Preparation method of five-element high entropy alloy highly dispersed loaded carbon sponge absorbing material

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for preparing a highly dispersed five-element high-entropy alloy-loaded carbon sponge absorber. First, a high-energy metal hydride (MOF) rich in zinc-based triazole is synthesized as a precursor. A layered porous carbon sponge is then obtained under inert gas and high-temperature heat treatment conditions. Five metal salts are selected and simultaneously reduced with a saturated sodium borohydride aqueous solution and a hydrogen-argon mixture to obtain a high-entropy alloy loaded on a multilayer carbon network structure. This absorber achieves a reflection loss of 35 dB at 2.7 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth of 9.44 to 13.56 GHz, covering the entire X-band.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of high entropy alloy composite materials, and in particular relates to a method for preparing a five-element high entropy alloy highly dispersed loaded carbon sponge absorbing material. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of electronic information technology, electromagnetic waves have been widely used in communications, home appliances, national defense, medical devices, and other fields. Simultaneously, signal processing in electronic devices is becoming increasingly high-speed, reaching frequencies in the megahertz (MHz) range. This poses significant challenges for absorbing materials. Furthermore, since absorbing materials often operate in harsh environments such as high temperatures and air atmospheres, absorbers must not only possess a wide absorption bandwidth and excellent absorbing properties, but also possess comprehensive properties such as corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, and high-temperature resistance.

[0003] High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have been a rapidly developing research area in recent years. Their four main effects (high entropy effect, hysteretic diffusion effect, severe lattice distortion effect, and cocktail effect) give them significant advantages in absorbing low-frequency and high-temperature electromagnetic waves. Metal salts based on iron, cobalt, nickel, and manganese possess high saturation magnetization and Curie temperature, resulting in superior high-temperature soft magnetic properties compared to oxides. The addition of copper in a face-centered cubic structure improves the alloy's plasticity and optimizes its high-temperature and corrosion resistance.

[0004] As a hierarchically porous carbon material, carbon sponge can provide an unmodified carbon network for high-entropy alloys, allowing the high-entropy alloy to be firmly loaded on this carbon network. This compositional design, which combines magnetic loss with electrical loss, significantly improves the performance of the absorbing material. For example, a research team led by Li Yixing from the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Northeastern University and Zhang Xuefeng from Hangzhou University of Science and Technology synthesized a high-entropy alloy@graphite nanocapsule material (HEA@C) with a core@shell coating structure. Through the high-entropy effect of the high-entropy alloy, the interface matching and polarization performance were regulated. The effective absorption bandwidth (EAB (≤-10dB)) and impedance matching characteristics of the nanocapsules were significantly improved with the increase in their resistivity. Its effective absorption bandwidth reached 5.45GHz (12.55-18.00GHz), and its absorber thickness was 1.9mm, showing good microwave absorption performance.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary for us to design a high entropy alloy loaded absorbing material on carbon sponge to meet people's higher requirements for absorbing materials. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a five-element high-entropy alloy highly dispersed loaded carbon sponge absorbing material. The five-element high-entropy alloy loaded carbon sponge absorbing material prepared by this method contains magnetic elements such as iron, cobalt, and nickel, and is highly dispersed and loaded on the carbon sponge. This composition design that combines magnetic loss and electrical loss greatly improves the microwave absorption capacity. At the same time, the addition of copper element also improves the high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance of the material.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is a method for preparing a five-element high entropy alloy highly dispersed carbon sponge-loaded absorbing material, and the specific operating steps are as follows:

[0008] Step 1: Weigh ZnCl2 solid and dissolve it in a mixed solution of ethanol, water, ammonium hydroxide, and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). 1H-1,2,3-triazole is then added dropwise to the mixture, and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting white product is then filtered, washed with ethanol, and dried at 80°C for 8 hours to obtain white precursor powder A.

[0009] Step 2: The precursor powder A was ground and placed in a porcelain boat. Under the protection of a N2 atmosphere, the boat was placed in a programmable temperature-controlled tube furnace and heated to 1000°C at a heating rate of 10°C / min. The mixture was kept at this temperature for 2 hours and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain black powder B.

