Full-automatic soil permeability coefficient measuring device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to a full-automatic soil permeability coefficient measuring device and a measuring method thereof. Comprising a test chamber, a double-ring knife, a flowmeter, a single-chip microcomputer, a water pump, a raindrop sensor, a steering engine, a water tank and a display device. The testing chamber is provided with a double-ring knife structure and is used for placing a soil sample and forming a standardized permeation path. The flow is connected with the water pump, water flow is monitored in real time, and data are automatically collected through the single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer controls start and stop of the water pump, data collection of the flow meter and action of the steering engine, and meanwhile wireless transmission of data is achieved through the Wi-Fi module. The raindrop sensor detects the time of the first drop. After the raindrop sensor detects water drops, the steering engine moves away, and interference is avoided. The water tank provides continuous water. And the display device displays the test data and the calculation result in real time. The single-chip microcomputer automatically calculates the soil permeability coefficient according to the monitoring data. The device realizes automatic determination of the soil permeability coefficient, remarkably improves the determination efficiency and accuracy, and is suitable for the fields of scientific research, agriculture, environmental protection and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to soil physics testing equipment, in particular to a soil permeability coefficient measuring device combining double-ring knife method, automatic water adding system, flow monitoring and data remote transmission functions and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Soil permeability is an important parameter in soil physics, which reflects the soil's ability to penetrate water. Traditional methods for determining soil permeability usually require manual operation, which is not only inefficient, but also easily affected by the operator's skill level, resulting in the accuracy and consistency of the measurement results being affected. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop an automated, efficient and accurate soil permeability measurement device. With the development of Internet of Things technology, combining sensors with microcontrollers can realize automated monitoring of soil infiltration rate. This method can collect data in real time, reduce manual operations, and improve measurement efficiency and accuracy. In addition, through wireless network transmission technology, data can be sent to a monitoring system or cloud platform in real time, which is convenient for remote monitoring and data analysis.

[0003] In the existing technology of measuring soil permeability coefficient, there are mainly the following problems:

[0004] 1. Manual operation is complicated and time-consuming: Traditional soil permeability coefficient determination methods usually require a lot of manual operation. For example, the ring knife method and the double ring method require precise measurement of water volume and time, and multiple recordings of permeability. This is not only time-consuming, but also easily affected by the operator's skills and operating environment, resulting in the inability to guarantee the accuracy and consistency of the results.

[0005] 2. Low measurement efficiency: Existing methods often require long-term observation and recording during the test process. For example, in the permeability test, water needs to be added and measured repeatedly at different time periods, and the whole process may last for several hours or even longer. This method is particularly inefficient for large-scale soil testing or frequent measurement needs.

[0006] 3. Inconvenient data collection and analysis: Traditional measurement methods usually rely on manual data recording, which not only increases the workload but is also prone to recording errors or data loss. In addition, manually recorded data also requires subsequent manual analysis, which further increases the complexity of the work and the risk of errors.

[0007] 4. Limited by environmental and operating conditions: In the actual soil permeability coefficient determination, environmental conditions (such as temperature and humidity) and operating conditions (such as soil uniformity and sample preparation) will have a significant impact on the test results. Traditional methods are difficult to accurately control and standardize these conditions, resulting in poor reliability and repeatability of test results.

[0008] 5. Lack of automation and real-time monitoring capabilities: Current technologies rarely achieve fully automated operations and real-time data monitoring. In existing methods, many steps in the testing process still require manual intervention, and there is a lack of automation and intelligent means to improve measurement efficiency and real-time data. Summary of the invention

[0009] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a fully automatic soil permeability coefficient determination device and method. In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0010] 1. A fully automatic soil permeability coefficient measuring device, the structure of which includes: a supporting part 1, a double-ring knife system 2, a water storage part 3 and a main board compartment 4.

