Artificial breeding method of short-stalk long-tail Crotunus albus

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of biological prevention and control of agricultural and forestry pests, in particular to an artificial breeding method of short-stalk long-tail encardia. The method comprises the following steps: by taking oak eggs as hosts for bee inoculation and a fructose aqueous solution as a sugar source, inoculating 3-day-old female bees which have reproductive memory and are copulated, and carrying out bee inoculation treatment twice; and breeding the tussah eggs on which the short-stalk long-tail bees parasitize, which are collected by the two-time bee inoculation treatment, so as to obtain the short-stalk long-tail bees. On the basis of reproductive memory and in combination with the biological characteristics of the short-peduncle long-tail bees, influence factors such as the most suitable mother bee day age, bee grafting proportion and time of the short-peduncle long-tail bees are determined, the phenomenon of low parasitic rate or over-parasitism caused by improper parasitic proportion or time is avoided, and the survival rate of the short-peduncle long-tail bees is improved. And therefore, the parasitism rate and eclosion rate of the short-stalk long-tailed encardia are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of biological control of agricultural and forestry pests, and in particular to an artificial breeding method of a short-stalked and long-tailed gnawing wasp. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, factors such as global warming, frequent extreme weather, and the reduction of natural forests and the increase of artificial forests have provided favorable conditions for the occurrence and harm of forest pests. At present, the prevention and control of forest pests is still mainly based on chemical control, but due to the long-term and large-scale use of chemical pesticides, pests will develop resistance, leading to the rampant pests, and will also kill a large number of natural enemy insects, other beneficial organisms and non-major pests, seriously destroying the balance and biodiversity of forest ecosystems. In addition, due to the extremely long larval stage of some forest pests and their extremely hidden occurrence, the control effect of using chemical pesticides is not ideal. Therefore, it is extremely important to use biological control technology to control the occurrence and harm of forest pests, and the use of parasitic natural enemies to carry out pest control is one of the important means to achieve biological control of agricultural and forestry pests. For a long time, researchers at home and abroad have never stopped the development and application of parasitic natural enemy resources of agricultural and forestry pests, but due to the failure to find suitable intermediate breeding hosts and scientific breeding technology, they have not been widely promoted and applied. It can be seen that artificial breeding technology is the key technology to achieve large-scale promotion and application of parasitic natural enemies.

[0003] The genus Aprostocetus is the largest genus in the subfamily Tetrastichinae and is widely distributed around the world. Parasitic wasps of the genus Aprostocetus are very important natural enemy resources for agricultural and forestry pests. They have a wide range of hosts, mainly including Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, and Orthoptera. Many species of parasitic wasps in this genus have been successfully applied to biological control of pests. Aprostocetus is an egg-stage parasitic wasp of the genus Aprostocetus. It can control a variety of pests such as Caligula japonica Moore, Dendrolimus spp., and Lebeda nobilis Walker. It is a new potential superior parasitic wasp for controlling agricultural and forestry pests and has good development and application prospects. At present, there are no relevant research reports on the artificial breeding technology of the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp, which greatly limits its promotion and application. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a large-scale breeding technology for the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp to lay the foundation for its effective use in the biological control of agricultural and forestry pests.

[0004] Learning behavior is the behavior that animals acquire through life experience and learning based on genetic factors and under the influence of environmental factors. Compared with innate behavior, learning behavior is not innate. It enables animals to continuously acquire new behaviors in the course of their acquired lives, and this behavior will change with changes in environmental factors. The main types of learning behaviors of insects are as follows:

