Liquid hydrogen leakage diffusion simulation test system

Abstract

The invention discloses a liquid hydrogen leakage diffusion simulation test system which comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank, a liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device and a first data collector array, the liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device is communicated with the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the first data collector array comprises a plurality of data collection units. The data acquisition unit adopts at least one of a concentration sensor, a first temperature sensor and a first humidity sensor, and the plurality of data acquisition units are respectively distributed in front of the liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device. Therefore, by reasonably building a liquid hydrogen and low-temperature hydrogen leakage diffusion experiment platform and perfectly collecting data, the research on leakage diffusion characteristics and internal mechanisms of liquid hydrogen and low-temperature hydrogen is facilitated, the research result can provide formulation and implementation of an emergency scheme for potential dangers of liquid hydrogen application, fire and explosion accidents are prevented and avoided, and the application prospect is wide. The method has important value for safety application of places such as liquid hydrogen refueling stations and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fire safety, and in particular to a liquid hydrogen leakage and diffusion simulation test system. Background Art

[0002] As a fuel with high energy density, hydrogen is regarded as an important fuel that can replace fossil fuels in the future. Liquid hydrogen has a higher energy density than hydrogen and is widely used in national defense, military industry, and aerospace technology. It will also play an increasingly important role in our daily lives in the future.

[0003] Liquid hydrogen is often stored and used in the form of liquid hydrogen to improve the efficiency of hydrogen transportation and storage due to its high volume energy density and significant economies of scale. However, once liquid hydrogen leaks during production, storage, transportation and use, it will quickly evaporate into low-temperature hydrogen. Hydrogen is flammable, explosive and easy to spread, posing a potential threat to the safety of surrounding personnel, equipment and infrastructure, and even leading to serious safety accidents. Therefore, the study of hydrogen leakage characteristics, evolution laws and prevention and control measures has gradually become a research hotspot in this field.

[0004] At present, domestic research on the leakage and diffusion of liquid hydrogen and cryogenic hydrogen mainly uses numerical simulation research. There is a lack of relevant or large amounts of experimental data on the leakage and diffusion of liquid hydrogen and cryogenic hydrogen. Even when experimental devices are used, they mostly use a combination of a simple nozzle and multiple sensors covering the front of the nozzle, making it impossible to effectively and realistically simulate hydrogen leakage accident scenarios, and thus unable to accurately collect hydrogen data after the leakage. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention proposes a liquid hydrogen leakage and diffusion simulation test system, which accurately arranges data collection sites through the design of special collection sites so as to fully measure the hydrogen data after leakage.

[0006] A liquid hydrogen leakage and diffusion simulation test system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0007] A liquid hydrogen storage unit, the liquid hydrogen storage unit comprising a liquid hydrogen storage tank;

[0008] A liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device, wherein the liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device is connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank;

[0009] A first data acquisition device array, wherein the first data acquisition device array includes a plurality of data acquisition units, wherein the data acquisition unit uses at least one of a concentration sensor, a first temperature sensor, and a first humidity sensor, and the plurality of data acquisition units are respectively distributed in front of the liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device, and the distribution law of the data acquisition units satisfies a sub-response surface function Z, wherein the sub-response surface function Z is:

