A phosphorus regulation method for alleviating ginseng continuous cropping obstacles

Abstract

The present invention discloses a phosphorus regulation method for alleviating ginseng continuous cropping obstacles, improves the ginseng continuous cropping soil with phosphorus fertilizer, optimizes the application amount of phosphorus fertilizer, and performs phosphorus monitoring and regulation treatment on the repaired ginseng continuous cropping soil, specifically including the following steps: test site selection; test treatment; ginseng seedling transplanting; field planting and management; sampling and data processing. The present invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese medicinal material cultivation, specifically provides a phosphorus regulation method for alleviating ginseng continuous cropping obstacles, studies the changes in ginseng quality under different application amounts of phosphorus fertilizer, and is used to solve the problems of resource waste and environmental pollution caused by the abuse of phosphorus fertilizer, and at the same time improves the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer from the perspective of soil nutrition, alleviates ginseng continuous cropping obstacles, increases ginseng yield, and optimizes ginseng quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese medicinal material cultivation, and specifically refers to a phosphorus regulation method for alleviating ginseng continuous cropping obstacles. Background Art

[0002] Ginseng ( Panax ginseng CA Mey.) is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Araliaceae family. It has a long history of medicinal use in China and is a traditional precious Chinese medicinal material. Ginseng production is mainly based on farmland cultivation. Due to its strict requirements on the growth environment, there is a problem of continuous cropping obstacles, that is, the ginseng seedling rate is low when ginseng is planted again on old ginseng land, and most ginseng will have phenomena such as beard burning, fibrous root shedding, and root rot, which greatly limits the sustainable development of the ginseng industry. At present, the ginseng farmland planting model has a low degree of intensiveness and a complex fertilizer application system, which leads to a low ginseng seedling rate and serious diseases in farmland. It can be seen that scientific fertilization technology is particularly important for improving ginseng yield and quality.

[0003] Phosphorus is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth and development. It plays a key role in energy transfer, photosynthesis, respiration and cell membrane structure in plants. Although phosphorus is relatively abundant in soil, most of it is unavailable to plants due to its strong binding to soil minerals and low solubility. The amount of phosphorus available for plant uptake in the soil is often insufficient, limiting crop growth and yield.

[0004] There is currently no technical solution for applying phosphorus fertilizer in ginseng cultivation. In the actual cultivation process, there are problems such as high input of phosphorus fertilizer and low utilization efficiency. Although phosphorus fertilizer can promote the growth and development of plants, improper control of the application of phosphorus fertilizer will lead to excessive phosphorus content in the soil, which will reduce the ability of ginseng roots to absorb phosphorus, thus affecting the growth of ginseng. The large-scale application of phosphorus fertilizer causes an imbalance in the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil, limits the efficient utilization of nutrients, causes a large accumulation of phosphorus in the soil, and increases the risk of phosphorus movement and loss in the soil. In summary, in the process of ginseng cultivation and alleviating the obstacles to ginseng continuous cropping, the rational application of phosphorus fertilizer is an important means to improve yield and quality, as well as to solve the obstacles to continuous cropping. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a phosphorus regulation method for alleviating the continuous cropping obstacles of ginseng, studies the changes in ginseng quality under different application rates of phosphorus fertilizer, and is used to solve the problems of resource waste and environmental pollution caused by the abuse of phosphorus fertilizer. At the same time, from the perspective of soil nutrition, the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer is improved, the continuous cropping obstacles of ginseng are alleviated, the ginseng yield is increased, and the ginseng quality is optimized.

