Pre-splitting and fracturing integrated device for hydrofracture top cutting and using method of pre-splitting and fracturing integrated device

Abstract

The invention provides a pre-splitting and fracturing integrated device for hydraulic fracturing top cutting and a using method, the pre-splitting and fracturing integrated device for hydraulic fracturing top cutting comprises a pre-splitting part, the pre-splitting part comprises an adjusting part and an inserting part, the inserting part is used for being inserted into a rock mass to form a pre-splitting crack, the radial size of the adjusting part is variable, and the adjusting part is used for adjusting the radial size of the pre-splitting crack; the adjusting part is used for driving the inserting part to be inserted into the rock mass, the pre-splitting part further comprises a first water pipe, and the first water pipe is used for guiding water into or out of the adjusting part so as to adjust the radial size of the adjusting part; the crack expansion part, the pre-cracking part and the crack expansion part are sequentially distributed, the crack expansion part comprises a packing piece and a grouting pipe, the packing piece is used for being matched with a drill hole to form a packing section at the pre-cracking part, the grouting pipe is communicated with the packing section, and the grouting pipe is used for injecting a medium into the packing section to expand the pre-cracking part. By means of the technical scheme, the problems that in the prior art, after presplitting, a tool of the previous work needs to be removed, then the next work is conducted, the working procedure is tedious, and the top cutting efficiency is low can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of coal mine top cutting, and in particular to a pre-fracture and fracturing integrated device for hydraulic fracturing top cutting and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As the depth of coal seam mining increases, the thick and hard roof is often broken in time, resulting in a large area of ​​suspended roof above the goaf. Once a break occurs, a huge impact load is generated, causing serious deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock and other impact hazards. In order to reduce the occurrence of impact hazards, coal mines will cut the roof to relieve pressure during the mining process to reduce the lateral impact load. At present, the main methods of cutting the roof are blasting cutting and hydraulic fracturing cutting. Blasting cutting has a high risk factor, high pollution and high cost. Hydraulic fracturing cutting makes up for the above shortcomings and is therefore widely used in the field of mining engineering.

[0003] At present, the hydraulic fracturing top cutting process includes: drilling, pre-fracture, sealing, fracturing, etc. Hydraulic fracturing top cutting requires multiple fracturing of the top plate. The current equipment cannot achieve continuous work between the various processes. After pre-fracture, the tools of the previous work need to be removed before the next step of sealing, fracturing, etc. can be carried out. The process is cumbersome and the operation is troublesome. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a pre-fracture and fracturing integrated device for hydraulic fracturing and top cutting and a use method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the prior art that after pre-fracture, tools for the previous work need to be evacuated before the next work can be carried out, the process is cumbersome, and the top cutting efficiency is low.

[0005] According to one aspect of the present invention, a pre-fracture and fracturing integrated device for hydraulic fracturing top cutting is provided, the pre-fracture and fracturing integrated device for hydraulic fracturing top cutting comprises: a pre-fracture part, which is arranged in a borehole, the pre-fracture part comprises an adjusting part and a plug-in part, the plug-in part is arranged on a side of the adjusting part facing the inner wall of the borehole, the plug-in part is used to be inserted into the rock mass to form a pre-fracture, the radial size of the adjusting part is variable, the adjusting part is used to drive the plug-in part to be inserted into the rock mass, the pre-fracture part also comprises a first water pipe, the first water pipe is used to introduce or export water into the adjusting part to adjust the radial size of the adjusting part; a crack expansion part, along the extension direction of the borehole, the pre-fracture part and the crack expansion part are sequentially distributed, the pre-fracture part and the crack expansion part move synchronously, the crack expansion part comprises a sealing member and a grouting pipe, the sealing member is used to cooperate with the borehole at the pre-fracture to form a sealing section, the grouting pipe is connected with the sealing section, and the grouting pipe is used to inject medium into the sealing section to expand the pre-fracture.

[0006] Furthermore, the adjusting part includes an inner rubber sleeve and an outer rubber sleeve, the outer rubber sleeve is sleeved on the outer periphery of the inner rubber sleeve, there is a gap between the inner rubber sleeve and the outer rubber sleeve, the inner rubber sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the first water pipe and is connected with the first water pipe, and the plug-in part is arranged on the outer side wall of the outer rubber sleeve; there is also an impact part between the inner rubber sleeve and the outer rubber sleeve, the impact part is arranged corresponding to the plug-in part, the inner rubber sleeve is drivingly connected to the impact part, and the inner rubber sleeve can drive the impact part to impact the outer rubber sleeve to insert the plug-in part into the rock mass.

