A single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning optical system and control method

Abstract

This invention provides a single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning optical system. The system includes: a frequency-stabilized laser, a polarization controller, an optical waveguide phased array, a polarization direction controller, a semi-transparent mirror, a liquid crystal phased array, a liquid crystal retarder, a polarization grating, and a computer. The frequency-stabilized laser is connected to the polarization controller via optical fiber, used to transmit the emitted single-wavelength laser light to the polarization controller through the optical fiber. The optical waveguide phased array is used to emit the laser light controlled by the polarization controller into space and perform one-dimensional beam scanning based on the control of the computer. The polarization direction controller is used to change the polarization direction of the laser light emitted into space to match the polarization state requirements of the incident light from the liquid crystal phased array. The beam emitted from the liquid crystal retarder is coupled to the polarization grating, diffracting the beam and expanding the beam scanning angle. This significantly reduces the size, weight, and power consumption of long-distance space laser communication servo systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser communication technology, specifically to a single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning optical system and control method. Background Technology

[0002] Compared to traditional microwave communication, laser communication features high bandwidth, small beam divergence angle, and resistance to electromagnetic interference. Furthermore, laser communication offers advantages such as higher transmission rates and better communication security. Therefore, laser communication is widely used in the field of communications.

[0003] Specifically, existing space laser communication boasts long transmission distances and high communication rates, and has been applied in high-capacity communication links such as inter-satellite and satellite-to-ground connections. Traditional space laser communication systems, to achieve long-distance, high-capacity data transmission, require large-aperture optical systems to narrow the laser beam divergence angle to near the diffraction limit, and the use of mechanical turntables and tracking mirrors for precise alignment. This results in large system size and limited linear scanning range. To overcome these shortcomings, optical waveguide phased array antennas have been adopted, which can significantly reduce system weight, size, and power consumption, while enabling large-angle beam scanning. This is highly attractive for the future development of miniaturized and lightweight small satellite laser communication payloads. However, due to technological limitations, most optical phased array antennas use one-dimensional beam scanning; two-dimensional scanning requires wavelength adjustment. Furthermore, high-capacity inter-satellite laser communication often employs coherent communication systems, which have strict requirements on laser wavelength. Therefore, single-wavelength two-dimensional phased array antennas are a key requirement for laser communication.

[0004] The above-mentioned problems urgently need to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to overcome at least one of the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art. On one hand, it provides a single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning optical system. The system includes: a frequency-stabilized laser, a polarization controller, an optical waveguide phased array, a polarization direction controller, a semi-transparent mirror, a liquid crystal phased array, a liquid crystal delay unit, a polarization grating, and a computer. The frequency-stabilized laser is connected to the polarization controller via an optical fiber, used to transmit the emitted single-wavelength laser light to the polarization controller through the optical fiber. The polarization controller controls the polarization state of the laser. The optical waveguide phased array emits the laser light, controlled by the polarization controller, into space and performs one-dimensional scanning based on the computer's control. Beam scanning; the polarization direction controller is used to change the polarization direction of the laser emitted into space to match the polarization state requirement of the incident light of the liquid crystal phased array; the semi-transparent mirror is used to transmit the laser emitted by the polarization direction controller into the liquid crystal phased array; the liquid crystal phased array is used to perform two-dimensional beam scanning based on the control of the computer, and the beam is coupled to the liquid crystal retarder via the semi-transparent mirror; the liquid crystal retarder is used to dynamically adjust the polarization state of the laser coupled to the liquid crystal retarder based on the control of the computer; the beam emitted from the liquid crystal retarder is coupled to a polarization grating, and the polarization grating is used to diffract the beam to expand the beam scanning angle.

[0006] Optionally, the polarization direction controller includes a polarizer and a half-wave plate; one side of the polarizer is connected to the optical waveguide phased array, and the other side is connected to the half-wave plate; the other side of the half-wave plate is connected to the semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror; the polarizer is used to receive the laser emitted by the optical waveguide phased array and control the received laser to be linearly polarized light; the half-wave plate is used to change the direction of the linearly polarized light to match the polarization state requirement of the incident light of the liquid crystal phased array.

[0007] Optionally, the array elements of the liquid crystal phased array are perpendicular to the array element directions of the optical waveguide phased array.

