Liquid complex fertilizer

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture. Liquid complex fertilizer contains colloidal silver, macroelements and microelements in the form of salts and metal-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid chelates, additionally contains sodium tallow amphoteric polycarboxyglycine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, structured water formed by preliminary addition of shungite. All components are added in certain proportions. The invention allows to increase the following properties: acaricidal activity against common spider mites, insecticidal activity against common potato aphids, antiviral activity against tomato yellow leaf curl virus, and stability of the fertilizer as a colloidal system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to agriculture, specifically to liquid compound fertilizers containing colloidal silver, which help improve productivity and can also be used with acaricides and insecticides. Background Technology

[0002] The use of silver in the form of an aqueous solution of silver ions is known in the prior art [https: / / www.urozhayxxi.com / juss-argentum-agro]. The mechanism of action of this product is to fix and retain silver ions on the cell walls of plant pathogenic microorganisms, penetrating the cell walls and inhibiting their reproduction. A disadvantage of this method is that silver in ionic form is quickly absorbed by dust and other particles, and is also exposed to sunlight. This results in a short-term protective effect. Furthermore, silver ions are difficult to penetrate into plant tissues without a substance or form to transport them. This also limits the product's use as a plant growth regulator and its use in conjunction with fungicides.

[0003] A composition comprising Ag in chelate form is known in the prior art. + and Cu 2+ It contains ions and fulvic acid (C). 135 H 182 O 95 N5S2 acts as a chelating agent and also contains 25% organic concentrate, including flavonoids and amino acids, organic acids, humic acid and folic acid, as well as substances readily available to plants: nitrogen at a concentration of 1.25 g / L, phosphorus at a concentration of 5.5 g / L, potassium at a concentration of 10 g / L, calcium at a concentration of 0.3 g / L, silicon at a concentration of 4 mg / L, iron at a concentration of 0.5 g / L, magnesium at a concentration of 55 mg / L, molybdenum at a concentration of 0.01 mg / L, manganese at a concentration of 0.02 mg / L, zinc at a concentration of 9 mg / L, boron at a concentration of 1 mg / L, sodium at a concentration of 2.3 g / L, sulfur at a concentration of 0.1 g / L, selenium at a concentration of 0.02 g / L, as well as gibberellins, plant growth hormones, indole-3-butyric acid and cytokinins [RU 2738483, IPC C05F 11 / 00, A01N]. 59 / 00, A01P 3 / 00, A0121 / 00, Publ.12 / 14 / 2020].

[0004] This composition has a fairly long-lasting active effect as a pesticide and is also an effective agent for stimulating plant growth.

[0005] The closest to this invention is a liquid compound fertilizer containing colloidal silver, a complex of macro and micro elements in salt form, and metal-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid chelate. The active substances are: silver-0.5, boron-2, copper-9, zinc-4.5, manganese-9, molybdenum-3, cobalt-0.3, magnesium-2, iron-2, potassium-4, in g / l [https: / tdahp.ru / penetsidy / zeromix-alpfa / ].

[0006] This fertilizer has a compounding effect, designed to improve productivity, and when used in conjunction with other fertilizers, it can also enhance the effectiveness of chemical fungicides.

[0007] The disadvantages of the above-mentioned composition and fertilizer are relatively low bactericidal activity against common spider mites, common potato aphids, and tomato yellow leaf curl virus, as well as insufficient stability of the composition. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to produce a fertilizer with compound and long-lasting effects, designed to improve crop productivity and possess insecticidal and antiviral activity.

[0009] The technology can improve the following aspects: acaricidal activity against common spider mites, insecticidal activity against common potato aphids, antiviral activity against tomato yellow leaf curl virus, stability of fertilizer as a colloidal system, and reduced input rates of acaricides and insecticides when used in combination with fertilizers.

