A special photoelectric composite cable used in extremely cold weather

Abstract

The present invention provides a special optoelectronic composite cable for use in extremely cold weather, belonging to the technical field of optoelectronic composite cable preparation; it comprises a cable core, a water-blocking layer, a cold-resistant reinforcement layer, and a cold-resistant sheath layer. The present invention effectively prevents moisture intrusion through the water-blocking layer, the cold-resistant reinforcement layer provides additional mechanical strength, and the cold-resistant sheath layer fully protects the internal structure of the optoelectronic composite cable. This multi-level and multi-functional structural design enables the optoelectronic composite cable in extremely cold weather to better meet the complex use requirements in extremely cold environments, and provides a reliable solution for communications and energy transmission in cold areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of photoelectric composite cable preparation, and in particular to a special photoelectric composite cable used in extremely cold weather. Background Art

[0002] With the development of the global economy and the growing demand for energy and information transmission, optoelectronic composite cables, as an efficient transmission medium that can transmit both power and optical signals, have been widely used in many fields. For example, in smart grids, optoelectronic composite cables can realize the distribution of electricity while transmitting monitoring and control signals to optimize the operation and management of the power grid; in marine engineering, they provide power supply for offshore facilities and ensure high-speed and stable data transmission. However, in some special geographical environments and extreme climatic conditions, such as polar regions, high-altitude cold mountainous areas, and cold winters in northern regions, conventional optoelectronic composite cables face many severe challenges, which has prompted an urgent need for the development of special optoelectronic composite cables suitable for extremely cold weather.

[0003] In extremely cold environments, low temperatures can make the sheath materials of conventional optoelectronic composite cables stiff, lose elasticity, and even become brittle. This makes it very easy for the optoelectronic composite cables to crack and break when subjected to external forces, such as wind and snow, ice impact, or bending and stretching during installation, thereby destroying the overall structural integrity of the optoelectronic composite cables and seriously affecting the service life and safety of the optoelectronic composite cables. In addition, cold environments are often accompanied by high humidity and condensation and freezing of water vapor. When water vapor invades the interior of the optoelectronic composite cable, it will freeze at low temperatures. The volume expansion of the ice may produce extrusion stress on the various components inside the optoelectronic composite cable, causing deformation of the conductor, damage to the insulation layer, displacement or breakage of the optical fiber, and other problems, further damaging the transmission performance and structural stability of the optoelectronic composite cable.

[0004] Therefore, we proposed a special optoelectronic composite cable for use in extremely cold weather to meet the growing demand for energy and information transmission in cold regions. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a special optoelectronic composite cable for use in extremely cold weather.

[0006] A special optical-electric composite cable used in extremely cold weather, consisting of:

[0007] A cable core, wherein the cable core comprises a cable assembly and an optical fiber assembly, wherein the cable assembly comprises a wire, wherein the wire comprises a conductor and an insulating layer coated on the outside of the conductor; wherein the optical fiber assembly is a plurality of optical fiber units, wherein the optical fiber units comprise an optical fiber and a protective tube coated on the outside of the optical fiber;

[0008] A water-blocking layer, wherein the water-blocking layer is formed by spinning and solidifying a water-blocking layer mixed solution and is coated on the outside of the cable core;

[0009] A cold-resistant reinforcement layer, wherein the cold-resistant reinforcement layer is woven with aramid fibers and wrapped around the outer side of the water-blocking layer;

[0010] A cold-resistant sheath layer, wherein the cold-resistant sheath layer is formed by heating and extruding a cold-resistant slurry added with a cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer, and the cold-resistant sheath layer is coated on the outside of the cold-resistant reinforcement layer;

[0011] The preparation method thereof comprises:

[0012] S1: preparing a water-blocking layer mixed solution, mixing a precursor solution with a spinning solution and then adding montmorillonite to prepare a water-blocking layer mixed solution;

[0013] The specific steps include:

[0014] S1.1: Add 30-40 parts by weight of acrylamide, 10-20 parts by weight of dimethylpropyl sulfonamide ethyl methacrylate, 1-2 parts by weight of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and 1-2 parts by weight of photoinitiator 2959 to 100-120 parts by weight of deionized water, and then add 5-8 parts by weight of K-carrageenan, heat to 70-72°C under light-shielding conditions, and stir and mix for 10-20 minutes to obtain a precursor solution;

[0015] S1.2: 30-40 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylformamide and 40-50 parts by weight of butyl acetate are mixed, and then 10-12 parts by weight of polyurethane particles are added, and then the mixture is stirred and mixed at 28-30°C, and then 3-5 parts by weight of 4,4'-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) and 2-3 parts by weight of catalyst triethylamine are added, and then the mixture is stirred in an oil bath at 60-62°C for 3-5h, and finally 5-8 parts by weight of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is added and stirred to obtain a spinning solution;