[0011] Preferably, the supporting portion 1 includes an outer frame 1-1 and a transmission structure 1-2. Outer frame 1-1: provides a supporting structure for the entire device to ensure that each component is stably installed. It not only protects the internal precision equipment from external environmental influences (such as dust, moisture, etc.), but also provides a solid foundation for the use of the device in different environments. The outer frame is also used to accommodate and position other important components, such as the double ring knife system and water storage parts, to ensure that these components are in the correct position during the test. Transmission structure 1-2: used to adjust the vertical movement of the upper ring knife and the lower ring knife so that the two can fit closely to ensure that a standardized infiltration path is formed during the test. This structure ensures the contact tightness between the ring knife and the soil sample, reduces the possibility of lateral seepage, and thus improves the accuracy and consistency of the permeability coefficient measurement.

[0012] Preferably, the double ring knife system 2 includes a distance sensor 2-1, an upper ring knife holder 2-2, and a lower ring knife holder 2-3. Distance sensor 2-1: used to accurately measure the height of the water surface in the upper ring knife, so as to calculate the amount of water infiltrating. The precise measurement of this sensor ensures the consistency of the water surface height during the test, thereby maintaining standardized test conditions, reducing human errors, and improving the accuracy of the determination of the soil permeability coefficient. Upper ring knife holder 2-2: Its function is to carry the upper ring knife and maintain its stable position. By cooperating with the distance sensor 2-1, the upper ring knife holder ensures the precise control of the water surface height to achieve the precise determination of the amount of infiltrating water, thereby ensuring the standardization of the test conditions and the accuracy of the data. The stability of the upper ring knife holder is crucial to reducing uneven water flow or lateral leakage. Lower ring knife holder 2-3: used to carry the lower ring knife to ensure the stability of the support under the soil sample during the test. The lower ring knife holder not only provides a stable base for the soil sample, but also can adjust the height to accommodate samples of different thicknesses, thereby ensuring the consistency of the test conditions.

[0013] Preferably, the water storage part 3 includes a water drop sensor 3-1, a display device 3-2, a water tank 3-3, a water storage tank and a water pump 3-4. Water drop sensor 3-1: responsible for detecting the key time point at the start of the test, that is, detecting when the first drop of water begins to penetrate. This sensor can accurately mark the time when the test starts, thereby providing an accurate time reference for subsequent data collection and calculation, ensuring the accuracy of the permeability coefficient measurement. Display device 3-2: displays the test data in real time, including water flow, penetration time and permeability coefficient, etc. The display device enables the operator to easily view the current test status through a friendly user interface, and monitor key parameters at any time during the test. Water tank 3-3: The water tank stores the amount of water used for testing.

[0014] Water tank and water pump 3-4: responsible for providing a continuous and stable water supply for the entire test device. The water tank provides a continuous and stable water supply, and the water pump automatically adjusts the water flow rate and pressure according to the preset program to ensure that the water head remains stable during the test.

[0015] Preferably, the motherboard compartment 4 is located on the side or back of the device, with a built-in motherboard, power supply (battery) and other key components, responsible for the energy supply, data processing and instruction execution of the entire device. The function of the motherboard compartment is to manage all automated operations of the device, including receiving data from sensors, controlling the start and stop of water pumps, and realizing wireless transmission of data through Wi-Fi modules. The power supply (battery) in the motherboard compartment ensures that the device can continue to work in different environments, and guarantees the smooth progress of the test through stable power supply and data processing capabilities.

[0016] Preferably, the double ring knife system is a test chamber, the inner ring is used to place the soil sample, and the outer ring is used to prevent lateral seepage. The test chamber is designed with precise water seepage holes to ensure that water can evenly penetrate the soil sample. Double ring knife system 2: The double ring knife system allows for adjustable size to accommodate soil samples of different types and sizes. The inner wall of the knife ring is designed with a scale to facilitate measuring and recording the thickness of the soil sample.

[0017] Preferably, flow meter and water pump: the flow meter accurately monitors the water flow through the soil sample and transmits the data to the single chip microcomputer in real time. The water pump automatically adds water to the test chamber according to the preset program to maintain a constant water head and ensure the consistency of the test conditions.

[0018] Preferably, a single-chip microcomputer control system: the single-chip microcomputer is the control center of the entire system, responsible for receiving data from the flow meter, controlling the start and stop of the water pump, and wirelessly transmitting data through the Wi-Fi module. The built-in program of the single-chip microcomputer automatically adjusts the test process according to real-time data, including the amount of water added, the test time, etc.