[0010] The effectiveness of this technology is achieved through the following facts: the liquid compound fertilizer contains colloidal silver, a complex of macro and micro elements in salt form, and a metal-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid chelate. It also contains sodium tallow amphoteric polycarboxyglycinate and polyvinylpyrrolidone, and impure graphite is pre-added to the water to form structured water. The composition content is as follows (g / l):

[0011]

[0012] Detailed Implementation

[0013] Liquid compound fertilizer is a colloidal aqueous solution whose active ingredient is polymer-stabilized silver nanoparticles, ensuring optimal interaction with the leaf surface. It also contains macro- and micro-elements in salt and chelate forms. This fertilizer is an effective means of correcting nutrient deficiencies in plant leaves and treating seeds and sowing materials such as potatoes, vegetables, fruits, and rapeseed. The use of modified silver nanoparticles significantly increases their contact area with the plant cuticle, enhancing nutrient transport and absorption. This makes it possible to achieve high bioavailability at low concentrations, making fertilizer use cost-effective while minimizing environmental risks.

[0014] The production of compound liquid fertilizers involves several stages.

[0015] In the first stage, water is structured using impure graphite. First, water is prepared using reverse osmosis to meet softened water standards. Then, the softened water is treated by settling in an impure graphite filter for 24 hours; the size of the impure graphite particles in the filter is 0.5 to 2 cm. In the final stage, the water obtained in the second stage and impure graphite particles with a size no larger than 0.01 mm are simultaneously added to a dispersant to further structure the water.

[0016] Impure graphite is a natural composite material with a structure consisting of an amorphous microporous quartz framework filled with highly dispersed (approximately 1 micrometer) aluminosilicate mineral particles. One of the active components of impure graphite is its fullerene-like structure. The water obtained in the first stage has a colloidal solution structure of hydrated fullerene-like particles, which can affect harmful microbial flora, plant spores, algae, viruses, biotoxins, and worm eggs. Furthermore, due to the presence of macro- and micro-elements in impure graphite, additional mineralization of the water is required.

[0017] In the second stage, nano-silver was synthesized. Structured water prepared in the first stage was injected into a mixing reactor to dissolve silver nitrate. Then, the water prepared in the first stage was poured into a 1.5 m³ / h reactor. 3 In a separate container (No. 1), add sodium amphoteric polycarboxyglycinate (Ampholac 7-TX) with stirring. After mixing, pump the sodium amphoteric polycarboxyglycinate (Ampholac 7-TX) solution into the mixing reactor. The temperature in the reactor should be maintained within the range of 15℃-25℃ and continuously monitored. (The last sentence appears to be incomplete and possibly refers to a specific process or method.) 3 In container number 2, the structured water from the first stage is poured in, and some sodium borohydride is sprinkled on top. After the sodium borohydride has completely dissolved, the mixture is injected into the mixing reactor. At the end of the synthesis process in the mixing reactor, a uniform, transparent, light brown liquid is obtained.

[0018] Sodium borohydride was used as a reducing agent for silver nitrate in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Ampholac7-TX is an amphoteric surfactant that can stabilize highly dispersed colloidal systems, including silver nanoparticles. The resulting system exhibits high polymerization stability over a wide pH range (4-12), can be redispersed after drying, tolerates repeated freeze / thaw cycles, and is insensitive to the effects of anions and single-charged cations.

[0019] In the third stage, the colloidal system obtained in the second stage is saturated with nutrients, which are macroelements and microelements in the form of salts and chelates. Before adding the nutrients, polyvinylpyrrolidone is added to the mixing reactor and stirred until completely dissolved. Then, ammonium molybdate, sodium octaborate tetrahydrate, copper chelate, zinc chelate, manganese chelate, and cobalt chelate are added alternately to the reactor. The mixing time for all components is at least one hour.

[0020] Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) can be used as an additional stabilizer in colloidal systems to prevent the formation of large aggregates and precipitation of dispersed particles. Therefore, adding this compound to a solution can prolong the bactericidal effect of fertilizers.

[0021] The use of copper chelates, zinc chelates, manganese chelates, and cobalt chelates in fertilizers is preferred because plants absorb chelates at a higher rate than free metal ions.

[0022] In the final stage of fertilizer production, the final product is bottled. After all nutrients are completely dissolved in the mixing reactor, samples are taken and sent to the laboratory for analysis. Next, if the quality of the final product meets all requirements, the fertilizer is filled into containers. The final product is loaded into plastic tanks via an automated production line.

