Intelligent drilling tool and intelligent drilling method

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent drilling tool and an intelligent drilling method.The intelligent drilling tool comprises a main shaft arranged in a shell, a first gear, a second gear and two positioning bearings are distributed on the periphery of the main shaft, the first gear is in sliding connection with the main shaft through a pin key, and the second gear is in threaded connection with the main shaft; the first gear and the second gear are respectively connected with the two positioning bearings through connecting cylinders, the first gear is connected with a first driving mechanism for driving the first gear to rotate, the second gear is connected with a second driving mechanism for driving the second gear to rotate, the main shaft is connected with a drill bit through a jacket mechanism, and the first driving mechanism is provided with a pressure sensor. Compared with the prior art, the drilling tool has the advantages that the first gear, the second gear and the main shaft are matched with one another to complete rotation and feeding actions of the drill bit, the first gear and the second gear are axially positioned through the positioning bearing and the connecting cylinder, and the structure at the main shaft is simple and compact, so that the drilling tool is miniaturized, and the drilling tool is convenient to move in the drilling process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of composite material drilling, and in particular to an intelligent hole-making tool and an intelligent drilling method. Background Art

[0002] Due to its low specific strength and excellent corrosion resistance, titanium alloys have a variety of uses in the chemical, medical, automotive and aerospace industries. In aerospace structures, titanium alloys are often stacked with carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) to build multi-material composite parts with superior physical and chemical properties such as high stiffness, high strength-to-weight ratio, low density and good damping capacity. The connection between the composite laminate and the titanium plate is usually made by mechanical fastening, which requires drilling many holes in the aircraft structure. Most of the current drilling tools can only operate based on preset drilling parameters and lack the ability to adapt to diverse environments. Titanium alloys are one of the most difficult alloys to process due to their low thermal conductivity, high high-temperature chemical reactivity, high thermal strength and hardness. Due to the high temperature reached by the tool, titanium alloys are prone to form large burrs and accumulated edges, which in turn leads to rapid wear of the tool. Moreover, at high temperatures, the tool will also have greater wear. Since the wear of the tool will affect the roughness value of the drilled hole wall, on this basis, if the drill bit is still drilling with the preset drilling parameters without adjustment, its drilling quality is difficult to guarantee. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention provides an intelligent hole-making tool and an intelligent drilling method, which are used to solve the problem that it is difficult to ensure the drilling quality when drilling with preset drilling parameters by current drilling tools.

[0004] The present invention provides an intelligent hole-making tool, comprising a main shaft arranged in a shell, a first gear, a second gear and two locating bearings distributed on the outer periphery of the main shaft, the first gear and the main shaft are slidingly connected by a pin key, the second gear is threadedly connected to the main shaft, the first gear and the second gear are respectively connected to the two locating bearings by a connecting tube, the first gear is connected to a first driving mechanism that drives it to rotate, the second gear is connected to a second driving mechanism that drives it to rotate, the main shaft is connected to a drill bit by a sleeve mechanism, and the first driving mechanism is provided with a pressure sensor.

[0005] Preferably, the first driving mechanism includes: a first bevel gear, a first bevel spur gear and a first motor, the first bevel gear is meshed with the bevel gear on the first bevel spur gear, the spur gear on the first bevel spur gear is meshed with the first gear, the output shaft of the first motor is fixed to the first bevel gear, and the first bevel spur gear is rotatably arranged in the housing.

[0006] Preferably, the second driving mechanism includes: a second bevel gear, a second bevel spur gear and a second motor, the second bevel gear is meshed with the bevel gear on the second bevel spur gear, the spur gear on the second bevel spur gear is meshed with the second gear, the output shaft of the second motor is fixed to the second bevel gear, and the second bevel spur gear is rotatably arranged in the housing.

[0007] Preferably, a wheel axle is fixed in the housing, and the first bevel spur gear and the second bevel spur gear are both rotatably disposed on the wheel axle.

[0008] Preferably, the first gear and the second gear on the main shaft are arranged side by side, and the spur gear of the first bevel spur gear and the spur gear of the second bevel spur gear on the wheel shaft are arranged side by side.

[0009] The present invention also provides an intelligent drilling method, comprising a hole-making tool provided with a pressure sensor, and further comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1: storing drilling parameters corresponding to different wear degrees of the drill bit in the system; obtaining the drilling force f1 of the unworn drill bit after drilling into the first material through the pressure sensor, and obtaining the drilling force F1 of the unworn drill bit after drilling into the second material through the pressure sensor;

[0011] S2: The drill bit drills a hole in the composite material, and the drilling force f2 of the drill bit drilling into the first material of the composite material is obtained through the pressure sensor, and the drilling force F2 of the drill bit drilling into the second material of the composite material is obtained through the pressure sensor; the wear degree M of the drill bit is obtained by the following formula:

[0012]

[0013] M=ɑM1+(1-ɑ)M2 (3)

[0014] In the formula, M1 and M2 are wear percentages, ɑ is the composite material coefficient factor, and M is the tool wear characterization value. The smaller the M value, the greater the tool wear.