[0019] Preferably, raindrop sensor and steering gear: the raindrop sensor is used to detect the time point when the first drop of water falls, which marks the beginning of the test. After detecting the water drop, the steering gear is controlled by the single chip microcomputer to move the raindrop sensor away to avoid interference with subsequent water flow.

[0020] Preferably, water tank and water supply system: the water tank is designed with sufficient capacity to store the amount of water required for the test. The water supply system includes a water pump and a water pipe to ensure a stable supply of water flow during the test.

[0021] Preferably, display device and user interface: the display device displays the test data in real time, including key parameters such as water flow rate, water head height, etc. The user interface is user-friendly, which facilitates the operator to set test parameters, start the test process and view test results.

[0022] Preferably, Wi-Fi module and data transmission: The Wi-Fi module enables the microcontroller to wirelessly send test data and calculation results to the monitoring system or cloud platform. This function not only facilitates remote monitoring and storage of data, but also enables synchronous testing and data comparison in multiple locations.

[0023] Preferably, data processing and analysis: the algorithm built into the microcontroller automatically calculates the soil permeability coefficient based on the flow meter data and the timing information of the raindrop sensor. The calculation results can be displayed instantly or sent to a remote server via the Wi-Fi module for in-depth analysis.

[0024] 2. A fully automatic soil permeability coefficient determination method, as follows:

[0025] (1) Setting the measurement formula

[0026] According to Darcy's law, the water flow and head height are continuously monitored and recorded to calculate the soil permeability coefficient. The specific calculation formula is: Q = V·A·t = K·I·A·t

[0027] Where: Q is the amount of water that penetrates through cross-sectional area A in time t; A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the soil sample; t is the test time.

[0028] (2) Equipment assembly and preparation

[0029] Place the ring knife in the test chamber. Assemble the test chamber with the double ring knife system to ensure that the inner ring fits tightly with the outer ring and there is no leakage. Fix the flow meter under the test chamber to ensure that its sensor part is in good contact with the soil sample so as to accurately monitor the water flow. Connect the water pump to the water tank and connect the water pump to the test chamber through a water pipe to ensure that the water supply system is unobstructed. Install the raindrop sensor at the predetermined position above the test chamber to ensure that its sensing area covers the soil sample directly above. Install the servo in an appropriate position so that it can quickly move the sensor after the raindrop sensor detects the water drop. Connect the display device to the microcontroller to ensure real-time display of data. Ensure that the connection between the Wi-Fi module and the microcontroller is stable for wireless data transmission.

[0030] (3) Test process settings

[0031] Set the test parameters through the user interface, including test time, water addition amount, test interval, etc. Start the microcontroller and perform a system self-check to ensure that all sensors and actuators are working properly. Place the soil sample into the inner ring knife as required and adjust the height of the double ring knife to adapt to the thickness of the soil sample.

[0032] (4) Test execution

[0033] Start the water pump and automatically add water to the test chamber according to the preset program until the predetermined water head height is reached. When the raindrop sensor detects the first drop of water, the microcontroller records this time point as a sign of the start of the test. After receiving the signal from the raindrop sensor, the servo quickly moves the sensor away to avoid interfering with the subsequent water flow. The flow meter continuously monitors the water flow rate and transmits the data to the microcontroller in real time. The microcontroller automatically calculates the soil permeability coefficient based on the flow meter data and the timing information of the raindrop sensor, and adjusts the working state of the water pump in real time to maintain a constant water head.

[0034] (5) Data recording and analysis

[0035] The display device displays the test data in real time, including key parameters such as water flow, water head height, soil permeability coefficient, etc. The microcontroller sends the test data and calculation results to the remote monitoring system or cloud platform through the Wi-Fi module for remote monitoring and storage of data. After the test, the user can view the final test results through the display device, or download the data from the remote monitoring system for in-depth analysis.

