Feed additive for improving ATP utilization rate of animal muscle cells, preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and particularly relates to a feed additive for improving ATP utilization rate of animal muscle cells, a preparation method and application. The feed additive comprises the following raw material components: guanidoacetic acid, methionine, betaine, vitamin E, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, folic acid, L-ascorbic acid, L-carnitine, selenium yeast and stearic acid. The present application supplements exogenous creatine synthesis raw materials for the animal body, improves the efficiency of conversion of guanidoacetic acid into creatine in the animal body, significantly increases the creatine level in the animal body, improves the ATP utilization efficiency of the animal body under the condition of lower nutrition level (low energy, low protein), reduces the conversion of nutrients such as protein into energy for consumption, and further significantly improves the growth performance and slaughter performance of the animal. The raw materials of the present application are all nutritional additives, and do not produce residues, are green and safe, meet the urgent needs of the rapid development of current antibiotic-free livestock farming, and have a wide application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of feed additive technology, specifically relating to a feed additive, its preparation method, and its application for improving the ATP utilization rate of animal muscle cells. Background Technology

[0002] The energy level in a diet can be broadly categorized into three levels: first, energy deficiency, or semi-starvation; second, energy sufficient to meet basic needs, or maintenance; and third, sufficient energy, or production. At the semi-starvation level, the animal's energy intake is insufficient to meet its needs. To survive, the animal must first utilize its stored glycogen, then fat, and finally protein, leading to emaciation and weight loss. Prolonged exposure to this state negatively impacts health and reduces productivity. At the maintenance level, energy expenditure and intake are perfectly balanced, resulting in stunted growth and stable weight. The production level, in livestock production, represents the energy level that is practically significant, provided other nutritional needs are met while simultaneously maximizing animal productivity. Higher energy levels are beneficial for late-stage embryonic growth in pregnant animals, promote the development and sexual maturity of young animals, increase ovulation, promote fat deposition in fattening animals, and enhance milk production in dairy animals.

[0003] Regardless of the energy level of the diet, in practical applications, because animal muscle cells have a very weak ability to store ATP, the energy stored at one time can only support 1 to 2 seconds of movement. Therefore, energy loss is inevitable. Especially for animal diets with low energy levels, there is an urgent need for solutions to improve energy utilization, so that energy can be used to the maximum extent, thereby truly improving animal growth performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the aforementioned problems in the prior art by providing a feed additive, its preparation method, and its application for improving the ATP utilization rate of animal muscle cells. This feed additive solves the problem of insufficient ATP utilization in animal muscle cells. When the energy level of livestock and poultry diets is low, adding this feed additive can effectively improve animal growth performance, muscle deposition, and slaughter performance.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives of this invention, the following technical solution is adopted:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a feed additive for improving the ATP utilization rate of animal muscle cells, the feed additive comprising the following raw material components: guanidinoacetic acid, methionine, betaine, vitamin E, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, folic acid, L-ascorbic acid, L-carnitine, yeast selenium, and stearic acid.

[0007] Preferably, the feed additive comprises the following raw material components by weight: 70-80 parts guanidinoacetic acid, 1.3-3.45 parts methionine, 5-9.5 parts betaine, 0.45-1.2 parts vitamin E, 0.32-0.5 parts vitamin B12, 0.25-0.5 parts vitamin B6, 0.36-0.5 parts folic acid, 0.56-1.1 parts L-ascorbic acid, 0.5-0.64 parts L-carnitine, 1-1.8 parts yeast selenium, and 10.06-14.89 parts stearic acid.

[0008] More preferably, the feed additive comprises the following raw material components by weight: 72-75 parts guanidinoacetic acid, 1.5-2 parts methionine, 5.2-5.96 parts betaine, 0.8-1.04 parts vitamin E, 0.35-0.45 parts vitamin B12, 0.36-0.44 parts vitamin B6, 0.45-0.5 parts folic acid, 0.8-1.04 parts L-ascorbic acid, 0.51-0.64 parts L-carnitine, 1.02-1.65 parts yeast selenium, and 11.37-13.04 parts stearic acid.

[0009] The following is a detailed explanation of the function of each ingredient in the aforementioned feed additive of this invention:

[0010] (i) Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is the only precursor for creatine synthesis in the body. Creatine, a key substance involved in energy metabolism, binds with ATP in muscle cells to convert into phosphocreatine. Phosphocreatine is a crucial energy reservoir and source of energy for muscle cells. When the body needs energy, phosphocreatine transfers energy to ADP to generate ATP, which directly provides energy for life activities. Studies have shown that adding GAA to the diet can increase the creatine content in the body, thereby increasing the animal's energy reserves and improving growth performance and health, especially beneficial for animals in specific physiological stages, such as fattening animals and livestock under stress.