[0015] S3: During the drilling process, the system adaptively adjusts the drilling parameters of the drill bit according to the degree of wear of the drill bit obtained in step S2.

[0016] Preferably, the first material of the composite material is a CFRP plate, the second material of the composite material is a titanium alloy plate, and the value range of ɑ in step S2 is: 0<ɑ<0.5.

[0017] Preferably, in step S2, when the drill friction degree obtained is M 换 When the value is M, the drill bit of the hole making tool needs to be replaced, and then step S2 and step S3 are performed; 换 The value is obtained by:

[0018] When the tool wear is too large to meet the set drilling quality requirements, the drilling force obtained in the last drilling process is substituted into formulas (1)-(3) for calculation, and M is obtained. 换 value.

[0019] Preferably, the step S2 further comprises the following steps:

[0020] Step S21: obtaining the drilling force in real time according to the pressure sensor, and then obtaining the degree of drill wear in real time according to formulas (1)-(3) and feeding it back to the system;

[0021] Step S22: When the fluctuation range of the drill bit wear reaches a predetermined value, the system will adjust the drilling parameters of the drill bit according to the drill bit wear degree.

[0022] Preferably, in step S2, when the drill bit starts drilling the composite material, the drilling parameters are set based on experience, and the motor is controlled to output the initial drilling parameters.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, in the present invention, the first gear, the second gear and the main shaft cooperate with each other to complete the rotation and feeding action of the drill bit, and the first gear and the second gear are axially positioned by the positioning bearing and the connecting tube. The structure at the main shaft is simple and compact, which is conducive to miniaturizing the hole-making tool and convenient for movement during the drilling process. Secondly, the side-by-side arrangement of the first drive mechanism and the second drive mechanism can more reasonably utilize the space in the shell. Thirdly, during the drilling process, the present invention detects the drilling force of the drill bit in real time through a pressure sensor, and then realizes real-time monitoring of the degree of wear of the drill bit through a formula, so that the corresponding drilling parameters can be selected according to the different degrees of wear of the drill bit, thereby improving the drilling efficiency and tool life, ensuring the drilling quality, and realizing the intelligent adaptive drilling function of CFRP / titanium alloy laminated materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure in the middle.

[0027] Reference numerals:

[0028] 1. Housing, 2. Main shaft, 3. First gear, 4. Second gear, 5. Positioning bearing, 6. Connecting tube, 7. First driving mechanism, 8. Second driving mechanism, 9. Jacket mechanism, 21. Cooling hole, 71. First bevel gear, 72. First bevel spur gear, 73. First motor, 74. First reducer, 75. Coupling, 81. Second bevel gear, 82. Second bevel spur gear, 83. Second motor, 100. Pressure sensor, 200. Axle, 300. Support plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] See attached Figure 1 The present embodiment provides an intelligent hole-making tool, including a spindle 2 arranged in a housing 1, a first gear 3, a second gear 4 and two locating bearings 5 ​​are distributed on the outer periphery of the spindle 2, the first gear 3 and the spindle 2 are slidably connected by a pin key, and the arrangement enables the spindle 2 to move freely along its axial direction when the first gear 3 drives the spindle 2 to rotate; the second gear 4 is threadedly connected to the spindle 2, the first gear 3 and the second gear 4 are respectively connected to the two locating bearings 5 ​​through a connecting tube 6, the first gear 3 is connected to a first driving mechanism 7 that drives it to rotate, and the second gear 4 is connected to a second driving mechanism 8 that drives it to rotate, the spindle 2 is connected to the drill bit through a sleeve mechanism 9, and the first driving mechanism 7 is provided with a pressure sensor 100, and the pressure sensor 100 is used to detect the drilling force of the drill bit. The first driving mechanism 7 drives the first gear 3 to rotate and drives the spindle 2 to rotate, thereby realizing the function of rotating the drill bit. The second driving mechanism 8 drives the second gear 4 to rotate and drives the spindle 2 to move along the length direction of the spindle 2, thereby realizing the function of feeding the drill bit. In the present invention, the first gear 3, the second gear 4 and the main shaft 2 cooperate with each other to complete the rotation and feeding action of the drill bit, and the first gear 3 and the second gear 4 are axially positioned by the positioning bearing 5 and the connecting tube 6. The structure at the main shaft 2 is simple and compact, which is conducive to miniaturizing the hole-making tool and convenient for movement during the drilling process. Secondly, the side-by-side arrangement of the first drive mechanism 7 and the second drive mechanism 8 can more reasonably utilize the space in the housing 1.

