Device and method for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors

Abstract

The present invention provides a device and method for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors. The device comprises a housing, several water quality sensors, a photoelectric conversion and data processing module, and a transparency value display and storage module. The several water quality sensors are disposed on the housing and are communicatively connected to the photoelectric conversion and data processing module. The photoelectric conversion and data processing module is communicatively connected to the transparency value display and storage module, and the transparency value display and storage module is disposed on the outer circumference of the housing. The water quality sensors include a suspended matter sensor and a chlorophyll a sensor. The suspended matter sensor is used to detect the suspended matter concentration in the water, and the chlorophyll a sensor is used to detect the chlorophyll a concentration in the water. The present invention immerses the suspended matter sensor and the chlorophyll a sensor in the water and directly calculates the water transparency using a water transparency calculation model. The measurement results are objective and the detection method is accurate and rapid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water environment monitoring equipment, and in particular to a device and method for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors. Background Art

[0002] Water transparency is a comprehensive indicator of water quality that reflects physical, chemical, and biological processes within the water. It is also a limiting factor in the growth and distribution of submerged plant communities and is often used as a key indicator for determining the recovery of aquatic vegetation and measuring the effectiveness of ecological restoration. Water transparency also affects the visual perception of the water, making improving water transparency a crucial task in aquatic ecological restoration projects.

[0003] Currently, the traditional Secchi disk method is commonly used to measure water transparency. The Secchi disk is a circular iron disk with alternating black and white colors. To measure water transparency, a ruler is inserted through the disk's center hole. The disk is first placed tangent to the water surface, and the ruler's scale is noted. The disk is then immersed in the water until the black and white boundary on the disk is just out of sight. The ruler's scale is then noted again, and the difference between the two marks represents the water transparency. However, this method suffers from the following challenges in practical application: First, the Secchi disk is significantly affected by wind and waves, preventing it from being lowered vertically below the water surface. Instead, it is often positioned at an angle to the surface, resulting in low accuracy. Second, determining the "just out of sight" boundary on the disk is difficult during measurement, and different testers have different standards for determining this boundary, leading to significant subjectivity in test results.

[0004] Literature research and actual monitoring work revealed that water clarity is significantly affected by suspended matter and phytoplankton. Chlorophyll a is often used in water quality monitoring to characterize phytoplankton abundance, and therefore, water clarity exhibits a good correlation with suspended matter concentration and chlorophyll a concentration. To address the low accuracy of Secchi disk measurements and the high technical requirements for personnel, a device and method for measuring water clarity using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors, so as to solve the problems in the prior art of using Secchi disks, such as high technical requirements for operators and low accuracy of measurement results.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose and other related purposes, the present invention provides a device for detecting the transparency of water bodies using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors, comprising a shell, several water quality sensors, a photoelectric conversion and data processing module, and a transparency numerical display storage module. Several water quality sensors are arranged on the shell, and several of the water quality sensors are communicatively connected to the photoelectric conversion and data processing module; the photoelectric conversion and data processing module is communicatively connected to the transparency numerical display storage module, and the transparency numerical display storage module is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the shell; the water quality sensors include a suspended matter sensor and a chlorophyll a sensor, the suspended matter sensor is used to detect the suspended matter concentration in the water body, and the chlorophyll a sensor is used to detect the chlorophyll a concentration in the water body.

[0007] Preferably, the suspended matter sensor, chlorophyll a sensor and the photoelectric conversion and data processing module are connected via a data transmission line; the photoelectric conversion and data processing module and the transparency value display storage module are connected via a data transmission line.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose or other purposes, the present invention also discloses a method for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors. The method employs the above-mentioned device for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors, and the steps are as follows:

[0009] S1: Collect water quality data of the application basin;

[0010] In the watershed where the device for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors is used, several points with different water quality differences are selected, and the suspended matter concentration, chlorophyll a concentration, and water transparency value of each point are collected;

[0011] S2: Set the extreme values ​​of suspended matter concentration and chlorophyll a concentration;