[0011] (ii) In animals, guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) must undergo methylation to be converted into creatine. However, animals cannot synthesize methyl groups on their own, and the background methyl groups in feed are usually only sufficient to meet the animal's own metabolic needs. Therefore, when adding GAA, the appropriate combination of methyl donors is key to improving its physiological activity. Methionine and betaine provide sufficient methyl donor raw materials for GAA to compensate for insufficient methyl levels and improve the efficiency of GAA's conversion into creatine in vivo. Combining GAA with methionine and betaine creates a synergistic effect, promoting animal growth and increasing protein deposition in muscle.

[0012] (iii) Increased muscle protein deposition leads to meat quality problems. This invention improves muscle antioxidant capacity and meat quality by simultaneously combining yeast selenium, vitamin E, L-ascorbic acid and L-carnitine.

[0013] (iv) Homocysteine ​​accumulation is an unavoidable problem when guanidinoacetic acid is added at high doses. This invention combines vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and folic acid to improve the utilization efficiency of methyl groups and promote the cycling and conversion of homocysteine, thereby avoiding damage to the animal body caused by homocysteine ​​accumulation.

[0014] (v) In practical applications, the stability of guanidinoacetic acid and methyl donors and their absorption efficiency in the animal intestines should also be considered. Coating with stearic acid can improve their stability in the feed processing process and in the animal's stomach, and increase their concentration in the small intestine, thereby achieving the expected application effect.

[0015] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the aforementioned feed additive, comprising the following steps:

[0016] (1) Take each raw material and crush it to 60 mesh or finer to obtain fine particles of each raw material for later use;

[0017] (2) Mix the fine particles of vitamin E, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, folic acid, L-ascorbic acid and L-carnitine evenly, and then mix the evenly mixed raw materials with the remaining fine particles to obtain micro-pill cores.

[0018] (3) Stearic acid is heated to melt, preferably to above 60°C, and then the melted stearic acid is evenly sprayed onto the surface of the micro pellet core through an atomizing nozzle to obtain enteric coated micro pellets, which are the feed additives that improve the ATP utilization rate of animal muscle cells.

[0019] Guanidinoacetic acid, methionine, betaine, and other substances are easily depleted in the early part of the animal digestive tract, making it impossible for them to reach the middle and posterior parts of the small intestine and maintain an effective concentration. This invention atomizes stearic acid and evenly sprays it onto the surface of a pellet containing guanidinoacetic acid, methionine, betaine, and other substances as core materials. This improves the pellet's ability to withstand acid and alkali contents in the early part of the digestive tract, maintaining the concentration of active ingredients in the hindgut at a relatively stable high level. This, in turn, increases the efficiency of guanidinoacetic acid conversion to creatine and improves the utilization rate of ATP by muscle cells.

[0020] In another aspect, the present invention provides an animal feed comprising the aforementioned feed additive. Preferably, the amount of the feed additive in the animal feed is 0.06-0.1%.

[0021] In another aspect, the present invention provides the application of the aforementioned feed additive, specifically, it can be applied to animal feed including but not limited to pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons, quails, partridges, pheasants, and fish to improve the ATP utilization rate of animal muscle cells.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0023] The feed additive provided by this invention uses guanidinoacetic acid, methionine, betaine, vitamin E, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, folic acid, L-ascorbic acid, L-carnitine, and yeast selenium as main raw materials, supplemented in a suitable weight ratio. This allows the effects of each raw material to support and synergistically enhance each other, supplementing the animal body with exogenous raw materials for creatine synthesis while improving the efficiency of guanidinoacetic acid conversion to creatine within the animal's body. This significantly increases creatine levels in the animal's body, improves the animal's ATP utilization efficiency under low nutritional conditions (low energy, low protein), and reduces the consumption of protein and other nutrients as energy, thereby significantly improving animal growth and slaughter performance. The raw materials of this invention are all nutritional additives, leaving no residues, and are green and safe, meeting the urgent needs of the rapidly developing antibiotic-free livestock industry, with broad application prospects. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other implementation methods obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention. Wherein, 1 part represents 1g, and the mixing and stirring machine is the product with patent number ZL202011515256.8.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] A feed additive for improving ATP utilization in animal muscle cells, comprising: 70 parts guanidinoacetic acid, 3.45 parts methionine, 5.96 parts betaine, 0.8 parts vitamin E, 0.5 parts vitamin B12, 0.5 parts vitamin B6, 0.5 parts folic acid, 1.1 parts L-ascorbic acid, 0.5 parts L-carnitine, 1.8 parts yeast selenium, and 14.89 parts stearic acid.