[0031] An implementation method of the first driving mechanism 7: Figure 2The first driving mechanism 7 includes: a first bevel gear 71, a first bevel spur gear 72 and a first motor 73. The first bevel spur gear 72 includes a bevel gear and a spur gear fixed to the bevel gear. The first bevel gear 71 meshes with the bevel gear on the first bevel spur gear 72. The spur gear on the first bevel spur gear 72 meshes with the first gear 3. The output shaft of the first motor 73 is fixed to the first bevel gear 71. The first bevel spur gear 72 is rotatably arranged in the housing 1. The first bevel gear 71 is rotatably arranged in the housing 1. The structural design of the bevel gear enables the first motor 73 to be distributed vertically to avoid the accumulation of parts at the main shaft 2. Secondly, the design of the first bevel spur gear 72 also makes the overall structure more compact.

[0032] An implementation of the second driving mechanism 8: The second driving mechanism 8 includes a second bevel gear 81, a second bevel spur gear 82 and a second motor 83, the second bevel gear 81 meshes with the bevel gear on the second bevel spur gear 82, the spur gear on the second bevel spur gear 82 meshes with the second gear 4, the output shaft of the second motor 83 is fixed to the second bevel gear 81, the second bevel spur gear 82 is rotatably disposed in the housing 1, and the second bevel gear 81 is rotatably disposed in the housing 1. The structural design of the bevel gears enables the second motor 83 to be distributed vertically to avoid the accumulation of parts at the spindle 2, and secondly, the design of the second bevel spur gear 82 also makes the overall structure more compact.

[0033] As another embodiment of the present invention: a wheel axle 200 is fixed in the housing 1, and the first bevel spur gear 72 and the second bevel spur gear 82 are both rotatably disposed on the wheel axle 200. This structural design makes the hole making tool compact and is conducive to the miniaturization design of the tool.

[0034] As another embodiment of the present invention, the first gear 3 and the second gear 4 on the main shaft 2 are arranged side by side, and the spur gears of the first bevel spur gear 72 and the spur gears of the second bevel spur gear 82 on the wheel shaft 200 are arranged side by side. This structural design makes the hole making tool compact and is conducive to the miniaturization design of the tool.

[0035] As another embodiment of the present invention: this embodiment further includes a support plate 300 fixed in the housing 1, and the first bevel gear 71 and the second bevel gear 81 are both rotatably disposed on the support plate 300. This structural design makes the hole making tool compact and is conducive to the miniaturization design of the tool.

[0036] As another embodiment of the present invention: the first drive mechanism 7 further includes a first reducer 74 and a coupling 75, the pressure sensor 100 is arranged between the first reducer 74 and the coupling 75, the first reducer 74 is connected to the output shaft of the first motor 73, and the coupling 75 is connected to the first bevel gear 71. The structure of the second drive mechanism 8 is basically the same as that of the first drive mechanism 7, except that the second drive mechanism 8 is not provided with the pressure sensor 100.

[0037] As another embodiment of the present invention: a cooling hole 21 is provided in the spindle 2, and the cooling hole 21 is used to dissipate heat from the spindle 2, so as to meet the high-speed rotation requirements and long-term working requirements of the spindle 2. The present invention sets the driving mechanism on one side of the spindle 2 through a bevel gear, so as to facilitate the setting of a cooling mechanism, such as a rotary joint, a cooling pipe, etc., at the end of the spindle 2 away from the drill bit. The overall layout is reasonable, so that the hole-making tool can work efficiently.

[0038] The present invention adopts a coaxial structural design of the feed and the main shaft 2, which reduces the additional torque in the drilling process, and has a simple and compact structure, which reduces the weight of the tool and is conducive to miniaturization of the tool, making it convenient to use in the drilling process.

[0039] The present invention also provides an intelligent drilling method, including a hole-making tool provided with a pressure sensor 100, the pressure sensor 100 is used to detect the drilling force of the drill bit, for example, the hole-making tool is the above-mentioned intelligent hole-making tool, and further includes the following steps:

[0040] S1: Drilling parameters corresponding to drill bits at different wear levels are stored in the system, for example, drill bits at different wear levels and corresponding drilling parameters are stored in a parameter adjustment table for subsequent use in drilling. The drilling force f1 of an unworn drill bit after drilling into a first material is obtained through a pressure sensor 100, and the drilling force F1 of an unworn drill bit after drilling into a second material is obtained through a pressure sensor 100. In this embodiment, the unworn drill bit is a new drill bit; the first material and the second material are two materials in a composite material.

