new tree shape, and continuing to retain the fruiting branch groups of the original tree shape, and after the branches of the new tree shape grow to have the ability to bear fruit, gradually shrinking and thinning out the fruiting branch groups of the original tree shape, and completing the renewal of the variety and tree shape of the pear tree in 5 to 6 years.

[0020] The present invention selects the robust nutrient branches sprouting from the base of the original tree trunk for variety grafting, and then cultivates the trunk and main branches of the new tree shape; while cultivating the two-main-branch or single-main-branch trellis tree shape, the original tree is retained to bear fruit, thereby reducing the fruit yield loss caused by the tree shape change. When the present invention performs tree renewal: thinning out branches whose branch extension direction is the same as the row direction; retaining the original fruiting branch group to bear fruit before the new tree shape is formed, "pressing branches with fruits" to prevent the original tree shape branches from growing too vigorously; after the new tree shape has the ability to bear fruit, gradually retracting and thinning out the original branches, and retracting and thinning out to the base of the original tree trunk after 2 to 3 years.

[0021] The invention utilizes the nutrient branches sprouting from the base of the main trunk of the pear tree, selects the nutrient branches with a base thickness of more than 0.8 cm before the sap flows in spring, and retracts them to 5-10 cm for grafting to renew the variety. The branches grown after grafting are cultivated into the main trunk of the tree shape with two main branches or a single main branch trellis, and then the main branches and fruiting branch groups are cultivated. Before the new tree shape is formed, the original main trunk and fruiting branches are retained to continue to bear fruit. After the new tree shape branches cover the frame surface and have the ability to bear fruit, the original fruiting branch groups and main trunk are gradually retracted and thinned out, and the renewal is completed in 5-6 years, so that the pear variety and tree shape are renewed while the pear orchard yield is less affected.

[0022] Specifically, the method of the present invention can be divided into three stages, namely branch grafting, branch shaping and orderly thinning of the original tree branches, wherein the branch grafting preferably includes: 7 to 10 days before the spring pear buds sprout, select 1 to 2 healthy and nutritious branches with a diameter of more than 0.8 cm at the base of the original tree trunk for grafting. The grafting method of the present invention preferably includes: selecting one-year-old branches from a variety of trees that are healthy and free of pests and diseases, and beveling a short bevel of about 2 cm at a 45° angle at the lower end of the full bud of the branch, and then beveling a flat and oblique long bevel on the opposite side with the wood, and the lower cut of the upper end is slightly higher than the opposite side; leaving one full bud on the scion, cutting it 0.5 cm above the bud, and requiring the cut to be smooth. A straight cut is made downwards with a slight amount of xylem on the smooth side of the base of the nutrient branch to be grafted, the width and depth of the cut are adapted to the long cut surface of the scion, and the depth is generally a smooth cut surface of 2 to 3 cm long, the long cut surface of the scion is inserted inwards into the cutting cut, the scion and the cutting cambium are aligned, the scion is slightly squeezed downwards with force to make it tightly combined, and then the sheared sections of the scion and the cutting are all tightly wrapped with a grafting film, and then one end is brought up to press the top cut of the scion, and it is pulled down and tied firmly. In the year of the grafting, the present invention preferably increases fertilizer and water management in spring to promote the growth of the grafted branches, and in May to June, it is tied with bamboo poles to allow it to grow upright to prevent the grafting port from splitting.

[0023] The branch pulling and shaping of the present invention preferably includes pulling branches at a distance of 0.8 to 1.0 m from the ground when the thickness of the base of the grafted branches reaches more than 1.0 cm in May or June of the second year after the grafting. The branch extension direction is the same as the row direction, and the branch pulling angle is 45 to 60 degrees to the ground. This nutrient branch serves as the main branch of the new tree shape. During winter pruning, the main branches are tied to the horizontal frame in a horizontal state, and the main branch extension branches are tied with bamboo poles and other supports to 20 to 30 degrees with the horizontal frame. The upper buds at the full part of the extension branch tips are selected and cut short, and the branches on the main trunk and main branches are thinned out, and the buds on the back and lower back of the main branches are wiped out. In the third year after the grafting, the cultivation of the main branches is mainly carried out, which mainly includes: in May and June, branches with vigorous growth are selected and tied to the horizontal frame at 30 degrees, perpendicular to the main branches, to form side branches. During winter pruning, pull the main branch to a horizontal level, tie the main branch extension branches with bamboo poles and other supports to a 20-30 degree angle with the horizontal trellis, and select and cut the upper buds at the full position of the extension branches. Select side branches with a base diameter less than 1 / 2 of the main branch diameter on both sides of the main branch and lure them to be tied to the horizontal trellis. All side branches are spaced 20-30 cm apart, and the rest of the branches are thinned out. Repeat the work of the fourth year after grafting until the branches cover the entire trellis surface and the tree shape is renewed.

[0024] The present invention orderly retracts and thins out the original tree branches: when cultivating new tree-shaped nutrient branches, the branches that are consistent with the growth direction of the main branches (generally, the branches that are north-south according to the row direction) are thinned out to ensure that the nutrient branches have sufficient growth space and light conditions; in the later stage, the original fruit-bearing branch groups are retained to bear fruit until the new tree shape covers the entire frame surface and has the ability to bear fruit, and then the original tree branches are gradually retracted and thinned out to complete the variety and tree renewal in 5 to 6 years.

[0025] To further illustrate the present invention, a method for simultaneously renewing the variety and shape of mature pear trees provided by the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] 1. Branch grafting

[0028] 7 to 10 days before the buds of pears sprout in spring, select a sturdy open-hearted green crown pear tree and choose 1 to 2 healthy and nutritious branches with a diameter of more than 0.8 cm at the base of the trunk for grafting.