[0010] Step 3, washing the black powder B with dilute hydrochloric acid HCl to remove residual zinc ions, washing with water until neutral, and drying at 60° C. to obtain a layered porous carbon sponge;

[0011] Step 4, dissolving concentrated sulfuric acid in water to prepare a dilute sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of not less than 0.002 mol / L;

[0012] Step 5: dissolving five metal salts, FeSO4·7H2O, NiSO4·6H2O, CoSO4·7H2O, MnSO4·4H2O, and CuSO4·4H2O, in a dilute sulfuric acid solution and stirring to form a clear solution. The layered porous carbon sponge is then added to the clear solution, and the mixture is continuously stirred to form a uniformly dispersed solution E.

[0013] Step 6, adding a saturated sodium borohydride aqueous solution to solution E and vigorously stirring for 8 hours, centrifuging and washing the sample with ultrapure water and ethanol solution, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 70° C. to obtain a black powder F;

[0014] Step 7: Place the black powder F obtained in step 5 in a porcelain boat, place it in a programmable temperature-controlled tube furnace under the protection of an H2 / Ar atmosphere, heat it to 350°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min, keep it warm for 3 hours, and then naturally cool it to room temperature to obtain black powder G.

[0015] Step 8: Mix the black powder G obtained in step 7 with paraffin in different filling ratios, press into a ring, obtain a five-element high entropy alloy loaded carbon sponge absorbing material, and perform an electromagnetic wave absorption performance test.

[0016] The present invention is also characterized in that:

[0017] In step 1, the volume ratio of the mixed solution of ethanol, water, ammonium hydroxide and N,N-dimethylformamide is 5:15:4:5.

[0018] The mass of ZnCl2 solid in step 1 is 5.0-6.0 g; the volume of 1H-1,2,3-triazole is 6.26-7.26 mL.

[0019] The heat treatment process in step 2 is carried out under an inert atmosphere, with a temperature not lower than 1000° C. and a time not lower than 2 hours.

[0020] In step 3, the molar concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid used is 1.0 mol / L.

[0021] In step 5, the five metal salts can be replaced by any one of the corresponding iron nitrate, copper nitrate, cobalt nitrate, nickel nitrate, and manganese nitrate hydrate in equal proportions.

[0022] In step 5, the molar ratios of the five metal salts are equal.

[0023] In step 6, the mass ratio of sodium borohydride to metal salt is 3:1.

[0024] In step 6, the sample was washed with ultrapure water and ethanol solution for at least three times.

[0025] The heat treatment process in step 7 is carried out in a reducing atmosphere, with a temperature not lower than 350° C. and a time not lower than 3 hours.

[0026] The synthesis principle of the key steps in the present invention is:

[0027] (i) Synthesis of precursors: The white precursor powder A is characterized by a high-energy MOF rich in Zn-based triazoles. During the pyrolysis process, the Zn nodes are reduced and volatilized, while the high-energy triazole ligands decompose and produce a large amount of gas, forming a hierarchical porous carbon sponge.

[0028] (2) Formation of five-element high entropy alloy loaded carbon sponge absorbing material: The metal ions loaded on the carbon sponge are reduced to metal atoms through chemical co-reduction and heat treatment.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0030] (1) The precursor contains zinc-based triazole, and layered porous carbon sponge can be obtained during the heat treatment process.

[0031] (2) By regulating the type of metal salt to achieve high entropy alloy particle composition control, this method can be applied to other metals and is a scalable synthesis strategy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the preparation method of the five-element high entropy alloy highly dispersed loaded carbon sponge absorbing material of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is the XRD pattern of the five-element high entropy alloy loaded carbon sponge absorbing material of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the reflection loss value of the five-element high entropy alloy loaded carbon sponge absorbing material of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a bandwidth diagram of the five-element high entropy alloy loaded carbon sponge absorbing material of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a real part diagram of the dielectric loss of the five-element high entropy alloy loaded carbon sponge absorbing material of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 This is the imaginary part diagram of the dielectric loss of the five-element high entropy alloy loaded carbon sponge absorbing material of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 This is a graph of the dielectric loss tangent of the five-element high entropy alloy-loaded carbon sponge absorbing material of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 This is a real part diagram of the magnetic loss of the five-element high entropy alloy loaded carbon sponge absorbing material of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 9 This is the imaginary part diagram of the magnetic loss of the five-element high entropy alloy loaded carbon sponge absorbing material of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 10 This is a graph of the magnetic loss tangent of the five-element high entropy alloy-loaded carbon sponge absorbing material of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The five-element high-entropy alloy-loaded carbon sponge absorbing material provided by the present invention comprises the synthesis of a high-energy MOF material rich in zinc-based triazole, loading five metal salts on a multilayer carbon sponge structure formed by the heat-treated high-energy MOF material; and reducing the five metal salts loaded on the carbon sponge by a saturated sodium borohydride aqueous solution and a hydrogen-argon mixed gas.