[0006] The technical solutions adopted in this application are as follows:

[0007] This scheme provides a phosphorus regulation method for alleviating ginseng continuous cropping obstacles, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step S1: Experimental site selection: Based on the large-scale soil collection work in the early stage, phosphorus fertilizer regulation was implemented, and a batch of two-year-old healthy ginseng seedlings were selected for cultivation in the constant temperature culture room of the Ginseng Science Research Institute of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, with the temperature set at 20°C, humidity at 70%, light intensity at 3000Lux, and light duration at 12h / d;

[0009] Step S2: Experimental treatment: grouping the ginseng seedlings and conducting experiments, applying different amounts of phosphorus fertilizer to different experimental groups;

[0010] Step S3: Transplanting ginseng seedlings: selecting seedlings and removing ginseng seedlings with damaged spores, and selecting healthy seedlings with uniform shape and size for transplanting;

[0011] Step S4: Field planting and management: performing normal ginseng field management;

[0012] Step S5 Sampling and data processing: After ginseng emerges, water it with phosphorus nutrient solution (with a conversion coefficient of 42% to heavy calcium), 200 mL per pot, and then sample it once every 14 days, for a total of five times. When sampling, the whole ginseng plant is removed, and the surface soil and the soil around the roots are removed. The ginseng rhizosphere soil is collected with a brush, part of which is naturally air-dried for use, and part is immediately stored in a -20°C refrigerator for use. After the collected ginseng is washed, the fresh weight is measured, and it is placed in an oven (40°C) for drying, and the dry weight is measured. At the same time, 3 ginseng plants of uniform size are selected for each treatment group, and they are crushed and passed through a No. 2 sieve for the determination of saponin content.

[0013] Preferably, the two-year-old ginseng seedlings in step S1 are provided by Jilin Province Fusong County Shenwang Plant Protection Co., Ltd., and the variety is big horse teeth. The test soil is ginseng continuous cropping soil that has been treated with strong reduction soil ecological restoration technology in the early stage. The alkaline nitrogen content is 35 mg·kg-1, the total phosphorus content is 476 mg·kg-1, the available phosphorus is 64.384 mg·kg-1, the pH value is 4.52, the soil bulk density is 1.16 g·cm-3, and the water content is 23%.

[0014] Preferably, in step S2, four test groups are set, including:

[0015] Group 1: No phosphorus treatment CK (0 g kg -1 ), an equal amount of water replaces the phosphorus nutrient solution.

[0016] Group 2: Phosphorus treatment P1 (0.44 g kg -1 ), after ginseng seedlings emerge, spray the liquid surface with phosphorus nutrient solution once, 200mL per pot.

[0017] Group 3: Phosphorus treatment P2 (0.62 g kg-1 ), after ginseng seedlings emerge, spray the liquid surface with phosphorus nutrient solution once, 200mL per pot.

[0018] Group 4: Phosphorus treatment P3 (0.80 g kg -1 ), after ginseng seedlings emerge, spray the liquid surface with phosphorus nutrient solution once, 200mL per pot.

[0019] Preferably, the effects of different phosphorus application treatments on the fresh weight and dry weight of cultivated ginseng, the effects on the content of cultivated ginsenosides and total saponins, the effects on the available phosphorus content in the rhizosphere soil, the effects on the physical and chemical properties of the rhizosphere soil, and the effects on soil enzymes in the rhizosphere soil are statistically analyzed to obtain the effects of different phosphorus fertilizer application rates on ginseng growth and quality, as well as the effects of different phosphorus fertilizer application rates on the nutrients and soil enzyme activity of the rhizosphere soil of the improved ginseng continuous cropping soil.

[0020] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention using the above scheme are as follows:

[0021] 1. Based on the early stage of strong reduction soil ecological restoration technology, monitoring and regulating phosphorus in the restored soil plays an important role in improving soil fertility and fertilizer efficiency. It can increase ginseng planting yield, improve ginseng quality, achieve soil-fertilizer coordination, and provide technical guarantee for high-yield and high-quality cultivation of ginseng.

[0022] 2. This program provides targeted phosphate fertilizer formulas and application techniques for agricultural production according to different soil and growth environment conditions, thereby improving the yield and quality of ginseng. Optimizing the application amount of phosphate fertilizer is of great significance for improving the yield and quality of ginseng. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the changes in fresh weight and dry weight of cultivated ginseng provided in Example 2;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the changes in the contents of ginsenosides and total saponins provided in Example 3;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the change of the effective phosphorus content under the phosphorus application treatment provided in Example 4;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the changes in soil enzyme activity under phosphorus application treatment provided in Example 5;

[0027] Figure 5 2 are the scree plot and PCA analysis diagram in this embodiment.

