LSQb steganography method based on differential steganography

Abstract

The invention discloses an LSQb steganography method based on differential steganography, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the differential steganography of a secret image, and enlarging the obtained image; converting the obtained image and the cover image into a quantum image in an NEQR form, and embedding information of the secret image into a predetermined area of the cover image; the transmission image is sent to a receiving end through TCP / IP; extracting the lowest position of the gray value of each pixel of the image at a receiving end, and converting the extracted NEQR image into a classic form image; and finding out the embedded region from the obtained image, compressing the image extracted from the region into the size of a secret graph, and then carrying out accumulation processing on the obtained image to restore the secret image. According to the invention, the concealment of secret image transmission is improved, and the security and integrity of information are enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of quantum computing and image processing, and in particular relates to an LSQb steganography method based on differential steganography. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of computers and related information technologies, the means of stealing important information are also increasing. This not only endangers the national economy and national defense security, but also seriously interferes with the market order. Therefore, information security technology is developing into an important research direction in the field of information technology. Image steganography is a confidentiality technology that hides secret information on an unrelated carrier image and transmits the carrier through a public channel to transmit the secret information to avoid the attacker's review. At present, steganography is mainly based on a single method. However, as the attacker and defender continue to iterate the technology, a single confidentiality technology is easily broken by the attacker's continuous attempts at different methods, resulting in the leakage of key information.

[0003] Recently, due to the continuous deepening of the research on steganalysis based on deep learning, image steganography needs to enhance the quality of the stego image and enhance the robustness of the stego to enhance anti-detection. At present, the embedding-based steganography method is still the mainstream of image steganography. In order to improve the anti-steganography performance while embedding, different secret information encoding methods and processing models have been proposed successively to fit the characteristics of the carrier image or use the distortion generated during the image transmission process to deceive the detection model and realize the transmission of secret information.

[0004] However, the secret information applicable to the above-mentioned steganography methods rarely includes image information, and the applicable secret information is relatively simple and easy to be detected by the detection model. In addition, there is a lack of suitable transmission methods and they are easily disturbed by errors generated during transmission. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide an LSQb steganography method based on differential steganography, which improves the confidentiality of image information during transmission and enhances the security and integrity of information.

[0006] In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the present invention provides a LSQb steganography method based on differential steganography, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1, selecting a grayscale image of a certain size as a cover image and a secret image, wherein the cover image is larger than the secret image;

[0008] Step 2, performing differential steganography on the secret image, and then performing image enlargement;

[0009] Step 3, converting the enlarged secret image and the cover image into a quantum secret image and a quantum cover image in NEQR form, and embedding the information of the quantum secret image into a predetermined area of ​​the quantum cover image to obtain a stego-image;

[0010] Step 4: Send the stego image to the receiving end by using TCP / IP to restore the complete stego image;

[0011] Step 5, extracting the lowest bit of the gray value of each pixel of the receiving end image, and converting the extracted NEQR form image into a classic form image;

[0012] Step 6: Find the embedded predetermined area from the image in the classical form, compress the image extracted from the area, perform accumulation processing on it, and finally restore the secret image.

[0013] Furthermore, the grayscale image of a certain size in step 1 is 2 n ×2 n The cover image and 2 n-2 ×2 n-2 The secret image of , n is an integer.

[0014] Furthermore, the step 2 comprises the following steps:

[0015] 2-1. Differential steganography: The secret image is differentially steganographic, and the grayscale value of each pixel is:

[0016] Y'(:, j)=Y(:, j)-Y(:, j-1)+256, j∈[2, n-2 ];

[0017] Y′(i,1)=Y(i,1)-Y(i-1,1)+256, i∈[2, n-2 ];

[0018] Where i is the row number and j is the column number;

[0019] 2-2. Base conversion: After the secret image is encoded by the differential steganography, the grayscale value of each pixel is represented by a 9-bit binary number c8C7C6C5C4c3C2C1c0.

[0020] 2-3. Enlarge the image: extract each bit of the 9-bit grayscale value of each pixel from low to high, and the same bits are combined into an image of the same size as the secret image according to the relative position in the secret image. There are 9 images in total. Fill the 9 images into an image of the same size as the cover image and with each pixel grayscale value of 0 according to a certain rule without overlapping, to obtain the enlarged secret image, and the filled area is the coding area.