[0041] S2: The drill bit drills a hole in the composite material. During the drilling process, the pressure sensor 100 detects the change in the drilling force during the drilling process. Specifically, the drilling force f2 of the drill bit drilling into the first material of the composite material is obtained through the pressure sensor 100, and the drilling force F2 of the drill bit drilling into the second material of the composite material is obtained through the pressure sensor 100. The wear degree M of the drill bit is obtained by the following formula:

[0042]

[0043] M=ɑM1+(1-ɑ)M2 (3)

[0044] In the formula, M1 and M2 are wear percentages, ɑ is the composite material coefficient factor, and M is the tool wear characterization value. For the same composite material, the smaller the M value, the greater the tool wear;

[0045] Through this step, the change of drilling force can be monitored by the pressure sensor 100 to measure the degree of drill wear. Then the system adjusts the drilling parameters of the drill in real time according to the degree of drill wear and the parameter adjustment table, so that the quality of drilling is always maintained in the optimal state.

[0046] Among them, the ɑ value is selected through experience in actual engineering application conditions, and it is related to factors such as drilling material, material drilling thickness, drill bit type, drilling environment, etc. In this embodiment, the composite material is CFRP / titanium alloy, the first material of the composite material is CFRP plate, and the second material of the composite material is titanium alloy plate. The value range of ɑ is: 0<ɑ<0.5.

[0047] S3: During the drilling process, the system adaptively adjusts the drilling parameters of the drill bit according to the wear degree of the drill bit obtained in step S2. Specifically, after indirectly obtaining the wear degree of the drill bit through the pressure sensor 100, the system adjusts the drilling parameters of the drill bit in real time with reference to the parameter adjustment table, so that the hole quality of the drill bit remains in the optimal state.

[0048] In step S2, when the drill starts drilling the composite material, the drilling parameters are set according to experience, and the motor is controlled to output the initial drilling parameters. Alternatively, the drilling parameter data when the drill is not worn is added to the parameter adjustment table, and then the system automatically controls the drill to drill according to the parameter adjustment table.

[0049] In step S2, when the drill friction degree is M 换 When the value is , it is necessary to replace the drill bit of the hole making tool, and then execute step S2 and step S3. 换 The value is obtained in the following way: in the process of obtaining the drilling parameters under different wear levels of the drill bit and storing them in the system, the drill bit will use different drilling parameters to perform drilling tests under different wear levels, and record the test results (drilling hole wall roughness values). When the tool wear is large and cannot meet the set drilling quality requirements, the drilling force obtained in the last drilling process is substituted into formulas (1)-(3) for calculation to obtain M. 换 Through this design, the system can automatically determine whether the tool needs to be replaced, thereby improving drilling efficiency; secondly, it can fully utilize the tool life while ensuring the drilling quality.

[0050] In step S2, before drilling the composite material, the following steps are also included:

[0051] (1) According to the hole diameter requirements, select a drill bit of appropriate diameter and a corresponding drilling template. The drilling template can fix the tool, accurately position it, and ensure the concentricity of the drilling hole. The drill bit passes through the expansion jacket, and the device is fixed to the drilling template through the expansion jacket.

[0052] (2) Use a drilling template to fix the hole-making tool on the composite material to be drilled.

[0053] (3) The feeding part is started and the tool is set. During the tool setting, an infrared sensor detects the distance from the drill bit to the working surface to achieve rapid tool setting.

[0054] Wherein, step S2 also includes the following steps:

[0055] Step S21: obtaining the drilling force in real time according to the pressure sensor 100, and then obtaining the degree of drill wear in real time according to formulas (1)-(3) and feeding it back to the system;

[0056] Step S22: When the drill wear degree fluctuation range reaches a predetermined value, the system will adjust the drilling parameters of the drill bit according to the drill wear degree at this time. When the drill wear degree fluctuation range does not reach the predetermined value, the system will not adjust the drilling parameters of the drill bit. For example, when the drill wear degree M value decreases from a1 to a2, and the drill wear degree fluctuation range reaches a predetermined value, the system will adjust the drilling parameters of the drill bit according to the a2 value, and when a1 decreases to a2, the system will not adjust the drilling parameters of the drill bit. This structural design ensures the quality of the hole while avoiding the system from frequently adjusting the drilling parameters, which is beneficial to increasing the service life of the hole-making tool.