[0028] The meanings of the numbers in the accompanying drawings are as follows:

[0029] Figure 1 (a) shows the change of fresh weight of cultivated ginseng; Figure 1 Middle (b) shows the change in dry weight of cultivated ginseng.

[0030] Figure 5 Middle (a) is the scree map; Figure 5 (b) is the PCA analysis diagram. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] There is currently no technical solution for applying phosphorus fertilizer in ginseng cultivation. In the actual cultivation process, there are problems such as high phosphorus fertilizer input and low utilization efficiency. The large-scale application of phosphorus fertilizer causes an imbalance in the nitrogen and phosphorus ratio in the soil, limits the efficient utilization of nutrients, leads to a large accumulation of phosphorus in the soil, and increases the risk of phosphorus movement and loss in the soil. Therefore, optimizing the application of phosphorus fertilizer is of great significance to improving ginseng yield and quality.

[0033] This technical method provides targeted phosphate fertilizer formulations and application techniques for agricultural production based on different soil and growth environment conditions, thereby improving the yield and quality of ginseng.

[0034] The present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0035] The experimental operation steps include:

[0036] A. Experimental site selection: The experiment was conducted in the constant temperature culture room of the Ginseng Science Research Institute of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, with a set temperature of ℃ and light intensity. The two-year-old ginseng seedlings were provided by the Shenwang Plant Protection Co., Ltd. in Fusong County, Jilin Province. The variety was Dama Ya. The experimental soil was the ginseng continuous cropping soil that had been treated with strong reduction soil ecological restoration technology in the early stage. The alkaline nitrogen content was 35 mg kg -1 , total phosphorus content is 476 mg kg -1 , available phosphorus 64.384 mg kg -1 , pH value is 4.52, soil bulk density is 1.16 g·cm -3 , water content 23%.

[0037] B. Experimental treatment: There are 4 treatments in this experiment, namely:

[0038] No phosphorus treatment CK (0 kg / mu)

[0039] Phosphorus application treatment P1 (73 kg / mu)

[0040] Phosphorus application treatment P2 (103 kg / mu)

[0041] Phosphorus application treatment P3 (133 kg / mu)

[0042] C. Transplantation of ginseng seedlings: Select seedlings and remove ginseng seedlings with damaged spores, and select healthy seedlings with uniform shape and size for transplanting.

[0043] D. Field planting and management: The experiment set up 4 treatments, each with 15 replicates, totaling 60 pots. Ginseng seedlings were transplanted on May 1, 2023 and harvested on July 29, 2023. During the experiment, except for the amount of fertilizer applied in each treatment according to the experimental requirements, other management measures were the same, and normal ginseng field management was performed.

[0044] E. Sampling and data processing: After ginseng seedlings emerge, water the ginseng with phosphorus nutrient solution (with a conversion coefficient of 42% to heavy calcium), 200 mL per pot, and then sample once every 14 days, for a total of five times. When sampling, the whole ginseng plant is removed, and the surface soil and soil around the roots are removed. The ginseng rhizosphere soil is collected with a brush, part of which is naturally air-dried for use, and part is immediately stored in a -20℃ refrigerator for use. After the collected ginseng is washed, the fresh weight is measured, and it is placed in an oven (40℃) for drying, and the dry weight is measured. At the same time, 3 ginseng plants of uniform size are selected from each treatment group, crushed and passed through a No. 2 sieve for the determination of saponin content.

[0045] Below is the test result between different treatments of the present invention: Example 1

[0046] Analysis of the effects of different phosphorus application treatments on the fresh weight and dry weight of cultivated ginseng:

[0047] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that at different growth and development stages, the fresh weight of ginseng in the CK group showed an "N"-shaped change. Compared with the CK group, the fresh weight of ginseng in the P2 and P3 groups showed a similar trend, and the fresh weight increased significantly and was higher than that in the CK and P1 groups. After 62 days of cultivation, the fresh weight of the P1, P2, and P3 groups was similar in size and significantly higher than that in the CK group ( P <0.05); after 90 days of cultivation, the fresh weight of P2 was higher than that of other treatment groups.