[0027] Preparation method: (1) Take each raw material and crush it to 60 mesh to obtain fine particles of each raw material for later use; (2) Mix and stir the fine particles of each raw material, including vitamin E, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, folic acid, L-ascorbic acid and L-carnitine, and then mix and stir the mixed raw material with the remaining fine particles of each raw material to obtain micro pellet core; (3) Heat stearic acid to 60°C to melt it, and then spray the melted stearic acid evenly onto the surface of the micro pellet core through an atomizing nozzle to obtain enteric coated micro pellet, which is the feed additive that improves the ATP utilization rate of animal muscle cells.

[0028] Example 2

[0029] A feed additive for improving ATP utilization in animal muscle cells, comprising: 75 parts guanidinoacetic acid, 2 parts methionine, 5.2 parts betaine, 1.2 parts vitamin E, 0.35 parts vitamin B12, 0.25 parts vitamin B6, 0.5 parts folic acid, 0.8 parts L-ascorbic acid, 0.64 parts L-carnitine, 1.02 parts yeast selenium, and 13.04 parts stearic acid.

[0030] Preparation method: (1) Take each raw material and crush it to 80 mesh to obtain fine particles of each raw material for later use; (2) Mix and stir the fine particles of each raw material, including vitamin E, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, folic acid, L-ascorbic acid and L-carnitine, and then mix and stir the mixed raw material with the remaining fine particles of each raw material to obtain micro pellet core; (3) Heat stearic acid to 70°C to melt it, and then spray the melted stearic acid evenly onto the surface of the micro pellet core through an atomizing nozzle to obtain enteric coated micro pellet, which is the feed additive that improves the ATP utilization rate of animal muscle cells.

[0031] Example 3

[0032] A feed additive for improving ATP utilization in animal muscle cells, comprising: 72 parts guanidinoacetic acid, 1.5 parts methionine, 9.5 parts betaine, 1.04 parts vitamin E, 0.45 parts vitamin B12, 0.36 parts vitamin B6, 0.45 parts folic acid, 1.04 parts L-ascorbic acid, 0.64 parts L-carnitine, 1.65 parts yeast selenium, and 11.37 parts stearic acid.

[0033] Preparation method: (1) Take each raw material and crush it to 80 mesh to obtain fine particles of each raw material for later use; (2) Mix and stir the fine particles of each raw material, including vitamin E, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, folic acid, L-ascorbic acid and L-carnitine, and then mix and stir the mixed raw material with the remaining fine particles of each raw material to obtain micro pellet core; (3) Heat stearic acid to 65°C to melt it, and then spray the melted stearic acid evenly onto the surface of the micro pellet core through an atomizing nozzle to obtain enteric coated micro pellet, which is the feed additive that improves the ATP utilization rate of animal muscle cells.

[0034] Example 4

[0035] A feed additive for improving ATP utilization in animal muscle cells, comprising: 80 parts guanidinoacetic acid, 1.3 parts methionine, 5 parts betaine, 0.45 parts vitamin E, 0.32 parts vitamin B12, 0.44 parts vitamin B6, 0.36 parts folic acid, 0.56 parts L-ascorbic acid, 0.51 parts L-carnitine, 1 part yeast selenium, and 10.06 parts stearic acid.

[0036] Preparation method: (1) Take each raw material and crush it to 80 mesh to obtain fine particles of each raw material for later use; (2) Mix and stir the fine particles of each raw material, including vitamin E, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, folic acid, L-ascorbic acid and L-carnitine, and then mix and stir the mixed raw material with the remaining fine particles of each raw material to obtain micro pellet core; (3) Heat stearic acid to 65°C to melt it, and then spray the melted stearic acid evenly onto the surface of the micro pellet core through an atomizing nozzle to obtain enteric coated micro pellet, which is the feed additive that improves the ATP utilization rate of animal muscle cells.

[0037] Experimental Example 1: Application of the feed additive of the present invention that improves ATP utilization of animal muscle cells in broilers.