[0043] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0044] Example 1:

[0045] The preparation method of the five-element high entropy alloy highly dispersed loaded carbon sponge absorbing material of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 The specific steps are as follows:

[0046] Step 1: Weigh 5.0g of ZnCl2 solid and dissolve it in a mixed solution of ethanol, water, ammonium hydroxide, and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). 1H-1,2,3-triazole is then added dropwise to the mixture and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting white product is then filtered, washed with ethanol, and finally dried at 80°C for 8 hours to obtain white precursor powder A.

[0047] Step 2: The precursor powder A was ground and placed in a porcelain boat. Under the protection of a N2 atmosphere, the boat was placed in a programmable temperature-controlled tube furnace and heated to 1000°C at a heating rate of 10°C / min. The mixture was kept at this temperature for 2 hours and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain black powder B.

[0048] Step 3: Wash the black powder B with dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) to remove residual metallic zinc, wash with water until neutral, and dry at 60° C. to obtain a layered porous carbon sponge;

[0049] Step 4, dissolving concentrated sulfuric acid in water to prepare a dilute sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of not less than 0.002 mol / L;

[0050] Step 5: dissolving five metal salts, FeSO4·7H2O, NiSO4·6H2O, CoSO4·7H2O, MnSO4·4H2O, and CuSO4·5H2O, in a dilute sulfuric acid solution and stirring to form a clear solution. The layered porous carbon sponge is then added to the clear solution, and the mixture is continuously stirred to form a uniformly dispersed solution E.

[0051] Step 6: Add a saturated aqueous sodium borohydride solution to Solution E and stir vigorously for 8 hours. Separate the sample from the mixture by centrifugation. Then, wash the sample with ultrapure water and ethanol solution and dry it in a vacuum drying oven at 70°C to obtain a black powder F.

[0052] Step 7: Place the black powder F obtained in step 5 in a porcelain boat, place it in a programmable temperature-controlled tube furnace under the protection of an H2 / Ar atmosphere, heat it to 350°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min, keep it warm for 3 hours, and then naturally cool it to room temperature to obtain black powder G.

[0053] Step 8: The black powder G obtained in step 7 is mixed with paraffin wax in different filling ratios, pressed into rings, and then tested for electromagnetic wave absorption performance.

[0054] Example 2:

[0055] The preparation method of the five-element high entropy alloy highly dispersed carbon sponge-loaded absorbing material of the present invention comprises the following specific steps:

[0056] Step 1: Weigh 5.0g of ZnCl2 solid and dissolve it in a mixed solution of ethanol, water, ammonium hydroxide, and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Then, add 6.26mL of 1H-1,2,3-triazole dropwise to the mixture and stir at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting white product is then filtered, washed three times with ethanol, and finally dried at 80°C for 8 hours to obtain white precursor powder A.

[0057] Step 2: The precursor powder A was ground and placed in a porcelain boat. Under the protection of a N2 atmosphere, the boat was placed in a programmable temperature-controlled tube furnace and heated to 1000°C at a heating rate of 10°C / min. The mixture was kept at this temperature for 2 hours and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain black powder B.

[0058] Step 3: Wash the black powder B with dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) to remove residual metallic zinc, wash with water until neutral, and dry at 60° C. to obtain a layered porous carbon sponge;

[0059] Step 4, dissolving concentrated sulfuric acid in water to prepare a dilute sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of not less than 0.002 mol / L;

[0060] Step 5: dissolving five metal salts, FeSO4·7H2O, NiSO4·6H2O, CoSO4·7H2O, MnSO4·4H2O, and Cu(NO3)2·5H2O, in a dilute sulfuric acid solution and stirring to form a clear solution. The layered porous carbon sponge is then added to the clear solution, and the mixture is continuously stirred to form a uniformly dispersed solution E.

[0061] Step 6: Add a saturated aqueous sodium borohydride solution to Solution E and stir vigorously for 8.5 hours. Separate the sample from the mixture by centrifugation. Then, wash the sample with ultrapure water and ethanol solution and dry it in a vacuum drying oven at 70°C to obtain a black powder F.

[0062] Step 7: Place the black powder F obtained in step 5 in a porcelain boat, place it in a programmable temperature-controlled tube furnace under the protection of an H2 / Ar atmosphere, heat it to 350°C at a heating rate of 3°C / min, keep it warm for 3 hours, and then naturally cool it to room temperature to obtain black powder G.