[0008] Optionally, the system further includes a beam controller, one end of which is connected to the computer and the other end to the liquid crystal phased array; the computer controls the beam controller to drive the liquid crystal phased array and control the beam to perform two-dimensional beam scanning.

[0009] Optionally, the system further includes a λ / 4 waveplate, one end of which is connected to a semi-transparent mirror and the other end to a liquid crystal retarder; the λ / 4 waveplate is used to convert the received linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light.

[0010] Optionally, the fast axis of the λ / 4 waveplate makes an angle of 45° with the direction of linearly polarized light.

[0011] Optionally, the system further includes a voltage controller, one end of which is connected to the computer and the other end of which is connected to the liquid crystal retarder; the computer controls the voltage controller to drive the liquid crystal retarder to dynamically adjust the polarization state of the laser.

[0012] Optionally, the computer controls the voltage controller to drive the liquid crystal delay unit, thereby switching the polarization state of the laser from left-handed circularly polarized light to right-handed circularly polarized light.

[0013] Optionally, the polarized light is used to perform ±1st order diffraction on the beam, wherein the ±1st order diffraction angle of the polarization grating is consistent with the beam control angle range of the liquid crystal phased array.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning control method, the method comprising: a frequency-stabilized laser connected to the polarization controller via an optical fiber, transmitting the emitted single-wavelength laser to the polarization controller via the optical fiber; controlling the polarization state of the laser based on the polarization controller; emitting the laser controlled by the polarization controller into space based on an optical waveguide phased array, and performing one-dimensional beam scanning of the laser based on computer control; changing the polarization direction of the laser emitted into space based on a polarization direction controller to match the polarization state requirement of the incident light of the liquid crystal phased array; transmitting the laser emitted by the polarization direction controller into the liquid crystal phased array based on a semi-transparent mirror; the liquid crystal phased array performing two-dimensional beam scanning of the laser based on computer control, the beam being coupled to a liquid crystal retarder via the semi-transparent mirror; the liquid crystal retarder dynamically adjusting the polarization state of the laser coupled to the liquid crystal retarder based on computer control; the beam emitted from the liquid crystal retarder being coupled to a polarization grating, the polarization grating diffracting the beam to expand the beam scanning angle.

[0015] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing one or more instructions for causing the computer to execute the above-described single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning control method.

[0016] In another aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising: a memory and a processor; the memory storing at least one program instruction; the processor loading and executing the at least one program instruction to implement the above-described single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning control method.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning optical system, the system comprising: a frequency-stabilized laser, a polarization controller, an optical waveguide phased array, a polarization direction controller, a semi-transparent mirror, a liquid crystal phased array, a liquid crystal delay unit, a polarization grating, and a computer; the frequency-stabilized laser is connected to the polarization controller via an optical fiber, for transmitting the emitted single-wavelength laser to the polarization controller via the optical fiber; the polarization controller is used to control the polarization state of the laser; the optical waveguide phased array is used to emit the laser controlled by the polarization controller into space, and performs one-dimensional beam scanning based on the control of the computer; The polarization direction controller is used to change the polarization direction of the laser emitted into space to match the polarization state requirement of the incident light of the liquid crystal phased array. The semi-transparent mirror is used to transmit the laser emitted by the polarization direction controller into the liquid crystal phased array. The liquid crystal phased array is used for two-dimensional beam scanning based on the control of the computer. The beam is coupled to a liquid crystal retarder via the semi-transparent mirror. The liquid crystal retarder is used to dynamically adjust the polarization state of the laser coupled to the liquid crystal retarder based on the control of the computer. The beam emitted from the liquid crystal retarder is coupled to a polarization grating, which is used to diffract the beam and expand the beam scanning angle. This system can achieve two-dimensional large-angle continuous deflection of a single-wavelength beam, greatly reducing the size, weight, and power consumption of long-distance space laser communication servo systems. It overcomes the problem of separating the incident and emitted beams of reflective liquid crystal phased arrays, improves the integration of space laser communication system terminals, and can be widely used in long-distance, high-capacity space laser communication links such as inter-satellite and satellite-to-ground communication, providing a foundation for next-generation miniaturized spaceborne laser communication terminals. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning optical system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning control method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a partial block diagram of the electronic device provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0022] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0023] Frequency stabilized laser-1;

