A BIPV photovoltaic lightweight component and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a BIPV lightweight component and a preparation method thereof, including S1: making a front plate; S2: making a back plate; S3: laying a back plate and a back encapsulation film in sequence from bottom to top on an operating table according to a stacked structure, and placing a battery layer on the laid back encapsulation film to complete the convergence connection, wherein the battery layer includes a plurality of solar cell strings; S4: laying a front encapsulation film and a front plate in sequence from bottom to top on the battery layer, laminating the back plate, the back encapsulation film, the battery layer, the front encapsulation film, and the front plate to form a BIPV photovoltaic lightweight component; S5: after laser cutting, installing a junction box, and testing the performance of the BIPV photovoltaic lightweight component, the BIPV photovoltaic lightweight component is laid flat on the roof. The present application can effectively prevent the problem of lightweight components failing due to power attenuation, can be applied to high humidity environments such as offshore photovoltaic power generation, and has good application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and in particular to a BIPV lightweight component and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The research trend of lightweight flexible photovoltaic modules is gradually increasing due to their light and thin characteristics. However, the monocrystalline silicon cells and TOPcon cells currently used in lightweight modules are sensitive to water vapor and will fail due to the invasion of water vapor and power attenuation. Therefore, higher requirements are placed on the water vapor barrier performance of the packaging material packaging film and the photovoltaic backplane.

[0003] Ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) has been widely used in the field of food and medicine packaging due to its advantages of being green and environmentally friendly and having high barrier properties, but its application in the field of photovoltaic backplanes is still in its infancy. EVOH contains hydroxyl groups in its molecular chain, which easily absorbs moisture and reduces the barrier properties of the material, so it is generally located in the inner layer. PVDF has good weather resistance and UV resistance, but its barrier properties are poorer than EVOH, and PVDF and EVOH are incompatible. Therefore, how to combine the advantages of PVDF and EVOH to prepare photovoltaic backplanes with high barrier and good adhesion of encapsulation films, so as to ensure that lightweight components do not attenuate and fail due to water vapor intrusion is urgent, and ensure the normal operation of lightweight components at sea and other high humidity environments. Summary of the invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: In view of the problems and shortcomings in the prior art, the present invention provides a BIPV photovoltaic lightweight component and a manufacturing method which has a simple structure and is of great help in solving the problems of the prior art.

[0005] The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0006] A method for preparing a BIPV lightweight photovoltaic component comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1: Make the front panel;

[0008] S2: making back panel;

[0009] S3: laying the back sheet and the back packaging film in sequence from bottom to top on the operating table according to the stacking structure, and placing the battery layer on the laid back packaging film to complete the bus connection, wherein the battery layer includes a plurality of solar cell strings;

[0010] S4: Lay the front encapsulation film and the front plate on the battery layer from bottom to top in sequence, and laminate the back plate, the back encapsulation film, the battery layer, the front encapsulation film, and the front plate into a BIPV photovoltaic lightweight module through a laminator;

[0011] S5: After laser cutting, junction box installation and performance testing of the BIPV photovoltaic lightweight components, the BIPV photovoltaic lightweight components are laid flat on the roof.

[0012] Furthermore, the S1: manufacturing the front plate comprises the following steps:

[0013] S6: Put the dried polyvinylidene fluoride particles, glycidyl methacrylate, benzoyl peroxide, and 9-vinyl anthracene into a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion and granulation to obtain a polyvinylidene fluoride grafted glyceryl methacrylate special material (PVDF-g-GMA);

[0014] S7: Put the dried polyvinylidene fluoride particles, maleic anhydride monomer, benzoyl peroxide, and 9-vinyl anthracene into a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion and granulation to obtain a polyvinylidene fluoride grafted maleic anhydride special material (PVDF-g-MAH);

[0015] S8: The special material of polyvinylidene fluoride grafted methacrylate, the dried ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer particles, and the special material of polyvinylidene fluoride grafted maleic anhydride are co-extruded and cast to obtain a front plate with a (PVDF-g-GMA)-EVOH-(PVDF-g-MAH) structure.

[0016] Furthermore, the S2: manufacturing the backplane comprises the following steps:

[0017] S9: Put the dried polyvinylidene fluoride particles, maleic anhydride monomer, benzoyl peroxide, 9-vinyl anthracene, and organic masterbatch into a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion and granulation to obtain a polyvinylidene fluoride grafted maleic anhydride special material (PVDF-g-MAH);

[0018] S10: Put the dried polyvinylidene fluoride particles, glycidyl methacrylate, benzoyl peroxide, 9-vinyl anthracene, and organic masterbatch into a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion and granulation to obtain a polyvinylidene fluoride grafted glyceryl methacrylate special material (PVDF-g-GMA);

[0019] S11: putting the dried ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer particles and the organic masterbatch into a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion and granulation to obtain colored ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer particles;

[0020] S12: The special material of polyvinylidene fluoride grafted maleic anhydride, the colored ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer particles, and the special material of polyvinylidene fluoride grafted methacrylate are co-extruded and cast to obtain a backplane with a (PVDF-g-MAH)-EVOH-(PVDF-g-GMA) structure.