[0016] S1.3: Under light-shielding conditions, 20-30 parts by weight of the spinning solution and 10-20 parts by weight of the precursor solution are mixed, and then 3-5 parts by weight of montmorillonite are added, and the mixture is stirred at 400-500 r / min for 20-30 min to obtain a water-blocking layer mixture;

[0017] S2: Preparation of cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer, using branched polytetramethylene glycol and polyether modified silicone surfactant as cold-resistant modifiers to modify and prepare cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer;

[0018] S3: preparing a cold-resistant slurry, mixing modified natural rubber, modified nano-silicon dioxide, a barium zinc heat stabilizer, a polyvinyl chloride resin, a plasticizer and a cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer to prepare a cold-resistant slurry;

[0019] S4: Preparation of optoelectronic composite cables.

[0020] Further, S2: preparation of cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer specifically comprises the following steps:

[0021] S2.1: vacuum dehydrating branched polytetrahydrofuran diol having a molecular weight of 2000 at 110-115° C. for 1-2 h to obtain dehydrated branched polytetrahydrofuran diol, and mixing 1-2 parts by weight of a polyether-modified silicone surfactant and 1-2 parts by weight of the dehydrated branched polytetrahydrofuran diol to obtain a cold-resistant modifier;

[0022] S2.2: adding 40-43 parts by weight of polytetrahydrofuran diol having a molecular weight of 2000-3000 to 23-25 ​​parts by weight of 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and then adding a cold-resistant modifier, and then reacting at 80-85°C for 1-2h to obtain reaction component I;

[0023] S2.3: vacuum dehydrating polyoxypropylene triol with a molecular weight of 3000 at 110-115° C. for 1-2 hours to obtain dehydrated polyoxypropylene triol, and stirring and mixing 4-5 parts by weight of 1,4-butanediol and 20-22 parts by weight of dehydrated polyoxypropylene triol for 20-30 minutes to obtain reaction component II;

[0024] S2.4: Mix reaction component I and reaction component II and stir for 1-2 minutes, then place under vacuum for degassing for 5-8 minutes, and finally pour the mixture into a flat mold preheated to 100-110℃. After leveling, pressurize and vulcanize for 20-30 minutes, and then vulcanize in an oven at 100-120℃ for 10-12h to obtain a cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer.

[0025] Further, S3: preparation of cold-resistant slurry specifically comprises the following steps:

[0026] S3.1: Add 2-3 parts by weight of nano-silica into a reaction kettle, stir at 100-200 r / min, add 2-3wt% of silane coupling agent KH560 during stirring, then continue stirring and react at 110-120°C for 50-60 minutes, and cool to room temperature to obtain modified nano-silica;

[0027] S3.2: Place 10-12 parts by weight of modified natural rubber NR-541 in a vacuum oven at room temperature and dry for 10-12 hours. Then, stir and mix the modified natural rubber NR-541, 2.5-3 parts by weight of barium zinc heat stabilizer, 60-70 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride resin, 10-20 parts by weight of diisodecyl phthalate, 5-8 parts by weight of dioctyl diacid, 2-3 parts by weight of modified nano-silica and 40-50 parts by weight of cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer for 2-3 hours to obtain a cold-resistant slurry.

[0028] Further, S4: preparation of the optoelectronic composite cable specifically comprises the following steps:

[0029] S4.1: at 26-28°C, the water-blocking layer mixture is loaded into a spinning syringe with a pinhole of 18G, the continuous high voltage is 25-28kV, the spinning rate is 2-3mL / h, the spinning time is 3-4h, the spinning distance is adjusted to 20-23cm from the cable core, and spinning is performed, and then irradiated under 365nm ultraviolet light for 3-4h to obtain a water-blocking layer, which is coated on the outside of the cable core;

[0030] S4.2: Using a braiding machine to braid the aramid fiber at a braiding speed of 20-30 r / min and a braiding angle of 55-58° to obtain a cold-resistant reinforcement layer, wherein the cold-resistant reinforcement layer is coated on the outside of the water-blocking layer;

[0031] S4.3: melt-extrude the cold-resistant slurry at 150-160° C. and 15-20 MPa to obtain a cold-resistant sheath layer, and coat the cold-resistant sheath layer on the outside of the cold-resistant reinforcement layer to prepare a photoelectric composite cable.

[0032] Furthermore, the conductor is a silver-plated copper-clad steel wire.

[0033] Furthermore, the insulating layer is a HDPE layer.

[0034] Furthermore, the protection tube is a stainless steel tube.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. The present invention effectively prevents moisture intrusion through the water-blocking layer, the cold-resistant reinforcement layer provides additional mechanical strength, and the cold-resistant sheath layer fully protects the internal structure of the optoelectronic composite cable to improve its cold resistance. This multi-level and multi-functional structural design enables the optoelectronic composite cable in extremely cold weather to better meet the complex usage requirements in extremely cold environments, and can provide a reliable solution for communications and energy transmission in cold areas.