[0048] The change trend of ginseng dry weight and fresh weight in CK group was similar, both showing an "N" shape change. Compared with CK group, the dry weight of ginseng in P2 and P3 groups showed a significant upward trend; at 62 days of cultivation, the dry weight of ginseng in P3 group was significantly higher than that in other treatment groups ( P <0.05); at 90 days of cultivation, the dry weight of ginseng in group P2 was significantly higher than that in other treatment groups ( P <0.05). Example 2

[0049] Analysis of the effects of different phosphorus treatments on the content of saponins and total saponins in cultivated ginseng:

[0050] The changes in ginsenoside and total saponin content after 90 days of ginseng cultivation are as follows Figure 2 , there were significant changes in each group.

[0051] Compared with the CK group, the contents of ginsenosides Ro, Rg1, Re, Rf, Rc, Rd, Rg3 and total saponins showed similar trends, and the contents of each group were significantly higher than those of the CK group ( P <0.05, and the content in group P1 was significantly higher than that in groups P2 and P3 ( P <0.05); at the same time, the change trends of ginsenoside monomers of Rb2, Rb3, and Rh2 were similar, and the contents of each group were significantly higher than those of the CK group ( P <0.05, and the content in group P2 was significantly higher than that in groups P1 and P3 ( P <0.05); in addition, the content of monomeric saponin Rb1 increased significantly ( P <0.05), there was no significant difference in the contents between P1 and P2 groups. Example 3

[0052] Analysis of the effects of different phosphorus application treatments on the available phosphorus content in rhizosphere soil:

[0053] In order to understand the utilization of soil phosphorus by ginseng cultivated at different times, this experiment measured the effective phosphorus in the soil. Available phosphorus is an indicator to measure the supply of soil phosphorus nutrients.

[0054] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, compared with the 34th day of cultivation, the available phosphorus content of each group showed a significant downward trend at the 62nd day of cultivation ( P <0.05), among which, the change trend of available phosphorus content in CK, P1 and P3 groups was similar, all showing a "V"-shaped change, and the content showed a slow upward trend in the later stage of cultivation. The available phosphorus content in P2 group showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and there was no significant difference in the available phosphorus content at 62d and 90d of cultivation. Example 4

[0055] Analysis of the effects of different phosphorus application treatments on the physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil:

[0056] The changes in soil physical and chemical properties under different phosphorus concentrations are shown in Table 1.

[0057] Table 1 Changes in physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil

[0058]

[0059] As shown in Table 1, with the increase of cultivation time, the soil pH values ​​of CK and P1 groups showed a significant downward trend, while the soil pH values ​​of P2 and P3 groups showed a significant upward trend, with the overall range of change being between 4.82 and 6.21. The conductivity of each group increased to varying degrees with the increase of cultivation time. At 62 days of cultivation, the conductivity of the P2 group reached a peak of 344.67 μS·cm -1After 90 days of cultivation, the P1, P2, and P3 groups were 3.06, 3.62, and 2.48 times that of the CK group, respectively.

[0060] Compared with the CK group, the contents of alkaline nitrogen and available potassium in each group increased to varying degrees. After 90 days of cultivation, the alkaline nitrogen contents in the soil of the P1, P2, and P3 groups increased significantly by 118.67%, 134.59%, and 172.50%, respectively ( P <0.05), and the available potassium content increased significantly by 9.84%, 11.88%, and 5.27% ( P <0.05).

[0061] After the cultivation period, the soil organic matter content in the CK and P3 groups showed a significant downward trend ( P <0.05), the soil organic matter content in groups P1 and P2 showed a significant upward trend ( P <0.05). At 90 days after planting, the organic matter content of each treatment increased significantly compared with the CK group, increasing by 30.37%, 48.81%, and 58.05%, respectively ( P <0.05). Example 5

[0062] Analysis of the effects of different phosphorus application treatments on soil enzymes in rhizosphere soil:

[0063] Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that with the increase of exogenous phosphorus concentration, the cellulase activity changed to varying degrees. Among them, the cellulase activity of the P2 treatment group reached a peak value (33.06 mg·g -1 ·d -1 At 48 days of cultivation, the cellulase activity of the P3 treatment group reached a peak value (34.00 mg·g -1 ·d -1 ); At 90 days of cultivation, compared with the CK group, the cellulase activity of the P1 and P2 treatment groups did not change significantly, and the cellulase activity of the P3 treatment group decreased significantly by 14.75% ( P <0.05).