[0063] Step 8: The black powder G obtained in step 7 is mixed with paraffin wax in different filling ratios, pressed into rings, and then tested for electromagnetic wave absorption performance.

[0064] Example 3:

[0065] The preparation method of the five-element high entropy alloy highly dispersed carbon sponge-loaded absorbing material of the present invention comprises the following specific steps:

[0066] Step 1: Weigh 5.0g of ZnCl2 solid and dissolve it in a mixed solution of ethanol, water, ammonium hydroxide, and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). 1H-1,2,3-triazole is then added dropwise to the mixture and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting white product is then filtered, washed with ethanol, and finally dried at 80°C for 8 hours to obtain white precursor powder A.

[0067] Step 2: The precursor powder A was ground and placed in a porcelain boat. Under the protection of a N2 atmosphere, the boat was placed in a programmable temperature-controlled tube furnace and heated to 1000°C at a heating rate of 10°C / min. The mixture was kept at this temperature for 2 hours and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain black powder B.

[0068] Step 3: Wash the black powder B with dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) to remove residual metallic zinc, wash with water until neutral, and dry at 60° C. to obtain a layered porous carbon sponge;

[0069] Step 4, dissolving concentrated sulfuric acid in water to prepare a dilute sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of not less than 0.002 mol / L;

[0070] Step 5: dissolving five metal salts, FeSO4·7H2O, NiSO4·6H2O, CoSO4·7H2O, Mn(NO3)2·4H2O, and CuSO4·4H2O, in a dilute sulfuric acid solution and stirring to form a clear solution. The layered porous carbon sponge is then added to the clear solution, and the mixture is continuously stirred to form a uniformly dispersed solution E.

[0071] Step 6: Add a saturated aqueous sodium borohydride solution to Solution E and stir vigorously for 8 hours. Separate the sample from the mixture by centrifugation. Then, wash the sample with ultrapure water and ethanol solution and dry it in a vacuum drying oven at 70°C to obtain a black powder F.

[0072] Step 7: Place the black powder F obtained in step 5 in a porcelain boat, place it in a programmable temperature-controlled tube furnace under the protection of an H2 / Ar atmosphere, heat it to 350°C at a heating rate of 4°C / min, keep it warm for 3 hours, and then naturally cool it to room temperature to obtain black powder G.

[0073] Step 8: The black powder G obtained in step 7 is mixed with paraffin wax in different filling ratios, pressed into rings, and then tested for electromagnetic wave absorption performance.

[0074] Example 4:

[0075] The preparation method of the five-element high entropy alloy highly dispersed carbon sponge-loaded absorbing material of the present invention comprises the following specific steps:

[0076] Step 1: Weigh 5.0g of ZnCl2 solid and dissolve it in a mixed solution of ethanol, water, ammonium hydroxide, and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). 1H-1,2,3-triazole is then added dropwise to the mixture and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting white product is then filtered, washed with ethanol, and finally dried at 80°C for 8 hours to obtain white precursor powder A.

[0077] Step 2: The precursor powder A was ground and placed in a porcelain boat. Under the protection of a N2 atmosphere, the boat was placed in a programmable temperature-controlled tube furnace and heated to 1000°C at a heating rate of 10°C / min. The mixture was kept at this temperature for 2 hours and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain black powder B.

[0078] Step 3: Wash the black powder B with dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) to remove residual metallic zinc, wash with water until neutral, and dry at 60° C. to obtain a layered porous carbon sponge;

[0079] Step 4, dissolving concentrated sulfuric acid in water to prepare a dilute sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of not less than 0.002 mol / L;

[0080] Step 5: dissolving five metal salts, FeSO4·7H2O, Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, CoSO4·7H2O, MnSO4·4H2O, and CuSO4·5H2O, in a dilute sulfuric acid solution and stirring to form a clear solution. The layered porous carbon sponge is then added to the clear solution, and the mixture is continuously stirred to form a uniformly dispersed solution E.

[0081] Step 6: Add a saturated aqueous sodium borohydride solution to Solution E and stir vigorously for 8 hours. Separate the sample from the mixture by centrifugation. Then, wash the sample with ultrapure water and ethanol solution and dry it in a vacuum drying oven at 70°C to obtain a black powder F.

[0082] Step 7: Place the black powder F obtained in step 5 in a porcelain boat, place it in a programmable temperature-controlled tube furnace under the protection of an H2 / Ar atmosphere, heat it to 350°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min, keep it warm for 4 hours, and then naturally cool it to room temperature to obtain black powder G.