[0024] Polarization controller-2;

[0025] Optical waveguide phased array-3;

[0026] Polarization direction controller-4;

[0027] Semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror-5;

[0028] LCD Phased Array-6;

[0029] LCD Delay Unit-7;

[0030] Polarizing grating-8;

[0031] Computer-9;

[0032] Wave controller-10;

[0033] Voltage controller-11;

[0034] λ / 4 waveplate -12;

[0035] Polarizer-401;

[0036] Half-wave plate -402. Detailed Implementation

[0037] Before discussing the exemplary embodiments in more detail, it should be noted that some exemplary embodiments are described as processes or methods depicted as flowcharts. Although the flowcharts describe the operations as sequential processes, many of these operations can be performed in parallel, concurrently, or simultaneously. Furthermore, the order of the operations can be rearranged. The process can be terminated when its operation is completed, but may also have additional steps not included in the figures. The process can correspond to a method, function, procedure, subroutine, subroutine, etc.

[0038] It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," etc., may be used herein to describe various units, these units should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used merely to distinguish one unit from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments, a first unit may be referred to as a second unit, and similarly, a second unit may be referred to as a first unit. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0039] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, illustrating only the basic structure of the invention, and therefore only show the components relevant to the invention.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] Please see Figure 1The present invention provides a single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning optical system, the system comprising: a frequency-stabilized laser 1, a polarization controller 2, an optical waveguide phased array 3, a polarization direction controller 4, a semi-transparent mirror 5, a liquid crystal phased array 6, a liquid crystal delay unit 7, a polarization grating 8, and a computer 9.

[0042] For ease of subsequent understanding, the overall inventive concept of this invention is described here:

[0043] After passing through a polarization controller, the frequency-stabilized light source controls the laser polarization state. The coupled optical waveguide phased array antenna is controlled by a computer for one-dimensional beam control. Subsequently, the elliptically polarized light is converted into linearly polarized light that meets the incident conditions of the liquid crystal phased array through a polarizer and a half-wave plate. The liquid crystal phased array is controlled by a computer for two-dimensional beam control. After reflection, the light is transmitted again through a semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror to a λ / 4 wave plate, where the linearly polarized light is converted into circularly polarized light and then reaches the liquid crystal retarder. The liquid crystal retarder is controlled by a computer to change the wavefront phase of the beam to meet the incident conditions of the polarization grating. The beam scanning angle is then increased by the polarization grating before the light is emitted.

[0044] The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0045] As an example, the frequency-stabilized laser 1 is connected to the polarization controller 2 via an optical fiber. This polarization controller transmits the emitted single-wavelength laser light through the optical fiber to the polarization controller 2, ensuring the linearly polarized light direction matches the optical waveguide phased array 3 before coupling it to the optical waveguide phased array 3 and emitting it into space. The optical waveguide phased array operates at a wavelength of 1550 nm and has 128 array element channels. The polarization controller 2 controls the polarization state of the laser light.

[0046] As an example, the optical waveguide phased array 3 is used to emit a laser beam controlled by the polarization controller 2 into space, and performs one-dimensional beam scanning based on the control of the computer 9. The polarization direction controller 4 is used to change the polarization direction of the laser emitted into space to match the polarization state requirement of the incident light from the liquid crystal phased array 6.

[0047] Optionally, the polarization direction controller 4 includes a polarizer 401 and a half-wave plate 402; one side of the polarizer 401 is connected to the optical waveguide phased array 3, and the other side is connected to the half-wave plate 402; the other side of the half-wave plate 402 is connected to the semi-transparent mirror 5; the polarizer 401 is used to receive the laser emitted by the optical waveguide phased array 3 and control the received laser to be linearly polarized light; the half-wave plate 402 is used to change the direction of the linearly polarized light to match the polarization state requirement of the incident light of the liquid crystal phased array 6. Specifically, the computer 9 controls the optical waveguide phased array 3 to perform a one-dimensional beam scan, transmits the beam to the polarizer 401 to make the beam linearly polarized light, and then changes the direction of the linearly polarized light via the half-wave plate 402 to match the polarization state requirement of the incident light of the liquid crystal phased array 6.