[0064] As the exogenous phosphorus concentration increased, the protease activity in the P2 treatment group was significantly increased compared with the CK group ( P <0.05), and significantly increased by 13.42%, 13.86%, 15.71%, 5.22%, and 46.01% in each period. The protease activity of the P3 treatment group increased first and then decreased during the entire cultivation period. At 90 days of cultivation, the protease activity of the P1 and P2 treatment groups increased significantly, and the protease activity of the P3 treatment group decreased significantly by 16.45%, indicating that high concentrations of phosphorus may have an inhibitory effect on protease activity, and the inhibitory effect increases with the extension of cultivation time.

[0065] Compared with the CK group, the soil amylase activity of each group increased significantly in the early stage of cultivation (0-62 days) ( P <0.05, but there was no significant difference among the groups; in the late cultivation period (76d-90d), the amylase activity in the CK group was significantly higher than that in the other groups ( P <0.05), the differences among the groups were still not significant, indicating that the effect of phosphorus on soil amylase activity was weak.

[0066] The sucrase activity in the P2 and P3 treatment groups showed a significant increase trend ( P <0.05), the activity of sucrase in the P3 treatment group was the highest at each cultivation period, which was 69.37 mg·g -1 ·d -1 , 82.34 mg g -1 ·d -1 , 87.41mg·g -1 ·d -1 , 101.49 mg g -1 ·d -1 This indicates that high concentration of phosphorus may promote soil sucrase.

[0067] At 34 days of cultivation, the dehydrogenase activity in the P1 and P2 treatment groups was significantly inhibited compared with the CK group ( P <0.05), the dehydrogenase activity in the P3 treatment group was significantly promoted ( P <0.05); at 90 days of cultivation, there was no significant difference in dehydrogenase activity among the groups compared with the CK group.

[0068] As the exogenous phosphorus concentration increased, the lipase activity increased significantly ( P <0.05, compared with the CK group, the soil lipase activities of each group were P3>P2>P1 ( P <0.05). This indicates that soil lipase activity may be positively correlated with exogenous phosphorus concentration. Example 6

[0069] Experimental instruments: Agilent 1260 high performance liquid chromatograph (Agilent Technologies, USA), M200pro microplate reader (TECAN, Switzerland), ZQZY-85CNS shaking incubator (Shanghai Zhichu Instrument Co., Ltd.), HH-8 digital constant temperature water bath (Changzhou Jiangnan Experimental Instrument Factory), ME204 electronic balance (Mettler-Toledo Instrument Co., Ltd.), electric blast drying oven (Shanghai Hengyi Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd.), KQ-500DA CNC ultrasonic cleaner (Kunshan Ultrasonic Instrument Co., Ltd.).

[0070] Experimental materials: Two-year-old ginseng seedlings were provided by Shenwang Plant Protection Co., Ltd., Fusong County, Jilin Province. The variety is Da Ma Ya, a plant of the Araliaceae family. Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer);

[0071] Triple superphosphate (analytical grade, Shanghai Yien Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.), the phosphorus nutrient solution used was prepared with triple superphosphate, P2O5 content ≥ 42%; reference substances ginsenosides Ro (34367-04-9), Rg1 (22427-39-0), Re (52286-59-6), Rf (52286-58-5), Rb1 (41753-43-9), Rc (11021-14-0), Rb2 (11021-13-9), Rb3 (68406-26-8), Rd (52705-93-8), Rh2 (78214-33-2), and Rg3 (14197-60-5) were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with mass fractions greater than 98%.

[0072] The experimental soil was ginseng continuous cropping soil that had been treated by the research team's strong reduction soil ecological restoration technology in the early stage.

[0073] Test soil nutrient content: alkaline nitrogen content is 35 mg kg -1 , total phosphorus content is 476 mg kg -1 , available phosphorus 64.384 mg kg -1 , pH value is 4.52, soil bulk density is 1.16 g·cm -3 , water content 23%.