[0036] (6) Equipment maintenance and cleaning

[0037] After the test is completed, turn off the water pump and all power supplies and disconnect them. Clean the soil sample residue in the test room and perform necessary cleaning and maintenance on the equipment. Check the working status of all sensors and actuators to ensure that the equipment can work normally during the next test.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, this technical solution has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] 1. The design of this measuring device has several significant advantages

[0040] (1) Test chamber design: Double ring knife structure is adopted: the inner ring is used to place soil samples, and the outer ring is used to prevent lateral seepage, ensuring that water can evenly penetrate the soil samples, improving the accuracy and stability of the test. Internal precise water seepage hole design: ensuring that water can evenly penetrate the soil samples, further improving the accuracy of the test.

[0041] (2) Double ring knife system: adjustable size: to adapt to soil samples of different types and sizes, enhancing the versatility of the device. The inner wall scale design of the knife ring: convenient for measuring and recording the thickness of soil samples, improving the accuracy and operability of the test.

[0042] (3) Flow meter and water pump: The flow meter accurately monitors the water flow and transmits the data to the single-chip microcomputer in real time, providing reliable data support for the accurate calculation of soil permeability coefficient. The water pump automatically adds water and maintains a constant water head to ensure the consistency of test conditions, reduce the impact of human factors on test results, and improve the accuracy of the test.

[0043] (4) Single-chip microcomputer control system: As the control center, it is responsible for receiving data from the flow meter, controlling the start and stop of the water pump, and wirelessly transmitting data through the Wi-Fi module, thus realizing the automated control of the test process. The built-in program automatically adjusts the test process, automatically adjusts the water addition amount, test time, etc. according to real-time data, thus improving the efficiency and flexibility of the test.

[0044] (5) Raindrop sensor and servo: The raindrop sensor detects the time when the first drop of water falls, marking the start of the test and providing a guarantee for accurately recording the test time. The servo moves the sensor away after detecting the water drop to avoid interference with subsequent water flow, thus improving the accuracy of the test.

[0045] (6) Water tank and water supply system: The water tank has sufficient capacity to store the amount of water required for the test to ensure the smooth progress of the test process. The water supply system supplies a stable water flow, including water pumps and water pipes, providing a stable water source condition for the test.

[0046] (7) Display device and user interface: Real-time display of test data, including key parameters such as water flow rate and water head height, enables users to intuitively understand the test process and results. The user interface is friendly, making it easy for operators to set test parameters, start the test process, and view test results, improving the convenience of operation.

[0047] (8) Wi-Fi module and data transmission: Wireless transmission of test data and calculation results to the monitoring system or cloud platform facilitates remote monitoring and storage of data, and enables real-time sharing and analysis of data. Multi-location synchronous testing and data comparison, through the function of the Wi-Fi module, can be tested at different locations at the same time, and the data can be compared and analyzed, which improves the efficiency of the test and the reliability of the data.

[0048] (9) Data processing and analysis: The built-in algorithm automatically calculates the soil permeability coefficient. Based on the flow meter data and the timing information of the raindrop sensor, the soil permeability coefficient is calculated quickly and accurately. The calculation results can be displayed instantly locally and the data can be sent to a remote server for in-depth analysis, providing users with a variety of data processing and analysis methods.

[0049] 2. The application effect of this measuring device and method is remarkable

[0050] (1) Accuracy: The fully automatic device can more accurately monitor water flow and penetration time through high-precision sensors and automated control systems, ensuring high accuracy and consistency of measurement results. Traditional methods rely on manual operation and are easily affected by human factors, resulting in large measurement errors.

[0051] (2) Efficiency: The fully automatic device can run automatically after the parameters are set, reducing human intervention and operation time, greatly improving the measurement efficiency. Traditional methods are time-consuming and require multiple manual operations and records.

[0052] (3) Convenience of operation: The fully automatic device is easy to operate. The user only needs to perform simple parameter settings and sample preparation, and the system can complete the complex testing process. The traditional method is complicated to operate and requires multiple manual measurements and records, which is difficult to operate.