[0048] As an example, the semi-transparent mirror 5 is used to transmit the laser emitted by the polarization direction controller 4 into the liquid crystal phased array 6, which is used to perform two-dimensional beam scanning based on the control of the computer 9, and the beam is coupled to the liquid crystal delay unit 7 via the semi-transparent mirror 5.

[0049] Optionally, the linearly polarized light emitted from the half-wave plate 402 is transmitted through the semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror 5 to the liquid crystal phased array 6. The computer 9 controls the liquid crystal phased array 6 to achieve two-dimensional beam scanning. The array elements of the liquid crystal phased array 6 are perpendicular to the array elements of the optical waveguide phased array 3. The semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirror 5 has a 1550nm anti-reflection coating on one side and a 1550nm anti-reflection coating on the other side. The liquid crystal phased array 6 is reflective, operates at a wavelength of 1550nm, and has an element spacing of 7μm.

[0050] Optionally, the system further includes a beam controller 10, one end of which is connected to the computer 9 and the other end to the liquid crystal phased array 6. The computer 9 controls the beam controller 10 to drive the liquid crystal phased array 6 and control the beam to perform two-dimensional beam scanning. The beam controller employs a multi-channel digital-to-analog converter, with the number of channels corresponding to the number of elements in the liquid crystal phased array.

[0051] As an example, the liquid crystal retarder 7 is used to dynamically adjust the polarization state of the laser coupled to the liquid crystal retarder 7 based on the control of the computer 9.

[0052] Optionally, the system further includes a λ / 4 waveplate 12, one end of which is connected to a semi-transparent mirror 5, and the other end to a liquid crystal retarder 7. The λ / 4 waveplate 12 is used to convert the received linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light. Specifically, the light beam emitted by the liquid crystal phased array 6 passes through the semi-transparent mirror 5 again and is reflected to the λ / 4 waveplate 12 to convert the linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light. The fast axis of the λ / 4 waveplate 12 makes an angle of 45° with the direction of the linearly polarized light reflected by the liquid crystal phased array.

[0053] Optionally, the system further includes a voltage controller 11, one end of which is connected to the computer 9, and the other end to the liquid crystal retarder 7. The computer 9 controls the voltage controller 11 to drive the liquid crystal retarder 7 to dynamically adjust the polarization state of the laser. The voltage controller 11 is selected with an output voltage of ±10V, an output current of 15mA, and a fundamental frequency of 2kHz. The liquid crystal retarder 7 is selected with a C-band antireflection coating and a phase delay of 50nm to λ / 2. That is, the computer 9 controls the voltage controller 11 to drive the liquid crystal retarder 7, enabling the laser polarization state to switch from left-handed circularly polarized light to right-handed circularly polarized light. Specifically, after the circularly polarized light passes through the λ / 4 waveplate 12 and is transmitted to the liquid crystal retarder 7, the computer 9 controls the voltage controller 11 to drive the liquid crystal retarder 7, dynamically switching the beam polarization state, with the phase delay of the voltage controller switching between 0 and λ / 2.

[0054] As an example, the light beam emitted from the liquid crystal delay device 7 is coupled to the polarization grating 8, which is used to diffract the light beam and expand the beam scanning angle.

[0055] Optionally, the polarized light 8 is used to perform ±1st order diffraction on the beam, wherein the ±1st order diffraction angle of the polarization grating 8 is consistent with the beam control angle range of the liquid crystal phased array 6. Specifically, the beam transmitted by the liquid crystal retarder 7 is transmitted to the polarization grating 8, which switches the incident light between ±1st order diffraction to expand the beam scanning range. Through the above steps, continuous deflection scanning of the beam within a 120°×16° range of a single wavelength beam can be achieved.

[0056] Based on the above, the states of the different components in this application during single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning are shown in Table 1 below:

[0057] Table 1:

[0058]

[0059] That is, when the liquid crystal phased array is at -4°, the corresponding λ / 4 waveplate is in a left-hand circularly polarized state, the corresponding liquid crystal retarder is in a saturated state, and the exit angle of the polarization grating is approximately -8°. Similarly, when the liquid crystal phased array is at 0°, the corresponding λ / 4 waveplate is in a left-hand circularly polarized state, the corresponding liquid crystal retarder is in a saturated state, and the exit angle of the polarization grating is approximately -4°.

