A thin-layer building energy-saving thermal insulation material based on a fractal structure composite fiber and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of thin layer building energy-saving thermal insulation materials based on fractal structure composite fiber and preparation method thereof, it is characterized in that, preparation according to following method: fractal structure metal material is deposited on net base or fabric base, then CuO light-absorbing material layer is loaded on fractal structure metal material surface, to obtain thin layer building energy-saving thermal insulation materials based on fractal structure composite fiber.The material of the application has the characteristics of light transmission and air permeability.At the same time, the material is attached to the surface of the building material, the material itself can quickly heat up under sunlight, change the temperature gradient spatial distribution from the building interior to the outside, and can block the heat conduction between the building interior and exterior.The fractal structure thermal insulation curtain prepared by the application has the advantages of good thermal insulation effect and simple preparation method, which is beneficial to improve the utilization rate of sunlight in winter on plateau.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of thermal insulation materials technology, specifically relating to a thin-layer building energy-saving thermal insulation material based on fractal structure composite fibers and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing emphasis on sustainable development in modern society, solar energy, as an infinitely available and free energy source, is finding increasingly widespread applications in energy and environmental protection. Reports indicate that high-altitude regions are rich in solar energy resources, with over 500 hours of sunshine per day in winter. However, winter temperatures are very low, with average outdoor temperatures reaching around -30°C. Since sunlight alone is insufficient to heat an entire building, applying a fractal-structured thin-layer insulation material to the surface of building materials, allowing direct sunlight to heat the material rapidly, can effectively block heat transfer between the interior and exterior. This presents a very promising method for thermal insulation.

[0003] Sunlight can directly shine through windows, but this energy is far from sufficient to meet the heating and insulation needs of the entire interior. In fact, windows are the main channels for heat exchange between indoors and outdoors. Currently, methods such as increasing the fold depth of curtains, using thicker and longer curtains, and using curtains with dense weaves are generally used to slow down heat loss, but these cannot truly achieve the purpose of heat insulation. In addition, theoretically, light-absorbing insulation materials could be attached to the surface of building materials such as windows. After being exposed to sunlight, the surface temperature would be higher than the indoor temperature, thus completely blocking heat conduction from the inside to the outside and achieving the purpose of heat insulation. However, existing light-absorbing insulation materials are mostly aluminum silicate composite insulation coatings, expanded vitrified microspheres, phenolic foam, etc., which affect light and air transmission between indoors and outdoors. Therefore, developing thin-layer energy-saving building insulation materials that allow light and air to pass through would be a highly efficient method of heat insulation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a thin-layer building energy-saving insulation material based on fractal structure composite fibers and its preparation method. By utilizing the fractal structure insulation material to enhance the absorption of sunlight, the thin layer on the surface of the building material can be rapidly heated, blocking heat conduction between the interior and exterior, thereby achieving the purpose of building interior heat insulation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for preparing a thin-layer building energy-saving and thermal insulation material based on fractal structure composite fibers, characterized in that it is prepared by the following method: depositing fractal structure metal material on a mesh substrate or fabric substrate, and then loading a CuO light-absorbing material layer on the surface of the fractal structure metal material to obtain the thin-layer building energy-saving and thermal insulation material based on fractal structure composite fibers.

[0006] In the above scheme: the mesh substrate is one of the following: copper mesh, titanium mesh, aluminum mesh, zinc mesh, nickel mesh, iron wire mesh, stainless steel mesh, carbon fiber mesh, etc., with a mesh count of 10-5000 mesh and an aperture of 1μm-1000μm.

[0007] In the above scheme: the woven substrate can be carbon fiber cloth, or other woven substrates.

[0008] In the above scheme, the method for depositing fractal structure metal materials is to use a mesh or fabric substrate as the cathode, place it in an electrolytic cell containing an aqueous solution of metal ions, and deposit the fractal structure metal material through electrolysis. The concentration of the aqueous solution containing metal ions is 0.01 mol / L-10 mol / L, and the pH value is 0.1-10.

[0009] In the above scheme, the metal ions in the aqueous solution containing metal ions are one of the following: silver, manganese, copper, zinc, nickel, titanium, cobalt, and vanadium ions.

[0010] In the above scheme: the current density during electrolytic deposition is 1 mA / cm². 2 ~10A / cm 2 The temperature ranges from 5 to 90℃.

[0011] In the above scheme, the height of the fractal structure metal material can be 1μm-10mm. Figure 1 The length of the branches of the fractal structure in the metallic material.

[0012] In the above scheme, the thickness of the CuO light-absorbing material layer loaded on the surface of the fractal structure metal material is 10nm-100μm.

[0013] A method for preparing a thin-layer building energy-saving insulation material based on fractal structure composite fibers yields a thin-layer building energy-saving insulation material.