[0007] Furthermore, the impact part includes: an impact seat, which is arranged on the inner side wall of the outer rubber sleeve, and an impact channel is arranged on the impact seat, and the impact channel extends toward the inner rubber sleeve, and the impact channel has a driving section and a boosting section arranged in sequence along the extension direction of the impact channel, and the driving section is arranged corresponding to the plug-in part; a slider, which is movably arranged in the driving section, and the slider can impact the outer rubber sleeve to drive the plug-in part to be inserted into the rock mass through inertia force; a magnetic part, which is arranged at one end of the driving section close to the boosting section, and the slider is penetrated by the magnetic part and magnetically matched with the magnetic part to provide a driving force for the slider to return to the magnetic part; a piston, which is arranged on the outer side wall of the inner rubber sleeve, part of the piston is located in the boosting section and can move in the boosting channel, the extension direction of the piston is the same as the extension direction of the boosting section, the piston can block the boosting channel, the piston, the boosting channel, the magnetic part and the slider cooperate to form a closed cavity, and the inner rubber sleeve can drive the piston close to the driving section, so that the air pressure in the closed cavity increases to drive the slider to move toward the outer rubber sleeve.

[0008] Furthermore, the impact seat includes: a first support, which is arranged on the inner wall of the outer rubber sleeve, and the impact channel is penetrated in the first support; a sleeve, which is arranged on the side of the first support facing the inner rubber sleeve, the sleeve has a boosting channel, the extension direction of the sleeve is the same as the extension direction of the boosting channel, and one end of the piston is movably arranged in the sleeve; a second support, which is arranged on the outer wall of the inner rubber sleeve, the first support and the second support are arranged correspondingly, the second support has a movable channel, part of the piston is located in the movable channel, and the movable channel is movably sleeved on the outer periphery of the sleeve along the extension direction of the sleeve.

[0009] Furthermore, the crack expansion part also includes a second water pipe, and the sealing member includes two packers, which are arranged on the second water pipe at intervals along the extension direction of the second water pipe. The radial size of the packer is variable, and the second water pipe is connected to the two packers respectively. The second water pipe is used to inject water into the packer so that the packer can fit against the inner wall of the borehole to block the borehole. The liquid outlet of the grouting pipe is located between the two packers.

[0010] Furthermore, the integrated pre-fracture and fracturing device for hydraulic fracturing cutting also includes a first pump body, a second pump body and a third pump body, one end of the first pump body and one end of the second pump body are respectively connected to the water source, the other end of the first pump body is connected to the first water pipe, and the other end of the second pump body is connected to the second water pipe. The first pump body can pump water from the water source into the first water pipe, the second pump body can pump water from the water source into the second water pipe, and the third pump body is connected to the grouting pipe, and the third pump body can pump the medium into the grouting pipe.

[0011] Furthermore, the integrated pre-fracture and fracturing device for hydraulic fracturing cutting also includes a first pressure gauge and a second pressure gauge, wherein the first pressure gauge is arranged on the first pump body to detect the pressure in the first pump body, and the second pressure gauge is arranged on the second pump body to detect the pressure in the second pump body.

[0012] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method of use is provided, which is applied to the above-mentioned integrated pre-fracture and fracturing device for hydraulic fracturing and top cutting, and the method of use comprises the following steps: step one, drilling a hole in the roof of the tunnel; step two, sending the pre-fracture part and the crack expansion part of the integrated pre-fracture and fracturing device for hydraulic fracturing and top cutting into the borehole; step three, injecting water into the regulating part of the pre-fracture part, driving the plug-in part to insert into the inner wall of the borehole to generate pre-fractures in the rock mass; step four, performing a pressure relief operation on the pre-fracture part, and moving the integrated pre-fracture and fracturing device for hydraulic fracturing and top cutting toward the orifice direction of the borehole to connect the isolation section with the pre-fracture; step five, isolating the borehole by the isolation member, and injecting a medium into the isolation section to expand the pre-fracture.

[0013] Furthermore, the integrated pre-fracture and fracturing device for hydraulic fracturing and topping cutting is the above-mentioned integrated pre-fracture and fracturing device for hydraulic fracturing and topping cutting, and step three specifically includes: step 301, injecting water into the regulating part, and obtaining the pressure data in the first water pipe of the integrated pre-fracture and fracturing device for hydraulic fracturing and topping cutting, when the detected data increases to a first preset value and starts to decrease from the first preset value, stopping the water injection; step 302, performing pressure relief treatment on the regulating part; and repeating steps 301 and 302 to generate pre-cracks in the rock mass.