[0012] Arrange the suspended matter concentrations of several points obtained in step S1 from small to large into a suspended matter concentration series, and set A min 、A max The values ​​are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the suspended matter concentration series respectively; the chlorophyll a concentrations of the several points obtained in step S1 are arranged from small to large as a chlorophyll a concentration series, and B is set min 、B max The values ​​are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the chlorophyll a concentration series;

[0013] S3: Establishing a transparency value calculation model;

[0014] Substitute the suspended solids concentration and water transparency value measured in step S1 into the calculation model formula SD = a1 SS a2Perform fitting to obtain parameters a1 and a2; substitute the chlorophyll a concentration and water transparency value measured in step S1 into the calculation model formula SD=b1·Chla+b2 for fitting to obtain parameters b1 and b2; substitute the suspended solids concentration, chlorophyll a concentration, and water transparency value measured in step S1 into the calculation model formula SD=c1·SS c2 +c3·Chla+c4 are fitted to obtain the values ​​of parameters c1-c4; (SD represents water transparency; SS represents suspended solids concentration; Chla represents chlorophyll a concentration)

[0015] S4: Input of transparency value calculation model and program setting;

[0016] The model obtained in step S3 is: SD = a1·SS a2 , SD=b1·Chla+b2, SD=c1·SS c2 +c3·Chla+c4 are entered into the photoelectric conversion and data processing module; the program settings are as follows:

[0017] S4.1: First, the suspended matter sensor detects the suspended matter concentration in the water body. If the suspended matter concentration is higher than the A value in step S2, min ~A max Between, run the transparency value calculation formula SD=a1·SS a2 Calculate water transparency values;

[0018] S4.2: If the suspended solids concentration is not above A in step S2 min ~A max At this time, the chlorophyll a sensor detects the chlorophyll a concentration in the water body. If the chlorophyll a concentration is in step S2 B min ~B max The transparency value calculation formula SD = b1·Chla+b2 is used to calculate the water transparency value;

[0019] S4.3: If the chlorophyll a concentration is not in step B of step S2 min ~B max Then run the transparency value calculation formula SD=c1·SS c2 +c3·Chla+c4 calculates the transparency of water;

[0020] S5: Conduct large-scale water quality monitoring work in the basin;

[0021] The device for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors, in which the transparency value calculation model is entered in step S4, is immersed in the water body. The suspended matter sensor detects the suspended matter concentration in the water body, and the chlorophyll a sensor detects the chlorophyll a concentration in the water body. The water transparency value is calculated according to the procedure set in step S4; the photoelectric conversion and data processing module transmits the calculated water transparency value to the transparency value display and storage module for display and storage.

[0022] Preferably, the suspended matter concentration and chlorophyll a concentration in step S1 are detected by a suspended matter sensor and a chlorophyll a sensor, and the water transparency value at each point in step S1 is measured by a Secchi disk method; the number of points with different water quality differences in step S1 is 30-60.

[0023] Preferably, in step S3, the calculation model formula SD=a1·SS a2 The parameter range is as follows: 300≤a1≤450, -0.8≤a2≤-0.6.

[0024] Preferably, in step S3, the parameter range of the calculation model formula SD=b1·Chla+b2 is as follows: 3≤b1≤5, 24≤b2≤30.

[0025] Preferably, in step S3, the calculation model formula SD=c1·SS c2 The parameter ranges in +c3·Chla+c4 are as follows: -1.005×10 5 ≤c1≤-1.004×10 5 , -0.07≤c2≤0.07, 1.4≤c3≤2.2, 1.005×10 5 ≤c4≤1.006×10 5 .

[0026] Preferably, in step S5, the suspended matter sensor and the chlorophyll a sensor are immersed in the water body, and the device for detecting the transparency of the water body using the suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors can be handheld and fixed; or fixed on the hull, and the installation position is 10-20 cm below the water surface of the hull to ensure that the suspended matter sensor and the chlorophyll a sensor are fully immersed below the water surface; or the device for detecting the transparency of the water body using the water quality sensor is fixed at a fixed point in the water body to detect the changes in the transparency of the water body at the fixed point over time.

[0027] Preferably, the method can be applied to transparency detection of rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and various inland water bodies.