[0021] Furthermore, the step 3 comprises the following steps:

[0022] 3-1. Conversion form: Measure the size of the image to be converted, determine the number of quantum bits 2n that describe the image size, and use the quantum register to convert the classical image into a quantum image in NEQR form. The conversion result is:

[0023]

[0024] in The pixel grayscale information of the g-bit quantum bit encoding pixel, |i>=|y n- 1y n-2 …y0>|x n-1 x n-2 …x0> is the vertical and horizontal position information of the pixel encoded by n quantum bits respectively;

[0025] 3-2. Embedding information: Using a quantum comparator, compare the two lowest quantum bits of the grayscale value of the pixels of the quantum secret image with the two lowest quantum bits of the grayscale value of the pixels at the corresponding positions of the quantum cover image. If the comparison results are different, perform a unitary operation on the lowest quantum bits of the grayscale of the pixels of the quantum cover image to finally obtain a stego-image.

[0026] Further, the step 4 comprises the following steps:

[0027] 4-1. Establish a connection: Use the TCP / IP protocol to create a socket interface and establish a stable connection between the sender and the receiver;

[0028] 4-2. Data encapsulation: Segment the steganographic image data and encapsulate it into data packets suitable for network transmission, which contain partial image information and control information;

[0029] 4-3. Data transmission: sending the encapsulated data packet to the receiving end through the socket interface;

[0030] 4-4. Receiving confirmation: After receiving the data packet, the receiving end sends a confirmation message to the sending end to confirm that the data packet has been successfully received;

[0031] 4-5. Data reorganization: The receiving end reorganizes the received data packets according to the packet sequence numbers to restore them into a complete stego-image.

[0032] Furthermore, the step 5 is specifically as follows:

[0033] The lowest quantum bit of each pixel of the NEQR-form steganographic image is extracted to obtain a NEQR image of the same size. By measuring the quantum bits representing the pixel positions in the NEQR image, the grayscale values ​​corresponding to each pixel are determined one by one until the entire image is filled, and finally the classical image corresponding to the NEQR-form image is obtained.

[0034] Further, the step 6 comprises the following steps:

[0035] 6-1. Reorganize the image: extract the lowest binary bit of the grayscale of each pixel from the 9 coded areas of the image in the classical form, and superimpose them bit by bit to synthesize an image of the same size as the secret image, whose grayscale value is encoded by a 9-bit binary number;

[0036] 6-2. Accumulated restoration: Perform the following operation on the grayscale value of each pixel of the image obtained in step 6-1:

[0037] Y(i,1)=Y(i-1,1)+Y′(i,1)-256, i∈[2,2 n-2 ];

[0038] Y(:,j)=Y′(:,j)+Y(:,j-1)-256,j∈[2,2 n-2 ];

[0039] Where i is the row number and j is the column number; the restored secret image is finally obtained.

[0040] An electronic device comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the LSQb steganography method based on differential steganography is implemented.

[0041] A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to enable the computer to execute the above-mentioned LSQb steganography method based on differential steganography.

[0042] A computer program product includes computer program instructions. When the computer program instructions are executed on a computer, the computer is enabled to execute the above-mentioned LSQb steganography method based on differential steganography.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the significant improvements of the present invention are: (1) the present invention combines multiple steganographic methods and improves the encoding method of pixel values ​​in differential steganography, thereby reducing the range of least significant bit steganography of the cover image and reducing changes to the original image; (2) the present invention uses a quantum computer to embed the least significant bit, which does not affect the quality of the steganographic image generation and improves the computing efficiency.

[0044] In order to more clearly illustrate the functional characteristics and structural parameters of the present invention, further description is given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0046] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the steganographic system designed in the present invention,

[0047] Figure 2 It is the steganographic policy result diagram in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] Combination Figure 1 The present invention provides a LSQb steganography method based on differential steganography, comprising the following steps:

[0050] Step 1. Select the grayscale image as 2 n ×2 n The cover image and 2 n-2 ×2 n-2 A secret image of, n is an integer, as the cover image and the secret image, the cover image is larger than the secret image;

[0051] Step 2, performing differential steganography on the secret image, and then performing image enlargement;

[0052] 2-1. Differential steganography: The secret image is differentially steganographic, and the grayscale value of each pixel is:

[0053] Y'(:, j)=Y(:, j)-Y(:, j-1)+256, j∈[2, 2 n-2 ];

[0054] Y′(i,1)=Y(i,1)-Y(i-1,1)+256, i∈[2,2 n-2 ];

[0055] Where i is the row number and j is the column number;

[0056] 2-2. Base conversion: After the secret image is encoded by the differential steganography, the grayscale value of each pixel is represented by a 9-bit binary number: c8c7c6c5c4c3c2c1c0;

[0057] 2-3. Enlarge the image: extract each bit of the 9-bit grayscale value of each pixel from low to high, and the same bits are combined into an image of the same size as the secret image according to the relative position in the secret image. There are 9 images in total. Fill the 9 images into an image of the same size as the cover image and with each pixel grayscale value of 0 according to a certain rule without overlapping, to obtain the enlarged secret image, and the filled area is the coding area.