[0014] Further, step 301 and step 302 are repeated to generate pre-cracks in the rock mass, specifically including: repeating steps 301 and step 302, when the detection data increases to a second preset value, stopping water injection and performing pressure relief treatment on the regulating part, at which time the pre-crack treatment is completed.

[0015] By applying the technical solution of the present invention, the pre-splitting and fracturing integrated device for hydraulic fracturing top cutting includes a pre-splitting part and a crack expansion part arranged in sequence, the plug-in part of the pre-splitting part can be inserted into the rock mass to form a pre-splitting, the pre-splitting part and the crack expansion part move synchronously, and the crack expansion part is used to expand the pre-splitting. The synchronous movement and coordinated use of the pre-splitting part and the crack expansion part avoid the cumbersome steps of first withdrawing the pre-splitting equipment and then installing the crack expansion equipment in the traditional process, and realize the seamless connection of the two key stages of pre-splitting and fracturing. In this way, when the pre-splitting part completes the formation of the pre-splitting, the whole set of equipment is moved to the orifice of the borehole, and the crack expansion part can expand the pre-splitting, without the need for additional time and labor costs to replace the intermediate equipment, which significantly improves the continuity and overall efficiency of the construction. At the same time, the temporary anchoring formed by the pre-splitting part and the rock mass after the pre-splitting is completed provides a stable environment for the fracturing work of the crack expansion part, avoiding the risk of the packing part rushing out of the borehole under high pressure, thereby protecting the on-site construction personnel and equipment from potential damage. Through the coordinated work of the pre-crack section and the crack expansion section, the integration of the pre-crack formation and expansion process is achieved, ensuring the continuity of the pre-crack and fracturing processes in the hydraulic fracturing top cutting process, greatly improving the construction efficiency and safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the construction of the pre-fracture and fracturing integrated device for hydraulic fracturing and top cutting provided by the present invention is shown;

[0018] Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of the pre-splitting portion and the crack expansion portion provided by the present invention is shown;

[0019] Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the structure of the pre-splitting part provided by the present invention is shown;

[0020] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a first support provided by the present invention is shown;

[0021] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a second support provided by the present invention is shown;

[0022] Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the structure of the impact seat provided by the present invention is shown.

[0023] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0024] 10. Pre-splitting part;

[0025] 101, closed cavity;

[0026] 11. Adjustment Department;

[0027] 111, inner rubber sleeve;

[0028] 112. Outer rubber sleeve;

[0029] 12. Plug-in part;

[0030] 13. First water pipe;

[0031] 20. Crack expansion part;

[0032] 201, packing section;

[0033] 21. Second water pipe;

[0034] 22. Packer;

[0035] 23. Grouting pipe;

[0036] 30. Impact seat;

[0037] 301, driving section;

[0038] 302, pressurization section;

[0039] 31. Slider;

[0040] 32. Magnetic parts;

[0041] 33. Piston;

[0042] 34. The first support;

[0043] 35. Casing;

[0044] 36. Second support;

[0045] 361, activity channel;

[0046] 41. First pump body;

[0047] 42. Second pump body;

[0048] 51. First pressure gauge;

[0049] 52. Second pressure gauge;

[0050] 01. Drilling;

[0051] 02. Rock mass. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a pre-fracture and fracturing integrated device for hydraulic fracturing top cutting, the pre-fracture and fracturing integrated device for hydraulic fracturing top cutting comprises: a pre-fracture part 10, which is arranged in a borehole 01, the pre-fracture part 10 comprises an adjusting part 11 and a plug-in part 12, the plug-in part 12 is arranged on the side of the adjusting part 11 facing the inner wall of the borehole 01, the plug-in part 12 is used to insert into the rock mass 02 to form a pre-fracture, the radial size of the adjusting part 11 is variable, the adjusting part 11 is used to drive the plug-in part 12 to insert into the rock mass 02, the pre-fracture part 10 also comprises a first water pipe 1 3. The first water pipe 13 is used to introduce or export water into the regulating part 11 to adjust the radial size of the regulating part 11; the crack expansion part 20, along the extension direction of the borehole 01, the pre-cracking part 10 and the crack expansion part 20 are sequentially distributed, the pre-cracking part 10 and the crack expansion part 20 move synchronously, the crack expansion part 20 includes a sealing member and a grouting pipe 23, the sealing member is used to cooperate with the borehole 01 at the pre-crack to form a sealing section 201, the grouting pipe 23 is connected with the sealing section 201, and the grouting pipe 23 is used to inject a medium into the sealing section 201 to expand the pre-crack.