[0038] Test materials: Feed additive from Example 1, labeled NT-PB 1 ;

[0039] Experimental Methods: This experiment employed a two-factor experimental design. 1600 healthy 11-day-old broiler chickens (ROSS 308) with similar initial weights were randomly divided into 8 treatment groups, with 4 replicates per treatment group and 50 chickens per replicate. Treatment group 1 was fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet, while treatment group 2 received a basal diet supplemented with 600 g / t NT-PB. 1 Treatment groups 3-5 had their dietary metabolizable energy (ME) levels reduced by 100, 150, and 200 kcal / kg, respectively, and were all supplemented with 600 g / t NT-PB. 1Treatment groups 6-8 had their dietary metabolizable energy (ME) levels reduced by 100, 150, and 200 kcal / kg, respectively, but without the addition of NT-PB. 1 The specific animal groupings and experimental design are shown in Table 1.

[0040] Table 1 Animal grouping and experimental design for Experiment 1

[0041]

[0042]

[0043] The dietary formulas and nutrient levels for each treatment group aged 11-24 days are shown in Table 2.

[0044] Table 2. Dietary formulations and nutrient levels for each treatment group aged 11-24 days.

[0045]

[0046]

[0047] The dietary formulas and nutrient levels for each treatment group at 25-35 days of age are shown in Table 3.

[0048] Table 3. Dietary formulations and nutrient levels for each treatment group at 25-35 days of age.

[0049]

[0050] The experiment lasted 25 days. During the experiment, the chickens had free access to feed and water. All chickens were fed and managed according to standard feeding practices. Their feeding, droppings, and overall condition were observed daily. Sick chickens were promptly recorded and treated.

[0051] At the beginning and end of the experiment, chickens were weighed on an empty stomach to calculate the average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio throughout the entire experimental period. On day 35 of the experiment, one chicken was randomly selected from each replicate for slaughter. The effects of different dietary treatments on the growth performance and slaughter performance of 11-35 day old broilers are shown in Table 4.

[0052] Table 4. Growth and slaughter performance of broilers in different diet treatment groups.

[0053]

[0054]

[0055] Note: a and b represent different letters in the subscript of the average value in the same row, with statistically significant differences (p<0.05); A and B represent different letters in the subscript of the average value in the same column, with statistically significant differences (p<0.05).

[0056] As shown in Table 4, considering only NT-PB 1 The main effect of the amount added is 600g / t NT-PB. 1 It significantly increased the average daily weight gain and breast muscle percentage in 11-35 day old broilers (p<0.05), and significantly decreased the feed conversion ratio and abdominal fat percentage (p<0.05). Supplementation with 600 g / t NT-PB was effective when ME levels decreased by 100, 150, and 200 kcal / kg, respectively. 1 The average daily weight gain and breast muscle percentage of the broiler chickens were higher than those of 0 g / t NT-PB. 1 Group 1, with feed conversion ratio and abdominal fat percentage both below 0 g / t NT-PB 1 The results indicated that when the ME level in broiler diets was reduced by 0-200 kcal / kg, the addition of 600 g / t NT-PB1 significantly promoted broiler growth, increased muscle protein deposition, and reduced abdominal fat deposition. This suggests that the addition of NT-PB1 is beneficial. 1 It can improve the body's efficiency in utilizing ATP, enabling broilers to achieve good growth and muscle development even with a lower level of energy supply.

[0057] Experimental Example 2: Application of the feed additive of the present invention for improving ATP utilization of animal muscle cells in pigs. Materials: Feed additive from Example 3, labeled NT-PB. 3 ;

[0058] Experimental Methods: This experiment employed a two-factor design. Ninety healthy Duroc × Landrace × Large White pigs with similar initial weights (approximately 50 kg) were randomly divided into five treatment groups, with six replicates per treatment group and three pigs per replicate. Treatment group 1 was fed a basal diet. Treatment group 2 was fed a basal diet with crude protein (CP) and digestible energy (CE) levels reduced by 1% and 50 kcal / kg, respectively. Treatment group 3 was fed a basal diet with crude protein (CP) and digestible energy (CE) levels reduced by 1.5% and 100 kcal / kg, respectively. Treatment groups 4 and 5 were fed the same diets as treatment groups 2 and 3, respectively, supplemented with 1 kg / t NT-PB. 3 The specific animal groupings and experimental design are shown in Table 5.

[0059] Table 5 Animal grouping and experimental design for Experiment 2

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] The dietary formulas and nutrient levels of pigs in different treatment groups are shown in Tables 6 and 7.