[0010] z=z0+ax+by+cx 2 +dy 2 +fxy

[0011] Where Z0 is the height of the data acquisition unit from the xy horizontal plane, a, b, c, d and f are the secondary response surface coefficients, and the fitting values ​​are a=9.37*10^(-17), b=1.17, c=-0.07, d=0.02, and f=-5.22*10^(-18), respectively.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the liquid hydrogen storage unit further includes a first pressure gauge, a first safety valve, a first liquid level meter, a liquid hydrogen temperature sensor, and a liquid discharge control valve, which are respectively arranged on the liquid hydrogen storage tank.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, it further includes: an image acquisition device, which includes an infrared thermal imager and an explosion-proof camera.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, it further includes: a hot and humid climate wind tunnel test bench, in which the liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device and the first data acquisition device array are arranged.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, it also includes: a second data acquisition array, the second data acquisition array is arranged behind the liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device, the second data acquisition array includes a second data acquisition unit, and the second data acquisition unit includes at least one of a second temperature sensor, a second humidity sensor and an anemometer.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present invention, an obstacle is provided between the liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device and the first data acquisition device array.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present invention, it also includes: a transmission pipeline, a heat exchanger and a liquid storage tank, one end of the transmission pipeline is connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the other end is connected to the liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device, the heat exchanger is arranged on the transmission pipeline, and the heat exchanger is connected to the liquid storage tank.

[0018] Beneficial effects:

[0019] The present invention is conducive to studying the leakage and diffusion characteristics and internal mechanisms of liquid hydrogen and cryogenic hydrogen by reasonably building a liquid hydrogen and cryogenic hydrogen leakage and diffusion experimental platform and perfecting data collection. The research results can provide the formulation and implementation of emergency plans for the potential dangers of liquid hydrogen application, prevent and avoid fire and explosion accidents, and have important practical significance and value for the safe application and promotion of liquid hydrogen refueling stations and other places.

[0020] The hydrogen leakage and diffusion experimental system of the present invention has the advantages of high remote control experimental efficiency, strong anti-external interference ability, simulation of atmospheric boundary layers of different hot and humid climates, safe experimental process, etc., and the experimental system and data acquisition process are clear and easy to operate experiments and conduct research, with high reliability and easy promotion and application.

[0021] The arranged data collection sites can fully measure the hydrogen data after the leak, avoiding the uniform setting of data collection sites, which can reduce the number of data collection units to a certain extent, thereby reducing the test cost. In addition, the system of the present application has dual functions, which can realize both liquid hydrogen leakage and low-temperature hydrogen leakage, making it easy to operate experiments and conduct research. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a liquid hydrogen leakage and diffusion simulation test system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a liquid hydrogen leakage and diffusion simulation cloud diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a secondary response surface according to the liquid hydrogen leakage diffusion range of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of sensor arrangement and collection sites of a first data collector array according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Reference numerals:

[0028] 100. Liquid hydrogen leakage and diffusion simulation test system;

[0029] 1. Liquid hydrogen storage tank; 11. First pressure gauge; 12. First safety valve; 13. First liquid level meter; 14. Liquid hydrogen temperature sensor; 15. Drain control valve; 2. Liquid hydrogen leakage simulation device; 3. First data acquisition device array; 4. Image acquisition device; 5. Hot and humid climate wind tunnel test bench; 6. Second sensor array; 7. Obstacle; 8. Transmission pipeline; 81. Heat exchanger; 9. Liquid storage tank; 91. Second pressure gauge; 92. Second safety valve; 93. Second liquid level meter; 94. Liquid temperature sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments disclosed in this application. The description of the embodiments is actually only illustrative and exemplary, and does not serve as any limitation to the present disclosure and its application or use; based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without carrying out creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure. In addition, the technologies, methods and equipment known to ordinary technicians in the relevant fields may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the technologies, methods and equipment should be regarded as part of the specification.

[0031] Reference below Figures 1 to 4 A liquid hydrogen leakage and diffusion simulation test system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0032] Combination Figure 1 As shown, a liquid hydrogen leakage and diffusion simulation test system 100 of an embodiment of the present invention at least includes:

[0033] A liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, a liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device 2 and a first data acquisition device array 3, wherein the liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device 2 is connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and a nozzle can be used at the leakage port of the liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device 2, and the nozzle can be a component with different shapes and different calibers. The first data acquisition device array 3 includes a plurality of data acquisition units, and the data acquisition unit uses at least one of a concentration sensor, a first temperature sensor and a first humidity sensor. The plurality of data acquisition units are respectively distributed in front of the liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device 2. It should be noted that the front here refers to the same direction as the leakage port of the liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device 2.