[0054] By applying the technical solution of the present invention, the pre-splitting and fracturing integrated device for hydraulic fracturing top cutting includes a pre-splitting part 10 and a crack expansion part 20 arranged in sequence, the plug-in part of the pre-splitting part 10 can be inserted into the rock body to form a pre-splitting, the pre-splitting part and the crack expansion part move synchronously, and the crack expansion part is used to expand the pre-splitting. The synchronous movement and coordinated use of the pre-splitting part 10 and the crack expansion part 20 avoid the cumbersome steps of first withdrawing the pre-splitting equipment and then installing the crack expansion equipment in the traditional process, and realize the seamless connection of the two key stages of pre-splitting and fracturing. In this way, when the pre-splitting part 10 completes the formation of the pre-splitting, the whole set of equipment is moved to the orifice of the borehole, and the crack expansion part 20 can expand the pre-splitting, without the need for additional time and labor costs to replace the intermediate equipment, which significantly improves the continuity and overall efficiency of the construction. At the same time, the temporary anchoring formed by the pre-splitting part 10 and the rock body 02 after the pre-splitting is completed provides a stable environment for the fracturing work of the crack expansion part 20, avoiding the risk of the packing part rushing out of the borehole 01 under high pressure, thereby protecting the on-site construction personnel and equipment from potential damage. Through the coordinated work of the pre-crack section and the crack expansion section, the integration of the pre-crack formation and expansion process is achieved, ensuring the continuity of the pre-crack and fracturing processes in the hydraulic fracturing top cutting process, greatly improving the construction efficiency and safety.

[0055] In this embodiment, the cross-sectional area of ​​the plug-in portion 12 gradually decreases from the outer rubber sleeve 112 toward the drilling hole 01 , and specifically can be set to a conical structure.

[0056] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the adjustment part 11 includes an inner rubber sleeve 111 and an outer rubber sleeve 112, the outer rubber sleeve 112 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the inner rubber sleeve 111, there is a gap between the inner rubber sleeve 111 and the outer rubber sleeve 112, the inner rubber sleeve 111 is sleeved on the outside of the first water pipe 13, and is connected with the first water pipe 13, and the plug-in part 12 is arranged on the outer side wall of the outer rubber sleeve 112. There is also an impact part between the inner rubber sleeve 111 and the outer rubber sleeve 112, the impact part is arranged corresponding to the plug-in part 12, the inner rubber sleeve 111 is connected to the impact part by driving, and the inner rubber sleeve 111 can drive the impact part to impact the outer rubber sleeve 112, so as to insert the plug-in part 12 into the rock mass 02. Through this structure, the impact force of the impact part between the inner rubber sleeve 111 and the outer rubber sleeve 112 can be adjusted, so that the pre-splitting part 10 can efficiently form pre-cracks in the rock mass 02, so that the pre-splitting part 10 can be applicable to a variety of rock masses with different hardness, and the adaptability and efficiency of the top cutting operation are improved. At the same time, the material of the rubber sleeve makes the adjustment part 11 have certain elasticity and toughness, so as to avoid damage or deformation after being hit by the impact part for many times.

[0057] Specifically, the impact part includes: an impact seat 30, a slider 31, a magnetic member 32 and a piston 33. The impact seat 30 is arranged on the inner side wall of the outer rubber sleeve 112, and an impact channel is arranged on the impact seat 30, and the impact channel extends toward the inner rubber sleeve 111. The impact channel has a driving section 301 and a boosting section 302 arranged in sequence along the extension direction of the impact channel. The driving section 301 is arranged corresponding to the plug-in part 12, and the slider 31 is movably arranged in the driving section 301. The slider 31 can impact the outer rubber sleeve 112 to drive the plug-in part 12 to insert into the rock mass 02 through inertial force, so that the slider 31 can directly hit the plug-in part 12 to reduce energy loss.

[0058] The slider 31 is made of a magnetic metal material, and can be made of nickel, iron, or the like.