[0037] 2. The hydrophobic groups in the molecular structure of the polyurethane in the present invention can reduce the affinity of the material for water. In the water-blocking layer, the fibers formed by the polyurethane are intertwined, which increases the difficulty of the path for water to pass through, making it difficult for water to diffuse inside the material. In addition, the polyurethane particles are modified by introducing 4,4'-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) to prepare the spinning solution. The -NCO in 4,4'-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) will combine with the -NH at the end of the polyurethane hard segment chain, resulting in mutual entanglement between the molecular chains in the spinning solution, while reducing the hydrophilic groups in the water-blocking layer. The water-blocking layer exhibits excellent hydrophobic properties. At the same time, after UV curing, the photoinitiator can initiate the cross-linking of monomers such as acrylamide and ethyl methacrylate dimethylpropylsulfonamide in N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide to form a three-dimensional network structure of hydrogel, which can cooperate with the fiber structure formed by polyurethane to make the gaps between its molecular chains very small, thereby improving the density of the water-blocking layer and making it difficult for water molecules to pass through, thereby effectively preventing water penetration. In addition, the hydrogel will also absorb water and swell, making the water-blocking layer denser, avoiding the diffusion of water, and improving the water-blocking ability.

[0038] 3. The present invention also adds montmorillonite, which has a flaky crystal structure. After being uniformly dispersed in the water-blocking layer mixture, these lamellae can be superimposed on each other and arranged in an interlaced manner to form a structure similar to a "brick wall". When water molecules pass through, they need to bypass these lamellae, which greatly increases the water penetration path and resistance, thereby playing a water-blocking role. The addition of montmorillonite can fill the tiny gaps in the polymer network structure, making the structure of the water-blocking layer more compact, further reducing the channels through which water molecules can pass, and improving the water-blocking performance. At the same time, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is also added. 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane will interact with the polyurethane and montmorillonite in the solution, and promote 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to form a hydrophobic film on the surface of the fiber and the three-dimensional network structure, which can effectively block the contact between water molecules and fibers, so that water forms water droplets on the surface of the material and rolls off, and cannot penetrate into the interior of the material.

[0039] 4. The present invention adopts branched polytetrahydrofuran diol and polyether-modified organosilicon surfactant as cold-resistant modifiers. The polyether-modified organosilicon surfactant can improve the low-temperature flexibility and surface properties of the material. The branched polytetrahydrofuran diol is also conducive to improving the impact resistance of the material at low temperatures, reducing the possibility of the material becoming brittle under extremely cold conditions, so that the polyurethane elastomer prepared by it has good mechanical properties and cold-resistant performance, can withstand the low temperature and external force impact in extremely cold areas, and effectively protects the internal structure of the optoelectronic composite cable. The modified nano-silicon dioxide is added to the slurry to improve the strength, wear resistance and weather resistance of the cold-resistant slurry. Under extremely cold conditions, it can reduce The surface damage of the sheath layer caused by ice and snow friction, wind and sun exposure and other factors can be reduced, and the service life of the optoelectronic composite cable can be extended. The added modified natural rubber NR-541 can complement the cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer. When the sheath layer is stretched or torn by external force, the high strength of the cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer can withstand greater stress and prevent the overall rupture of the material, while the elastic recovery ability of the modified natural rubber NR-541 helps the material to return to its original state after being subjected to force and reduce permanent deformation. This synergistic effect significantly improves the tensile strength of the sheath layer prepared with cold-resistant slurry, so that it can better resist mechanical external forces such as strong wind pulling, ice and snow accumulation and other mechanical forces that may be encountered in extremely cold environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the invention and to enable those skilled in the relevant art to make and use the invention;

[0041] Figure 1 A flow chart for preparing a special optoelectronic composite cable for use in extremely cold weather adopted in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a special optoelectronic composite cable used in extremely cold weather adopted in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Description of the accompanying drawings: 1. Cable core; 2. Water-blocking layer; 3. Cold-resistant reinforcement layer; 4. Cold-resistant sheath layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following is a detailed description of a special optoelectronic composite cable for use in extremely cold weather provided by the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. At the same time, it is explained here that in order to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art may also adopt other alternatives to implement some known technologies; and the accompanying drawings are only for a more specific description of the embodiments, and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] A special optical-electric composite cable used in extremely cold weather, such as Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0047] S1: Preparation of water-blocking layer mixture