[0028] As described above, the device and method for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors according to the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0029] The present invention relates to a device and method for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors. By establishing a correlation between water transparency and suspended matter concentration and chlorophyll a concentration, a water transparency calculation model is established. When water transparency is detected at a new point, the suspended matter sensor and chlorophyll a sensor are immersed in the water to automatically detect the suspended matter concentration and chlorophyll a concentration in the water. The water transparency is then directly calculated using the water transparency calculation model. The measurement results are objective and the detection method is accurate and rapid. Compared to the prior art method of detecting water transparency using the Secchi disk method, this method can avoid measurement errors caused by various factors, providing technical support for water ecological restoration projects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is a front view of a device for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a top view of a device for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of a device for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a flow chart of a method for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 is a fitting curve diagram between suspended matter concentration and water transparency value in a certain embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 is a fitting curve diagram between chlorophyll a concentration and water transparency value in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a fitting curve diagram of suspended matter concentration, chlorophyll a concentration, and water transparency value in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Description of reference numerals:

[0038] 1. Shell; 2. Suspended matter sensor; 3. Chlorophyll a sensor; 4. Data transmission line; 5. Photoelectric conversion and data processing module; 6. Transparency value display and storage module; 7. Hull; 8. Water surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following describes the implementation of the present invention through specific embodiments. People skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification.

[0040] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in the drawings of this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification for people familiar with this technology to understand and read, and are not used to limit the limiting conditions for the implementation of the present invention. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change in the proportional relationship or adjustment of the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present invention without affecting the efficacy and purpose that can be achieved by the present invention. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" quoted in this specification are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of the implementation of the present invention. Changes or adjustments in their relative relationships should also be regarded as the scope of the implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0041] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the present invention provides a device for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors (hereinafter referred to as the detection device), including a shell 1, several water quality sensors, a photoelectric conversion and data processing module 5, and a transparency value display storage module 6. The several water quality sensors are arranged on the shell 1, and the several water quality sensors are communicatively connected to the photoelectric conversion and data processing module 5; the photoelectric conversion and data processing module 5 is communicatively connected to the transparency value display storage module 6, and the transparency value display storage module 6 is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the shell 1; the water quality sensor includes a suspended matter sensor 2 and a chlorophyll a sensor 3. The suspended matter sensor 2 is used to detect the suspended matter concentration in the water body, and the chlorophyll a sensor 3 is used to detect the chlorophyll a concentration in the water body.

[0042] The present invention relates to a device for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors. The device comprises a housing 1 on which a plurality of water quality sensors are arranged. The water quality sensors include a suspended matter sensor 2 and a chlorophyll a sensor 3. The water quality sensors can detect the suspended matter concentration and the chlorophyll a concentration in the water. A data calculation model is established based on the correlation between the suspended matter concentration, the chlorophyll a concentration, and the water transparency value. Thus, in subsequent detections, the water transparency value can be obtained based on the suspended matter concentration and the chlorophyll a concentration. The device has simple operation and objective and accurate measurement results, thereby solving the problem in the prior art of measurement relying on the Secchi disk method being affected by multiple factors.

[0043] Further, such as Figure 1 、 Figure 3 As shown, the shape of the shell 1 is cylindrical, the suspended matter sensor 2 and the chlorophyll a sensor 3 are arranged on the bottom surface of the shell 1, the photoelectric conversion and data processing module 5 is arranged inside the cylindrical shell 1, and the transparency value display storage module 6 is arranged on the top surface of the cylindrical shell 1, so that the operator can observe the water transparency value conveniently.

[0044] Preferably, Figure 1 As shown, the suspended matter sensor 2, the chlorophyll a sensor 3 and the photoelectric conversion and data processing module 5 are connected via a data transmission line 4; the photoelectric conversion and data processing module 5 and the transparency value display storage module 6 are connected via a data transmission line 4.