[0059] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the magnetic member 32 is arranged at one end of the driving section 301 close to the boosting section 302, and the slider 31 is penetrated by the magnetic member 32 and magnetically matched with the magnetic member 32 to provide the slider 31 with a driving force to return to the magnetic member 32. The piston 33 is arranged on the outer wall of the inner rubber sleeve 111, and part of the piston 33 is located in the boosting section 302 and can move in the boosting channel. The extension direction of the piston 33 is the same as the extension direction of the boosting section 302. The piston 33 can block the boosting channel. The piston 33, the boosting channel, the magnetic member 32 and the slider 31 cooperate to form a closed chamber 101. The inner rubber sleeve 111 can drive the piston 33 close to the driving section 301, so that the air pressure in the closed chamber 101 increases. When the air pressure increases to the limit value of the closed chamber, the pressure will push the slider 31 out from the magnetic member 32 to drive the slider 31 to move toward the outer rubber sleeve 112. Through the above-mentioned arrangement, the air pressure and magnetic force are integrated in the impact channel, which not only improves the efficiency of forming the pre-crack, but also ensures the reliable resetting of the slider 31. There is no need to set up an additional resetting structure, which simplifies the number of components of the impact part and reduces the spatial volume of the impact part, thereby avoiding that the space of the pre-crack part 10 is too large.

[0060] Compared with the prior art, in which the plug-in part is driven by an electric motor to be inserted into the rock mass, an additional power source and a cable assembly are required to be inserted into the borehole. The crack expansion part also seals the borehole by water injection, which adds an additional driving source and increases the additional detection cost. The present application injects water into the inner rubber sleeve 111 to expand it, and then cooperates with the piston 33 to drive the plug-in part 12 to be inserted into the rock mass 02. In this way, there is no need to set up a new power source and supporting equipment. The same power source can be used as the crack expansion part 20, which saves detection costs, simplifies detection components, and improves the convenience of detection operation.

[0061] The impact seat 30 includes: a first support 34, a sleeve 35 and a second support 36. The first support 34 is arranged on the inner side wall of the outer rubber sleeve 112, and the impact channel is arranged in the first support 34. The sleeve 35 is arranged on the side of the first support 34 facing the inner rubber sleeve 111, and the sleeve 35 has a boosting channel. The extension direction of the sleeve 35 is the same as the extension direction of the boosting channel. One end of the piston 33 is movably arranged in the sleeve 35. The second support 36 is arranged on the outer side wall of the inner rubber sleeve 111. The first support 34 is arranged corresponding to the second support 36. The second support 36 has a movable channel 361. Part of the piston 33 is located in the movable channel 361. The movable channel 361 is movably sleeved on the outer periphery of the sleeve 35 along the extension direction of the sleeve 35. Through the mutual cooperation of the above components, it is possible to provide better support and guidance for the impact channel and the boosting channel, improve the impact effect and stability of the impact part, and thus improve the pre-cracking effect of the plug-in part 12.

[0062] In the present application, during the continuous water injection into the inner rubber sleeve 111, the second support 36 can be driven to abut against the first support 34, thereby making the outer rubber sleeve 112 abut against the hole wall of the borehole 01, so that the plug-in part 12 is completely inserted into the rock mass 02 to deepen the pre-crack.

[0063] Preferably, the contour of the first support 34 facing the second support 36 matches the contour of the second support 36 facing the first support 34 , thereby increasing the contact area between the first support 34 and the second support 36 and improving the abutment effect therebetween.

[0064] like Figure 2 As shown, the fracture expansion part 20 also includes a second water pipe 21, and the packer includes two packers 22. The two packers 22 are arranged on the second water pipe 21 at intervals along the extension direction of the second water pipe 21. The radial size of the packer 22 is variable. The second water pipe 21 is connected to the two packers 22 respectively. The second water pipe 21 is used to inject water into the packers 22 so that the packers 22 can fit with the inner wall of the borehole 01 to block the borehole 01. The outlet of the grouting pipe 23 is located between the two packers 22. Through the above design, it can be ensured that the medium only expands the fracture in the pre-crack area, the expansion range of the pre-crack can be accurately controlled, the expansion speed of the fracture is increased, and the waste of the medium and the damage to the surrounding rock mass are avoided. Among them, the medium can be a fracturing fluid.