[0083] Step 8: The black powder G obtained in step 7 is mixed with paraffin wax in different filling ratios, pressed into rings, and then tested for electromagnetic wave absorption performance.

[0084] Example 5:

[0085] The preparation method of the five-element high entropy alloy highly dispersed carbon sponge-loaded absorbing material of the present invention comprises the following specific steps:

[0086] Step 1: Weigh 5.0g of ZnCl2 solid and dissolve it in a mixed solution of ethanol, water, ammonium hydroxide, and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Then, add 6.26ml of 1H-1,2,3-triazole dropwise to the mixture and stir at room temperature for 24 hours. The resulting white product is then filtered, washed with ethanol, and finally dried at 80°C for 8 hours to obtain white precursor powder A.

[0087] Step 2: The precursor powder A was ground and placed in a porcelain boat. Under the protection of a N2 atmosphere, the boat was placed in a programmable temperature-controlled tube furnace and heated to 1000°C at a heating rate of 10°C / min. The mixture was kept at this temperature for 2 hours and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain black powder B.

[0088] Step 3: Wash the black powder B with dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) to remove residual metallic zinc, wash with water until neutral, and dry at 60° C. to obtain a layered porous carbon sponge;

[0089] Step 4, dissolving concentrated sulfuric acid in water to prepare a dilute sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of not less than 0.002 mol / L;

[0090] Step 5: dissolving five metal salts, FeSO4·7H2O, NiSO4·6H2O, Co(NO3)2·6H2O, MnSO4·4H2O, and CuSO4·5H2O, in a dilute sulfuric acid solution and stirring to form a clear solution. The layered porous carbon sponge is then added to the clear solution, and the mixture is continuously stirred to form a uniformly dispersed solution E.

[0091] Step 6: Add a saturated aqueous sodium borohydride solution to Solution E and stir vigorously for 9 hours. Separate the sample from the mixture by centrifugation. Then, wash the sample with ultrapure water and ethanol solution and dry it in a vacuum drying oven at 70°C to obtain a black powder F.

[0092] Step 7: Place the black powder F obtained in step 5 in a porcelain boat, place it in a programmable temperature-controlled tube furnace under the protection of an H2 / Ar atmosphere, heat it to 350°C at a heating rate of 6°C / min, keep it warm for 3 hours, and then naturally cool it to room temperature to obtain black powder G.

[0093] Step 8: The black powder G obtained in step 7 is mixed with paraffin wax in different filling ratios, pressed into rings, and then tested for electromagnetic wave absorption performance.

[0094] Detailed description of the attached drawings:

[0095] Figure 2 This is the XRD pattern of the five-element high entropy alloy loaded carbon sponge absorbing material of the present invention. It can be seen that at a diffraction angle of 22°, a diffraction peak appears and its intensity reaches the maximum; and the sharp (111) peak at around 43° means a larger crystal size.

[0096] Figure 3 This is a graph of the reflection loss values ​​of the five-element high entropy alloy loaded carbon sponge absorbing material of the present invention at different thicknesses. It can be seen that at 2.7 mm, its reflection loss value reaches -35 dB, indicating that the material has good absorbing performance.

[0097] Figure 4 This is the bandwidth diagram of the five-element high-entropy alloy loaded carbon sponge absorbing material of the present invention. It can be seen that at 2.5mm, the absorption bandwidth less than -10dB reaches 4.2GHz, which is greatly improved compared to the 3.3GHz effective absorption bandwidth of the high-entropy alloy synthesized by the mechanical alloying method.

[0098] Figure 5 This is the real part of the dielectric loss graph of the five-element high entropy alloy loaded carbon sponge absorbing material of the present invention. In the frequency range of 2-13 GHz, ε' decreases significantly and reaches an extreme point at 12.5 GHz. It can be seen that there is an obvious dielectric loss peak at 12.5 GHz.

[0099] Figure 6 This is the imaginary part diagram of the dielectric loss of the five-element high entropy alloy loaded carbon sponge absorbing material of the present invention. The decrease of ε" is smaller than that of ε', while ε" has an upward trend at the frequency of 8 GHz.

[0100] Figure 7 This is the dielectric loss tangent value diagram of the five-element high entropy alloy loaded carbon sponge absorbing material of the present invention. In the range of 2-18GHz, tanδ ε Between 0.27-0.43.

