A toepad structure on a metamorphic rock body

Abstract

A toe plate structure on a deformed rock mass, comprising a toe plate and a face plate, the toe plate comprising a toe plate upper disc and a toe plate lower disc which are mutually butted, and an anti-skid structure is arranged on the butting surface of the toe plate upper disc and the toe plate lower disc; the face plate is connected with the toe plate upper disc; and a water stop structure is arranged in a triangular area formed between the end surface of the toe plate upper disc away from the face plate and the top surface of the toe plate lower disc. Since the toe plate adopts the structure of the toe plate upper disc and the toe plate lower disc which are mutually butted, a split structure is formed, and an anti-skid structure is arranged on the butting surface, when the toe plate upper disc and the toe plate lower disc are deformed uncoordinatedly, if the force borne exceeds the friction between the toe plate upper disc and the toe plate lower disc, the toe plate upper disc and the toe plate lower disc will be dislocated to release the force generated by the uncoordinated deformation and reach a new balance state; if the force generated by the deformation of the toe plate lower disc is less than the friction between the toe plate upper disc and the toe plate lower disc, the toe plate upper disc and the toe plate lower disc will be relatively static, and the toe plate upper disc will continue to keep the supporting effect on the face plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering technology, and in particular to a toe plate structure on deformed rock mass. Background Technology

[0002] The seepage prevention of concrete-faced rockfill dams mainly consists of the toe slab and the face slab. The toe slab is usually a monolithic structure, with a typical structure as follows: Figure 1 As shown ( Figure 1 In the diagram, M represents the toe slab, N represents the face slab, P represents the filling area, Q represents stable and solid bedrock, R represents the slope excavation face, and S represents the excavation line. A structural joint is used to connect the toe slab and the face slab, and a waterstop is installed.

[0003] In the prior art, several related patent applications disclose the structure of toe slabs. For example, patent CN203716168U discloses a toe slab foundation structure for a concrete-faced rockfill dam with a deep overburden layer, including a toe slab structure set on a deep overburden layer, with multiple high-pressure jet grouting piles spaced apart on the deep overburden layer. The toe slab structure is set on a composite foundation composed of the high-pressure jet grouting piles and the deep overburden layer through a cushion layer. The upstream side of the toe slab structure is connected to a cutoff wall through a connecting plate, and its downstream side is connected to a concrete face. Another example is patent application CN110185005A, which discloses a narrow toe slab structure and construction method for a narrow valley. The downstream end of the toe slab has a downward protruding structure, the downstream end of which is connected to a cutoff plate. A vertical joint is provided between the protruding structure and the cutoff plate for water sealing. The upper side of the downstream end of the toe slab is connected to a reinforced concrete face, and a peripheral joint is provided between the toe slab and the reinforced concrete face. A special cushion layer area is provided between the reinforced concrete face and the cutoff plate.

[0004] In the aforementioned patent applications for prior art, the toe slab is typically constructed on stable and solid bedrock, avoiding areas with unfavorable geological formations and serious geological defects as much as possible. If the toe slab structure of the prior art is used on unstable bedrock, deformation of the bedrock may cause displacement of the toe slab, leading to compression of the face slab or large deformation and separation of the face slab from the toe slab. This can result in the failure of the concrete-faced rockfill dam's anti-seepage structure, seriously threatening the dam's safety. Reinforcing the foundation and slopes would require enormous investment. The topographical and geological conditions of water conservancy and hydropower projects are extremely complex, with numerous constraints. If the existing toe slab structure is used on unstable bedrock, the stability of the toe slab needs to be addressed. Common methods include reinforcing the toe slab slopes, removing unstable bodies, and concrete replacement, but these are generally costly and may even affect the dam's structural integrity. Therefore, how to construct a concrete-faced rockfill dam and install a toe slab on unstable bedrock is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to address the problems that may occur when the toe plate of a concrete-faced rockfill dam is arranged on unstable deformable bedrock, such as the toe plate squeezing the face plate or the face plate separating from the toe plate due to large deformation. The invention proposes a toe plate structure for deformable rock masses.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions.