[0060] As can be seen from the above embodiments of this application, the technical solution described in this application can greatly reduce the size, weight and power consumption of long-distance space laser communication servo system, overcome the problem that the incident beam and the output beam of reflective liquid crystal phased array are difficult to separate, improve the integration of space laser communication system terminal, and can be widely used in long-distance large-capacity space laser communication links such as inter-satellite and inter-satellite-ground, providing a foundation for the next generation of spaceborne miniaturized laser communication terminals.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] Please see Figure 2 This embodiment provides a flowchart of a single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning control method, the method including:

[0063] S210: The frequency-stabilized laser 1 is connected to the polarization controller 2 via an optical fiber, and transmits the emitted single-wavelength laser to the polarization controller 2 via the optical fiber.

[0064] S220: The polarization state of the laser is controlled based on polarization controller 2.

[0065] S230: The laser beam controlled by the polarization controller 2 is emitted into space based on the optical waveguide phased array 3, and the laser beam is scanned in one dimension based on the control of the computer 9.

[0066] S240: Based on the polarization direction controller 4, the polarization direction of the laser emitted into space is changed to match the polarization state requirement of the incident light of the liquid crystal phased array 6.

[0067] S250: Based on the semi-transparent mirror 5, the laser emitted by the polarization direction controller 4 is transmitted into the liquid crystal phased array 6.

[0068] S260: The liquid crystal phased array 6 performs two-dimensional beam scanning of the laser based on the control of the computer 9, and the beam is coupled to the liquid crystal delay unit 7 via the semi-transparent mirror 5.

[0069] S270: The polarization state of the laser coupled to the liquid crystal delay unit 7 is dynamically adjusted based on the control of the computer 9.

[0070] S280: The light beam emitted from the liquid crystal delay unit 7 is coupled to the polarization grating 8, which diffracts the light beam to expand the beam scanning angle.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] This invention also proposes a storage medium storing a single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning control method. When the single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning control program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning control described above. Since this storage medium adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated here.

[0073] Example 4

[0074] Please see Figure 3 The present invention also provides an electronic device, including: a memory and a processor; the memory stores at least one program instruction; the processor loads and executes the at least one program instruction to implement the single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning control method provided in Embodiment 2.

[0075] The memory 302 and processor 301 are connected via a bus, which may include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges, connecting various circuits of one or more processors 301 and memory 302 together. The bus may also connect various other circuits, such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and therefore will not be described further herein. A bus interface provides an interface between the bus and the transceiver. The transceiver may be a single element or multiple elements, such as multiple receivers and transmitters, providing a unit for communicating with various other devices over a transmission medium. Data processed by processor 301 is transmitted over a wireless medium via an antenna, which further receives data and transmits it to processor 301.

[0076] Processor 301 is responsible for managing the bus and general processing, and can also provide various functions, including timing, peripheral interfaces, voltage regulation, power management, and other control functions. Memory 302 can be used to store data used by processor 301 during operation.

[0077] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention. Commonly known structures and characteristics are not described in detail here. Those skilled in the art are aware of all common technical knowledge in the field prior to the application date or priority date, are aware of all existing technologies in that field, and have the ability to apply conventional experimental methods prior to that date. Those skilled in the art can, based on the guidance provided in this application, improve and implement this solution in combination with their own capabilities. Some typical known structures or methods should not be obstacles for those skilled in the art to implement this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the structure of the present invention. These should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention, and will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning optical system characterized by comprising: The system comprises a frequency stabilized laser (1), a polarization controller (2), an optical waveguide phased array (3), a polarization direction controller (4), a half-transmission half-reflection mirror (5), a liquid crystal phased array (6), a liquid crystal retarder (7), a polarization grating (8) and a computer (9); The frequency stabilized laser (1) is connected to the polarization controller (2) through an optical fiber, for transmitting the emitted single-wavelength laser to the polarization controller (2) through the optical fiber; The polarization controller (2) is used for controlling the polarization state of the laser; The optical waveguide phased array (3) is used for emitting the laser controlled by the polarization controller (2) into space and performing one-dimensional beam scanning based on the control of the computer (9); The polarization direction controller (4) is used for changing the polarization direction of the laser emitted into space to match the incident light polarization state requirement of the liquid crystal phased array (6); The half-transmission half-reflection mirror (5) is used for transmitting the laser emitted by the polarization direction controller (4) into the liquid crystal phased array (6); The liquid crystal phased array (6) is used for performing two-dimensional beam scanning based on the control of the computer (9), and the light beam is coupled to the liquid crystal retarder (7) through the half-transmission half-reflection mirror (5); The liquid crystal retarder (7) is used for dynamically regulating the polarization state of the laser coupled to the liquid crystal retarder (7) based on the control of the computer (9); The light beam emitted by the liquid crystal retarder (7) is coupled to the polarization grating (8), and the polarization grating (8) is used for diffracting the light beam to expand the beam scanning angle.