[0005] 1. Habituation and sensitization: The behavioral response value of insects to repeated stimuli gradually decreases. For example, after pollinating insects visit unrewarded flowers many times, they will become insensitive to the flower signals, reducing the efficiency of flower visits and behavioral preferences. 2. Associative learning: Insects learn through the consequences of their own behavior. For example, bees collect nectar from flowers. If a certain type of flower has more nectar, they will be more inclined to visit this flower next time. 3. Learning and memory: One is that after insects experience learning, their memory will go through a consolidation stage to better guide future behavior. For example, after multiple trainings, bees can remember the relationship between flowers of specific colors or shapes and nectar, and find the target more efficiently in subsequent foraging. Another is that if insects have not been exposed to relevant stimuli for a long time, their memory will gradually be forgotten; if they encounter new and more valuable stimuli, they will also update their memory. 4. Social learning: One is information transmission. In social insects, individuals can transmit information. For example, ants transmit information such as food location and danger through antennae communication and release of pheromones, so that new members can quickly learn important survival information. Another is imitation behavior. Insects will imitate the behavior of their own kind. For example, young bees will observe the dancing movements of older bees and learn information such as the location and distance of nectar sources. 5. Foraging learning: One is food selection learning. Insects can identify and choose food based on color, shape, smell, etc., and can also learn to distinguish foods of different quality and nutritional content. For example, the larvae of the cabbage butterfly prefer cruciferous plants because they can recognize chemical signals such as glucosinolates. Another is foraging path learning. Insects can remember and optimize foraging paths. For example, ants will leave pheromone-marked paths in the process of looking for food. Other ants can find food along this path and adjust the path according to changes in the food source. To date, there are no research reports on the effects of reproductive learning (i.e., reproductive memory) on insect reproduction, nor are there any research reports on improving the breeding efficiency of natural enemy insects based on reproductive memory. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an artificial breeding method of a short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. The present invention provides an artificial breeding method of a short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp, which is based on reproductive memory and the biological characteristics of the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp. A large number of short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasps can be obtained by using this method, and it also has the advantage of simple operation.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides an artificial breeding method of a short-pedunculated long-tailed wasp, comprising the following steps:

[0009] The eggs of tussah silkworms were used as the host for bee inoculation, and fructose aqueous solution was used as the sugar source. Three-day-old female bees of the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp with reproductive memory and mating were inoculated for breeding. After 24 hours of inoculation, the eggs of tussah silkworms parasitized by the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp were removed.

[0010] On the second day, new tussah eggs were inoculated. After 24 hours of inoculation, the eggs parasitized by the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp were removed.

[0011] The tussah eggs parasitized by the short-pedunculated long-tailed gnawing wasp collected twice were cultivated to obtain the short-pedunculated long-tailed gnawing wasp.

[0012] Further preferably, the concentration of fructose in the fructose water is 20 wt.%.

[0013] Preferably, the 3-day-old female bees of the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing bee with reproductive memory and mated are obtained by the following steps:

[0014] Using fructose aqueous solution as a sugar source, female short-pedunculated long-tailed gnawing bees and male short-pedunculated long-tailed gnawing bees are mated, and tussah silkworm eggs are introduced on the second day and raised for a total of 3 days to obtain the 3-day-old female short-pedunculated long-tailed gnawing bees with reproductive memory and mated.

[0015] Preferably, the female short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp is a second-generation female short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp that has just emerged and is bred using eggs of the Ginkgo silk moth as a host.

[0016] Preferably, the tussah eggs are removed 6 hours after being implanted.

[0017] Preferably, the number ratio of the female short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasps to the male short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasps is (2-3):1.

[0018] Preferably, the feeding condition parameters are: temperature 24°C, relative humidity 70%, light duration 14L and dark duration 10h.

[0019] Preferably, the ratio of female short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasps to tussah eggs is 3 to 20.

[0020] Preferably, the feeding condition parameters are: temperature 24°C, relative humidity 70%, light duration 14L and dark duration 10h.

[0021] Further preferably, the concentration of fructose in the fructose water is 20 wt.%.

[0022] Preferably, the cultivation comprises the following steps:

[0023] The tussah eggs parasitized by the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp are laid out flat and covered with gauze; after the 8th hour after parasitism, they are turned over once every 24 hours until the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp emerges.

[0024] Preferably, the cultivation condition parameters are: temperature 24°C, relative humidity 70%, light duration 14L and dark duration 10h.

[0025] Further preferably, the flattened thickness of the tussah eggs parasitized by the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp does not exceed 1 cm.

[0026] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0027] The present invention is based on the learning behavior of organisms and is the first in the world to provide reproductive memory to natural enemies through reproductive learning, thereby improving the breeding efficiency of natural enemies. This method is of great significance to the efficient breeding of natural enemy insects in my country and even the world.