[0007] A toe plate structure for deformed rock mass includes a toe plate and a face plate. The toe plate includes an upper toe plate and a lower toe plate that are joined together. Anti-slip structures are provided on the mating surfaces of the upper and lower toe plates. The face plate is connected to the upper toe plate. A water-stopping structure is provided in the triangular area formed between the end face of the upper toe plate away from the face plate and the top surface of the lower toe plate.

[0008] Preferably, the anti-slip structure is a pyramid, and the pyramids are respectively arrayed on the mating surfaces of the upper and lower toe plates.

[0009] Preferably, the pyramid is a square pyramid, and two adjacent pyramids share the same base.

[0010] Preferably, a rubber pad is provided between the upper toe plate and the lower toe plate.

[0011] Preferably, the toe plate underplate is installed on the deformed rock mass, and multiple anchor bolts are installed inside the toe plate underplate, with the anchor bolts inserted into the deformed rock mass.

[0012] Preferably, the water-stopping structure includes a rubber composite plate and a plastic filler; one long side of the rubber composite plate is fixed to the top surface of the upper toe plate, and the other long side is fixed to the end face of the lower toe plate away from the panel; the plastic filler fills the area enclosed by the upper toe plate, the lower toe plate, and the rubber composite plate.

[0013] Preferably, the water-stopping structure further includes a water-stopping copper sheet disposed inside the plastic filler. One long side of the water-stopping copper sheet is embedded in the end face of the upper plate of the toe plate away from the panel, and the other long side is embedded in the lower plate of the toe plate. The water-stopping copper sheet inside the plastic filler is in a pleated state.

[0014] Preferably, the rubber composite plate is fixedly connected to the top surface of the upper toe plate and the end surface of the lower toe plate by pressure plates and expansion bolts.

[0015] Preferably, grouting is performed at the location in the deformed rock mass where anchor bolts are inserted.

[0016] Preferably, the base length and height of the pyramid are 0.2 to 0.4 m, and the thickness of the upper and lower toe plates are both 0.6 to 1.0 m.

[0017] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] (1) In this invention, the toe plate adopts a structure with an upper and lower toe plate that are connected to each other, forming a split structure. Anti-slip structures are provided on both the connecting surfaces. When the upper and lower toe plates undergo uncoordinated deformation, if the force exceeds the friction between the upper and lower plates, misalignment occurs to release the force generated by the uncoordinated deformation and achieve a new equilibrium state. If the force generated by the deformation of the lower toe plate is less than the friction between the upper and lower toe plates, the upper and lower toe plates remain relatively stationary, and the upper plate continues to support the panel. By utilizing the split toe plate structure, it is possible to adapt to the coordinated deformation of the slope and the toe plate, ensuring that the toe plate or panel is not damaged by compression or tension, and coordinating or releasing the deformation stress between the rock mass, the toe plate, and the panel, thereby ensuring the safety and reliability of the dam's seepage prevention measures.

[0019] (2) In this invention, a water-stopping structure is provided in the triangular area formed between the end face of the upper toe plate away from the panel and the top surface of the lower toe plate. This prevents the water-stopping structure from failing due to the relative displacement of the upper and lower toe plates, thus forming the first layer of waterproofing. Simultaneously, a rubber pad is provided between the upper and lower toe plates, which has a certain seepage-proof function and serves as the second layer of waterproofing. By employing this two-layer waterproofing structure, it is ensured that the seepage-proofing measures can adapt to the corresponding deformation without being damaged after the upper and lower toe plates shift.

[0020] (3) The present invention has a simple structure, is easy to implement, and is safe and reliable. It can be widely used in the arrangement of toe plates on slopes with deformation and sliding. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a typical toe plate structure in the prior art;

[0023] Figure 2 The three-dimensional toe plate structure provided by the present invention Figure 1 (The water-stopping structure is not shown);

[0024] Figure 3 The three-dimensional toe plate structure provided by the present invention Figure 2 (The water-stopping structure is not shown);

[0025] Figure 4 The three-dimensional toe plate structure provided by the present invention Figure 3 (The water-stopping structure is not shown);

[0026] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along the middle BB;

[0027] Figure 6 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along the middle AA;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a detailed drawing of the water-stopping structure in this invention.