[0034] Specifically, the distribution law of the data acquisition unit satisfies the sub-response surface function Z, and the sub-response surface function Z is:

[0035] z=z0+ax+by+cx 2 +dy 2 +fxy

[0036] Where Z0 is the height of the data acquisition unit from the xy horizontal plane, a, b, c, d and f are the secondary response surface coefficients, and the fitting values ​​are a=9.37*10^(-17), b=1.17, c=-0.07, d=0.02, and f=-5.22*10^(-18), respectively.

[0037] When in use, the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1 is ejected outward through the leakage port of the liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device 2 and diffused to the first data acquisition device array 3 area, and different data information is collected respectively through the data acquisition unit, wherein the data information includes concentration, temperature and humidity. Then, the general morphology of the diffusion of the hydrogen cloud in the air is determined by response surface analysis, and then the placement points of the data acquisition unit can be accurately arranged according to the law of the morphology, so as to better capture the data of the leakage diffusion, and at the same time, it can also avoid the uniform setting of the data acquisition sites, which can reduce the number of data acquisition units to a certain extent, thereby reducing the test cost.

[0038] Furthermore, the liquid hydrogen storage unit also includes a first pressure gauge 11, a first safety valve 12, a first liquid level meter 13, a liquid hydrogen temperature sensor 14, and a liquid discharge control valve 15, which are arranged on the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1. Among them, the first pressure gauge 11 is used to display the pressure in the storage tank, the first safety valve 12 is to prevent the pressure in the tank from exceeding the design allowable value, thereby protecting the safety of the equipment and its operators, the first liquid level meter is used to check the liquid hydrogen capacity in the storage tank; the liquid hydrogen temperature sensor 14 checks the temperature in the storage tank to verify whether the storage tank container has heat leakage, and the first liquid discharge valve is used to control the discharge of liquid hydrogen during the experiment.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the liquid hydrogen leakage and diffusion simulation test system also includes an image acquisition device 4, which includes an infrared thermal imager and an explosion-proof camera. The infrared thermal imager is used to record the temperature distribution of the hydrogen cloud, and the explosion-proof camera records the diffusion morphology of the hydrogen cloud in the air.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the liquid hydrogen leakage and diffusion simulation test system also includes a hot and humid climate wind tunnel test bench 5, wherein during the experiment, the liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device 2 and the first data acquisition device array 3 are both arranged in the hot and humid climate wind tunnel test bench 5. Specifically, the hot and humid climate wind tunnel test bench 5 can change different wind speeds, simulate the atmospheric boundary layer of the actual environment, and provide different environmental climates (heating, cooling, humidification). The temperature can be increased by means of an electric heater or a burner, and the temperature can be reduced by means of a refrigerator or a heat exchange system. At the same time, the humidity can be increased by means of a humidifier.

[0041] Further, based on the above embodiment, the liquid hydrogen leakage diffusion simulation test system also includes: a second data acquisition array, the second data acquisition array is arranged at the rear of the liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device 2. It should be noted that the rear here refers to the direction opposite to the leakage port of the liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device 2, that is, it is equivalent to the back of the liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device 2. The second data acquisition array includes a second data acquisition unit, and the second data acquisition unit includes at least one of a second temperature sensor, a second humidity sensor and an anemometer; wherein,

[0042] The temperature value of the hot and humid climate wind tunnel test bench 5 is recorded by the second temperature sensor, the atmospheric humidity in the hot and humid climate wind tunnel test bench 5 is recorded by the humidity sensor, and the wind speed in the hot and humid climate wind tunnel test bench 5 is recorded by the anemometer, so as to detect and verify the wind speed requirements required for the experiment.