[0021] The back plate is a colored back plate.

[0022] Furthermore, during the production of the front plate and the back plate, the mass ratio of polyvinylidene fluoride and glycidyl methacrylate / maleic anhydride is 95:5, the addition ratio of benzoyl peroxide and 9-vinylanthracene is 0.1% of the total mass of the two, the temperature of melt extrusion granulation is 185-190°C, and the temperature of three-layer co-extrusion is 210-220°C.

[0023] Furthermore, the colors of the organic masterbatch include: white, black, gray, and color.

[0024] Furthermore, the back side encapsulation film and the material of the back side encapsulation film include: EVA, POE, EPE.

[0025] Furthermore, in S5, the BIPV lightweight photovoltaic components are laid flat on the roof, including:

[0026] The back side of the BIPV photovoltaic lightweight component is bonded with structural adhesive and fixed on the roof with fixing tools.

[0027] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a BIPV photovoltaic lightweight component, which is further prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0028] Preferably, the front plate structure is (PVDF-g-GMA)-EVOH (PVDF-g-MAH), wherein the EVOH layer has a thickness of 275 μm, the modified PVDF layer has a thickness of 25 to 50 μm, and more preferably the modified PVDF layer has a thickness of 25 μm.

[0029] Preferably, the white or black backplane structure is (PVDF-g-MAH)-EVOH (PVDF-g-

[0030] GMA), wherein the EVOH layer has a thickness of 275 μm, the modified PVDF layer has a thickness of 25 to 50 μm, and more preferably the modified PVDF layer has a thickness of 25 μm. The white or black backplane is added with corresponding organic masterbatch compared to the transparent frontplane.

[0031] Beneficial effects: The transparent front plate and white or black back plate used in this application are all homemade. The transparent front plate is a (PVDF-g-GMA)-EVOH-(PVDF-g-MAH) front plate structure. The outer layer contacts the atmosphere and has a structure of PVDF-g-GMA. Glycidyl methacrylate is hydrophobic and grafted on the PVDF surface to further improve the water vapor barrier ability of PVDF. The epoxy group of glycidyl methacrylate can chemically react with the hydroxyl group of the EVOH molecular chain to achieve glue-free composite. EVOH is one of the three high-barrier polymer materials with excellent water vapor barrier ability, but it is easy to absorb moisture and reduce its water vapor barrier ability, so it is located in the inner layer; the PVDF-g-MAH layer is close to the film layer. Maleic anhydride has a higher polarity, and maleic anhydride can chemically react with the ester group of the EVA film to achieve higher adhesion.

[0032] On the other hand, the advantages of the backplane are as follows: the structure of the white and black backplanes is (PVDF-g-MAH)-EVOH-(PVDF-g-GMA), where PVDF-g-GMA is still located on the outer layer, PVDF-g-MAH is located on the side close to the film, and EVOH is located on the inner layer. The outer layer of the solar cell backplane prepared in this way has good water vapor barrier capability and good adhesion to the EVA film, which can effectively protect the solar cell panels.

[0033] The combination of the front panel and the back panel can effectively prevent the problem of lightweight components failing due to power attenuation. The prepared lightweight photovoltaic components can be used in high-humidity environments such as offshore photovoltaic power generation and have good application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a BIPV photovoltaic lightweight component according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front panel structure of a BIPV photovoltaic lightweight component according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the backplane structure of a BIPV photovoltaic lightweight module according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0038] Example

[0039] A method for preparing a BIPV lightweight photovoltaic component comprises the following steps:

[0040] S1: Make the front panel;

[0041] S2: making back panel;

[0042] S3: laying the back sheet and the back packaging film in sequence from bottom to top on the operating table according to the stacking structure, and placing the battery layer on the laid back packaging film to complete the bus connection, wherein the battery layer includes a plurality of solar cell strings;

[0043] S4: Lay the front encapsulation film and the front plate on the battery layer from bottom to top in sequence, and laminate the back plate, the back encapsulation film, the battery layer, the front encapsulation film, and the front plate into a BIPV photovoltaic lightweight module through a laminator;

[0044] S5: After laser cutting, junction box installation and performance testing of the BIPV photovoltaic lightweight components, the BIPV photovoltaic lightweight components are laid flat on the roof.