[0065] like Figure 1As shown, the pre-fracture and fracturing integrated device for hydraulic fracturing top cutting also includes a first pump body 41, a second pump body 42 and a third pump body. One end of the first pump body 41 and one end of the second pump body 42 are respectively connected to the water source, the other end of the first pump body 41 is connected to the first water pipe 13, the second pump body 42 is connected to the second water pipe 21, the first pump body 41 can pump water from the water source into the first water pipe 13, the second pump body 42 can pump water from the water source into the second water pipe 21, the third pump body is connected to the grouting pipe 23, and the third pump body can pump the medium into the grouting pipe 23. The pre-fracture and crack expansion processes of the cracks are controlled by two independent pump bodies, so that the situation that the wrong medium is pumped due to operation errors and the effect of crack pre-fracture or crack expansion can be reduced.

[0066] The first pump body 41 and the second pump body 42 are both electric pressure pumps, and the third pump body is a manual pressure pump.

[0067] In the present application, the integrated pre-fracture and fracturing device for hydraulic fracturing and top cutting also includes a first pressure gauge 51 and a second pressure gauge 52. The first pressure gauge 51 is arranged on the first pump body 41 to detect the pressure in the first pump body 41, and the second pressure gauge 52 is arranged on the second pump body 42 to detect the pressure in the second pump body 42. Through the above arrangement, the pressure changes in the first water pipe 13, the second water pipe 21 and the grouting pipe 23 during the top cutting operation can be monitored in real time. The working state of the pre-fracture part 10 can be known through the change of the pressure value detected by the first pressure gauge 51, and the working state of the fracture expansion part 20 can be known through the change of the pressure value detected by the second pressure gauge 52, and then the operation of injecting water into the pipeline or releasing pressure can be performed according to the working state.

[0068] In another embodiment of the present invention, a method of use is provided, which is applied to the pre-fracture integrated device for hydraulic fracturing and top cutting mentioned in the above embodiment, and the method of use comprises the following steps:

[0069] Step 1, drilling hole 01 in the top plate of the tunnel;

[0070] Step 2: insert the pre-splitting part 10 and the crack expansion part 20 of the pre-splitting and fracturing integrated device for hydraulic fracturing into the borehole 01;

[0071] Step 3: inject water into the adjusting part 11 of the pre-crack part 10, and drive the plug-in part 12 to insert into the inner wall of the borehole 01 to generate pre-cracks in the rock mass 02;

[0072] Step 4: depressurize the pre-splitting section 10, and move the pre-splitting and fracturing integrated device for hydraulic fracturing to the orifice of the borehole 01, so that the isolation section 201 is connected with the pre-splitting;

[0073] Step 5: The borehole 01 is isolated by a packing member, and a medium is injected into the packing section 201 to expand the pre-crack.

[0074] Through the mutual cooperation of the pre-splitting part 10 and the crack expansion part 20, the complicated process of repeatedly withdrawing and reinstalling the equipment during the construction process is reduced, the pre-splitting and fracturing processes are combined together, and continuous construction is possible, which increases the efficiency of the construction. In addition, the pre-splitting part 10 can form a certain anchoring ability between the rock mass 02 and the hole wall of the borehole 01 when the plug-in part 12 is inserted, which can prevent the crack expansion part 20 from rushing out during the pressure relief process.

[0075] Specifically, before performing step two, a pre-crack can be applied in the borehole 01 by traditional methods, such as ring knife cutting. When the pre-crack part 10 and the crack expansion part 20 are sent into the borehole 01, the pre-crack can be directly expanded by the crack expansion part 20, and the pre-crack part 10 can perform a pre-crack operation.

[0076] Among them, step three specifically includes: step 301, injecting water into the regulating part 11, and obtaining the pressure data in the first water pipe 13 of the pre-fracture and fracturing integrated device for hydraulic fracturing cutting. When the detection data increases to a first preset value and starts to decrease from the first preset value, it means that the air pressure in the closed chamber 101 has reached the limit value. The pressure in the closed chamber 101 pushes the slider 31 out of the magnetic part 32 and impacts the outer rubber sleeve 112. At this time, stop water injection; step 302, perform pressure relief treatment on the regulating part 11, that is, release the water in the inner rubber sleeve 111; repeat steps 301 and 302 to generate pre-cracks in the rock mass 02.

[0077] There is no limitation on the first preset value, and it can be selected and adjusted according to the size of the closed cavity 101 and the working conditions on site.

[0078] Further, step 301 and step 302 are repeated to generate pre-cracks in the rock mass 02, specifically including: repeating steps 301 and step 302, when the detection data increases to the second preset value, and then when there is no obvious increase in air pressure, the second support 36 has abutted against the first support 34, and the outer rubber sleeve 112 has abutted against the side wall of the borehole 01, that is, the plug-in part 12 has completely entered the rock mass 02, water injection is stopped, and the adjustment part 11 is depressurized, and the pre-crack treatment is completed at this time.