[0048] S1.1: 30 parts by weight of acrylamide, 10 parts by weight of dimethylpropyl sulfonamide ethyl methacrylate, 1 part by weight of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and 1 part by weight of photoinitiator 2959 are added to 100 parts by weight of deionized water, and then 5-8 parts by weight of K-carrageenan are added, heated to 70°C under light-shielding conditions, and stirred for 10 minutes to obtain a precursor solution;

[0049] S1.2: 30 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylformamide and 40 parts by weight of butyl acetate were mixed, and then 10 parts by weight of polyurethane particles were added, and then the mixture was stirred and mixed at 28°C, and then 3 parts by weight of 4,4'-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) and 2 parts by weight of catalyst triethylamine were added, and then the mixture was stirred in an oil bath at 60°C for 3h, and finally 5 parts by weight of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added and stirred to obtain a spinning solution;

[0050] S1.3: Under light-shielding conditions, 20 parts by weight of the spinning solution and 10 parts by weight of the precursor solution were mixed, and then 3 parts by weight of montmorillonite were added, and the mixture was stirred at 400 r / min for 20 min to obtain a water-blocking layer mixture;

[0051] S2: Preparation of cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer

[0052] S2.1: vacuum dehydrating branched polytetrahydrofuran diol having a molecular weight of 2000 at 110° C. for -2 h to obtain dehydrated branched polytetrahydrofuran diol, and mixing 1 part by weight of a polyether-modified silicone surfactant and 1 part by weight of the dehydrated branched polytetrahydrofuran diol to obtain a cold-resistant modifier;

[0053] S2.2: adding 40 parts by weight of polytetrahydrofuran diol having a molecular weight of 2000 to 23 parts by weight of 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and then adding a cold-resistant modifier, and then reacting at 80°C for 1 hour to obtain reaction component I;

[0054] S2.3: vacuum dehydrating polyoxypropylene triol with a molecular weight of 3000 at 110° C. for 1 h to obtain dehydrated polyoxypropylene triol, and stirring and mixing 4 parts by weight of 1,4-butanediol and 20 parts by weight of dehydrated polyoxypropylene triol for 20 min to obtain reaction component II;

[0055] S2.4: Mix reaction component I and reaction component II and stir for 1 minute, then place under vacuum for degassing for 5 minutes, and finally pour the mixture into a flat plate mold preheated at 100°C. After leveling, pressurize and vulcanize for 20 minutes, and then vulcanize in an oven at 100°C for 10 hours to obtain a cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer;

[0056] S3: Preparation of cold-resistant slurry

[0057] S3.1: 2 parts by weight of nano-silica was added to a reaction kettle, stirred at 100 r / min, 2 wt% of silane coupling agent KH560 was added during the stirring process, and then the reaction was continued at 110° C. with stirring for 50 min, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain modified nano-silica;

[0058] S3.2: 10 parts by weight of modified natural rubber NR-541 are placed in a vacuum oven at room temperature for drying for 10 hours, and then the modified natural rubber NR-541, 2.5 parts by weight of barium zinc heat stabilizer, 60 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride resin, 10 parts by weight of diisodecyl phthalate, 5 parts by weight of dioctyl diacid, 2 parts by weight of modified nano-silica and 40 parts by weight of cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer are stirred and mixed for 2 hours to obtain a cold-resistant slurry;

[0059] S4: Preparation of Optoelectronic Composite Cable

[0060] S4.1: at 26°C, the water-blocking layer mixture is loaded into a spinning syringe with a pinhole of 18G, the continuous high voltage is 25 kV, the spinning rate is 2 mL / h, the spinning time is 3 h, the spinning distance is adjusted to 20 cm from the cable core, and spinning is performed, and then irradiated under 365 nm ultraviolet light for 3 h to obtain a water-blocking layer 2, which is coated on the outside of the cable core 1;

[0061] S4.2: using a braiding machine to braid the aramid fiber at a braiding speed of 20 r / min and a braiding angle of 55° to obtain a cold-resistant reinforcement layer 3, wherein the cold-resistant reinforcement layer 3 is coated on the outer side of the water-blocking layer 2;

[0062] S4.3: The cold-resistant slurry is melt-extruded at 150° C. and 15 MPa to obtain a cold-resistant sheath layer 4, and the cold-resistant sheath layer 4 is coated on the outside of the cold-resistant reinforcement layer 3 to prepare a photovoltaic composite cable.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] A special optical-electric composite cable used in extremely cold weather, such as Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0065] S1: Preparation of water-blocking layer mixture

[0066] S1.1: 30 parts by weight of acrylamide, 10 parts by weight of dimethylpropyl sulfonamide ethyl methacrylate, 1 part by weight of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and 1 part by weight of photoinitiator 2959 were added to 100 parts by weight of deionized water, and then 5 parts by weight of K-carrageenan were added. The mixture was heated to 72° C. under light-shielding conditions, and stirred for 20 minutes to obtain a precursor solution.