[0045] Furthermore, the S1: manufacturing the front plate comprises the following steps:

[0046] S6: Put the dried polyvinylidene fluoride particles, glycidyl methacrylate, benzoyl peroxide, and 9-vinyl anthracene into a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion and granulation to obtain a polyvinylidene fluoride grafted glyceryl methacrylate special material (PVDF-g-GMA);

[0047] S7: Put the dried polyvinylidene fluoride particles, maleic anhydride monomer, benzoyl peroxide, and 9-vinyl anthracene into a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion and granulation to obtain a polyvinylidene fluoride grafted maleic anhydride special material (PVDF-g-MAH);

[0048] S8: A front plate is obtained by co-extrusion casting of a three-layer polyvinylidene fluoride grafted methacrylate special material, dried ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer particles, and a polyvinylidene fluoride grafted maleic anhydride special material. The front plate has a (PVDF-g-GMA)-EVOH-(PVDF-g-MAH) structure.

[0049] Furthermore, the S2: manufacturing the backplane comprises the following steps:

[0050] S9: Put the dried polyvinylidene fluoride particles, maleic anhydride monomer, benzoyl peroxide, 9-vinyl anthracene, and organic masterbatch into a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion and granulation to obtain a polyvinylidene fluoride grafted maleic anhydride special material (PVDF-g-MAH);

[0051] S10: Put the dried polyvinylidene fluoride particles, glycidyl methacrylate, benzoyl peroxide, 9-vinyl anthracene, and organic masterbatch into a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion and granulation to obtain a polyvinylidene fluoride grafted glyceryl methacrylate special material (PVDF-g-GMA);

[0052] S11: putting the dried ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer particles and the organic masterbatch into a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion and granulation to obtain colored ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer particles;

[0053] S12: Co-extrusion casting of polyvinylidene fluoride grafted maleic anhydride special material, colored ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer particles, and polyvinylidene fluoride grafted methacrylate special material to obtain a backplane. The backplane is a colored (PVDF-g-MAH)-EVOH-(PVDF-g-GMA) structure.

[0054] Furthermore, during the production of the front plate and the back plate, the mass ratio of polyvinylidene fluoride and glycidyl methacrylate / maleic anhydride is 95:5, the addition ratio of benzoyl peroxide and 9-vinylanthracene is 0.1% of the total mass of the two, the temperature of melt extrusion granulation is 185-190°C, and the temperature of three-layer co-extrusion is 210-220°C.

[0055] Furthermore, the colors of the organic masterbatch include: white, black, gray, and color.

[0056] It should be noted that the colors are not limited to the above colors.

[0057] Furthermore, the back side encapsulation film and the material of the back side encapsulation film include: EVA, POE, EPE.

[0058] Furthermore, in S5, the BIPV lightweight photovoltaic components are laid flat on the roof, including:

[0059] The back side of the BIPV photovoltaic lightweight component is bonded with structural adhesive and fixed on the roof with fixing tools.

[0060] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a BIPV photovoltaic lightweight component, which is further prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0061] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a BIPV photovoltaic lightweight component of an embodiment of the present application, wherein: 101, front plate; 102, front packaging film; 103, battery layer; 104, back packaging film; 105, back plate;

[0062] Preferably, the front plate structure is (PVDF-g-GMA)-EVOH-(PVDF-g-MAH), wherein the EVOH layer has a thickness of 275 μm, and the modified PVDF layer has a thickness of 25 to 50 μm, and more preferably the modified PVDF layer has a thickness of 25 μm. Figure 2As shown, the front plate has a three-layer structure, 106 is PVDF-g-GMA, 107 is EVOH, and 108 is PVDF-g-MAH.

[0063] Preferably, the white or black backplane structure is (PVDF-g-MAH)-EVOH-(PVDF-g-

[0064] GMA), wherein the EVOH layer thickness is 275 μm, the modified PVDF layer thickness is 25-50 μm, and more preferably the modified PVDF layer thickness is 25 μm, and the white or black backplane is added with corresponding organic masterbatch compared with the transparent frontplane. Figure 3 As shown, the back sheet has a three-layer structure, 109 is PVDF-g-MAH, 110 is EVOH, and 111 is PVDF-g-GMA.