[0079] Among them, the second preset value can be set to a value between 10MPa-20MPa, which is not limited in the present embodiment and can be selected according to the requirements of actual working conditions.

[0080] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0081] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​of the parts and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. Meanwhile, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. The technology, method and equipment known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology, method and equipment should be considered as a part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as being merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once a certain item is defined in an accompanying drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0082] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "lateral, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. The directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contours of each component itself.

[0083] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features as shown in the figure. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below other devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0084] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. If not otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0085] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pre-fracture and fracturing integrated device for hydraulic fracturing and top cutting, characterized in that: The pre-fracture and fracturing integrated device for hydraulic fracturing and top cutting comprises: A pre-splitting part (10) is arranged in a borehole (01), the pre-splitting part (10) comprises an adjusting part (11) and a plug-in part (12), the plug-in part (12) is arranged on a side of the adjusting part (11) facing the inner wall of the borehole (01), the plug-in part (12) is used to be inserted into a rock mass (02) to form a pre-splitting, the radial dimension of the adjusting part (11) is variable, the adjusting part (11) is used to drive the plug-in part (12) to be inserted into the rock mass (02), the pre-splitting part (10) further comprises a first water pipe (13), the first water pipe (13) is used to introduce or export water into the adjusting part (11) to adjust the radial dimension of the adjusting part (11); The crack expansion part (20) is arranged along the extension direction of the borehole (01), the pre-crack part (10) and the crack expansion part (20) are sequentially distributed, the pre-crack part (10) and the crack expansion part (20) move synchronously, the crack expansion part (20) comprises a sealing member and a grouting pipe (23), the sealing member is used to cooperate with the borehole (01) at the pre-crack to form a sealing section (201), the grouting pipe (23) is connected with the sealing section (201), and the grouting pipe (23) is used to inject a medium into the sealing section (201) to expand the pre-crack.

2. The integrated pre-fracture and fracturing device for hydraulic fracturing and top cutting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjusting portion (11) comprises an inner rubber sleeve (111) and an outer rubber sleeve (112); the outer rubber sleeve (112) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the inner rubber sleeve (111); a gap is provided between the inner rubber sleeve (111) and the outer rubber sleeve (112); the inner rubber sleeve (111) is sleeved on the outside of the first water pipe (13) and is connected to the first water pipe (13); and the plug-in portion (12) is arranged on the outer side wall of the outer rubber sleeve (112); An impact portion is also provided between the inner rubber sleeve (111) and the outer rubber sleeve (112), and the impact portion is arranged corresponding to the plug-in portion (12). The inner rubber sleeve (111) is drivingly connected to the impact portion, and the inner rubber sleeve (111) can drive the impact portion to impact the outer rubber sleeve (112) so as to insert the plug-in portion (12) into the rock mass (02).

3. The integrated pre-fracture and fracturing device for hydraulic fracturing and top cutting according to claim 2, characterized in that: The impact portion comprises: An impact seat (30) is arranged on the inner side wall of the outer rubber sleeve (112), and an impact channel is arranged on the impact seat (30), and the impact channel extends toward the inner rubber sleeve (111), and the impact channel has a driving section (301) and a boosting section (302) arranged in sequence along the extension direction of the impact channel, and the driving section (301) is arranged corresponding to the plug-in portion (12); A slider (31) is movably arranged in the driving section (301), and the slider (31) can impact the outer rubber sleeve (112) to drive the plug-in portion (12) to be inserted into the rock mass (02) through inertial force; A magnetic member (32) is arranged at one end of the driving section (301) close to the boosting section (302); the slider (31) passes through the magnetic member (32) and is magnetically coupled with the magnetic member (32) to provide a driving force for the slider (31) to return to the magnetic member (32); A piston (33) is arranged on the outer wall of the inner rubber sleeve (111), part of the piston (33) is located in the boosting section (302) and can move in the boosting channel, the extension direction of the piston (33) is the same as the extension direction of the boosting section (302), the piston (33) can block the boosting channel, the piston (33), the boosting channel, the magnetic part (32) and the slider (31) cooperate to form a closed chamber (101), and the inner rubber sleeve (111) can drive the piston (33) to approach the driving section (301), so that the air pressure in the closed chamber (101) increases, so as to drive the slider (31) to move toward the outer rubber sleeve (112).