[0063] Table 6. Dietary formulations and nutrient levels for each treatment group (50-78kg fattening pigs)

[0064]

[0065] Table 7. Dietary formulations and nutrient levels for each treatment group (78-110kg fattening pigs)

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] The experiment lasted for 13 weeks. During the experiment, pigs had free access to feed and water. All pigs were fed and managed according to standard feeding practices. Their feed intake, feces, and mental state were observed daily, and any sick pigs were promptly recorded and treated.

[0069] At the beginning and end of the experiment, pigs were weighed on an empty stomach to calculate the average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio throughout the entire experimental period. At the end of the experiment, one pig was randomly selected from each replicate for slaughter testing to determine meat quality and blood creatine and homocysteine ​​levels. The effects of different dietary treatments on growth performance, slaughter performance, and blood creatine and homocysteine ​​levels in fattening pigs are shown in Table 8.

[0070] Table 8. Growth performance, slaughter performance, and blood creatine and homocysteine ​​levels in different treatment groups of pigs.

[0071]

[0072]

[0073] Note: a, b, and c represent different letters of the same row of shoulder labels, and the differences are statistically significant (p<0.05).

[0074] Table 8 shows that compared with the control group (T1 group), the final weight, average daily weight gain, backfat thickness, and eye muscle area of ​​the pigs in the T2 and T3 groups were significantly reduced, while the feed conversion ratio was significantly increased. Furthermore, there were significant differences between the T2 and T3 groups. This indicates that reducing the digestible energy and crude protein levels in the diet significantly reduces the growth performance and muscle deposition of pigs, and this reduction is positively correlated with the magnitude of the decrease in digestible energy and crude protein. The diets of the T4 and T5 groups were based on the diets of the T2 and T3 groups, respectively, supplemented with 1 kg / t NT-PB. 3 The results showed that the average daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, backfat thickness, and eye muscle area of ​​fattening pigs were significantly improved, and the creatine content in the blood was significantly increased, but the serum homocysteine ​​concentration did not change significantly. This indicates that when dietary energy and protein levels are reduced, the addition of NT-PB can improve the results. 3It can increase blood creatine levels, thereby improving the utilization rate of ATP by muscle cells, reducing the conversion of nutrients such as protein into energy, and thus promoting muscle deposition, improving animal growth and slaughter performance. Moreover, it does not cause a significant increase in serum homocysteine ​​levels, thus avoiding the damage to the animal body caused by homocysteine ​​accumulation.

[0075] Based on the above experimental conclusions, the feed additive provided by this invention can improve the animal's utilization efficiency of ATP, promote animal growth, and improve muscle deposition.

[0076] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A feed additive for use in broiler chicken feeding at a lower level of energy supply, in particular, the broiler chicken is fed according to the conventional feeding management method, and the animal feed is added with 600 g / t of the feed additive when the ME level of the broiler chicken diet is reduced by 100-200 kcal / kg, so as to improve the ATP utilization rate of animal muscle cells, and enable the broiler chicken to still obtain better growth and muscle development under a lower level of energy supply. The feed additive comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 70 parts of guanidoacetic acid, 3.45 parts of methionine, 5.96 parts of betaine, 0.8 parts of vitamin E, 0.5 parts of vitamin B12, 0.5 parts of vitamin B6, 0.5 parts of folic acid, 1.1 parts of L-ascorbic acid, 0.5 parts of L-carnitine, 1.8 parts of selenium yeast, and 14.89 parts of stearic acid.

2. Use of the feed additive according to claim 1 in broiler chicken rearing at lower levels of energy supply, characterized in that, The preparation method of the feed additive comprises the following steps: (1) grinding each raw material to 60 mesh or more to obtain fine particles of each raw material for standby use; (2) mixing and stirring the fine particles of vitamin E, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, folic acid, L-ascorbic acid, and L-carnitine uniformly, and then mixing and stirring the uniformly mixed raw materials with the fine particles of the remaining raw materials uniformly to obtain a micro-pellet particle core; (3) heating the stearic acid to melt it, and then uniformly spraying the melted stearic acid onto the surface of the micro-pellet particle core through an atomizing nozzle to obtain an enteric-coated micro-pellet particle, which is the feed additive for improving the ATP utilization rate of animal muscle cells.

3. Use of the feed additive according to claim 2 in broiler chicken rearing at lower levels of energy supply, characterized in that, In step (3), the heating is to 60-70°C.

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