[0065] Beneficial effects: The transparent front plate and white or black back plate used in this application are all homemade. The transparent front plate is a (PVDF-g-GMA)-EVOH-(PVDF-g-MAH) front plate structure. The outer layer contacts the atmosphere and has a structure of PVDF-g-GMA. Glycidyl methacrylate is hydrophobic and grafted on the PVDF surface to further improve the water vapor barrier ability of PVDF. The epoxy group of glycidyl methacrylate can chemically react with the hydroxyl group of the EVOH molecular chain to achieve glue-free composite. EVOH is one of the three high-barrier polymer materials with excellent water vapor barrier ability, but it is easy to absorb moisture and reduce its water vapor barrier ability, so it is located in the inner layer; the PVDF-g-MAH layer is close to the film layer. Maleic anhydride has a higher polarity, and maleic anhydride can chemically react with the ester group of the EVA film to achieve higher adhesion.

[0066] On the other hand, the advantages of the backplane are as follows: the structure of the white and black backplanes is (PVDF-g-MAH)-EVOH-(PVDF-g-GMA), where PVDF-g-GMA is still located on the outer layer, PVDF-g-MAH is located on the side close to the film, and EVOH is located on the inner layer. The outer layer of the solar cell backplane prepared in this way has good water vapor barrier capability and good adhesion to the EVA film, which can effectively protect the solar cell panels.

[0067] The structures of the front panel and the back panel are just symmetrical. The combination of the front panel and the back panel can effectively prevent the problem of lightweight components failing due to power attenuation. The prepared lightweight photovoltaic components can be used in high-humidity environments such as offshore photovoltaic power generation, and have good application prospects.

[0068] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a BIPV lightweight photovoltaic component, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Make the front panel; S2: making back panel; S3: laying the back sheet and the back packaging film in sequence from bottom to top on the operating table according to the stacking structure, and placing the battery layer on the laid back packaging film to complete the bus connection, wherein the battery layer includes a plurality of solar cell strings; S4: Lay the front encapsulation film and the front plate on the battery layer from bottom to top in sequence, and laminate the back plate, the back encapsulation film, the battery layer, the front encapsulation film, and the front plate into a BIPV photovoltaic lightweight module through a laminator; S5: After laser cutting, installing junction boxes, and testing performance of the BIPV lightweight photovoltaic components, the BIPV lightweight photovoltaic components are laid flat on the roof; The front plate structure is (PVDF-g-GMA)-EVOH(PVDF-g-MAH), and the back plate structure is (PVDF-g-MAH)-EVOH(PVDF-g-GMA), both of which are (PVDF-g-MAH) contact film layers.

2. The method for preparing a BIPV lightweight photovoltaic component according to claim 1, characterized in that: S1: making a front plate, comprising the following steps: S6: Put the dried polyvinylidene fluoride particles, glycidyl methacrylate, benzoyl peroxide, and 9-vinyl anthracene into a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion and granulation to obtain a special material for polyvinylidene fluoride grafted with glyceryl methacrylate; S7: Put the dried polyvinylidene fluoride particles, maleic anhydride monomer, benzoyl peroxide, and 9-vinyl anthracene into a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion and granulation to obtain a polyvinylidene fluoride grafted maleic anhydride special material; S8: The front plate is obtained by co-extrusion casting of a three-layer special material of polyvinylidene fluoride grafted methacrylate glycerol, dried ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer particles, and a special material of polyvinylidene fluoride grafted maleic anhydride.

3. The method for preparing a BIPV lightweight photovoltaic component according to claim 1, characterized in that: S2: making a backplane, comprising the following steps: S9: Put the dried polyvinylidene fluoride particles, maleic anhydride monomer, benzoyl peroxide, 9-vinyl anthracene, and organic masterbatch into a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion and granulation to obtain a polyvinylidene fluoride grafted maleic anhydride special material; S10: Put the dried polyvinylidene fluoride particles, glycidyl methacrylate, benzoyl peroxide, 9-vinyl anthracene, and organic masterbatch into a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion and granulation to obtain a special material for polyvinylidene fluoride grafted glyceryl methacrylate; S11: putting the dried ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer particles and the organic masterbatch into a twin-screw extruder for melt extrusion and granulation to obtain colored ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer particles; S12: The polyvinylidene fluoride grafted maleic anhydride special material, the colored ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer particles, and the polyvinylidene fluoride grafted methacrylate special material are co-extruded and cast to obtain a backplane.

4. The method for preparing a BIPV lightweight photovoltaic component according to claim 3, characterized in that: The colors of the organic masterbatch include: white, black, gray, and color.

5. The method for preparing a BIPV lightweight photovoltaic component according to claim 1, characterized in that: The back side encapsulation film and the material of the back side encapsulation film include: EVA, POE, EPE.

6. A BIPV photovoltaic lightweight component, characterized in that: The preparation method is described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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