4. The integrated pre-fracture and fracturing device for hydraulic fracturing and top cutting according to claim 3, characterized in that: The impact seat (30) comprises: A first support (34) is arranged on the inner wall of the outer rubber sleeve (112), and the impact channel is arranged in the first support (34); A sleeve (35) is arranged on a side of the first support (34) facing the inner rubber sleeve (111), the sleeve (35) has the pressurizing channel, the extension direction of the sleeve (35) is the same as the extension direction of the pressurizing channel, and one end of the piston (33) is movably arranged in the sleeve (35); The second support (36) is arranged on the outer wall of the inner rubber sleeve (111), the first support (34) and the second support (36) are arranged correspondingly, the second support (36) has a movable channel (361), part of the piston (33) is located in the movable channel (361), and the movable channel (361) is movably sleeved on the outer periphery of the sleeve (35) along the extension direction of the sleeve (35).

5. The integrated pre-fracture and fracturing device for hydraulic fracturing and top cutting according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fracture expansion part (20) further comprises a second water pipe (21), the sealing element comprises two packers (22), the two packers (22) are arranged on the second water pipe (21) at intervals along the extension direction of the second water pipe (21), the radial dimension of the packer (22) is variable, the second water pipe (21) is respectively connected to the two packers (22), the second water pipe (21) is used to inject water into the packers (22), so that the packers (22) can fit with the inner wall of the borehole (01) to block the borehole (01), and the liquid outlet of the grouting pipe (23) is located between the two packers (22).

6. The integrated pre-fracture and fracturing device for hydraulic fracturing and top cutting according to claim 5, characterized in that: The integrated pre-fracture and fracturing device for hydraulic fracturing top cutting also includes a first pump body (41), a second pump body (42) and a third pump body. One end of the first pump body (41) and one end of the second pump body (42) are respectively connected to a water source. The other end of the first pump body (41) is connected to the first water pipe (13). The other end of the second pump body (42) is connected to the second water pipe (21). The first pump body (41) can pump water from the water source into the first water pipe (13). The second pump body (42) can pump water from the water source into the second water pipe (21). The third pump body is connected to the grouting pipe (23). The third pump body can pump the medium into the grouting pipe (23).

7. The integrated pre-fracture and fracturing device for hydraulic fracturing and top cutting according to claim 6, characterized in that: The integrated pre-fracture and fracturing device for hydraulic fracturing cutting also includes a first pressure gauge (51) and a second pressure gauge (52), wherein the first pressure gauge (51) is arranged on the first pump body (41) to detect the pressure in the first pump body (41), and the second pressure gauge (52) is arranged on the second pump body (42) to detect the pressure in the second pump body (42).

8. A method of use, characterized in that: The method of use is applied to the pre-fracture integrated device for hydraulic fracturing and topping according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and the method of use comprises the following steps: Step 1, drilling a hole in the roof of the tunnel (01); Step 2, inserting the pre-splitting part (10) and the crack expansion part (20) of the pre-splitting and fracturing integrated device for hydraulic fracturing and top cutting into the borehole (01); Step 3, injecting water into the adjusting portion (11) of the pre-crack portion (10), driving the plug-in portion (12) to be inserted into the inner wall of the borehole (01), so as to generate pre-cracks in the rock mass (02); Step 4, performing a pressure relief operation on the pre-splitting part (10), and moving the pre-splitting and fracturing integrated device for hydraulic fracturing and cutting toward the orifice of the borehole (01), so that the isolation section (201) is connected with the pre-splitting; Step five: isolating the borehole (01) by the sealing member, and injecting a medium into the sealing section (201) to expand the pre-crack.

9. The method of use according to claim 8, characterized in that: The step three specifically includes: Step 301, injecting water into the regulating part (11), and obtaining pressure data in the first water pipe (13) of the pre-fracture and fracturing integrated device for hydraulic fracturing and top cutting, and stopping water injection when the detection data increases to a first preset value and starts to decrease from the first preset value; Step 302, performing pressure relief processing on the regulating part (11); Step 301 and step 302 are repeatedly performed to generate the pre-cracks in the rock mass (02).

10. The method of use according to claim 9, characterized in that: Repeating step 301 and step 302 to generate the pre-cracks in the rock mass (02) specifically includes: The step 301 and the step 302 are repeatedly performed, and when the detection data increases to a second preset value, the water injection is stopped, and the regulating part (11) is subjected to pressure relief treatment, and the pre-crack treatment is completed at this time.

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