[0074] Specific test operations:

[0075] Step 1. Transplanting ginseng seedlings: Spread one-third of the improved ginseng continuous cropping soil in a plastic flower pot (upper diameter 20cm, lower diameter 13.5cm, height 22cm), plant three ginseng seedlings obliquely in it, and continue to cover the soil until the ginseng spores are completely covered by 2~3cm. Water each pot with an equal amount of clean water, and then place it under the same culture conditions (temperature 20℃, humidity 70%, light intensity 3000Lux, light duration 12h / d). After the ginseng seedlings emerge, water them once with phosphorus nutrient solution (with a conversion coefficient of 42% to heavy calcium), 200mL per pot.

[0076] Step 2. Sampling period: After ginseng seedlings emerge, water with phosphorus nutrient solution once, and sample once every 14 days, for a total of five times, namely 34 days, 48 ​​days, 62 days, 76 days, and 90 days after planting.

[0077] Step 3. Sampling and processing methods: When sampling, the whole ginseng plant was dug up, and after removing the surface soil and the soil around the roots, the ginseng rhizosphere soil was collected with a brush. A portion was naturally air-dried for use, and a portion was immediately stored in a -20℃ refrigerator for use. The collected ginseng was washed and measured for fresh weight, placed in an oven (40℃) for drying, and the dry weight was measured. At the same time, 3 ginseng plants of uniform size were selected from each treatment group, crushed and passed through a No. 2 sieve for the determination of saponin content.

[0078] Step 4. Determination of the content of ginseng monomer saponins: accurately weigh 1.000g of ginseng powder and place it in a conical flask, add 30ml of methanol, and perform ultrasonic extraction at 90Hz for 30min. Filter the supernatant, repeat three times, combine the filtrate, transfer to an evaporating dish and evaporate in a 60℃ water bath, dilute to a 5ml brown volumetric flask, and filter through a 0.22μm pinhole filter for subsequent detection. Repeat three times for each sample.

[0079] Step 5. Determination of the content of total ginsenosides: Prepare and determine according to the 2020 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" and the GB / T19506-2009 national standard.

[0080] Step 6. Chromatographic conditions of ginseng monomer saponins: Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler, Hypersil ODS2 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) chromatographic column was used, acetonitrile was used as mobile phase A, Wahaha purified water was used as mobile phase B, gradient elution was performed according to the provisions in the following table, the detection wavelength was 203 nm, the column temperature was 25 ° C, and the flow volume was 1.0 mL min -1 , injection volume 10μL.

[0081] Table 2 Gradient elution conditions

[0082]

[0083] Step 7. Determination of soil physical and chemical properties: soil moisture is determined by drying method; soil bulk density is determined by ring knife method; soil pH is determined by potentiometric method; conductivity is determined by conductivity meter; the determination methods of available phosphorus, available potassium, alkaline nitrogen and organic matter refer to the third edition of "Soil Agrochemical Analysis".

[0084] Step 8. The determination method refers to "Soil Enzymes and Their Research Methods". The activity of soil protease is determined by the ninhydrin colorimetric method, the activity of soil sucrase, amylase and cellulase is determined by the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method, the activity of soil dehydrogenase is determined by the triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) colorimetric method, and the activity of soil lipase is determined by the alkaline titration method.

[0085] In summary:

[0086] 1. Correlation analysis between ginsenosides and soil physical and chemical properties

[0087] As shown in Table 3 below, there is a certain correlation between the saponin content of cultivated ginseng and six soil physical and chemical properties under the regulation of exogenous phosphorus.

[0088] Table 3 Correlation analysis between ginsenosides and soil physical and chemical properties

[0089]

[0090] The conductivity and available potassium content had the same positive regulatory trend on the content of ginsenosides. Among them, Ro, Re, Rb1, Rb2, Rd, Rh2 and total saponin content were significantly positively correlated with the conductivity (P<0.01). Rg1 and Rf content were significantly negatively correlated with available phosphorus content (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between ginsenoside content and organic matter content.