[0043] Since the temperature of liquid hydrogen is minus 250°C, the temperature and humidity of the environment near the leakage will drop sharply when it leaks. Therefore, in actual monitoring, the hydrogen concentration sensor is not suitable for installation near the liquid hydrogen leakage. However, if the installation point is too far away, it will affect the response speed of the hydrogen concentration sensor in detecting liquid hydrogen leakage.

[0044] Therefore, after the simulation test of the above-mentioned multiple factors (including wind speed, wind direction, ambient temperature, humidity, leakage speed, leakage port location, whether the space is closed, semi-closed, or open), the diffusion trend of the liquid hydrogen leakage diffusion cloud under the influence of different factors is determined, and the spatial intersection between the clouds of each factor is found, so as to continuously correct the position of the detection point set to ensure that the monitoring point set is included in the spatial intersection of the clouds of each factor. Finally, after multiple iterations, the final monitoring point can be determined, which can be used as the monitoring site when liquid hydrogen leaks. In this way, the liquid hydrogen leakage situation can be monitored more reliably, so that effective prevention and control measures can be made in the shortest time.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, an obstacle 7 is provided between the liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device 2 and the first data acquisition device array 3, wherein the obstacle 7 can be provided with obstacles 7 of different shapes, different sizes, and different arrangements, so that the hydrogen leakage situation in the presence of the obstacle 7 can be obtained.

[0046] The system working process of the liquid hydrogen leakage and diffusion experiment is as follows:

[0047] The experimenter puts on protective clothing, work gloves and safety helmets, and then debugs and calibrates the instruments or equipment in the entire system to ensure that each instrument or equipment is in normal working condition, and adjusts the placement and angle of the first data acquisition array 3, infrared thermal imager and explosion-proof camera;

[0048] Adjust the direction of liquid hydrogen release;

[0049] Start and debug the internal atmospheric environment (heating, cooling, humidification) of the hot and humid climate wind tunnel test bench 5 and set the wind speed, and use the second temperature sensor, the second humidity sensor, and the anemometer until the atmospheric environment required by the experiment is reached;

[0050] The discharge control valve 15 is started to release the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1. After the specified leakage time is reached, a set of leakage test conditions is completed, and the discharge control valve 15 is closed;

[0051] In order to improve the accuracy of the experiment and avoid accidental errors, 2-3 repeated experiments can be conducted and the average value can be taken as the measurement value;

[0052] Adjust the experimental parameters according to the experimental content requirements to conduct the next set of experiments and repeat the above steps.

[0053] In addition to conducting liquid hydrogen leakage experiments, the test system of the present invention can also conduct low-temperature hydrogen leakage tests. Specifically, in some embodiments of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the liquid hydrogen leakage and diffusion simulation test system also includes a transmission pipeline 8, a heat exchanger 81 and a liquid storage tank 9. One end of the transmission pipeline 8 is connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1, and the other end is connected to the liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device 2. The heat exchanger 81 is arranged on the transmission pipeline 8, and the heat exchanger 81 is connected to the liquid storage tank 9, wherein hot water can be stored in the liquid storage tank 9.

[0054] When in use, the heat exchanger 81 is used to exchange heat between the liquid hydrogen in the transmission pipeline 8 and the hot water, thereby increasing the temperature of the liquid hydrogen and converting the liquid hydrogen into gaseous hydrogen, thereby realizing the leakage test of the gaseous hydrogen.

[0055] Preferably, for the safety of the liquid storage tank 9, the liquid storage tank 9 is also provided with a second pressure gauge 91, a second safety valve 92, a second liquid level meter 93, and a liquid temperature sensor 94, wherein the second pressure gauge 91 is used to display the pressure in the storage tank, the second safety valve 92 is to prevent the pressure in the tank from exceeding the design allowable value, thereby protecting the safety of the equipment and its operators, and the second liquid level meter is used to check the liquid capacity in the storage tank; the liquid temperature sensor 94 checks the temperature in the storage tank to verify whether the storage tank container is leaking heat.