[0058] Step 3, converting the enlarged secret image and the cover image into a quantum secret image and a quantum cover image in NEWR format, and embedding the information of the quantum secret image into a predetermined area of ​​the quantum cover image to obtain a stego-image;

[0059] 3-1. Conversion form: Measure the size of the image to be converted, determine the number of quantum bits 2n that describe the image size, and use the quantum register to convert the classical image into a quantum image in NEWR form. The conversion result is:

[0060]

[0061] in The pixel grayscale information of the g-bit quantum bit encoding pixel, |i>=|y n- 1y n-2 …y0>|x n-1 x n-2 …x0> is the vertical and horizontal position information of the pixel encoded by n quantum bits respectively;

[0062] 3-2. Embedding information: Using a quantum comparator, compare the two lowest quantum bits of the grayscale value of the pixels of the quantum secret image with the two lowest quantum bits of the grayscale value of the pixels at the corresponding positions of the quantum cover image. If the comparison results are different, perform a unitary operation on the lowest quantum bits of the grayscale of the pixels of the quantum cover image to finally obtain a stego-image.

[0063] Step 4: Send the stego image to the receiving end by using TCP / IP to restore the complete stego image;

[0064] 4-1. Establish a connection: Use the TCP / IP protocol to create a socket interface and establish a stable connection between the sender and the receiver;

[0065] 4-2. Data encapsulation: Segment the steganographic image data and encapsulate it into data packets suitable for network transmission. Each data packet contains part of the image information and control information (including sequence number and integrity check);

[0066] 4-3. Data transmission: The encapsulated data packet is sent to the receiving end through the socket interface; the TCP protocol ensures reliable data transmission and can ensure accurate data delivery even in poor network conditions;

[0067] 4-4. Receiving confirmation: After receiving the data packet, the receiving end sends a confirmation message to the sending end to confirm that the data packet has been successfully received;

[0068] 4-5. Data reorganization: The receiving end reorganizes the received data packets according to the packet sequence numbers to restore them into a complete stego-image.

[0069] Step 5, extracting the lowest bit of the gray value of each pixel of the receiving end image, and converting the extracted NEQR form image into a classic form image;

[0070] The lowest quantum bit of each pixel of the NEQR-form steganographic image is extracted to obtain a NEQR image of the same size. By measuring the quantum bits representing the pixel positions in the NEQR image, the grayscale values ​​corresponding to each pixel are determined one by one until the entire image is filled, and finally the classical image corresponding to the NEQR-form image is obtained.

[0071] Step 6: Find the embedded predetermined area from the image in the classical form, compress the image extracted from the area, perform accumulation processing on it, and finally restore the secret image.

[0072] 6-1. Reorganize the image: extract the lowest binary bit of the grayscale of each pixel from the 9 coded areas of the image in the classical form, and superimpose them bit by bit to synthesize an image of the same size as the secret image, whose grayscale value is encoded by a 9-bit binary number;

[0073] 6-2. Accumulated restoration: Perform the following operation on the grayscale value of each pixel of the image obtained in step 6-1:

[0074] Y(i,1)=Y(i-1,1)+Y′(i,1)-256, i∈[2,2 n-2 ];

[0075] Y(:,j)=Y′(:,j)+Y(:,j-1)-256,j∈[2,2 n-2 ];

[0076] Finally, the restored secret image is obtained.

[0077] Example

[0078] An embodiment of the present invention is described in detail as follows. The simulation is programmed using MATLAB, and the parameter setting does not affect the generality. This embodiment verifies the effectiveness and convergence of the proposed steganography method. The scenario is:

[0079] The sender of the picture will Figure 2 The "Secret image" in is embedded in the cover image as secret information, that is, Figure 2 The "Cover image" is formed Figure 2 The “Stego image” in the image is sent to the receiving end via TCP / IP. The receiving end extracts the secret information in the “Stego image” and obtains Figure 2 Select “Extracted image” in the image.

[0080] contrast Figure 2 From the “Stego image” and “Extracted image” in the figure, we can find that the secret image embedded in the cover image is well restored without error, which proves the effectiveness of the steganography method.

[0081] In summary, the LSQb steganography method based on differential steganography proposed in the present invention combines two steganography methods and selects a partial area of ​​the cover image as the LSQb encoding area, which can improve the anti-detection ability of the stego-image while ensuring the complete restoration of the secret information.

[0082] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "comprises", "includes" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or apparatus that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or apparatus.