[0067] S1.2: 30 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylformamide and 40 parts by weight of butyl acetate were mixed, and then 10 parts by weight of polyurethane particles were added, and then the mixture was stirred and mixed at 30°C, and then 3 parts by weight of 4,4'-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) and 2 parts by weight of catalyst triethylamine were added, and then the mixture was stirred in an oil bath at 62°C for 5 hours, and finally 5 parts by weight of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added and stirred to obtain a spinning solution;

[0068] S1.3: Under light-shielding conditions, 20 parts by weight of the spinning solution and 10 parts by weight of the precursor solution were mixed, and then 3 parts by weight of montmorillonite were added, and the mixture was stirred at 500 r / min for 30 min to obtain a water-blocking layer mixture;

[0069] S2: Preparation of cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer

[0070] S2.1: vacuum dehydrating branched polytetrahydrofuran diol having a molecular weight of 2000 at 115° C. for 2 h to obtain dehydrated branched polytetrahydrofuran diol, and mixing 1 part by weight of a polyether-modified silicone surfactant and 1 part by weight of the dehydrated branched polytetrahydrofuran diol to obtain a cold-resistant modifier;

[0071] S2.2: Add 40 parts by weight of polytetrahydrofuran diol having a molecular weight of 2000 to 23 parts by weight of 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and then add a cold-resistant modifier, and then react at 85°C for 2h to obtain reaction component I;

[0072] S2.3: vacuum dehydrating polyoxypropylene triol with a molecular weight of 3000 at 115° C. for 2 h to obtain dehydrated polyoxypropylene triol, and stirring and mixing 4 parts by weight of 1,4-butanediol and 20 parts by weight of dehydrated polyoxypropylene triol for 30 min to obtain reaction component II;

[0073] S2.4: Mix reaction component I and reaction component II for 2 minutes, then place under vacuum for 8 minutes for degassing, and finally pour the mixture into a flat plate mold preheated at 110°C. After leveling, press vulcanize for 30 minutes, and then vulcanize in an oven at 120°C for 12 hours to obtain a cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer;

[0074] S3: Preparation of cold-resistant slurry

[0075] S3.1: 2 parts by weight of nano-silica was added to a reaction kettle, stirred at 200 r / min, 2 wt% of silane coupling agent KH560 was added during the stirring process, and then the reaction was continued at 120° C. with stirring for 60 min, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain modified nano-silica;

[0076] S3.2: 10 parts by weight of modified natural rubber NR-541 are placed in a vacuum oven at room temperature for drying for 12 hours, and then the modified natural rubber NR-541, 2.5 parts by weight of barium zinc heat stabilizer, 60 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride resin, 10 parts by weight of diisodecyl phthalate, 5 parts by weight of dioctyl diacid, 2 parts by weight of modified nano-silica and 40 parts by weight of cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer are stirred and mixed for 3 hours to obtain a cold-resistant slurry;

[0077] S4: Preparation of Optoelectronic Composite Cable

[0078] S4.1: At 28°C, the water-blocking layer mixture is loaded into a spinning syringe with a pinhole of 18G, the continuous high voltage is 28 kV, the spinning rate is 3 mL / h, the spinning time is 4 h, the spinning distance is adjusted to 23 cm from the cable core, and spinning is performed, and then irradiated under 365 nm ultraviolet light for 4 h to obtain a water-blocking layer 2, which is coated on the outside of the cable core 1;

[0079] S4.2: using a braiding machine to braid the aramid fiber at a braiding speed of 30 r / min and a braiding angle of 58° to obtain a cold-resistant reinforcement layer 3, wherein the cold-resistant reinforcement layer 3 is coated on the outer side of the water-blocking layer 2;

[0080] S4.3: The cold-resistant slurry is melt-extruded at 160° C. and 20 MPa to obtain a cold-resistant sheath layer 4, and the cold-resistant sheath layer 4 is coated on the outside of the cold-resistant reinforcement layer 3 to prepare a photovoltaic composite cable.

[0081] Example 3

[0082] A special optical-electric composite cable used in extremely cold weather, such as Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0083] S1: Preparation of a water-blocking layer mixture, S1.1: Add 40 parts by weight of acrylamide, 20 parts by weight of dimethylpropyl sulfonamide ethyl methacrylate, 2 parts by weight of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and 2 parts by weight of photoinitiator 2959 to 120 parts by weight of deionized water, and then add 8 parts by weight of K-carrageenan, heat to 70°C under light-shielding conditions, and stir and mix for 10 minutes to obtain a precursor solution;