[0056] The system working process of low temperature hydrogen leakage and diffusion experiment is as follows:

[0057] The experimenter puts on protective clothing, work gloves and safety helmets, and then debugs and calibrates the instruments or equipment in the entire system to ensure that each instrument or equipment is in normal working condition, and adjusts the placement and angle of the first data acquisition array 3, infrared thermal imager and explosion-proof camera;

[0058] Adjust the direction of low-temperature hydrogen release;

[0059] Start and debug the internal atmospheric environment (heating, cooling, humidification) of the hot and humid climate wind tunnel test bench 5 and set the wind speed, and use the second temperature sensor, the second humidity sensor, and the anemometer until the atmospheric environment required by the experiment is reached;

[0060] Open the control valve of the liquid storage tank 9 so that the hot water in the tank flows into the heat exchanger 81, so that heat exchange occurs between the liquid hydrogen in the transmission pipeline 8 and the hot water;

[0061] The discharge control valve 15 is started to release the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 1. The liquid hydrogen is converted into gaseous hydrogen and released after passing through the transmission pipeline 8. After the specified leakage time is reached, a set of leakage test conditions is completed, and the discharge control valve 15 is closed;

[0062] In order to improve the accuracy of the experiment and avoid accidental errors, 2-3 repeated experiments can be conducted and the average value can be taken as the measurement value;

[0063] Adjust the experimental parameters according to the experimental content requirements to conduct the next set of experiments and repeat the above steps.

[0064] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0065] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0066] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A liquid hydrogen leakage and diffusion simulation test system, characterized in that: include: Liquid hydrogen storage tanks; A liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device, wherein the liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device is connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank; A first data acquisition device array, wherein the first data acquisition device array includes a plurality of data acquisition units, wherein the data acquisition unit uses at least one of a concentration sensor, a first temperature sensor, and a first humidity sensor, and the plurality of data acquisition units are respectively distributed in front of the liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device, and the distribution law of the data acquisition units satisfies a sub-response surface function Z, wherein the sub-response surface function Z is: z=z0+ax+by+cx 2 +dy 2 +fxy Where Z0 is the height of the data acquisition unit from the xy horizontal plane, a, b, c, d and f are the secondary response surface coefficients, and the fitting values ​​are a=9.37*10^(-17), b=1.17, c=-0.07, d=0.02, and f=-5.22*10^(-18), respectively.

2. A liquid hydrogen leakage and diffusion simulation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid hydrogen storage tank is also provided with a first pressure gauge, a first safety valve, a first liquid level meter, a liquid hydrogen temperature sensor, and a liquid discharge control valve.

3. A liquid hydrogen leakage and diffusion simulation test system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It also includes an image acquisition device, which includes an infrared thermal imager and an explosion-proof camera.

4. A liquid hydrogen leakage and diffusion simulation test system according to claim 3, characterized in that: Also includes: A hot and humid climate wind tunnel test bench, wherein the liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device and the first data acquisition device array are arranged in the hot and humid climate wind tunnel test bench.

5. A liquid hydrogen leakage and diffusion simulation test system according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes: A second data acquisition array, wherein the second data acquisition array is arranged behind the liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device, and the second data acquisition array comprises a second data acquisition unit, and the second data acquisition unit comprises at least one of a second temperature sensor, a second humidity sensor and an anemometer.

6. A liquid hydrogen leakage and diffusion simulation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: An obstacle is arranged between the liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device and the first data acquisition device array.

7. A liquid hydrogen leakage and diffusion simulation test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes: a transmission pipeline, a heat exchanger and a liquid storage tank, one end of the transmission pipeline is connected to the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the other end is connected to the liquid hydrogen leakage port simulation device, the heat exchanger is arranged on the transmission pipeline, and the heat exchanger is connected to the liquid storage tank.

8. A liquid hydrogen leakage and diffusion simulation test system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The liquid storage tank is also provided with a second pressure gauge, a second safety valve, a second liquid level meter, and a liquid temperature sensor.

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