[0028] The present invention is based on reproductive memory and combines the biological characteristics of the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp to determine the influencing factors such as the age of the mother bees most suitable for the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp, the proportion of bees and the time of bees, so as to avoid the phenomenon of low parasitism rate or excessive parasitism caused by inappropriate parasitism ratio or time, thereby improving the parasitism rate and emergence rate of the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp.

[0029] The invention feeds the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing bee with a fructose aqueous solution during the breeding process, which can significantly increase the egg-bearing amount of the female bees compared with the previous honey, thereby improving the parasitic ability of the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing bee.

[0030] The reproductive memory operation method of the parasitic wasp can be operated by ordinary people by learning the method of the present invention, the breeding host used is very easy to obtain, and the breeding device is reusable. The artificial breeding method provided by the present invention has the advantages of simple operation and low cost, can be bred indoors all year round, and the parasitism rate and emergence rate of the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp are high, and short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp products can be obtained in batches, which has positive significance for using the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp to carry out biological control of agricultural and forestry pests. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0033] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0034] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0035] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0036] The short-pedunculated long-tailed gnawing wasp was disclosed in the document "Biological Characteristics of the Short-pedunculated Long-tailed Gnawing Wasp" and it was promised to be released to the public for 20 years.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] An artificial breeding method of a short-stalked long-tailed wasp based on reproductive memory, the main steps are as follows:

[0039] (1) Obtaining the mother generation of short-stalked long-tailed gnawing bees with reproductive memory

[0040] The second generation of newly emerged female and male short-stalked long-tailed gnawing bees bred from the original host eggs (Ginkgo moth eggs) were placed in a beekeeping plastic pot (cylindrical, diameter: 9.0 cm, height: 14.0 cm) in a ratio of (2-3):1 for mating, and were raised in the beekeeping plastic pot for 3 days and fed with fructose aqueous solution (concentration of 20wt.%). On the second day, host tussah eggs were provided at a ratio of 10 eggs:1 for 6 hours to allow them to acquire reproductive memory. The rearing conditions were a temperature of 24°C, a relative humidity of 70%, and a photoperiod of 14L:10D, that is, a light time of 14h and a dark time of 10h.

[0041] (2) Mass reproduction of the short-stalked long-tailed wasp

[0042] The 3-day-old female short-stalked long-tailed gnawing bee that had fully mated and had reproductive memory was placed in a bee breeding plastic pot (cylindrical, diameter: 9.0 cm, height: 14.0 cm) with host tussah eggs. After 24 hours of inoculation, the host tussah eggs were removed and collected, and then the female bees were fed with a fructose aqueous solution (concentration of 20wt.%). After an interval of one day, the tussah eggs were placed again, and the host tussah eggs were collected 24 hours after inoculation. The plastic pot was coated with a fructose aqueous solution for the parasitic bees to feed. The female short-stalked long-tailed gnawing bee and the host tussah eggs were inoculated at a ratio of 3 bee eggs to 20 eggs. The inoculation conditions were a temperature of 24°C, a relative humidity of 70%, and a photoperiod of 14L:10D, that is, the light time was 14h and the dark time was 10h.

[0043] (3) Breeding of offspring of short-stalked and long-tailed gnawing bees

[0044] The host tussah silkworm eggs collected by the two bee-raising sessions were laid flat in a plastic square box (length × width × height: 25 cm × 25 cm × 3.5 cm) (the laying thickness should not exceed 1 cm), the box mouth was covered with 100-mesh gauze, and placed in an insect breeding room for cultivation (temperature 24°C, relative humidity 70%, photoperiod 14L:10D (14 h of light, 10 h of darkness)), the host eggs were turned over every 24 h starting from the 8th day after parasitism, and 21-23 days after parasitism, the parasitic wasps emerged from the host eggs to obtain short-stalked and long-tailed gnawing wasps.

[0045] Example 2 Optimization of the breeding conditions of the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp

[0046] The optimization of the breeding conditions of the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp is mainly verified through the following test cases, as follows:

[0047] Experimental Example 1 Optimizing the sugar source to increase the lifespan of the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing bee

[0048] (1) Test methods

[0049] Collect newly emerged, healthy, active, and uniform-sized short-stalked long-tailed gnawing bees, and introduce 10 bees into each finger-shaped tube (2.5cm×12cm) (the female bees and the male bees were observed to mate before being used in the experiment, that is, the parasitic bees used in the experiment were all mated). Feed the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing bees with fructose aqueous solution or honey water. Put the cotton balls dipped in different glycogens at the mouth of the test tube for the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing bees to eat. Replace the cotton balls every 24 hours, and observe and record the survival of the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing bees. The experiment used clear water as the control group, and observed 50 female and male bees for each treatment.