2. The single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning optical system according to claim 1, characterized by, The polarization direction controller (4) comprises a polaroid (401) and a half-wave plate (402); One side of the polaroid (401) is connected to the optical waveguide phased array (3), and the other side is connected to the half-wave plate (402); The other side of the half-wave plate (402) is connected to the half-transmission half-reflection mirror (5); The polaroid (401) is used for receiving the laser emitted by the optical waveguide phased array (3) and controlling the received laser to be linearly polarized light; The half-wave plate (402) is used for changing the direction of the linearly polarized light to match the incident light polarization state requirement of the liquid crystal phased array (6).

3. The single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning optical system according to claim 2, characterized by, The array elements of the liquid crystal phased array (6) are perpendicular to the array element direction of the optical waveguide phased array (3).

4. The single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning optical system according to claim 1, wherein The system further comprises a wave controller (10), one end of which is connected to the computer (9) and the other end of which is connected to the liquid crystal phased array (6); The computer (9) controls the wave controller (10) to drive the liquid crystal phased array (6) to control the light beam to perform two-dimensional beam scanning.

5. The single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning optical system according to claim 1, wherein The system further comprises a λ / 4 wave plate (12), one end of which is connected to the half-transmission half-reflection mirror (5) and the other end of which is connected to the liquid crystal retarder (7); The λ / 4 wave plate (12) is used for converting the received linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light.

6. The single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning optical system according to claim 5, wherein The fast axis of the λ / 4 wave plate (12) is at an angle of 45° with the direction of the linearly polarized light.

7. The single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning optical system according to claim 1, wherein The system further comprises a voltage controller (11), one end of which is connected to the computer (9) and the other end of which is connected to the liquid crystal retarder (7); The computer (9) controls the voltage controller (11) to drive the liquid crystal retarder (7) to dynamically regulate the polarization state of the laser.

8. The single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning optical system according to claim 7, wherein The computer (9) controls the voltage controller (11) to drive the liquid crystal retarder (7) to switch the polarization state of the laser from left-handed circularly polarized light to right-handed circularly polarized light.

9. The single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning optical system according to claim 1, wherein The polarization grating (8) is used for ±1 order diffraction of the light beam, wherein the ±1 order diffraction angle of the polarization grating (8) is consistent with the light beam control angle range of the liquid crystal phased array (6).

10. A single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning control method, which employs the single-wavelength two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning optical system according to any one of claims 1 to 9 to perform scanning control, characterized by The method comprises: The frequency stabilized laser (1) is connected to the polarization controller (2) through an optical fiber, and the emitted single wavelength laser is transmitted to the polarization controller (2) through the optical fiber; The polarization state of the laser is controlled based on the polarization controller (2); The laser controlled by the polarization controller (2) is emitted into space based on the optical waveguide phased array (3), and one-dimensional light beam scanning is performed on the laser based on the control of the computer (9); The polarization direction of the laser emitted into space is changed based on the polarization direction controller (4) to match the incident light polarization state requirement of the liquid crystal phased array (6); The laser emitted by the polarization direction controller (4) is transmitted to the liquid crystal phased array (6) based on the half-transmission half-reflection mirror (5); The liquid crystal phased array (6) performs two-dimensional light beam scanning on the laser based on the control of the computer (9), and the light beam is coupled to the liquid crystal retarder (7) through the half-transmission half-reflection mirror (5); The liquid crystal retarder (7) dynamically regulates the polarization state of the laser coupled to the liquid crystal retarder (7) based on the control of the computer (9); The light beam emitted by the liquid crystal retarder (7) is coupled to the polarization grating (8), and the polarization grating (8) diffracts the light beam to expand the light beam scanning angle.

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