[0045] To achieve the above purpose or other purposes, the present invention also discloses a method for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors, using the above-mentioned device for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors, such as Figure 4-Figure 7 As shown, the steps are as follows:

[0046] A1: Collect water quality data of the application basin. In the application field of using the detection device to detect water transparency, select several points with large differences in water quality, and collect the suspended matter concentration, chlorophyll a concentration, and water transparency value of each point. The suspended matter concentration and chlorophyll a concentration in this embodiment are directly detected by suspended matter sensor 2 and chlorophyll a sensor 3 respectively, and the water transparency value is detected by the Secchi disk method. Furthermore, the number of points with large differences in water quality is selected to be 30-60 points. (SS represents suspended matter concentration; Chla represents chlorophyll a concentration; SD represents water transparency value)

[0047] A2: Set the extreme values ​​of suspended solids concentration and chlorophyll a concentration. Arrange the SS values ​​and Chla values ​​of the points obtained in step A1 in ascending order into SS series and Chla series, and obtain the maximum value of the SS series A. max , minimum value A min ; The maximum value in the Chla sequence is B max , the minimum value is B min .

[0048] A3: Establish a transparency value calculation model. Substitute the SS values, Chla values, and SD values ​​of several points detected in step A1 into the following data calculation model formula:

[0049] The formula between suspended matter concentration and water transparency is: SD = a1·SS a2 , substitute several SS values ​​and several SD into the above formula and perform fitting to obtain parameters a1 and a2;

[0050] The formula between chlorophyll a concentration and water transparency is: SD = b1·Chla+b2. Substitute several Chla values ​​and several SD into the above formula and perform fitting to obtain parameters b1 and b2.

[0051] The formula between suspended solids concentration, chlorophyll a concentration and water transparency is: SD = c1 SSc2 +c3·Chla+c4, substitute several SS values, several Chla values, and several SD into the above formula and perform fitting to obtain parameters c1-c4.

[0052] A4: Enter the transparency value calculation model established in step A3 into the photoelectric conversion and data processing module 5, and set the operating program; the details are as follows:

[0053] A4.1: First, use the suspended matter sensor 2 to detect the suspended matter concentration in the water. If the suspended matter concentration is higher than the A value in step A2, min ~A max Between, run the calculation formula SD=a1·SS a2 Calculate water transparency values;

[0054] A4.2: If the suspended solids concentration is not above the A in step A2 min ~A max At this time, the chlorophyll a sensor 3 detects the chlorophyll a concentration in the water body. If the chlorophyll a concentration is in step B of step A2 min ~B max Between, run the calculation formula SD = b1·Chla+b2 to calculate the water transparency value;

[0055] A4.3: If the chlorophyll a concentration is not in step B of step A2 min ~B max Then run the calculation formula SD=c1·SS c2 +c3·Chla+c4 calculates the transparency of water.

[0056] A5: Conduct large-scale water quality monitoring in the basin;

[0057] The detection device with the transparency value calculation model entered in step A4 is immersed in the water body, the suspended matter sensor 2 detects the suspended matter concentration in the water body, the chlorophyll a sensor 3 detects the chlorophyll a concentration in the water body, and calculates the water transparency value according to the program set in step A4; the photoelectric conversion and data processing module 5 transmits the calculated water transparency value to the transparency value display storage module 6 for display and storage.

[0058] Preferably, in step A3, the calculation model formula SD=a1·SS a2 The parameter range is as follows: 300≤a1≤450, -0.8≤a2≤-0.6.

[0059] Preferably, in step A3, the parameter range of the calculation model formula SD=b1·Chla+b2 is as follows: 3≤b1≤5, 24≤b2≤30.

[0060] Preferably, in step A3, the calculation model formula SD=c1·SS c2 The parameter ranges in +c3·Chla+c4 are as follows: -1.005×10 5 ≤c1≤-1.004×10 5 , -0.07≤c2≤0.07, 1.4≤c3≤2.2, 1.005×10 5 ≤c4≤1.006×10 5 .

[0061] Preferably, Figure 3 As shown, in step A5, the suspended matter sensor 2 and the chlorophyll a sensor 3 are immersed in the water body. The detection device can be fixed by hand; or fixed on the hull 7, and the installation position is 10-20 cm below the water surface 8 of the hull 7 to ensure that the suspended matter sensor 2 and the chlorophyll a sensor 3 are fully immersed below the water surface 8; or the detection device is fixed at a certain point in the water body to detect the change of water transparency at the fixed point over time.