[0029] Grafting: Choose a one-year-old branch from a healthy and pest-free jade pear tree as the scion. Cut a short cut surface of about 2 cm at a 45° angle at the bottom of the full bud of the branch, and then cut a flat and oblique long cut surface with wood on the opposite side. The lower cut of the upper end is slightly higher than the opposite side. Leave one full bud on the scion and cut it 0.5 cm above the bud. The cut should be smooth. Cut straight down with a little wood on the smooth side of the base of the nutrient branch to be grafted. The width and depth of the cut should be adapted to the long cut surface of the scion. The depth is generally 2 to 3 cm long smooth cut surface. Insert the long cut surface of the scion into the cutting cut, align the cambium of the scion and the cutting, squeeze the scion downward with a little force to make it tightly combined, and then wrap the scion and the cut section of the cutting tightly with the grafting film, and then lift one end to press the top cut of the scion, pull it down and tie it firmly. In the grafting year, the present invention preferably increases fertilizer and water management in spring to promote the growth of grafted branches. From May to June, the branches are tied with bamboo poles to allow them to grow upright to prevent the grafting site from splitting.

[0030] 2. Branch shaping

[0031] In May or June of the second year after the grafting, when the thickness of the base of the grafted branch reaches more than 1.0 cm, the branch is pulled at a distance of 0.8 to 1.0 m from the ground. The branch extension direction is the same as the row direction, and the branch pulling angle is 45 to 60 degrees to the ground. The nutrient branch is used as the main branch of the new tree shape. During winter pruning, the main branch is tied to the horizontal frame in a horizontal state, and the main branch extension branch is tied with bamboo poles and other supports to be pulled to 20 to 30 degrees with the horizontal frame. The upper buds at the full part of the extension branch tip are selected and cut short, the branches on the main trunk and main branches are thinned out, and the buds on the back and below the main branch are wiped out. In the third year after the grafting, the main branches are continued to be cultivated. In May and June, branches with vigorous growth are selected and tied to the horizontal trellis at 30 degrees, perpendicular to the main branches, to form side branches. During winter pruning, the main branches are pulled to the horizontal, and the extension branches of the main branches are pulled to 20-30 degrees with the horizontal trellis. The upper buds at the top of the extension branches are selected and cut short. Side branches with a base diameter less than 1 / 2 of the main branch diameter are selected on both sides of the main branch and tied to the horizontal trellis. All side branches are spaced 20-30 cm apart, and the remaining branches are thinned out. Repeat the work of the third year after the grafting until the branches cover the frame surface and the tree shape is renewed.

[0032] 3. Orderly thinning of existing tree branches

[0033] When cultivating new tree-shaped nutrient branches, thin out the branches that are consistent with the growth direction of the main branches (generally, branches that are north-south based on the row direction) to ensure that the nutrient branches have sufficient growth space and light conditions; in the later stage, retain the original fruiting branch groups to bear fruit until the new tree shape covers the entire frame and has the ability to bear fruit, then gradually retract and thin out the original tree-shaped branches, and complete the variety and tree renewal in 5 to 6 years.

[0034] The per-acre yield of the pear orchard from the first to the fifth year after grafting and renewal was statistically analyzed, as shown in Table 1.

[0035] Table 1 Yield per mu of pear orchard after grafting and renewal (k g )

[0036] First Year Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Update Tree 1597.8 1744.5 1456.6 1703.2 1823.5 Tree not updated 2039.4 2137.8 1994.7 2004.6 2011.4

[0037] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for simultaneously renewing the variety and tree shape of mature pear trees, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Graft the nutrient branches that grow from the base of the original tree trunk, and use the branches that grow after grafting as the trunk of the new tree. Then cultivate the main branches and fruiting branches of the new tree, and keep the fruiting branches of the original tree. When the fruiting branches of the new tree have the ability to bear fruit, gradually thin out the fruiting branches of the original tree, and complete the renewal of pear tree varieties and tree shapes in 5 to 6 years. The grafting culture comprises selecting upright nutrient branches with a diameter of more than 0.8 cm at the base of the original trunk of a pear tree for grafting 7 to 10 days before the buds of pears sprout in spring; In May or June of the second year after the grafting, when the thickness of the base of the grafted branch exceeds 1.0 cm, the branch is pulled at a distance of 0.8 to 1.0 m from the ground, the branch extension direction is the same as the row direction, and the branch pulling angle is 45 to 60 degrees to the ground, and cultivated into the main branch of the new tree shape; In the second year after the grafting, during winter pruning, the main branches are tied to the horizontal frame in a horizontal state, the main branch extension branches are tied with supports and pulled to 20-30 degrees with the horizontal frame, the upper buds at the full part of the extension branches are selected and cut short, the branches on the main trunk and main branches are thinned out, and the upper and lower buds on the main branches are wiped out; In the third year after the grafting, in May or June, branches with vigorous growth on the main branches are selected and tied to a horizontal trellis at an angle of 30 degrees, perpendicular to the main branches, to form side branches; during winter pruning, the main branches are pulled to a horizontal position, and the extension branches of the main branches are tied with supports to an angle of 20 to 30 degrees to the horizontal trellis, and the upper buds at the top of the extension branches are selected and cut short; side branches with a base diameter smaller than 1 / 2 of the main branch diameter are selected on both sides of the main branches and tied to the horizontal trellis; Repeat the operation in the third year after grafting until the branches cover the entire surface of the frame.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grafting method includes branch grafting.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interval between two adjacent side branches tied to the horizontal trellis is 20-30 cm, and the remaining branches are thinned out.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When cultivating the main branches of a new tree shape, thin out the branches that are in the same growth direction as the main branches.

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