[0053] (4) Data automation and analysis: The fully automatic device supports real-time data recording and wireless transmission, and can generate data reports instantly, facilitating remote monitoring and analysis. Traditional methods rely on manual recording and subsequent manual data processing, which results in low data management efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the fully automatic soil permeability coefficient measuring device of the present invention, wherein the supporting system 1, the transmission structure 1-2, the outer frame 1-1; the distance measuring sensor 2-1, the upper ring tool holder 2-2, the lower ring tool holder 2-3; the water drop sensor 3-1, the display device 3-2, the water tank and the water pump 3-3; the mainboard compartment 4.

[0055] Figure 2It is a cross-sectional view of the sensor of the fully automatic soil permeability coefficient measuring device of the present invention. The support system 1 includes: a transmission structure 1-2, an outer frame 1-1. The double ring knife system 2 includes: a distance sensor 2-1, an upper ring knife 2-2, and a lower ring knife holder 2-3. The water storage part 3 includes: a water drop sensor 3-1, a display device 3-2, a water tank and a water pump 3-3. The main board compartment 4.

[0056] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a double-ring knife system of a fully automatic soil permeability coefficient measuring device of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 4 This is the sensor structure diagram. Among them, WIFI module a (ESP8266), water pump relay b (SRD-05VDC-SL-C), motherboard c (Arm Cortex-A76), water drop sensor d (MH-RD), servo e (SG90), flow meter f (YF-S201 / 401), water pump g (YF-B1). The above parts are all commercially available.

[0058] Figure 5 The invention discloses a flow meter circuit diagram of a fully automatic soil permeability coefficient measuring device.

[0059] Figure 6 The present invention discloses a WIFI module circuit diagram of a fully automatic soil permeability coefficient measuring device.

[0060] Figure 7 The invention discloses a steering gear circuit diagram of a fully automatic soil permeability coefficient measuring device.

[0061] Figure 8 It is a comparison diagram of the effects of the running examples of the equipment of the present invention.

[0062] Fig. 9 It is a physical working diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the invention clearer, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Examples of these preferred embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments of the present invention shown in the accompanying drawings and described according to the accompanying drawings are merely exemplary, and the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. It should also be noted that in order to avoid obscuring the technical solution of the present invention due to unnecessary details, only structures and / or processing steps closely related to the solution according to the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, and other details that are not very relevant are omitted.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] This embodiment provides a fully automatic soil permeability coefficient measuring device. Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, its structure includes: a supporting part 1, a double-ring knife system 2, a water storage part 3 and a mainboard compartment 4.

[0066] Furthermore, the supporting part 1 includes an outer frame 1-1 and a transmission structure 1-2.

[0067] Outer frame 1-1: Provides a supporting structure for the entire device to ensure that all components are stably installed. It not only protects the internal precision equipment from external environmental influences (such as dust, moisture, etc.), but also provides a solid foundation for the use of the device in different environments. The outer frame is also used to accommodate and position other important components, such as the double-ring knife system and water storage area, to ensure that these components are in the correct position during the test.

[0068] Transmission structure 1-2: used to adjust the vertical movement of the upper ring knife and the lower ring knife so that the two can fit closely. Figure 3 As shown, the upper ring knife holder 2-2 and the lower ring knife holder 2-3 are closely fitted during operation to ensure the formation of a standardized penetration path during the test. This structure ensures the tightness of the contact between the ring knife and the soil sample, reduces the possibility of lateral seepage, and thus improves the accuracy and consistency of the permeability coefficient measurement.

[0069] Furthermore, the double-ring knife system 2 includes a distance measuring sensor 2-1, an upper ring knife holder 2-2, and a lower ring knife holder 2-3.

[0070] Distance sensor 2-1: used to accurately measure the height of the water surface in the upper ring knife, so as to calculate the amount of water infiltrating. The precise measurement of this sensor ensures the consistency of the water surface height during the test, thereby maintaining standardized test conditions, reducing human errors, and improving the accuracy of soil permeability coefficient measurement.

[0071] Upper ring knife holder 2-2: Its function is to carry the upper ring knife and keep it in a stable position. By cooperating with the distance sensor 2-1, the upper ring knife holder ensures the precise control of the water surface height to achieve the precise measurement of the amount of seepage water, thereby ensuring the standardization of the test conditions and the accuracy of the data. The stability of the upper ring knife holder is crucial to reduce uneven water flow or lateral leakage.