[0062] Preferably, the method can be applied to transparency detection of rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and various inland water bodies.

[0063] Now take a certain data as an example to perform the steps of the above method, specifically:

[0064] First, according to step A1, 47 water quality difference points were selected and the SS value, Chla value, and SD value of each point were collected;

[0065] Then proceed to step A2, sort the above 47 SS values ​​and Chla values ​​from small to large, and obtain A max =50.2mg / L, A min =5.6mg / L; B max =22.83μg / L, B min =1.03 μg / L;

[0066] Then proceed to step A3 and substitute the 47 SS values ​​and SD values ​​in step A1 into the formula SD = a1·SS a2 In the fitting, we get a1 = 380.49; a2 = -0.68 (as Figure 5 47 Chla values ​​and SD values ​​were substituted into the formula SD = b1·Chla+b2 for fitting, and b1 = 3.95 was obtained; b 2＝ 27.55 (as Figure 6 Substitute 47 SS values, Chla values, and SD values ​​into the formula SD = c1 · SS c2+c3·Chla+c4, and fitting was performed to obtain c1=-100421.17; c2=2.29×10 -4 ; c3 = 1.77; c4 = 100531.56 (as Figure 7 As shown). Therefore, the above three formulas are: SD = 380.49 × SS -0.68 (Goodness of fit R 2 =0.88), SD = 3.95 × Chla + 27.55 (goodness of fit R 2 =0.72), SD=-100421.17×SS 0.000229 +1.77×Chla+100531.56(goodness of fit R 2 =0.85), where the goodness of fit R 2 The closer it is to 1, the better the fitting effect;

[0067] Then the above three formulas together with the program are entered into the photoelectric conversion and data processing module 5, and the detection device is immersed in the water body for detection;

[0068] For example, if the suspended solids concentration and chlorophyll a concentration at a certain point are 10.0 mg / L and 10.0 μg / L respectively, that is, the SS value is within the range of 5.6-50.2, then the formula SD=380.49×SS -0.68 Calculate the water transparency by substituting SS=10.0 mg / L into the above formula, and calculate that SD is about 79 cm. SD=79 cm is displayed on the transparency value display storage module 6, and the relevant information is stored at the same time.

[0069] For example, if the suspended matter concentration and chlorophyll a concentration at a certain point are 4.0 mg / L and 10.0 μg / L respectively, that is, the SS value is not within the range of 5.6-50.2, then the water transparency is calculated using the formula SD=3.95×Chla+27.55. Substituting Chla=10.0 μg / L into the above formula, the calculated SD is approximately 67 cm, and SD=67 cm is displayed on the transparency value display storage module 6, and the relevant information is stored at the same time.

[0070] For example, if the suspended solids concentration and chlorophyll a concentration at a certain point are 4.0 mg / L and 0.90 μg / L respectively, that is, the SS value is not within the range of 5.6-50.2, and the Chla value is not within the range of 1.03-22.83, then the formula SD = -100421.17 × SS 0.000229 The water transparency is calculated by adding 1.77×Chla+100531.56. Substituting SS=4.0 and Chla=0.90 into the above formula, the calculated SD is approximately 113 cm, and SD=67 cm is displayed on the transparency value display storage module 6, and the relevant information is stored at the same time.

[0071] The device and method for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors according to the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0072] 1. This invention rapidly detects water transparency by establishing a correlation between water transparency and suspended matter concentration and chlorophyll a. Compared to the traditional Secchi disk method, this invention effectively avoids measurement errors caused by subjective measurement, weather conditions, high-velocity water bodies, poor lighting, and other factors. Furthermore, the device and method of this invention are simple to operate and easy to use, effectively improving the efficiency of watershed water quality monitoring.

[0073] 2. The present invention utilizes the suspended matter sensor 2 and the chlorophyll a sensor 3 to realize real-time monitoring of water quality, and can quickly reflect the water transparency, which greatly saves the manpower and time costs of monitoring the transparency of the watershed. The monitoring results of transparency are also more objective, effectively avoiding the influence of human and environmental factors.