[0091] 2. Correlation analysis between ginsenosides and soil enzyme activity

[0092] As shown in Table 4 below:

[0093] Table 4 Correlation analysis between ginsenosides and soil enzyme activities

[0094]

[0095] As shown in Table 4, there is a certain correlation between the saponin content of cultivated ginseng and six soil enzyme indicators under the regulation of exogenous phosphorus. Among them, the content of ginsenosides is significantly positively correlated with the activity of protease ( P <0.05, P <0.01), and showed a significant negative correlation with the activity of amylase ( P <0.05, P <0.01, indicating that proteases and amylases have opposite effects on the accumulation of ginsenosides. The contents of Rg1, Rf, and Rb3 were significantly negatively correlated with the activities of sucrase and dehydrogenase ( P <0.01).

[0096] 3. Principal component analysis

[0097] According to the results of correlation analysis, we selected four indicators with high correlation with ginsenosides: conductivity, quick-acting potassium, protease and amylase. Rb1, Re and Rg1 are content determination indicators specified in the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia", and total saponins are also an important indicator for evaluating ginseng quality. In summary, a total of 8 indicators were selected for principal component analysis, and the original data of these 8 quality indicators were normalized before analysis.

[0098] As shown in Table 5, using the principal component analysis method, two principal components can be extracted. The contribution rate of the first principal component (PC1) is 79.24%, and the contribution rate of the second principal component (PC2) is 15.48%. The two principal components can comprehensively represent 94.73% of the information, indicating that the extracted principal components can well summarize the original variables and basically represent all the information contained in the original data. Figure 5 It can be seen that the repeatability of each group is good, there are obvious differences between the PCK group and other treatment groups, and the P1 and P2 treatment groups are highly similar.

[0099] Table 5 Contribution rate and cumulative contribution rate of each principal component eigenvalue

[0100]

[0101] As shown in Table 6, the main component PC1 mainly includes Rb1, Re, PPD, total saponins, fast-acting potassium and amylase, and the main component PC2 mainly includes Rg1 and PPT.

[0102] Table 6 Principal component loading matrix and score coefficient matrix

[0103]

[0104] The principal component score function can be calculated as follows:

[0105] PC1=0.157x1+0.078x2+0.152x3+0.149x4-0.148x5+0.147x6+0.124x7-0.149x8

[0106] PC2=-0.050x1+0.735x2-0.111x3+0.036x4-0.254x5-0.110x6+0.422x7+0.244x8

[0107] F=0.795PC1+0.144C2

[0108] The principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate and rank the cultivated ginseng under different exogenous phosphorus regulation. The higher the comprehensive score, the better the ginseng quality under the treatment, and the more suitable the cultivation environment for ginseng growth. As shown in Table 7, under different exogenous phosphorus regulation, the scoring results P1≈P2>P3>PCK, indicating that when the exogenous phosphorus application amount is 70-110 kg / mu, the cultivation environment is more conducive to the growth of ginseng.

[0109] Table 7 Principal component scores and comprehensive scores

[0110]

[0111] Through the above test results, the general principle of reasonable application of phosphorus fertilizer is: under the regulation of 70-110 kg / mu of phosphorus, ginseng grows better, the effective ingredients of ginsenosides accumulate more, the soil environment is more suitable for ginseng growth, and the overall quality is the best.