[0014] This invention first forms a layer of fractal structured metallic material on a mesh or fabric substrate, and then loads CuO light-absorbing material. This increases the surface area of ​​the mesh or fabric substrate, improving the loading capacity of the CuO light-absorbing material. Furthermore, the surface of the fractal structured metallic material, electrolytically deposited on the surface of the mesh or fabric substrate, is no longer planar after loading with CuO light-absorbing material (although planar CuO light-absorbing material can absorb some sunlight, most of it is reflected, failing to achieve good heat insulation). Sunlight, upon reaching the surface, enters the interior of the fractal structure, reducing reflection and achieving efficient heat insulation. This material is also light- and air-permeable. Simultaneously, attaching this insulation material to the surface of building materials utilizes its rapid heating characteristic under sunlight, altering the spatial distribution of the temperature gradient from the interior to the exterior of the building. This blocks heat conduction between the interior and exterior, achieving heat insulation, energy saving, and reduced consumption. The fractal structure insulation curtain prepared by this invention has advantages such as good insulation effect and simple preparation method, which is beneficial for improving the utilization rate of sunlight in high-altitude areas during winter. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a thin-layer building energy-saving insulation material based on fractal composite fibers.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a thin-layer building energy-saving insulation material based on fractal structure composite fibers.

[0017] Figure 3 The surface temperature rise curve of the thin-layer building energy-saving insulation material based on fractal structure composite fiber in Example 1 is shown.

[0018] Figure 4 The surface temperature rise curve of the thin-layer thermal insulation material of non-fractal composite fiber in Comparative Example 1 is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0020] Example 1

[0021] 1) Clean the copper mesh (mesh count = 10, aperture = 1μm) with ultrapure water using ultrasonic cleaning and use it as the cathode.

[0022] 2) At 5℃, using a CuSO4 solution with a concentration of 0.01 mol / L and a pH of 0.1 as the electrolyte, and a current density of 1 mA / cm², an electrolyte was prepared. 2 Electrolytic deposition under certain conditions yielded a fractal structure copper material with a dendrite height of 1 μm.

[0023] 3) Clean and dry the fractal structure copper material, and load a 10nm thick CuO light-absorbing material layer on its surface to obtain a thin-layer building energy-saving and thermal insulation material based on fractal structure composite fiber.

[0024] Comparative Example 1

[0025] 1) Clean the copper mesh (mesh count = 10, aperture = 1μm) with ultrapure water using ultrasonic cleaning and then dry it.

[0026] 2) A thin-film thermal insulation material with a fractal structure composite fiber is obtained by loading a CuO light-absorbing material layer with a thickness of 10 nm onto its surface.

[0027] Example 2

[0028] 1) Clean the titanium mesh (mesh count = 50, aperture = 10μm) with ultrapure water using ultrasonic cleaning and use it as the cathode.

[0029] 2) At 10℃, using a 0.1 mol / L CuSO4 solution with a pH of 0.5 as the electrolyte, and a current density of 10 mA / cm², an electrolyte was prepared. 2 Electrolytic deposition under certain conditions yielded a fractal structure copper material with a dendrite height of 10 μm.

[0030] 3) Clean and dry the fractal structure copper material, and load a 20nm thick CuO light-absorbing material layer on its surface to obtain a thin-layer building energy-saving and thermal insulation material based on fractal structure composite fiber.

[0031] Example 3

[0032] 1) Clean the nickel mesh (mesh count = 100, aperture = 50 μm) with ultrapure water using ultrasonic cleaning and use it as the cathode.

[0033] 2) At 20℃, using a 0.2 mol / L CuSO4 solution with a pH of 0.3 as the electrolyte, and a current density of 20 mA / cm², an electrolyte was applied. 2 Electrolytic deposition under certain conditions yielded a fractal structure copper material with a dendrite height of 50 μm.

[0034] 3) Clean and dry the fractal structure copper material, and load a 100μm thick CuO light-absorbing material layer on its surface to obtain a thin-layer building energy-saving and thermal insulation material based on fractal structure composite fiber.

[0035] Example 4

[0036] 1) Clean the copper mesh (mesh count = 300, aperture = 100μm) with ultrapure water using ultrasonic cleaning, and use it as the cathode.

[0037] 2) At 40℃, using a 0.3 mol / L CuSO4 solution with a pH of 0.6 as the electrolyte, and a current density of 30 mA / cm², an electrolyte was applied. 2 Electrolytic deposition under certain conditions yielded a fractal structure copper material with a dendrite height of 50 μm.

[0038] 3) Clean and dry the fractal structure copper material, and load a 70nm thick CuO light-absorbing material layer on its surface to obtain a thin-layer building energy-saving and thermal insulation material based on fractal structure composite fiber.

[0039] Example 5

[0040] 1) Clean the copper mesh (mesh count = 400, aperture = 300μm) with ultrapure water using ultrasonic cleaning and use it as the cathode.