[0074] 3. The present invention reduces manual operations. After entering the water transparency value calculation model, no manual operation is required. It can be fixed at a certain point in the basin to monitor the changes in water transparency over time.

[0075] 4. The present invention solves the problem that the traditional Secchi disk method is easily affected by human and environmental factors when measuring water transparency. The present invention can realize real-time monitoring of water transparency, has a simple device and high detection efficiency, and is suitable for large-scale monitoring and fixed-point long-term monitoring of water transparency in a river basin, so as to grasp the temporal and spatial changes of water transparency in the river basin, and the monitoring results of transparency are more objective, effectively avoiding the influence of human and environmental factors on the detection results.

[0076] Therefore, the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcomings of the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.

[0077] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical principles disclosed herein are intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors, characterized by: The invention comprises a housing (1), a plurality of water quality sensors, a photoelectric conversion and data processing module (5), and a transparency value display storage module (6), wherein the plurality of water quality sensors are arranged on the housing (1), and the plurality of water quality sensors are communicatively connected to the photoelectric conversion and data processing module (5); the photoelectric conversion and data processing module (5) is communicatively connected to the transparency value display storage module (6), and the transparency value display storage module (6) is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the housing (1); the water quality sensor comprises a suspended matter sensor (2) and a chlorophyll a sensor (3), the suspended matter sensor (2) is used to detect the suspended matter concentration in the water body, and the chlorophyll a sensor (3) is used to detect the chlorophyll a concentration in the water body; The photoelectric conversion and data processing module (5) stores a transparency value calculation model; the transparency value calculation model includes SD=a1·SS a2 , SD=b1·Chla+b2, SD=c1·SS c2 +c3·Chla+c4; where SD represents the water transparency value; SS represents the suspended solids concentration; Chla represents the chlorophyll a concentration; a1, a2, b1, b2, c1 to c4 are all parameters; The method for obtaining a1, a2, b1, b2, and c1 to c4 is as follows: Select several points with different water quality differences, collect the suspended matter concentration, chlorophyll a concentration and water transparency value of each point, the suspended matter concentration is detected by the suspended matter sensor (2), and the chlorophyll a concentration is detected by the chlorophyll a sensor (3); the water transparency value is measured by the Secchi disk method; Arrange the suspended matter concentration and chlorophyll a concentration of several points from small to large as suspended matter concentration series and chlorophyll a concentration series, respectively, and set A min 、A max The values ​​are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the suspended matter concentration series, B min 、B max The values ​​are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the chlorophyll a concentration series; Substitute the suspended matter concentration, chlorophyll a concentration, and water transparency value of each point into the data model SD = a1 SS a2 , SD=b1·Chla+b2, SD=c1SS c2 +c3Chla+c4, get the values ​​of parameters a1, a2, b1, b2, c1 to c4; When calculating the transparency of water bodies in the transparency value calculation model, first detect the suspended matter concentration in the water body. If the suspended matter concentration SS∈[A min ,A max ], use SD=a1·SS a2 Calculate transparency; if the suspended matter concentration At this time, the chlorophyll a sensor (3) detects the chlorophyll a concentration in the water body. If the chlorophyll a concentration Chla∈[B min， B max ], run the transparency value calculation formula SD=b1·Chla+b2 to calculate the water transparency value; if the chlorophyll a concentration Then run the transparency value calculation formula SD=c1·SS c2 +c3·Chla+c4 calculates the transparency of water.

2. The device for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suspended matter sensor (2), the chlorophyll a sensor (3) and the photoelectric conversion and data processing module (5) are all connected via a data transmission line (4); the photoelectric conversion and data processing module (5) and the transparency value display storage module (6) are connected via a data transmission line (4).