[0072] Lower ring knife holder 2-3: used to carry the lower ring knife to ensure stable support under the soil sample during the test. The lower ring knife holder not only provides a stable base for the soil sample, but also can adjust the height to accommodate samples of different thicknesses, thereby ensuring consistency of test conditions.

[0073] Furthermore, the water storage part 3 includes a water drop sensor 3-1, a display device 3-2, a water tank 3-3, a water storage tank and a water pump 3-4.

[0074] Water drop sensor 3-1: Responsible for detecting the key time point when the test starts, that is, when the first drop of water begins to penetrate. This sensor can accurately mark the time when the test starts, thereby providing an accurate time reference for subsequent data collection and calculation, ensuring the accuracy of the permeability coefficient measurement.

[0075] Display device 3-2: Real-time display of test data, including water flow, penetration time, and permeability coefficient, etc. The display device enables operators to easily view the current test status through a friendly user interface and monitor key parameters at any time during the test.

[0076] Water tank 3-3: The water tank stores the water used for testing.

[0077] Water tank and water pump 3-4: responsible for providing a continuous and stable water supply for the entire test device. The water tank provides a continuous and stable water supply, and the water pump automatically adjusts the water flow rate and pressure according to the preset program to ensure that the water head remains stable during the test. The function of this part is crucial because it ensures the consistency of water flow in the soil penetration test, thereby improving the reliability of the test results.

[0078] Furthermore, the mainboard compartment 4 is located on the side or back of the device, with a built-in mainboard, power supply (battery) and other key components, responsible for the energy supply, data processing and command execution of the entire device. The function of the mainboard compartment is to manage all automated operations of the device, including receiving data from sensors, controlling the start and stop of water pumps, and realizing wireless transmission of data through Wi-Fi modules. The power supply (battery) in the mainboard compartment ensures that the device can continue to work in different environments, and guarantees the smooth progress of the test through stable power supply and data processing capabilities.

[0079] Preferably, the double ring knife system is a test chamber, the inner ring is used to place the soil sample, and the outer ring is used to prevent lateral seepage. The test chamber is designed with precise water seepage holes to ensure that water can evenly penetrate the soil sample.

[0080] Preferably, the double ring knife system 2: The double ring knife system allows for adjustable size to accommodate soil samples of different types and sizes. The inner wall of the knife ring is designed with scales to facilitate measuring and recording the thickness of the soil sample.

[0081] Preferably, the flow meter and the water pump: Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the flow meter accurately monitors the water flow through the soil sample and transmits the data to the microcontroller in real time. The water pump automatically adds water to the test chamber according to the preset program to maintain a constant water head and ensure the consistency of the test conditions.

[0082] Preferably, the single chip microcomputer control system: Figure 4As shown in the figure, the microcontroller serves as the control center of the entire system, responsible for receiving data from the flow meter, controlling the start and stop of the water pump, and wirelessly transmitting data through the Wi-Fi module ( Figure 4 a, Figure 6 The built-in program of the microcontroller automatically adjusts the test process according to real-time data, including the amount of water added, test time, etc.

[0083] Preferably, the raindrop sensor and the steering gear: The raindrop sensor is used to detect the time point when the first drop of water falls, and this time point marks the beginning of the test. Figure 4 f and Figure 7 As shown, after detecting water drops, the servo is controlled by the microcontroller to move and remove the raindrop sensor to avoid interference with subsequent water flow.

[0084] Preferably, water tank and water supply system: the water tank is designed with sufficient capacity to store the amount of water required for the test. The water supply system includes a water pump and a water pipe to ensure a stable supply of water flow during the test.

[0085] Preferably, display device and user interface: the display device displays the test data in real time, including key parameters such as water flow rate, water head height, etc. The user interface is user-friendly, which facilitates the operator to set test parameters, start the test process and view test results.