[0050] (2) Results and analysis

[0051] The effects on the life span of adults of the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing bee are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the life span of female bees of the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing bee is significantly longer than that of male bees. Compared with the control group, feeding glycogen can significantly increase the life span of female and male bees of the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing bee, but the effect of fructose aqueous solution is significantly better than the previously reported honey.

[0052] Table 1 Effect of glycogen on the life span of adults of Microhylidae brevirostris

[0053] concentration Female bee (day) Drone (day) Honey water 20wt.% 47 28 Fructose aqueous solution 20wt.% 48 30 CK - 3 2

[0054] Test Example 2: Test for selecting the best female bee age

[0055] (1) Test methods

[0056] The short-stalked long-tailed gnawing bees that had just emerged (<30 minutes) were collected, and the time of completion of emergence was recorded. Glycogen (a fructose aqueous solution with a concentration of 20wt.%) was provided to the parasitic bees for feeding every day, but no host eggs were provided. The parasitic bees within 24 hours after emergence were defined as 0-day-old parasitic bees, and the same was true for parasitic bees of other ages. The steps are as follows:

[0057] The second generation of newly emerged female and male short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasps bred from the original host eggs (Ginkgo silk moth eggs) were placed in a beekeeping plastic jar (cylindrical, diameter: 9.0 cm, height: 14.0 cm) in a ratio of 2:1 for mating. They were raised in the beekeeping plastic jar for 3 days and fed with fructose aqueous solution (concentration of 20wt.%). On the second day, they were provided with tussah eggs in a ratio of 1 head:10 eggs for 6 hours to allow them to acquire reproductive memory.

[0058] A female short-stalked long-tailed gnawing bee of different ages (with reproductive memory and fully mated) was placed in a bee breeding plastic tank containing 20 fresh host tussah silkworm eggs, and glycogen (a fructose aqueous solution with a concentration of 20wt.%) was provided at the same time. The bees were removed after 24 hours of parasitism. The conditions for the bee inoculation were 24℃, 70% relative humidity, and a photoperiod of 14L:10D, that is, 14 hours of light and 10 hours of darkness. 30 female bees of each age of short-stalked long-tailed gnawing bee were selected for the experiment to ensure that the individual sizes of the selected female bees of each age were uniform to avoid experimental errors caused by individual size. The parasitic effects of female bees aged 0 to 10 days were measured in the experiment. The number of parasitic eggs of parasitic bees of each age was investigated 8 days after parasitism, and the emergence rate was counted after the parasitic bees emerged.

[0059] (2) Results and analysis

[0060] By comparing the data in Table 2, it was found that the parasitic effect of 0-day-old female D. scutellaria was the least ideal, and the number of parasitized host tussah eggs by female bees of different ages generally showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, among which the 3-day-old female bees had the best parasitic effect and a higher emergence rate. It can be seen that 3-day-old female bees are more suitable for breeding a large number of D. scutellaria.

[0061] Table 2 The number of parasites and the emergence rate of female bees of different ages of the short-pedunculated long-tailed gnawing bee

[0062] Days old female bee of the short-pedunculated long-tailed gnawing wasp Number of parasitic eggs Eclosion rate (%) Day 0 0.17 95 1 day old 2.70 96 2 days old 4.43 96 3 days old 7.03 98 4 days old 6.80 98 5 days old 6.33 97 6 days old 6.20 97 7 days old 6.43 96 8 days old 5.83 97 9 days old 5.90 95 10 days old 5.83 95

[0063] Test Example 3 Comparison of the parasitic effect of the short-pedunculated long-tailed wasp on the host tussah eggs and the original host eggs (selection of dominant host eggs)

[0064] (1) Test methods

[0065] The second generation of newly emerged female and male short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasps bred from the original host eggs (Ginkgo silk moth eggs) were placed in a beekeeping plastic jar (cylindrical, diameter: 9.0 cm, height: 14.0 cm) in a ratio of 2:1 for mating. They were raised in the beekeeping plastic jar for 3 days and fed with fructose aqueous solution (concentration of 20wt.%). On the second day, they were provided with tussah silkworm eggs in a ratio of 1 bee egg: 10 eggs for 6 hours to allow them to acquire reproductive memory.