[0029] Explanation of reference numerals: 1. Upper toe plate; 2. Lower toe plate; 3. Rubber pad; 4. Pyramid; 5. Water-stopping structure; 501. Rubber composite plate; 502. Plastic filler; 503. Water-stopping copper sheet; 504. Expansion bolt; 505. Pressure plate; 6. Panel; 7. Deformed rock mass; 8. Anchor bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0032] Combination Figures 2 to 7As shown, a toe plate structure on deformable rock mass includes a toe plate and a face plate 6. The toe plate includes an upper toe plate 1 and a lower toe plate 2 that are joined together. Anti-slip structures are provided on the mating surfaces of the upper toe plate 1 and the lower toe plate 2. The face plate 6 is connected to the upper toe plate 1. A water-stopping structure 5 is provided in the triangular area formed between the end face of the upper toe plate 1 away from the face plate 6 and the top face of the lower toe plate 2. By utilizing the above structure, when the upper toe plate 1 and the lower toe plate 2 undergo uncoordinated deformation, if the force exceeds the friction between the upper and lower plates, misalignment occurs to release the force generated by the uncoordinated deformation and reach a new equilibrium state. If the force generated by the deformation of the lower toe plate 2 is less than the friction between the upper and lower toe plates, the upper and lower toe plates remain relatively stationary, and the upper toe plate 1 continues to support the face plate 6. Furthermore, the connection between the face plate 6 and the upper toe plate 1 also adopts water-stopping measures to accommodate the uneven deformation of the lower toe plate 2.

[0033] Combination Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the anti-slip structure is a pyramid 4, which is arrayed on the mating surfaces of the upper toe plate 1 and the lower toe plate 2. Further, the pyramid 4 is a square pyramid, with adjacent pyramids 4 sharing the same base. Multiple adjacent pyramids 4 on the lower toe plate 2 can engage with each other to form a slot structure, and similarly, multiple adjacent pyramids 4 on the upper toe plate 1 can engage with each other to form a slot structure. Therefore, the pyramids 4 on the upper toe plate 1 and the lower toe plate 2 can interlock, increasing the friction between the upper and lower toe plates.

[0034] Combination Figures 5 to 7 As shown, a rubber pad 3 is provided between the upper toe plate 1 and the lower toe plate 2. The water-stop structure 5 forms the first waterproofing measure, which can prevent the water-stopping from failing due to the relative displacement of the upper and lower toe plates. The rubber pad 3 has a certain seepage prevention function and can be used as a second waterproofing measure. By adopting a two-layer waterproofing structure, it is ensured that the seepage prevention measures can adapt to the corresponding deformation without being damaged after the upper and lower toe plates move. The rubber pad 3 not only plays a secondary seepage prevention role, but also helps to ensure uniform stress and tight bonding between the upper and lower toe plates.

[0035] Combination Figure 5 As shown, the toe plate underplate 2 is installed on the deformed rock mass 7. Multiple anchor bolts 8 are installed within the toe plate underplate 2 and inserted into the deformed rock mass 7. The anchor bolts 8 securely fix the toe plate underplate 2 to the deformed rock mass 7. Furthermore, to further ensure the anchor bolts 8 are firmly inserted into the deformed rock mass 7, grouting is performed at the locations where the anchor bolts 8 are inserted.

[0036] Combination Figure 7As shown, the water-stopping structure 5 includes a rubber composite plate 501 and a plastic filler 502. One long side of the rubber composite plate 501 is fixed to the top surface of the toe plate upper plate 1, and the other long side is fixed to the end face of the toe plate lower plate 2 away from the panel 6. The plastic filler 502 fills the area enclosed by the toe plate upper plate 1, the toe plate lower plate 2, and the rubber composite plate 501. Since both the rubber composite plate 501 and the plastic filler 502 are elastic and can deform, the water-stopping structure 5 can avoid water-stopping failure caused by the relative displacement of the upper and lower plates of the toe plate. In addition, to further ensure the water-stopping effect, the water-stopping structure 5 also includes a water-stopping copper sheet 503 disposed inside the plastic filler 502. One long side of the water-stopping copper sheet 503 is embedded in the end face of the toe plate upper plate 1 away from the panel 6, and the other long side is embedded in the toe plate lower plate 2. The water-stopping copper sheet 503 inside the plastic filler 502 is in a pleated state. The pleated copper sheet 503 can accommodate large deformations along and perpendicular to the toe plate line.