[0023] The following fertilizer compositions were obtained using the methods described above (see Table 1).

[0024] Table 1. Fertilizer Compositions

[0025]

[0026] To verify the acaricidal effect of the fertilizer on common spider mites and the insecticidal effect on common potato aphids, laboratory studies were conducted.

[0027] The study was conducted according to standard methods for assessing the toxicity of pesticides to arthropods. Different methods were used to treat the experimental arthropods in order to select the optimal method for application to the test subjects, thereby maximizing the bioactivity of the fertilizer. This involved immersing the leaves of forage plants in fertilizer solutions of different concentrations and then planting the test subjects on top of them, or immersing the forage plant parts containing the test subjects in the aforementioned solutions.

[0028] All experimental variants were repeated 3-4 times. After treatment, the arthropods were placed in temperature-controlled cages. The duration of observation of surviving individuals depended on the experimental subjects; observation was discontinued after high mortality rates were observed in the control group or after the emergence of a new generation. In all experimental variants, a control—a variable with water treatment—must be provided.

[0029] The indicator of fertilizer bioactivity is the reduction in the number of experimental individuals relative to the initial number of individuals, adjusted for control according to the standard Henderson-Tilton formula:

[0030] BA(%) = 100·(1-I) 前 ·C 后 / I 前 ·C 前 ),in

[0031] BA - Bioactivity, expressed as a percentage reduction in abundance compared to control adjustments; I 前 This refers to the number of organisms in the experiment before treatment; I 后 This refers to the number of organisms in the experiment after treatment; C 前 C refers to the number of organisms in the control group before treatment. 后 This represents the number of organisms in the control group after treatment.

[0032] To evaluate the ovicidal effect of fertilizer on common spider mite eggs, five fertilized female mites were planted on bean leaves and removed one day later. Leaves containing one-day-old eggs were then immersed in fertilizer solutions of different concentrations. After 11 days of observation, it was found that the development rate of the first generation of experimental eggs in autumn was nearly twice as slow as that of summer eggs. Against this backdrop, regardless of the tested concentration, almost all (94.9-100%) larvae hatched from the eggs during the accounting period (see Table 2). Therefore, the fertilizer has no ovicidal effect on common spider mite eggs.

[0033] Table 2. Toxicity of fertilizers to common spider mite eggs (laboratory experiments)

[0034]

[0035]

[0036] The effects of fertilizers on common spider mite larvae were assessed using different treatment methods, revealing contact toxicity at this stage of the pest's development. Furthermore, direct treatment of mites (immersing infested leaves in a fertilizer solution) was found to demonstrate the fertilizer's toxicity most strongly than planting mites on the surface of fertilizer-treated edible plants (see Table 3). However, the optimal method of applying fertilizer at a 1% concentration resulted in a toxicity level not exceeding 50%.

[0037] Table 3. Toxicity of fertilizers to spider mites under different treatment methods (laboratory experiments)

[0038]

[0039] Increasing fertilizer concentration in the range of 5% to 20% contributes to a gradual increase in its toxicity.

[0040] However, this increase was not significant, with an average increase of only 73.4% when treated with a 20% fertilizer concentration (see Table 4).

[0041] Table 4. Toxicity of fertilizers to common spider mites (laboratory experiments)

[0042]

[0043] Results obtained from assessing the bioactivity of fertilizers against common spider mites indicate that the fertilizers are contact toxic to this pest. However, increasing the fertilizer concentration to 20% did not increase toxicity to the mites by more than 78.0%. This level of toxicity is clearly insufficient for a pest that rapidly recovers its numbers each season, reproduces for more than 10 generations, and forms large populations on various crops.

[0044] The results obtained by evaluating the effects of fertilizers on common potato aphids using different treatment methods indicate that, as with common spider mites, direct treatment of the pests is more toxic than transplanting the pests onto the surface of treated edible plants (see Table 5).

[0045] Table 5. Fertilizer toxicity to common potato aphids (laboratory experiments)

[0046]

[0047] *After 3 days, 100% aphid mortality was observed in all experimental variants, including the control group.