[0066] Three-day-old female short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasps of uniform size and full mating were selected, and each female was placed in a test tube with 20 host eggs (tussah eggs or Ginkgo moth eggs) for parasitism for 24 hours. The bees were removed after 24 hours of parasitism, and the number of parasites, the number of bees hatching from a single egg, the developmental period, the emergence rate and the sex ratio were investigated after the parasitic wasps emerged; at the same time, the reproductive capacity was investigated. In this experimental example, the reproductive capacity was investigated from the initial emergence of the female bees until their death, the host eggs were replaced once a day, and the reproductive status of the parasitic wasps was recorded.

[0067] (2) Results and analysis

[0068] The results of the parasitic effect survey are shown in Table 3. The results show that the number of eggs parasitized by the short-pedunculated long-tailed gnawing wasp on the host tussah silkworm is significantly higher than the original host eggs (Ginkgo moth eggs), and the number of bees per egg, the female ratio and the fecundity are significantly higher than the original host eggs, and the development period is short and the eclosion rate is high. In summary, the host tussah silkworm eggs are suitable hosts for the large-scale breeding of the short-pedunculated long-tailed gnawing wasp.

[0069] Table 3 Comparison of the parasitic effect of A. brevis on host tussah eggs and original host eggs

[0070]

[0071] Experimental Example 4 Effects of reproductive behavior learning or reproductive memory acquisition on the reproduction of the short-pedunculated long-tailed gnawing wasp

[0072] (1) Test methods

[0073] This experiment is divided into treatments with reproductive learning (reproductive memory) (A and B) and treatments without reproductive learning (reproductive memory) (C and D). Each treatment selects short-stalked and long-tailed gnawing bees of uniform size. The details of each treatment are as follows:

[0074] Treatment A after reproductive learning (reproductive memory): The second generation of newly emerged female and male short-stalked long-tailed gnawing bees bred from the original host eggs (Ginkgo moth eggs) were placed in a beekeeping plastic pot (cylindrical, diameter: 9.0 cm, height: 14.0 cm) in a ratio of 2:1 for mating, and were raised in the beekeeping plastic pot for 3 days and fed with fructose aqueous solution (concentration of 20wt.%). From the age of 1 day, 6-hour host tussah eggs were provided daily, and the bee egg ratio was 1 head:10 eggs. 6-hour host tussah eggs were also provided at the age of 2 days to allow them to develop reproductive memory;

[0075] Treatment B after reproductive learning (reproductive memory): The second generation of newly emerged female and male short-stalked long-tailed gnawing bees bred from the original host eggs (Ginkgo moth eggs) were placed in a beekeeping plastic pot (cylindrical, diameter: 9.0 cm, height: 14.0 cm) in a ratio of 2:1 for mating, and were raised in the beekeeping plastic pot for 3 days and fed with fructose aqueous solution (concentration of 20wt.%). From the age of 2 days, host tussah eggs were provided for 6 hours every day, and the ratio of bee eggs was 1 head:10 eggs, so that they could develop reproductive memory;

[0076] Treatment C without reproductive learning (reproductive memory): The same as treatment A with reproductive learning (reproductive memory), except that this treatment did not provide host tussah eggs to enable the animals to develop reproductive memory;

[0077] Treatment D without reproductive learning (reproductive memory): The same as treatment B with reproductive learning (reproductive memory), except that this treatment did not provide host tussah eggs to enable the animals to produce reproductive memory.

[0078] The 3-day-old female bees in treatments AD were placed in test tubes with host tussah eggs. Each female bee was inoculated with 20 host tussah eggs. The bees were removed 24 hours after inoculation, and the number of parasitic eggs of the parasitic bees was investigated 8 days after parasitism.