[0112] The above are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention is disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any technician familiar with the profession, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, using the above disclosed technical content to make some changes or modifications are equivalent to equivalent implementation cases, and all belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention. The above is only a preferred implementation of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A phosphorus regulation method for alleviating ginseng continuous cropping obstacles, for ginseng continuous cropping soil that has been treated with strong reduction soil ecological restoration technology in the early stage, characterized in that: The ginseng continuous cropping soil is improved by using phosphorus fertilizer, the application amount of phosphorus fertilizer is optimized, and phosphorus monitoring and regulation treatment is performed on the repaired ginseng continuous cropping soil, which specifically includes the following steps: S1 Experimental site selection: Based on the previous large-scale soil collection work, phosphorus fertilizer regulation was implemented, and a batch of healthy ginseng seedlings were selected for cultivation in a constant temperature culture room; S2 Experimental treatment: Ginseng seedlings were divided into groups and then tested, with different amounts of phosphorus fertilizer applied to different experimental groups; S3 Transplantation of ginseng seedlings: Select seedlings and remove ginseng seedlings with damaged spores, and select healthy seedlings with uniform shape and size for transplanting; S4 Field planting and management: Carry out normal ginseng field management; S5 Sampling and data processing: After ginseng seedlings emerge, water with phosphorus nutrient solution once, 200 mL per pot, and then sample once every 14 days, for a total of five times; when sampling, dig up the whole ginseng plant, remove the surface soil and the soil around the roots, and use a brush to collect the ginseng rhizosphere soil. Part of it is naturally air-dried for use, and part is immediately stored in a -20℃ refrigerator for use; the collected ginseng is washed and measured for fresh weight, placed in a 40℃ oven for drying, and the dry weight is measured. At the same time, 3 ginseng plants of uniform size are selected from each treatment group, crushed and sieved through a No. 2 sieve for the determination of saponin content; comprehensive monitoring of soil physical and chemical properties, soil enzyme activity, and changes in ginsenoside and total saponin content indicators; In step S2, the phosphorus nutrient solution is prepared with triple superphosphate, and the P2O5 content is ≥42%. The experimental group is set up in four groups, including: Group 1: No phosphorus application treatment CK, 0 kg phosphorus fertilizer / mu, and an equal amount of water instead of phosphorus nutrient solution; Group 2: Phosphorus treatment P1, 73 kg of phosphorus fertilizer / mu, spray phosphorus nutrient solution once on the liquid surface after ginseng seedlings emerge, 200 mL per pot; Group 3: Phosphorus treatment P2, 103 kg phosphate fertilizer / mu, spray the phosphorus nutrient solution once on the liquid surface after ginseng seedlings emerge, 200 mL per pot; Group 4: Phosphorus treatment P3, 133 kg of phosphorus fertilizer / mu, spray phosphorus nutrient solution once on the liquid surface after ginseng seedlings emerge, 200 mL per pot; The effects of different phosphorus application treatments on the fresh weight and dry weight of cultivated ginseng, the content of saponins and total saponins in cultivated ginseng, the content of available phosphorus in rhizosphere soil, the physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil, and the soil enzymes in rhizosphere soil were statistically analyzed. The effects of different phosphorus fertilizer application rates on ginseng growth and quality were obtained, as well as the effects of different phosphorus fertilizer application rates on the nutrients and soil enzyme activity of the rhizosphere soil of improved ginseng continuous cropping soil.

2. A phosphorus regulation method for alleviating ginseng continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, except for the different amounts of phosphorus applied, the contents of other elements are the same. Each pot is filled with 3 kg of soil and 3 plants are planted.

3. A phosphorus regulation method for alleviating ginseng continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S4, the experiment is set up with 4 treatments in total, each treatment is repeated 15 times, and the experimental process is carried out in the same management measures except that the amount of fertilizer applied in each treatment is in accordance with the experimental requirements, and the ginseng field is managed normally.

4. A phosphorus regulation method for alleviating ginseng continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S5, after ginseng seedlings emerge, phosphorus nutrient solution is poured once, and samples are taken every 14 days, for a total of five times, namely 34 days, 48 ​​days, 62 days, 76 days, and 90 days after planting.

5. A phosphorus regulation method for alleviating ginseng continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step S1, the test soil is ginseng continuous cropping soil that has been treated with strong reduction soil ecological restoration technology in the early stage. The alkaline nitrogen content is 35 mg·kg-1, the total phosphorus content is 476 mg·kg-1, the available phosphorus is 64.384 mg·kg-1, the pH value is 4.52, the soil bulk density is 1.16 g·cm-3, and the water content is 23%; the ginseng seedlings are two-year-old ginseng seedlings, and the variety is big horse teeth; the parameters of the constant temperature culture chamber are: set temperature 20°C, humidity 70%, light intensity 3000Lux, and light duration 12h / d.

6. A phosphorus regulation method for alleviating ginseng continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 5, characterized in that: The application rate of phosphate fertilizer is 70~110 kg / mu.

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