[0048] It should be noted that regardless of the method used to treat pests, increasing the concentration of fertilizer solution tenfold does not significantly enhance its biological activity. Therefore, when treating insect-infested leaves with a 1% concentration of fertilizer, the maximum toxicity effect is only 60.2%.

[0049] Based on the results of laboratory studies, it is recommended to use fertilizers in combination with pesticides and acaricides to increase the bactericidal activity of the canned mixture by 30%-50%, while reducing the consumption of pesticides and acaricides by 15%-20%.

[0050] The insecticidal effect of this fertilizer is achieved through an adjuvant compound that disrupts the respiratory process of pests once it enters their respiratory system.

[0051] To verify the antiviral effect of fertilizer on tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), the Momomaaro variety was studied.

[0052] The control program is the standard tomato cultivation technique used by the farm, which involves providing the plants with comprehensive mineral nutrition and protecting the tomato plants during the growing season from the budding stage through 12 treatments (fungicide, Vino95 fungicide, and recommended doses of imidacloprid insecticide).

[0053] Variant 1 - Spray the plants 6 times with a 0.5% fertilizer solution during the growing season.

[0054] Variant 2 - Spray the plants 6 times with a 1% fertilizer solution during the growing season.

[0055] The experiment was conducted in triplicate, with each replicate consisting of one row in the field, containing 20 tomato plants per row. Each treatment included 60 tomato plants (see Table 6).

[0056] Table 6. Antiviral activity of fertilizers against Momotaro tomatoes

[0057]

[0058] Based on observations of the plant's growing season, it can be noted that applying fertilizer in foliar form (0.5% or 1% aqueous solution) can inhibit the development of tomato yellow roll virus disease and prevent its spread to neighboring plants, with the 1% concentration of fertilizer showing greater effectiveness.

[0059] Therefore, it is recommended to treat the leaves of tomato crops with a 1% fertilizer solution every 7-10 days starting from the germination period. The specific number of treatments depends on the prevalence of tomato yellow curl virus, and at least 6 treatments should be performed per growing season.

[0060] Silver nanoparticles stabilized by Ampholac 7-TX and polyvinylpyrrolidone possess the ability to interact with viral DNA and RNA proteins. The mechanism of action consists of three stages. In the first stage, the nanoparticles interact with the viral protein coat to prevent attachment to plant cells. In the second stage, ions and ROS (reactive oxygen species) are generated, disrupting the viral protein coat, DNA, and RNA. In the final stage, the nanoparticles infiltrate plant cells and subsequently interact with enzymes to prevent viral replication and further spread.

[0061] In addition, the fertilizer's antiviral effect is also due to the complex of fullerene and polyvinylpyrrolidone, which can inhibit virus reproduction.

[0062] Therefore, in the fertilizer composition, the contents of sodium amphoteric polycarboxyglycinate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and structured water containing impure graphite are consistent with the component contents of the composition given in Table 1, enabling the present invention to achieve the aforementioned technical effects.

Claims

1. A liquid compound fertilizer containing colloidal silver, a complex of macro- and micro-elements in salt form, and a metal-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid chelate, characterized in that, It also contains sodium amphoteric polycarboxyglycinate (Sodium Tallow), polyvinylpyrrolidone, and is pre-mixed with impure graphite (shungite) to form structured water. The composition and content are as follows (g / l): The preparation process of the structured water is as follows: In the first stage, water for the process is prepared through reverse osmosis to meet the standards for softened water. In the second stage, the softened water is treated by settling in an impure graphite filter for 24 hours. The size of the impure graphite particles in the filter is 0.5 to 2 cm. In the third stage, the water obtained in the second stage and impure graphite particles with a size no larger than 0.01 mm are simultaneously added to the dispersant to perform structuring treatment on the water. The sodium amphoteric polycarboxyglycinate of tallow is used as a surfactant in the synthesis of the colloidal silver. The polyvinylpyrrolidone is used as a surfactant in the process of mixing metal-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid chelate, ammonium molybdate and sodium octaborate tetrahydrate.

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