[0079] (2) Results and analysis

[0080] As recorded in Table 4, by comparing the number of parasites, it was found that the number of parasites of female short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasps with parasitism experience (treatments A and B) was significantly higher than that of female bees without parasitism experience (treatments C and D), and the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasps that began learning at 2 days old had stronger reproductive capacity.

[0081] Table 4 Effects of parasitism experience on the number of parasitoids of Dinocampus brevis

[0082]

[0083] Experimental Example 5: Optimization of the optimal temperature for the reproduction of the long-tailed wasp under reproductive memory conditions

[0084] (1) Test methods

[0085] The temperature test set up 5 constant temperature gradients, namely 16℃, 20℃, 24℃, 28℃ and 32℃, with an error of ±1℃, relative humidity of 70±5%, and a photoperiod of 14L:10D. The steps are as follows:

[0086] The second generation of newly emerged female and male short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasps bred from the original host eggs (Ginkgo silk moth eggs) were placed in a beekeeping plastic jar (cylindrical, diameter: 9.0 cm, height: 14.0 cm) in a ratio of 2:1 for mating. They were raised in the beekeeping plastic jar for 3 days and fed with fructose aqueous solution (concentration of 20wt.%). On the second day, they were provided with tussah silkworm eggs in a ratio of 1 bee egg: 10 eggs for 6 hours to allow them to acquire reproductive memory.

[0087] A 3-day-old female bee of the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp (with reproductive memory and fully mated) was placed in a glass finger tube with 20 host eggs. The female wasp was removed after parasitism for 24 hours. When the offspring of the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp were about to emerge, the emergence of the parasitic wasp was observed every 12 hours, the emergence date was recorded, and the total number of bees emerging from a single host egg, the number of male and female bees, and the number of remaining bees were counted. After all the parasitic bees emerged, the unemerged host eggs were dissected to investigate whether they were parasitized or parasitized but not emerged. Each temperature treatment was effectively repeated 25 times.

[0088] (2) Results and analysis

[0089] The results are shown in Table 5. During the implementation of the experiment, it was found that the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp could only develop into mature larvae at 16℃, and then diapause in the insect state of mature larvae. Although the offspring bees could develop into adults at a temperature of 32℃, the adult bees could not bite through the egg shells and emerge. By comparing the data in Table 2, it was found that the number of single-egg bees and the development period of the offspring bees of the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp would gradually decrease with the increase of temperature. Suitable high temperature conditions would increase the number of female offspring bees of the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp. At a temperature of 24℃, the number of single-egg bees of the offspring bees was large, the female ratio was high, the development period was short, the number of residual bees was the least, and the emergence rate was the highest. In summary, under the condition of reproductive memory, the temperature of 24℃ is more suitable for the breeding of the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp, rather than the 25℃ reported previously.

[0090] Table 5 Biological parameters of offspring of Dinocampus spheniscus at different temperatures

[0091] Temperature / ℃ Number of bees hatched from a single egg (head) Female ratio (%) Number of remaining bees (heads) Eclosion rate (%) Developmental period / day 16 — — — — — 20 7.2a 86c 0.6b 92b 32a 24 7.2a 87b 0.2c 97a 25b 28 6.7b 88a 1.2a 85c 22c 32 — — — 0d —

[0092] Experimental Example 6 Optimization of the optimal humidity for the reproduction of the long-tailed gnatophaga under reproductive memory conditions

[0093] (1) Test methods

[0094] A total of four constant humidity gradients were set in the experiment, namely 30%, 50%, 70% and 90%, with an error of ±5%, a temperature of 24±1℃, and a photoperiod of 14L:10D.

[0095] The second generation of newly emerged female and male short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasps bred from the original host eggs (Ginkgo silk moth eggs) were placed in a beekeeping plastic jar (cylindrical, diameter: 9.0 cm, height: 14.0 cm) in a ratio of 2:1 for mating. They were raised in the beekeeping plastic jar for 3 days and fed with fructose aqueous solution (concentration of 20wt.%). On the second day, they were provided with tussah silkworm eggs in a ratio of 1 bee egg: 10 eggs for 6 hours to allow them to acquire reproductive memory.