[0086] Preferably, the Wi-Fi module and data transmission: Figure 4 a and Figure 6 As shown in Figure 1, the Wi-Fi module enables the MCU to wirelessly send test data and calculation results to the monitoring system or cloud platform. This function not only facilitates remote monitoring and storage of data, but also enables synchronous testing and data comparison in multiple locations.

[0087] Preferably, data processing and analysis: the algorithm built into the microcontroller automatically calculates the soil permeability coefficient based on the flow meter data and the timing information of the raindrop sensor. The calculation results can be displayed instantly or sent to a remote server via the Wi-Fi module for in-depth analysis.

[0088] Example 2

[0089] This embodiment provides a method for using a fully automatic soil permeability coefficient measuring device, which specifically includes:

[0090] 1. Equipment assembly and preparation:

[0091] Place the ring knife in the test chamber. Assemble the test chamber with the double ring knife system to ensure that the inner ring fits tightly with the outer ring and there is no leakage. Fix the flow meter under the test chamber to ensure that its sensor part is in good contact with the soil sample so as to accurately monitor the water flow. Connect the water pump to the water tank and connect the water pump to the test chamber through a water pipe to ensure that the water supply system is unobstructed. Install the raindrop sensor at the predetermined position above the test chamber to ensure that its sensing area covers the soil sample directly above. Install the servo in an appropriate position so that it can quickly move the sensor after the raindrop sensor detects the water drop. Connect the display device to the microcontroller to ensure real-time display of data. Ensure that the connection between the Wi-Fi module and the microcontroller is stable for wireless data transmission.

[0092] 2. Test process settings:

[0093] Set the test parameters through the user interface, including test time, water addition amount, test interval, etc. Start the microcontroller and perform a system self-check to ensure that all sensors and actuators are working properly. Place the soil sample into the inner ring knife as required and adjust the height of the double ring knife to adapt to the thickness of the soil sample.

[0094] 3. Test execution:

[0095] Start the water pump and automatically add water to the test chamber according to the preset program until the predetermined water head height is reached. When the raindrop sensor detects the first drop of water, the microcontroller records this time point as a sign of the start of the test. After receiving the signal from the raindrop sensor, the servo quickly moves the sensor away to avoid interfering with the subsequent water flow. The flow meter continuously monitors the water flow rate and transmits the data to the microcontroller in real time. The microcontroller automatically calculates the soil permeability coefficient based on the flow meter data and the timing information of the raindrop sensor, and adjusts the working state of the water pump in real time to maintain a constant water head.

[0096] 4. Data recording and analysis:

[0097] The display device displays the test data in real time, including key parameters such as water flow, water head height, soil permeability coefficient, etc. The microcontroller sends the test data and calculation results to the remote monitoring system or cloud platform through the Wi-Fi module for remote monitoring and storage of data. After the test, the user can view the final test results through the display device, or download the data from the remote monitoring system for in-depth analysis.

[0098] 5. Equipment maintenance and cleaning:

[0099] After the test is completed, turn off the water pump and all power supplies and disconnect them. Clean the soil sample residue in the test room and perform necessary cleaning and maintenance on the equipment. Check the working status of all sensors and actuators to ensure that the equipment can work normally during the next test.

[0100] Example 3

[0101] This embodiment provides a fully automatic soil permeability coefficient determination method, which is as follows:

[0102] 1. Measurement principle

[0103] The determination of soil permeability is based on the flow characteristics of water through saturated soil. Its principle can be described by Darcy's law. Darcy's law shows that the water flow rate in the soil is proportional to the water pressure gradient, and the relationship is:

[0104] V=K·I

[0105] Where: V is the infiltration velocity (unit: cm / s), which indicates the amount of water passing through the soil cross section per second; K is the permeability coefficient (unit: cm / s), which indicates the amount of water passing through a unit cross-sectional area per unit time under a unit water pressure gradient; I is the water pressure gradient (dimensionless), which refers to the water pressure drop per unit distance.

[0106] In actual measurement, the soil permeability coefficient can be calculated by continuously monitoring and recording water flow and water head height. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0107] Q=V·A·t=K·I·A·t

[0108] Where: Q is the amount of water that penetrates through cross-sectional area A in time t; A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the soil sample; t is the test time.