[0084] S1.2: 40 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylformamide and 50 parts by weight of butyl acetate were mixed, and then 12 parts by weight of polyurethane particles were added, and then the mixture was stirred and mixed at 28°C, and then 5 parts by weight of 4,4'-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) and 3 parts by weight of catalyst triethylamine were added, and then the mixture was stirred in an oil bath at 60°C for 3h, and finally 8 parts by weight of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was added and stirred to obtain a spinning solution;

[0085] S1.3: Under light-shielding conditions, 30 parts by weight of the spinning solution and 20 parts by weight of the precursor solution were mixed, and then 5 parts by weight of montmorillonite was added, and the mixture was stirred at 400 r / min for 20 min to obtain a water-blocking layer mixture;

[0086] S2: Preparation of cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer, S2.1: vacuum dehydrate branched polytetrahydrofuran diol with a molecular weight of 2000 at 110°C for 1 hour to obtain dehydrated branched polytetrahydrofuran diol, mix and stir 2 parts by weight of polyether-modified silicone surfactant and 2 parts by weight of dehydrated branched polytetrahydrofuran diol to obtain a cold-resistant modifier; S2.2: add 43 parts by weight of polytetrahydrofuran diol with a molecular weight of 3000 to 25 parts by weight of 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, then add the cold-resistant modifier, and then react at 80°C for 1 hour to obtain reaction component I; S2 .3: vacuum dehydrate polyoxypropylene triol with a molecular weight of 3000 at 110°C for 1 hour to obtain dehydrated polyoxypropylene triol, stir and mix 5 parts by weight of 1,4-butanediol and 22 parts by weight of dehydrated polyoxypropylene triol for 20 minutes to obtain reaction component II; S2.4: mix reaction component I and reaction component II for 1 minute, then place under vacuum for 5 minutes for degassing, and finally pour the mixture into a flat plate mold preheated at 100°C, and after leveling, pressurize and vulcanize for 20 minutes, and then vulcanize in an oven at 100°C for 10 hours to obtain a cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer;

[0087] S3: Preparation of cold-resistant slurry, S3.1: Add 3 parts by weight of nano-silica into a reactor, stir at 100 r / min, add 3wt% of silane coupling agent KH560 during stirring, then continue stirring and react at 110°C for 50 minutes, and after cooling to room temperature, obtain modified nano-silica; S3.2: Place 12 parts by weight of modified natural rubber NR-541 in a vacuum oven for drying at room temperature for 10 hours, then stir and mix the modified natural rubber NR-541, 3 parts by weight of barium zinc heat stabilizer, 70 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride resin, 20 parts by weight of diisodecyl phthalate, 8 parts by weight of dioctyl diacid, 3 parts by weight of modified nano-silica and 50 parts by weight of cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer for 2 hours to obtain cold-resistant slurry;

[0088] S4: Preparation of optoelectronic composite cable, S4.1: At 26°C, the water-blocking layer mixture is loaded into a spinning syringe with a pinhole of 18G, the continuous high voltage is 25kV, the spinning rate is 2mL / h, the spinning time is 3h, the spinning distance is adjusted to 20cm from the cable core, spinning is carried out, and then irradiated under 365nm ultraviolet light for 3h to obtain a water-blocking layer 2, and the water-blocking layer 2 is coated on the outside of the cable core 1; S4.2: A braiding machine is used to weave aramid fiber at a weaving speed of 20r / min and a weaving angle of 55° to obtain a cold-resistant reinforcement layer 3, and the cold-resistant reinforcement layer 3 is coated on the outside of the water-blocking layer 2; S4.3: The cold-resistant slurry is melt-extruded at 150°C and 15MPa to obtain a cold-resistant sheath layer 4, and the cold-resistant sheath layer 4 is coated on the outside of the cold-resistant reinforcement layer 3 to prepare an optoelectronic composite cable.

[0089] Comparative Example 1, compared with Example 1, is different in that Comparative Example 1 removes step S1.1, the precursor solution in step S1.3 and the ultraviolet light irradiation in S4.1, and the other steps remain unchanged to prepare the optoelectronic composite cable, which is recorded as Comparative Example 1.

[0090] Comparative Example 2, compared with Example 1, is different in that Comparative Example 2 removes the spinning solution in step S1.2, step S1.3 and the spinning process in S4.1, and directly coats the water-blocking layer mixture evenly on the surface of the cable core 1, and then irradiates it under 365nm ultraviolet light for 3h. The other steps remain unchanged to prepare the optoelectronic composite cable, which is recorded as Comparative Example 2.

[0091] Comparative Example 3, compared with Example 1, is different in that, in Comparative Example 3, the montmorillonite in step S1.3 is removed, and the other steps remain unchanged to prepare the optoelectronic composite cable, which is recorded as Comparative Example 3.

[0092] Comparative Example 4, compared with Example 1, is different in that Comparative Example 4 removes step S2.1 and the cold-resistant modifier in S2.2, and the remaining steps remain unchanged to prepare the optoelectronic composite cable, which is recorded as Comparative Example 4.