[0096] A 3-day-old female short-stalked long-tailed gnawing bee (with reproductive memory and fully mated) that has fully mated and has reproductive memory was placed in a glass finger tube with 20 host eggs. The female wasp was removed after parasitizing for 24 hours. When the offspring of the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing bee is about to emerge, the emergence of the parasitic bee is observed every 12 hours, the emergence date is recorded, and the total number of bees emerging from a single host egg, the number of male and female bees, and the number of remaining bees are counted. After all the parasitic bees have emerged, the unemerged host eggs are dissected to investigate whether they are parasitized or have been parasitized but have not emerged. Each humidity treatment is effectively repeated 25 times.

[0097] (2) Results and analysis

[0098] By comparing the data in Table 6, it was found that under the condition of 24℃, the number of single-egg bees of the short-pedunculated long-tailed gnawing wasp gradually decreased with the increase of humidity, and high or low humidity would increase the female ratio of the parasitic wasp. When the relative humidity was 30%, the number of residual bees of the short-pedunculated long-tailed gnawing wasp was significantly higher than that of the other three humidity treatments, among which the number of residual bees was the least when the relative humidity was 70%. The emergence rate of the offspring bees increased first and then decreased with the increase of humidity, among which the emergence rate was the highest at 70%, which was 97%. Humidity also had a significant effect on the developmental period, and low humidity (RH 30% and RH50%) would increase the developmental period of the parasitic wasp. In summary, under the condition of reproductive memory, the relative humidity of 70% is more suitable for the breeding of the short-pedunculated long-tailed gnawing wasp than the 75% previously reported.

[0099] Table 6 Biological parameters of offspring of Dinocampus spheniscus under different humidity

[0100] humidity Number of bees hatched from a single egg (head) Female ratio (%) Number of remaining bees (heads) Eclosion rate (%) Developmental period / day 30％ <![CDATA[8.9 a ]]> <![CDATA[91 a ]]> <![CDATA[1.2 a ]]> <![CDATA[85 c ]]> <![CDATA[25.7 a ]]> 50％ <![CDATA[7.2 b ]]> <![CDATA[85 c ]]> <![CDATA[0.6 b ]]> <![CDATA[92 b ]]> <![CDATA[25.4 a ]]> 70％ <![CDATA[7.2 b ]]> <![CDATA[87 b ]]> <![CDATA[0.2 c ]]> <![CDATA[97 a ]]> <![CDATA[24.7 b ]]> 90％ <![CDATA[6.7 c ]]> <![CDATA[91 a ]]> <![CDATA[0.4 bc ]]> <![CDATA[94 ab ]]> <![CDATA[24.6 b ]]>

[0101] Note: Different shoulder marks in each column indicate significant differences.

[0102] Experimental Example 7 Comparison of the number of parasites and biological parameters of offspring bees of the short-pedunculated long-tailed gnawing bee under different bee ratios and time under reproductive memory conditions

[0103] (1) Test methods

[0104] The newly emerged short-stalked long-tailed gnawing bees are collected, allowed to fully mate, and glycogen is provided for the parasitic bees to eat, so as to give the parasitic bees reproductive memory. The steps are as follows: the newly emerged female short-stalked long-tailed gnawing bees and male short-stalked long-tailed gnawing bees bred by the original host eggs (Ginkgo moth eggs) are placed in a beekeeping plastic pot (cylindrical, diameter: 9.0 cm, height: 14.0 cm) in a ratio of 2:1 for mating, and are raised in the beekeeping plastic pot for 3 days and fed with a fructose aqueous solution (concentration of 20wt.%), and on the second day, an appropriate amount of host tussah silkworm eggs are provided in a ratio of 1 bee egg: 10 eggs, and the provision time is 6 hours, so that they can acquire reproductive memory.

[0105] Afterwards, 3-day-old female bees (with reproductive memory) of uniform size were selected for the experiment. Then, the bees were inoculated according to the ratio of 1 head of short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp to host tussah eggs, 2 heads: 20 eggs, 3 heads: 20 eggs, and 4 heads: 20 eggs. The inoculation time was set to 3 treatments, 12h, 24h and 48h respectively. The effective repetitions of each treatment were 30 times. After 8 days of parasitism by the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp, the number of parasitized eggs was investigated, and the parasitized host eggs were preserved in single tubes and single eggs. After the parasitic bees emerged, the emergence rate of each treatment was investigated.