[0041] 2) At 50℃, using a 0.5 mol / L CuSO4 solution with a pH of 3 as the electrolyte, and a current density of 50 mA / cm²... 2 Electrolytic deposition under certain conditions yielded a fractal structure copper material with a dendrite height of 100 μm.

[0042] 3) Clean and dry the fractal structure copper material, and coat its surface with a 100nm thick CuO light-absorbing material layer to obtain a thin-layer building energy-saving and thermal insulation material based on fractal structure composite fiber.

[0043] Example 6

[0044] 1) Clean the zinc mesh (mesh count = 600, aperture = 500μm) with ultrapure water using ultrasonic cleaning and use it as the cathode.

[0045] 2) At 60℃, using a 0.7 mol / L MnSO4 solution with a pH of 1 as the electrolyte, and a current density of 0.1 A / cm², an electrolysis was performed. 2 Electrolytic deposition under certain conditions yielded a fractal structure manganese material with a dendrite height of 500 μm.

[0046] 3) Clean and dry the fractal structure manganese metal material, and coat its surface with a CuO light-absorbing material layer with a thickness of 200nm to obtain a thin-layer building energy-saving and heat-insulating material based on fractal structure composite fiber.

[0047] Example 7

[0048] 1) Clean the copper mesh (mesh count = 800, aperture = 700μm) with ultrapure water using ultrasonic cleaning, and use it as the cathode.

[0049] 2) At 70℃, using a 1 mol / L ZnSO4 solution with a pH of 2 as the electrolyte, and a current density of 0.3 A / cm²...2 Electrolytic deposition under certain conditions yielded a fractal structure zinc material with a dendrite height of 1000 μm.

[0050] 3) Clean and dry the fractal structure zinc material, and coat its surface with a CuO light-absorbing material layer with a thickness of 300nm to obtain a thin-layer building energy-saving and thermal insulation material based on fractal structure composite fiber.

[0051] Example 8

[0052] 1) At 80℃, carbon fiber cloth was used as the cathode, and a CuSO4 solution with a concentration of 2 mol / L and a pH of 3 was used as the electrolyte, with a current density of 0.7 A / cm². 2 Electrolytic deposition under certain conditions yielded a fractal structure copper material with a dendrite height of 1 mm.

[0053] 2) Clean and dry the fractal structure copper material, and coat its surface with a CuO light-absorbing material layer with a thickness of 500nm to obtain a thin-layer building energy-saving and thermal insulation material based on fractal structure composite fiber.

[0054] This invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this invention. The scope of this invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a thin-layer building energy-saving thermal insulation material based on a fractal structure composite fiber, characterized in that, The fractal structure metal material is deposited on a net-shaped substrate or a fabric-shaped substrate, and then a CuO light-absorbing material layer is loaded on the surface of the fractal structure metal material to obtain the thin-layer building energy-saving thermal insulation material based on fractal structure composite fibers. The net-shaped substrate is one of a copper net, a titanium net, an aluminum net, a zinc net, a nickel net, a wire net, a stainless steel net and a carbon fiber net, the fabric-shaped substrate is a carbon fiber cloth, the fractal structure metal material is deposited by taking the net-shaped or fabric-shaped substrate as a cathode, and the net-shaped or fabric-shaped substrate is placed in an electrolytic tank containing a metal ion-containing aqueous solution to deposit the fractal structure metal material through electrolysis, wherein the concentration of the metal ion-containing aqueous solution is 0.01 mol / L-10 mol / L, the pH value is 0.1-10, and the metal ion in the metal ion-containing aqueous solution is one of silver ions, manganese ions, copper ions, zinc ions, nickel ions, titanium ions, cobalt ions and vanadium ions.

2. The preparation method of the thin-layer building energy-saving insulation material based on fractal structure composite fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mesh number is 10-5000, and the pore size is 1 µm-1000 µm.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method is characterized by the following steps: (1) mixing the base material and the fractal structure composite fiber to form a mixture; (2) applying the mixture to a surface of a mold; (3) drying the mixture; (4) removing the mixture from the mold; and (5) cutting the mixture into a desired shape. The current density during electrolytic deposition is 1 mA / cm 2 10 A / cm 2 at a temperature of 5-90°C.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of preparing a thin-layer building energy-saving thermal insulation material based on a fractal structure composite fiber is characterized by: The height of the fractal structure metal material is 1 µm-10 mm.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method is characterized by the following steps: (a) mixing the base material and the fractal structure composite fiber; (b) applying the mixture to a surface of a building; and (c) drying the mixture. The thickness of the CuO light-absorbing material layer loaded on the surface of the fractal structure metal material is 10 nm-100 µm.

6. A thin-layer building energy-saving thermal insulation material based on fractal structure composite fibers prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-5.

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