Method for creating specific germplasm of sesames

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for creating a specific germplasm of sesames, and belongs to the technical field of plant breeding. The method comprises the following steps: by taking Zhongzhi 14 seeds as materials, radiating the seeds with gamma rays, performing conventional sowing and field management, and obtaining ultra-dwarf mutant plants with the plant height of 50cm in the current generation; and hybridizing the ultra-dwarf mutant plant serving as a female parent and Zhizhi No.16 serving as a male parent to obtain an F1 generation, and then selfing to an F6 generation to obtain stably inherited 23SP58, namely the sesame ultra-dwarf boea densiflora specific germplasm. The plant height character of the special germplasm of the sesames, which is created by the method disclosed by the invention, is obviously improved, capsules are neatly and tightly arranged on main stems of the plants, the field shows wilt and stem spot blight resistance and high lodging resistance, and the special germplasm can be used as a parent material for breeding high-yield sesames and also can be planted in fields in main sesames producing areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant breeding, in particular to a method for creating sesame short-stem dense capsule special germplasm. Background Art

[0002] Sesame (Sesamumindicum L.) is one of the seven major oil crops in the world and a traditional specialty oil crop in my country. It is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world (AshriA, 1998; Zhang Xiurong et al., 2005) and is planted in all parts of my country. Sesame seeds are rich in unsaturated fatty acids, proteins, vitamin E, and trace elements such as calcium, iron, zinc, and selenium. They are fragrant and of high quality, beneficial to human health, and are deeply loved by people (Wang Lei et al., 2014; Anilakumar et al., 2010; Zhang Yanxin et al., 2012; 2014). With the improvement of living standards, my country's sesame consumption has continued to grow rapidly, from 590,000 tons in 2003 to 1.5 million tons in 2021, more than doubling. Breeding high-yield and stable-yield sesame varieties is very urgent to promote the development of sesame production and solve the problem of insufficient total self-sufficiency. Sesame is a summer crop and is very prone to lodging during typhoons and rainstorms in summer, resulting in a significant reduction in yield and quality. Therefore, breeding high-yield, stable-yield and lodging-resistant varieties is of great significance to promoting the development of the sesame industry.

[0003] The height of sesame plants is generally 160-180 cm, and can exceed 2 meters when the fertilizer, water and environmental conditions are good. It begins to bloom and bear fruit at 40-50 cm in the middle and lower part of the main stem. When there is more rain during the flowering period, the height of the plant increases significantly, and the internode length also increases significantly, so the arrangement of capsules on the stem appears sparse and small. Sufficient water makes the stems more tender and fragile, and the stems are very easy to break and lodging in typhoons and rainstorms; the internode length becomes shorter, and the capsules arranged on stems of the same length appear more and dense. The main factor that constitutes sesame yield is the number of capsules per plant. If the number of capsules per plant remains unchanged or decreases insignificantly while the height of the plant is reduced, the risk of lodging will be greatly reduced while the yield reduction is not significant. Therefore, it is of great significance to breed sesame varieties with short stems and neat and densely arranged capsules. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for creating a sesame short stem and dense capsule special germplasm to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. The sesame created by the method of the present invention has the advantages of dwarfed plant height, densely arranged capsules, a large number of capsules per plant, disease resistance and stress resistance, and normal fruiting after self-pollination, which not only provides new germplasm resources for the selection and breeding of new sesame varieties, but also can be directly used for large-scale cultivation and production.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a method for creating sesame short-stem dense capsule special germplasm, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Using Zhongzhi 14 seeds as materials, the seeds were irradiated with gamma rays and then planted. Today, we obtained super-dwarf mutant plants with a height of 50 cm.

[0008] The ultra-dwarf mutant plant is used as the female parent and Zhuzhi No. 16 is used as the male parent for hybridization to obtain the F1 generation, and then self-pollination to the F6 generation to obtain the stable inherited plant 23SP58, which is the sesame ultra-dwarf dense capsule special germplasm;

[0009] The characteristics of the plant 23SP58 include: single-stem, three-flower, four-angle type, early maturity, average plant height of 60 cm, white flowers, 3-4 nodes for the first flowering, 10-15 cm for the first flowering height, 45-48 cm for the main stem fruit axis, 1-2 cm for the hollow tip, medium-sized capsules, 80-90 capsules per plant, about 70 grains per capsule, 1000-grain weight of 3.27 grams, a growing period of 80 days, white seeds, and resistance to lodging, stem blight and wilt in the field.

[0010] Furthermore, the dose of the gamma ray is 320 Gy, and the irradiation time is 12 h.

[0011] Furthermore, the characteristics of the ultra-dwarf mutant plant include: plant height of 50 cm, medium capsule, early maturity, pure white grains, good commercial value, good disease resistance, and strong lodging resistance.

[0012] Furthermore, excellent individual plants are selected from the F1 generation and mixed for harvesting, and then self-pollinated to the F6 generation; the screening traits of the excellent individual plants are white flowers, moderate flowering period, long flowering time, medium maturity period, and strong disease resistance.

[0013] Furthermore, the screening criteria for self-pollination are dwarf plant height, white seeds, early maturity, and closely arranged capsules.