[0101] Figure 8 This is the real part diagram of the magnetic loss of the five-element high entropy alloy loaded carbon sponge absorbing material of the present invention. In the frequency range of 2-10 GHz, μ' decreases significantly and reaches an extreme point at 10 GHz.

[0102] Figure 9 This is the imaginary part diagram of the magnetic loss of the five-element high-entropy alloy loaded carbon sponge absorbing material of the present invention. In the frequency range of 2-10 GHz, μ" decreases significantly relative to μ', while μ" tends to increase at this frequency, and both reach extreme values ​​at 10 GHz. It can be seen that there is an obvious magnetic loss peak at ~10 GHz.

[0103] Figure 10 It is the magnetic loss tangent value of the five-element high entropy alloy loaded carbon sponge absorbing material of the present invention. In the range of 2-18GHz, tanδ ε Greater than tanδ μ , indicating that dielectric loss rather than magnetic loss plays a dominant role in the loss mechanism.

Claims

1. Preparation method of five-element high entropy alloy highly dispersed carbon sponge absorbing material, the specific steps are as follows: Step 1, weighing ZnCl2 solid, dissolving it in a mixed solution consisting of ethanol, water, ammonium hydroxide and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), then adding 1H-1,2,3-triazole dropwise to the mixed solution, and stirring at room temperature for 24 hours, then filtering out the generated white product, washing with ethanol, and finally drying at 80°C for 8 hours to obtain precursor powder A; Step 2: Grind the precursor powder A and place it in a porcelain boat. Under the protection of a N2 atmosphere, place it in a programmable temperature-controlled tube furnace, heat it to 1000°C at a heating rate of 10°C / min, keep it at that temperature for not less than 2 hours, and then naturally cool it to room temperature to obtain black powder B. Step 3: washing the black powder B with dilute hydrochloric acid to remove residual metallic zinc, washing with water until neutral, and drying at 60° C. to obtain a layered porous carbon sponge; Step 4, dissolving concentrated sulfuric acid in water to prepare a dilute sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of not less than 0.002 mol / L; Step 5, dissolving five metal salts, FeSO4·7H2O, NiSO4·6H2O, CoSO4·7H2O, MnSO4·4H2O, and CuSO4·5H2O, in a dilute sulfuric acid solution in an equimolar ratio, and stirring to form a clear solution; then adding the layered porous carbon sponge to the clear solution, and continuously stirring to form a uniformly dispersed solution E; Step 6, adding a saturated sodium borohydride aqueous solution to solution E and vigorously stirring for not less than 8 hours, then centrifuging, washing the sample with ultrapure water and ethanol solution, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 70°C to obtain a black powder F; Step 7: The black powder F obtained in step 6 is placed in a porcelain boat, and placed in a programmable temperature-controlled tube furnace under the protection of a H2 / Ar mixed atmosphere, and heated to 350°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min, kept at this temperature for not less than 3 hours, and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain black powder G; Step 8: Mix the black powder G obtained in step 7 with paraffin in different filling ratios, press into rings to obtain a five-element high entropy alloy loaded carbon sponge absorbing material, and perform an electromagnetic wave absorption performance test.

2. The method for preparing the five-element high-entropy alloy highly dispersed loaded carbon sponge absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the volume ratio of the mixed solution of ethanol, water, ammonium hydroxide and N,N-dimethylformamide is 5:15:4:

5.

3. The method for preparing the five-element high-entropy alloy highly dispersed loaded carbon sponge absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of ZnCl2 solid to 1H-1,2,3-triazole in step 1 is 5.0-6.0 g: 6.26-7.26 mL.

4. The method for preparing the five-element high entropy alloy highly dispersed loaded carbon sponge absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat treatment process in step 2 is carried out under the protection of an inert atmosphere.

5. The method for preparing the five-element high entropy alloy highly dispersed loaded carbon sponge absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The molar concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid in step 3 is 1.0 mol / L.

6. The method for preparing the five-element high entropy alloy highly dispersed loaded carbon sponge absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, the five metal salts are correspondingly replaced by any one of ferric nitrate, copper nitrate, cobalt nitrate, nickel nitrate, and manganese nitrate hydrate in equal proportions.

7. The method for preparing the five-element high entropy alloy highly dispersed loaded carbon sponge absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 6, the mass ratio of sodium borohydride to the metal salt is 3:

1.

8. The method for preparing the five-element high entropy alloy highly dispersed loaded carbon sponge absorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 6, the sample was washed with ultrapure water and ethanol solution for at least three times.

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