[0093] Comparative Example 5, compared with Example 1, is different in that Comparative Example 5 removes step S2 and the cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer in S3.2, and the remaining steps remain unchanged to prepare the optoelectronic composite cable, which is recorded as Comparative Example 5.

[0094] Comparative Example 6, compared with Example 1, is different in that the modified natural rubber NR-541 in step S3.2 is removed in Comparative Example 6, and the other steps remain unchanged to prepare the optoelectronic composite cable, which is recorded as Comparative Example 6.

[0095] The optoelectronic composite cables prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were sealed at both ends, and the sealed optoelectronic composite cables were completely immersed in a container filled with 0-1°C water. After soaking for 10 hours, the optoelectronic composite cables were taken out, and the cable core 1 was checked for water stains, water droplets and other penetration phenomena. Dry absorbent paper was used to check whether the cable core 1 was brought out with moisture. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0096] Table 1. Water blocking test results of the optoelectronic composite cables of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3.

[0097]

[0098] It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that the embodiment has excellent water-blocking properties, indicating that the water-blocking layer 2 can effectively prevent water intrusion. It can be seen from the data in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 that the three-dimensional network structure of the hydrogel after UV curing can complement the fiber structure formed by the polyurethane, thereby improving the density of the water-blocking layer 2, making it difficult for water molecules to pass through, thereby effectively preventing water penetration. It can be seen from the data in Comparative Example 3 that adding montmorillonite to the water-blocking layer mixture improves the water-blocking properties.

[0099] Taking the tensile strength of the optoelectronic composite cable at 25°C as a benchmark, the tensile strength is then tested under low temperature conditions. Once the change in tensile strength reaches 10%, the temperature at this time is the low temperature deformation temperature (°C).

[0100] The low-temperature deformation temperature of the optoelectronic composite cables prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 4-6 was measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 2.

[0101] Table 2. Results of low temperature deformation temperature measurement of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 4-6

[0102]

[0103] It can be seen from the data in Table 2 that the low-temperature deformation temperature of the optoelectronic composite cable prepared in the embodiment is minus 67-minus 68°C, and it has excellent cold resistance and is suitable for extremely cold weather. It can be seen from the data in Comparative Example 4 that the modified polyurethane elastomer has both good mechanical properties and cold resistance. It can be seen from the data in Comparative Examples 5 and 6 that the added modified natural rubber NR-541 can complement the cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer, and the two produce a synergistic effect, which improves the ability of the optoelectronic composite cable to resist mechanical external forces such as strong wind pulling, ice and snow accumulation in extremely cold environments.

[0104] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed by the present invention shall still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A special optoelectronic composite cable used in extremely cold weather, characterized in that: It is composed of: A cable core, wherein the cable core comprises a cable assembly and an optical fiber assembly, wherein the cable assembly comprises a wire, wherein the wire comprises a conductor and an insulating layer coated on the outside of the conductor; wherein the optical fiber assembly is a plurality of optical fiber units, wherein the optical fiber units comprise an optical fiber and a protective tube coated on the outside of the optical fiber; A water-blocking layer, wherein the water-blocking layer is formed by spinning and solidifying a water-blocking layer mixed solution and is coated on the outside of the cable core; A cold-resistant reinforcement layer, wherein the cold-resistant reinforcement layer is woven with aramid fibers and wrapped around the outer side of the water-blocking layer; A cold-resistant sheath layer, wherein the cold-resistant sheath layer is formed by heating and extruding a cold-resistant slurry added with a cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer, and the cold-resistant sheath layer is coated on the outside of the cold-resistant reinforcement layer; The preparation method thereof comprises: S1: preparing a water-blocking layer mixed solution, mixing a precursor solution with a spinning solution and then adding montmorillonite to prepare a water-blocking layer mixed solution; The specific steps include: S1.1: Add 30-40 parts by weight of acrylamide, 10-20 parts by weight of dimethylpropyl sulfonamide ethyl methacrylate, 1-2 parts by weight of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and 1-2 parts by weight of photoinitiator 2959 to 100-120 parts by weight of deionized water, and then add 5-8 parts by weight of K-carrageenan, heat to 70-72°C under light-shielding conditions, and stir and mix for 10-20 minutes to obtain a precursor solution; S1.2: 30-40 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylformamide and 40-50 parts by weight of butyl acetate are mixed, and then 10-12 parts by weight of polyurethane particles are added, and then the mixture is stirred and mixed at 28-30°C, and then 3-5 parts by weight of 4,4'-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) and 2-3 parts by weight of catalyst triethylamine are added, and then the mixture is stirred in an oil bath at 60-62°C for 3-5h, and finally 5-8 parts by weight of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is added and stirred to obtain a spinning solution; S1.3: Under light-shielding conditions, 20-30 parts by weight of the spinning solution and 10-20 parts by weight of the precursor solution are mixed, and then 3-5 parts by weight of montmorillonite are added, and the mixture is stirred at 400-500 r / min for 20-30 min to obtain a water-blocking layer mixture; S2: Preparation of cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer, using branched polytetramethylene glycol and polyether modified silicone surfactant as cold-resistant modifiers to modify and prepare cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer; S3: preparing a cold-resistant slurry, mixing modified natural rubber, modified nano-silicon dioxide, a barium zinc heat stabilizer, a polyvinyl chloride resin, a plasticizer and a cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer to prepare a cold-resistant slurry; S4: Preparation of optoelectronic composite cables.