3. A method for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors, comprising: Here are the steps: S1: Collect water quality data of the application basin; In the watershed where the device for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors is used, several points with different water quality differences are selected, and the suspended matter concentration, chlorophyll a concentration, and water transparency value of each point are collected; S2: Set the extreme values ​​of suspended matter concentration and chlorophyll a concentration; Arrange the suspended matter concentrations of several points obtained in step S1 from small to large into a suspended matter concentration series, and set A min 、A max The values ​​are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the suspended matter concentration series respectively; the chlorophyll a concentrations of the several points obtained in step S1 are arranged from small to large as a chlorophyll a concentration series, and B is set min 、B max The values ​​are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the chlorophyll a concentration series; S3: Establishing a transparency value calculation model; Substitute the suspended solids concentration and water transparency value measured in step S1 into the calculation model formula SD = a1 SS a2 Perform fitting to obtain parameters a1 and a2; substitute the chlorophyll a concentration and water transparency value measured in step S1 into the calculation model formula SD=b1·Chla+b2 for fitting to obtain parameters b1 and b2; substitute the suspended solids concentration, chlorophyll a concentration, and water transparency value measured in step S1 into the calculation model formula SD=c1·SS c2 +c3·Chla+c4 are fitted to obtain the values ​​of parameters c1-c4; SD represents the water transparency value; SS represents the suspended solids concentration; Chla represents the chlorophyll a concentration; S4: Input of transparency value calculation model and program setting; The model obtained in step S3 is: SD = a1·SS a2 , SD=b1·Chla+b2, SD=c1·SS c2 +c3·Chla+c4 is entered into the photoelectric conversion and data processing module (5); the program settings are as follows: S4.1: First, the suspended matter sensor (2) detects the suspended matter concentration in the water body. If the suspended matter concentration is higher than the A value in step S2, min ~A max Between, run the transparency value calculation formula SD=a1·SS a2 Calculate water transparency values; S4.2: If the suspended solids concentration is not above A in step S2 min ~A max At this time, the chlorophyll a sensor (3) detects the chlorophyll a concentration in the water body. If the chlorophyll a concentration is higher than the concentration in step S2, min ~B max The transparency value calculation formula SD = b1·Chla+b2 is used to calculate the water transparency value; S4.3: If the chlorophyll a concentration is not in step B of step S2 min ~B max Then run the transparency value calculation formula SD=c1·SS c2 +c3·Chla+c4 calculates the transparency of water; S5: Conduct large-scale water quality monitoring work in the basin; The device for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors, in which the transparency value calculation model is entered in step S4, is immersed in the water body; the suspended matter sensor (2) detects the suspended matter concentration in the water body; the chlorophyll a sensor (3) detects the chlorophyll a concentration in the water body; and the water transparency value is calculated according to the program set in step S4; the photoelectric conversion and data processing module (5) transmits the calculated water transparency value to the transparency value display storage module (6) for display and storage.

4. The method for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S1, the suspended matter concentration and the chlorophyll a concentration are detected by the suspended matter sensor (2) and the chlorophyll a sensor (3), and the water transparency value at each point in step S1 is measured by the Secchi disk method; the number of points with different water quality differences in step S1 is 30-60.

5. The method for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S3, the calculation model formula SD = a1 · SS a2 The parameter range is as follows: 300≤a1≤450, -0.8≤a2≤-0.

6.

6. The method for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S3 , the parameter range of the calculation model formula SD=b1·Chla+b2 is as follows: 3≤b1≤5, 24≤b2≤30.

7. The method for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S3, the calculation model formula SD = c1 · SS c2 The parameter ranges in +c3·Chla+c4 are as follows: -1.005×10 5 ≤c1≤-1.004×10 5 , -0.07≤c2≤0.07, 1.4≤c3≤2.2, 1.005×10 5 ≤c4≤1.006×10 5 .

8. The method for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S5, the suspended matter sensor (2) and the chlorophyll a sensor (3) are immersed in the water body. The device for detecting water transparency using the suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors can be handheld and fixed or fixed on the hull (7). The installation position of the suspended matter sensor (2) and the chlorophyll a sensor (3) is located 10-20 cm below the water surface (8), ensuring that the suspended matter sensor (2) and the chlorophyll a sensor (3) are fully immersed below the water surface (8); or the device for detecting water transparency using the suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors is fixed at a certain point in the water body to detect the change of water transparency at the fixed point over time.

9. The method for detecting water transparency using suspended matter and chlorophyll sensors according to claim 3, characterized in that: This method can be applied to the transparency detection of various inland water bodies.

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