[0014] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0015] The plant height trait of the sesame short-stem dense capsule variety "23SP58" cultivated by the present invention is significantly improved, the capsules are neatly and closely arranged on the main stem of the plant, each leaf axil has three flowers, the internodes are not obvious, the plant height is 60 cm, the main stem fruit axis length is 45 cm, the hollow tip length is 1-2 cm, the number of capsules per plant is 80-90, the number of grains per capsule is about 70, the thousand-grain weight is 3.27 grams, the growth period is 80 days, the per-acre yield is 80-90 kilograms, the grains are white, the field performance is wilt and stem blight resistance, the lodging resistance ability is strong, the sesame can be used as a parent material for high-yield sesame breeding, and can also be planted in the field in the main sesame producing areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 are plants of different sesame varieties; A is 23SP58, B is Zhongzhi 14;

[0018] Figure 2 These are field plants of Zhongzhi 14 (left) and 23SP58 (right). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0020] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0021] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0022] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0023] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] 1. Origin and characteristics of hybrid parents

[0026] "Zhongzhi 14" is a white sesame variety bred by the Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It has a tall plant, medium capsule, late maturity, late flowering, loose plant shape, medium-sized leaves, pure white grains, good commercial quality, strong disease resistance, and average lodging resistance.

[0027] Its seeds were used for physical mutagenesis: the seeds were irradiated with a dose of 320 Gy of gamma rays and sown 12 hours later. The field management was the same as that of the field. Among the plants obtained during the mutagenesis period, an ultra-dwarf mutant plant "Zhongzhi 14 (ultra-dwarf)" of about 50 cm was selected. This mutant plant is ultra-dwarf (about 50 cm), medium-capsule, early-maturing, with pure white grains, good commercial quality, good disease resistance, and strong lodging resistance, and it was used as the hybrid mother.

[0028] The male parent "Zhuzhi No. 16" is a white sesame variety bred by Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It is medium-maturing, has a moderate growth period, is resistant to diseases and stresses, has a large number of capsules per plant, has medium-length capsules, a medium number of grains per capsule, white flowers, white grains, high oil content, and good commercial quality of the fruit.

[0029] 2. Preparation and identification of hybrid combinations

[0030] The mutant strain "Zhongzhi 14 (super dwarf)" obtained by mutagenesis of "Zhongzhi 14" was used as the female parent and "Zhuzhi 16" as the male parent. Artificial emasculation and cross pollination were performed to obtain F1 seeds. The F1 generation plants showed an intermediate type between the two parents, with white flowers, moderate flowering period, long flowering time, medium maturity period, and strong disease resistance. Excellent individual plants were selected from the self-pollinated plants of the F1 generation for mixed harvest.

[0031] 3. Breeding of “23SP58”

[0032] The F2 generation was planted in the field. There was a drastic separation in plant height, growth period and capsule arrangement of the F2 generation. Individual plants with dwarfed plant height, white grains, early maturity and tightly arranged capsules were selected for self-pollination and seed preservation to obtain the F3 line. The F3-F6 lines were further selected and self-pollinated in the field according to the selection criteria of dwarfed plant height and early maturity. By the F6 generation, the characteristics of each line had stabilized and were named "23SP58".

[0033] Characteristics of "23SP58": single stem, three flowers, four prisms, early maturity, average plant height 60cm, white flowers, first flowering at 3-4 nodes, first flowering height 10-15cm, main stem fruit axis length 45-48cm, hollow tip length 1-2cm, medium capsule, 80-90 capsules per plant, about 70 grains per capsule, 1000-grain weight 3.27 grams, growth period 80 days, white seeds, field performance is resistant to lodging, stem blight and wilt, can be used as a parent material for high-yield sesame breeding, and can also be planted in the main sesame producing areas. Figure 1 As shown, compared with its parent "Zhongzhi 14", "23SP58" has the characteristics of short plant, dense capsules, tightly arranged capsules, and not easy to fall off flowers and buds.

[0034] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for creating a special germplasm of sesame with short stems and dense capsules, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Using Zhongzhi 14 seeds as materials, the seeds were irradiated with gamma rays and then planted. Today, we obtained super-dwarf mutant plants with a height of 50 cm. The ultra-dwarf mutant plant is used as the female parent and Zhuzhi No. 16 is used as the male parent for hybridization to obtain the F1 generation, and then self-pollination to the F6 generation to obtain the stable inherited plant 23SP58, which is the sesame ultra-dwarf dense capsule special germplasm; The characteristics of the plant 23SP58 include: single-stem, three-flower, four-angle type, early maturity, average plant height of 60 cm, white flowers, 3-4 nodes for the first flowering, 10-15 cm for the first flowering height, 45-48 cm for the main stem fruit axis, 1-2 cm for the hollow tip, medium-sized capsules, 80-90 capsules per plant, about 70 grains per capsule, 1000-grain weight of 3.27 grams, a growing period of 80 days, white seeds, and resistance to lodging, stem blight and wilt in the field.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dose of the gamma ray is 320 Gy, and the irradiation time is 12 h.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The characteristics of the ultra-dwarf mutant plant include: plant height of 50 cm, medium capsule, early maturity, pure white grains, good commercial value, good disease resistance and strong lodging resistance.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Excellent individual plants are selected from the F1 generation for mixed harvesting, and then self-pollinated to the F6 generation; the screening traits of the excellent individual plants are white flowers, moderate flowering period, long flowering time, medium maturity period, and strong disease resistance.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screening criteria for self-pollination are dwarfed plant height, white seeds, early maturity and closely arranged capsules.

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