2. The special optoelectronic composite cable for use in extremely cold weather according to claim 1, characterized in that: S2: Preparation of cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer, specifically comprising the following steps: S2.1: vacuum dehydrating branched polytetrahydrofuran diol having a molecular weight of 2000 at 110-115° C. for 1-2 h to obtain dehydrated branched polytetrahydrofuran diol, and mixing 1-2 parts by weight of a polyether-modified silicone surfactant and 1-2 parts by weight of the dehydrated branched polytetrahydrofuran diol to obtain a cold-resistant modifier; S2.2: adding 40-43 parts by weight of polytetrahydrofuran diol having a molecular weight of 2000-3000 to 23-25 ​​parts by weight of 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and then adding a cold-resistant modifier, and then reacting at 80-85°C for 1-2h to obtain reaction component I; S2.3: vacuum dehydrating polyoxypropylene triol with a molecular weight of 3000 at 110-115° C. for 1-2 hours to obtain dehydrated polyoxypropylene triol, and stirring and mixing 4-5 parts by weight of 1,4-butanediol and 20-22 parts by weight of dehydrated polyoxypropylene triol for 20-30 minutes to obtain reaction component II; S2.4: Mix reaction component I and reaction component II and stir for 1-2 minutes, then place under vacuum for degassing for 5-8 minutes, and finally pour the mixture into a flat mold preheated to 100-110℃. After leveling, pressurize and vulcanize for 20-30 minutes, and then vulcanize in an oven at 100-120℃ for 10-12h to obtain a cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer.

3. The special optoelectronic composite cable for use in extremely cold weather according to claim 2, characterized in that: S3: Preparation of cold-resistant slurry, specifically including the following steps: S3.1: Add 2-3 parts by weight of nano-silica into a reaction kettle, stir at 100-200 r / min, add 2-3wt% of silane coupling agent KH560 during stirring, then continue stirring and react at 110-120°C for 50-60 minutes, and cool to room temperature to obtain modified nano-silica; S3.2: Place 10-12 parts by weight of modified natural rubber NR-541 in a vacuum oven at room temperature and dry for 10-12 hours. Then, stir and mix the modified natural rubber NR-541, 2.5-3 parts by weight of barium zinc heat stabilizer, 60-70 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride resin, 10-20 parts by weight of diisodecyl phthalate, 5-8 parts by weight of dioctyl diacid, 2-3 parts by weight of modified nano-silica and 40-50 parts by weight of cold-resistant polyurethane elastomer for 2-3 hours to obtain a cold-resistant slurry.

4. The special optoelectronic composite cable for use in extremely cold weather according to claim 3, characterized in that: S4: Preparation of the optoelectronic composite cable, specifically comprising the following steps: S4.1: at 26-28°C, the water-blocking layer mixture is loaded into a spinning syringe with a pinhole of 18G, the continuous high voltage is 25-28kV, the spinning rate is 2-3mL / h, the spinning time is 3-4h, the spinning distance is adjusted to 20-23cm from the cable core, and spinning is performed, and then irradiated under 365nm ultraviolet light for 3-4h to obtain a water-blocking layer, which is coated on the outside of the cable core; S4.2: Using a braiding machine to braid the aramid fiber at a braiding speed of 20-30 r / min and a braiding angle of 55-58° to obtain a cold-resistant reinforcement layer, wherein the cold-resistant reinforcement layer is coated on the outside of the water-blocking layer; S4.3: melt-extrude the cold-resistant slurry at 150-160° C. and 15-20 MPa to obtain a cold-resistant sheath layer, and coat the cold-resistant sheath layer on the outside of the cold-resistant reinforcement layer to prepare a photoelectric composite cable.

5. The special optoelectronic composite cable for use in extremely cold weather according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductor is a silver-plated copper-clad steel wire.

6. The special optoelectronic composite cable for use in extremely cold weather according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulating layer is a HDPE layer.

7. The special optoelectronic composite cable for use in extremely cold weather according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection tube is a stainless steel tube.

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