[0106] (2) Results and analysis

[0107] By comparing the data in Table 7, it is found that the number of parasitized eggs of the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp with reproductive memory on the host eggs gradually increases with the extension of the bee-to-egg ratio of 1:20; under the bee-to-egg ratio of 2 heads:20, 3 heads:20 and 4 heads:20, with the extension of the bee-to-egg ratio, the number of parasitized eggs first increases and then tends to be stable. Under the condition of 12h of bee-to-bee time, with the increase of the bee-to-bee ratio, the number of parasitized eggs of the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp on the host eggs gradually increases; when the bee-to-bee time is 24h and 48h, the number of parasitized eggs of this parasitic wasp first increases and then tends to be stable with the increase of the bee-to-bee ratio. It can be seen from the table that the number of parasitized eggs of the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp on the host tussah silkworm eggs reached the highest value at 24h of bee-to-egg ratio, and will not change significantly with the extension of bee-to-bee time or the increase of bee-to-bee ratio. The offspring bees all have a high emergence rate, with the highest rate reaching 97%.

[0108] In summary, under conditions of reproductive memory, the optimal bee ratio and time for 24 hours of inoculation with bees at a bee-egg ratio of 3 heads to 20 eggs is the optimal bee-egg ratio when the short-pedunculated long-tailed gnawing wasp uses tussah eggs as breeding hosts, because under this condition the parasitic effect of the parasitic wasp is the best and it has the highest emergence rate.

[0109] Table 7 The number of parasites and emergence rate of Dinocampus spheniscus under different bee reception ratios and time

[0110] parameter Parasitic quantity (grains) Eclosion rate (%) 1：20-12h 3 97 1：20-24h 7 97 1：20-48h 8 95 2：20-12h 7 97 2：20-24h 10 96 2：20-48h 11 93 3：20-12h 8 96 3：20-24h 15 97 3：20-48h 15 93 4：20-12h 9 95 4：20-24h 15 95 4：20-48h 15 92

[0111] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for artificial breeding of a short-stalked long-tailed wasp, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The eggs of tussah silkworms were used as the host for bee inoculation, and fructose aqueous solution was used as the sugar source. Three-day-old female bees of the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp with reproductive memory and mating were inoculated for breeding. After 24 hours of inoculation, the eggs of tussah silkworms parasitized by the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp were removed. On the second day, new tussah eggs were inoculated. After 24 hours of inoculation, the eggs parasitized by the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp were removed. The tussah eggs parasitized by the short-pedunculated long-tailed gnawing wasp collected twice were cultivated to obtain the short-pedunculated long-tailed gnawing wasp.

2. The artificial breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The 3-day-old female bees of the short-pedunculated long-tailed gnawing bee with reproductive memory and mating are obtained by the following steps: Using fructose aqueous solution as a sugar source, female short-pedunculated long-tailed gnawing bees and male short-pedunculated long-tailed gnawing bees are mated, and tussah silkworm eggs are introduced on the second day and raised for a total of 3 days to obtain the 3-day-old female short-pedunculated long-tailed gnawing bees with reproductive memory and mated.

3. The artificial breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The female short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp is a second-generation female short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp that has just emerged and is bred using eggs of the Ginkgo moth as a host.

4. The artificial breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The tussah eggs are removed 6 hours after being implanted.

5. The artificial breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number ratio of the female short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasps to the male short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasps is (2-3):

1.

6. The artificial breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The breeding condition parameters are: temperature 24°C, relative humidity 70%, light duration 14L and dark duration 10h.

7. The artificial breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the female short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp to the eggs of tussah silkworms is 3 to 20.

8. The artificial breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The breeding condition parameters are: temperature 24°C, relative humidity 70%, light duration 14L and dark duration 10h.

9. The artificial breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cultivation comprises the following steps: The tussah eggs parasitized by the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp are laid out flat and covered with gauze; after the 8th hour after parasitism, they are turned over once every 24 hours until the short-stalked long-tailed gnawing wasp emerges.

10. The artificial breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cultivation condition parameters are: temperature 24°C, relative humidity 70%, light duration 14L and dark duration 10h.

Images