[0057] During the drilling process, the present invention detects the drilling force of the drill bit in real time through the pressure sensor 100, and then realizes real-time monitoring of the degree of wear of the drill bit through a formula, so that corresponding drilling parameters can be selected according to the different degrees of wear of the drill bit, thereby improving the drilling efficiency and tool life, ensuring the drilling quality, and realizing the intelligent adaptive drilling function of CFRP / titanium alloy laminated materials.

[0058] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent hole-making tool, It is characterized in that It includes a main shaft arranged in a shell, and a first gear, a second gear and two locating bearings are distributed on the outer circumference of the main shaft, the first gear is slidingly connected to the main shaft through a pin key, the second gear is threadedly connected to the main shaft, the first gear and the second gear are respectively connected to the two locating bearings through a connecting tube, the first gear is connected to a first driving mechanism that drives it to rotate, the second gear is connected to a second driving mechanism that drives it to rotate, the main shaft is connected to the drill bit through a sleeve mechanism, and the first driving mechanism is provided with a pressure sensor.

2. The intelligent hole making tool according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The first driving mechanism includes: a first bevel gear, a first bevel spur gear and a first motor, the first bevel gear is meshed with the bevel gear on the first bevel spur gear, the spur gear on the first bevel spur gear is meshed with the first gear, the output shaft of the first motor is fixed to the first bevel gear, and the first bevel spur gear is rotatably arranged in the housing.

3. The intelligent hole making tool according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The second driving mechanism includes: a second bevel gear, a second bevel spur gear and a second motor, the second bevel gear is meshed with the bevel gear on the second bevel spur gear, the spur gear on the second bevel spur gear is meshed with the second gear, the output shaft of the second motor is fixed to the second bevel gear, and the second bevel spur gear is rotatably arranged in the housing.

4. The intelligent hole making tool according to claim 3, It is characterized in that A wheel axle is fixed in the housing, and the first bevel spur gear and the second bevel spur gear are both rotatably arranged on the wheel axle.

5. The intelligent hole making tool according to claim 4, It is characterized in that The first gear and the second gear on the main shaft are arranged side by side, and the spur gear of the first bevel spur gear and the spur gear of the second bevel spur gear on the wheel shaft are arranged side by side.

6. An intelligent drilling method, It is characterized in that The method comprises a hole-making tool provided with a pressure sensor, and further comprises the following steps: S1: storing drilling parameters corresponding to different wear degrees of the drill bit in the system; obtaining the drilling force f1 of the unworn drill bit after drilling into the first material through the pressure sensor, and obtaining the drilling force F1 of the unworn drill bit after drilling into the second material through the pressure sensor; S2: The drill bit drills a hole in the composite material, and the drilling force f2 of the drill bit drilling into the first material of the composite material is obtained through the pressure sensor, and the drilling force F2 of the drill bit drilling into the second material of the composite material is obtained through the pressure sensor; the wear degree M of the drill bit is obtained by the following formula: M=ɑM 1 +(1-ɑ)M 2 (3) Where M 1 、M 2 All are wear percentages, ɑ is the composite material coefficient factor, M is the tool wear characterization value, the smaller the M value, the greater the tool wear; S3: During the drilling process, the system adaptively adjusts the drilling parameters of the drill bit according to the degree of wear of the drill bit obtained in step S2.

7. The intelligent drilling method according to claim 6, It is characterized in that The first material of the composite material is a CFRP plate, the second material of the composite material is a titanium alloy plate, and the value range of ɑ in step S2 is: 0<ɑ<0.

5.

8. The intelligent drilling method according to claim 7, It is characterized in that In step S2, when the drill friction degree is M 换 When the value is M, the drill bit of the hole making tool needs to be replaced, and then step S2 and step S3 are performed; 换 The value is obtained by: When the tool wear is too large to meet the set drilling quality requirements, the drilling force obtained in the last drilling process is substituted into formulas (1)-(3) for calculation, and M is obtained. 换 value.

9. The intelligent drilling method according to claim 8, It is characterized in that The step S2 further comprises the following steps: Step S21: obtaining the drilling force in real time according to the pressure sensor, and then obtaining the degree of drill wear in real time according to formulas (1)-(3) and feeding it back to the system; Step S22: When the fluctuation range of the drill bit wear reaches a predetermined value, the system will adjust the drilling parameters of the drill bit according to the drill bit wear degree.

10. The intelligent drilling method according to claim 9, It is characterized in that In step S2, when the drill bit starts drilling the composite material, the drilling parameters are set according to experience, and the motor is controlled to output the initial drilling parameters.

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