[0037] Combination Figure 7 As shown, the rubber composite plate 501 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the toe plate upper plate 1 and the end surface of the toe plate lower plate 2 via pressure plates 505 and expansion bolts 504. By using pressure plates 505, the long side of the rubber composite plate 501 can be pressed and adhered to the top surface of the toe plate upper plate 1 and the end surface of the toe plate lower plate 2, further ensuring the water-stopping effect, and the installation using expansion bolts 504 is simple and convenient.

[0038] To ensure the strength of the upper toe plate 1 and the lower toe plate 2, the base length and height of the pyramid 4 are 0.2–0.4 m, and the thickness of both the upper toe plate 1 and the lower toe plate 2 is 0.6–1.0 m. The pyramid 4, upper toe plate 1, and lower toe plate 2 are constructed as a single, integrated structure. In actual construction, the lower toe plate 2 can be cast in place, and the upper toe plate 1 can be cast or prefabricated and hoisted after the lower toe plate 2 is completed.

[0039] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A toe plate structure on deformed rock mass, comprising a toe plate and a face plate (6), characterized in that: The toe plate includes an upper toe plate (1) and a lower toe plate (2) that are connected to each other. Anti-slip structures are provided on the mating surfaces of the upper toe plate (1) and the lower toe plate (2). The anti-slip structure is a pyramid (4), and the pyramids (4) are arranged in an array on the mating surfaces of the upper toe plate (1) and the lower toe plate (2); the pyramid (4) is a square pyramid, and two adjacent pyramids (4) share the same base edge; the pyramids (4) on the lower toe plate (2) and the pyramids (4) on the upper toe plate (1) are interlocked to increase the friction between the upper toe plate (1) and the lower toe plate (2); The panel (6) is connected to the upper plate (1) of the toe plate; A water-stop structure (5) is provided in the triangular area formed between the end face of the upper toe plate (1) away from the panel (6) and the top surface of the lower toe plate (2); the water-stop structure (5) includes a rubber composite plate (501) and a plastic filler (502); one long side of the rubber composite plate (501) is fixed to the top surface of the upper toe plate (1), and the other long side is fixed to the end face of the lower toe plate (2) away from the panel (6); the plastic filler (502) fills the... The area enclosed by the upper toe plate (1), the lower toe plate (2), and the rubber composite plate (501) is further defined by the water-stopping structure (5). The water-stopping structure (5) also includes a water-stopping copper sheet (503) disposed inside the plastic filler (502). One long side of the water-stopping copper sheet (503) is embedded on the end face of the upper toe plate (1) away from the panel (6), and the other long side is embedded in the lower toe plate (2). The water-stopping copper sheet (503) is in a pleated state inside the plastic filler (502). A rubber pad (3) is provided between the upper toe plate (1) and the lower toe plate (2); The toe plate underplate (2) is installed on the deformed rock mass (7), and multiple anchor rods (8) are provided in the toe plate underplate (2), and the anchor rods (8) are inserted into the deformed rock mass (7); The pyramid (4) is cast integrally with the upper part (1) of the toe plate and the lower part (2) of the toe plate.

2. The toe plate structure on deformed rock mass as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The rubber composite plate (501) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the upper plate (1) of the toe plate and to the end surface of the lower plate (2) of the toe plate by pressure plate (505) and expansion bolts (504).

3. The toe plate structure on deformed rock mass as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Grouting is performed at the location in the deformed rock mass (7) where anchor rods (8) are inserted.

4. A toe plate structure on deformed rock mass as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The base length and height of the pyramid (4) are 0.2~0.4m, and the thickness of the upper toe plate (1) and the lower toe plate (2) are both 0.6~1.0m.

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