[0083] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A LSQb steganography method based on differential steganography, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, selecting a grayscale image of a certain size as a cover image and a secret image, wherein the cover image is larger than the secret image; Step 2, performing differential steganography on the secret image, and then performing image enlargement; Step 3, converting the enlarged secret image and the cover image into a quantum secret image and a quantum cover image in NEQR form, and embedding the information of the quantum secret image into a predetermined area of ​​the quantum cover image to obtain a stego-image; Step 4: Send the stego image to the receiving end by using TCP / IP to restore the complete stego image; Step 5, extracting the lowest bit of the gray value of each pixel of the receiving end image, and converting the extracted NEQR form image into a classic form image; Step 6: Find the embedded predetermined area from the image in the classical form, compress the image extracted from the area, perform accumulation processing on it, and finally restore the secret image.

2. The LSQb steganography method based on differential steganography according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grayscale image of a certain size in step 1 is 2 n ×2 n The cover image and 2 n-2 ×2 n-2 The secret image of , n is an integer.

3. The LSQb steganography method based on differential steganography according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 2 comprises the following steps: 2-1. Differential steganography: The secret image is differentially steganographic, and the grayscale value of each pixel is: Y′(:,j)=Y(:,j)-Y(:,j-1)+256,j∈[2,2 n-2 ]; Y′(i,1)=Y(i,1)-Y(i-1,1)+256,i∈[2,2 n-2 ]; Where i is the row number and j is the column number; 2-2. Base conversion: After the secret image is encoded by the differential steganography, the grayscale value of each pixel is represented by a 9-bit binary number c8C7C6C5C4c3C2C1c0. 2-3. Enlarge the image: extract each bit of the 9-bit grayscale value of each pixel from low to high, and the same bits are combined into an image of the same size as the secret image according to the relative position in the secret image. There are 9 images in total. Fill the 9 images into an image of the same size as the cover image and with each pixel grayscale value of 0 according to a certain rule without overlapping, to obtain the enlarged secret image, and the filled area is the coding area.

4. The LSQb steganography method based on differential steganography according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 3 comprises the following steps: 3-1. Conversion form: Measure the size of the image to be converted, determine the number of quantum bits 2n that describe the image size, and use the quantum register to convert the classical image into a quantum image in NEQR form. The conversion result is: in The pixel grayscale information of the q-bit quantum bit encoding pixel, |i>=|y n- 1y n-2 …y0>|x n -1x n-2 …x0> is the vertical and horizontal position information of the pixel encoded by n quantum bits respectively; 3-2. Embedding information: Using a quantum comparator, compare the two lowest quantum bits of the grayscale value of the pixels of the quantum secret image with the two lowest quantum bits of the grayscale value of the pixels at the corresponding positions of the quantum cover image. If the comparison results are different, perform a unitary operation on the lowest quantum bits of the grayscale of the pixels of the quantum cover image to finally obtain a stego-image.

5. The LSQb steganography method based on differential steganography according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 4 comprises the following steps: 4-1. Establish a connection: Use the TCP / IP protocol to create a socket interface and establish a stable connection between the sender and the receiver; 4-2. Data encapsulation: Segment the steganographic image data and encapsulate it into data packets suitable for network transmission, which contain partial image information and control information; 4-3. Data transmission: sending the encapsulated data packet to the receiving end through the socket interface; 4-4. Receiving confirmation: After receiving the data packet, the receiving end sends a confirmation message to the sending end to confirm that the data packet has been successfully received; 4-5. Data reorganization: The receiving end reorganizes the received data packets according to the packet sequence numbers to restore them into a complete stego-image.

6. The LSQb steganography method based on differential steganography according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 5 is specifically as follows: The lowest quantum bit of each pixel of the NEQR-form steganographic image is extracted to obtain a NEQR image of the same size. By measuring the quantum bits representing the pixel positions in the NEQR image, the grayscale values ​​corresponding to each pixel are determined one by one until the entire image is filled, and finally the classical image corresponding to the NEQR-form image is obtained.

7. The LSQb steganography method based on differential steganography according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 6 comprises the following steps: 6-1. Reorganize the image: extract the lowest binary bit of the grayscale of each pixel from the 9 coded areas of the image in the classical form, and superimpose them bit by bit to synthesize an image of the same size as the secret image, whose grayscale value is encoded by a 9-bit binary number; 6-2. Accumulated restoration: Perform the following operation on the grayscale value of each pixel of the image obtained in step 6-1: Y(i,1)=Y(i-1,1)+Y′(i,1)-256,i∈[2,2 n-2 ]; Y(:,j)=Y′(:,j)+Y(:,j-1)-256,j∈[2,2 n-2 ]; Where i is the row number and j is the column number; the restored secret image is finally obtained.

8. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the program, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is implemented.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to cause the computer to execute any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer program product, comprising computer program instructions, which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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