[0109] 2. Equipment Assembly and Preparation

[0110] Place the ring knife in the test chamber. Assemble the test chamber with the double ring knife system to ensure that the inner ring fits tightly with the outer ring and there is no leakage. Fix the flow meter under the test chamber to ensure that its sensor part is in good contact with the soil sample so as to accurately monitor the water flow. Connect the water pump to the water tank and connect the water pump to the test chamber through a water pipe to ensure that the water supply system is unobstructed. Install the raindrop sensor at the predetermined position above the test chamber to ensure that its sensing area covers the soil sample directly above. Install the servo in an appropriate position so that it can quickly move the sensor after the raindrop sensor detects the water drop. Connect the display device to the microcontroller to ensure real-time display of data. Ensure that the connection between the Wi-Fi module and the microcontroller is stable for wireless data transmission.

[0111] 3. Test process settings

[0112] Set the test parameters through the user interface, including test time, water addition amount, test interval, etc. Start the microcontroller and perform a system self-check to ensure that all sensors and actuators are working properly. Place the soil sample into the inner ring knife as required and adjust the height of the double ring knife to adapt to the thickness of the soil sample.

[0113] 4. Test Execution

[0114] Start the water pump and automatically add water to the test chamber according to the preset program until the predetermined water head height is reached. When the raindrop sensor detects the first drop of water, the microcontroller records this time point as a sign of the start of the test. After receiving the signal from the raindrop sensor, the servo quickly moves the sensor away to avoid interfering with the subsequent water flow. The flow meter continuously monitors the water flow rate and transmits the data to the microcontroller in real time. The microcontroller automatically calculates the soil permeability coefficient based on the flow meter data and the timing information of the raindrop sensor, and adjusts the working state of the water pump in real time to maintain a constant water head.

[0115] 5. Data Recording and Analysis

[0116] The display device displays the test data in real time, including key parameters such as water flow, water head height, soil permeability coefficient, etc. The microcontroller sends the test data and calculation results to the remote monitoring system or cloud platform through the Wi-Fi module for remote monitoring and storage of data. After the test, the user can view the final test results through the display device, or download the data from the remote monitoring system for in-depth analysis.

[0117] 6. Equipment maintenance and cleaning

[0118] After the test is completed, turn off the water pump and all power supplies and disconnect them. Clean the soil sample residue in the test room and perform necessary cleaning and maintenance on the equipment. Check the working status of all sensors and actuators to ensure that the equipment can work normally during the next test.

[0119] Example 4

[0120] This paper conducted actual tests using a fully automatic soil permeability coefficient measuring device, and compared the results with the traditional manual method to verify the advantages of the device in terms of accuracy, efficiency and ease of operation.

[0121] 1. Purpose of the experiment

[0122] The main purpose of Example 4 is to evaluate the actual performance of the fully automatic soil permeability coefficient determination device and compare it with traditional manual determination methods (such as the ring knife method and the double ring method). Specifically, the experiment will focus on the following aspects: (1) the accuracy of data measurement, (2) the efficiency of the test process, (3) the simplicity of operation, and (4) the degree of automation of data recording and analysis.

[0123] 2. Experimental apparatus and materials

[0124] Fully automatic measuring device ( Fig. 9 ): including test chamber, double ring knife system, flow meter, single chip control system, water pump, raindrop sensor, servo, water tank, display device and Wi-Fi module.

[0125] Traditional measurement method and equipment: including traditional soil permeability coefficient measurement tools such as ring cutter, measuring cylinder, beaker, stopwatch, etc.

[0126] Soil samples: Original soil samples from the same plot were selected to ensure the comparability of the tests conducted by the two methods.

[0127] 3. Determination steps using the fully automatic device of this application

[0128] (1) Equipment assembly and startup: Assemble and start the fully automatic soil permeability coefficient determination device according to the above steps. Set the test parameters (such as test time and water addition amount) through the user interface.

[0129] (2) Automated testing process:

[0130] Start the water pump to automatically add water to the test chamber to reach the predetermined water head height. After the raindrop sensor detects the first drop of water, the test start time is recorded. The flow meter monitors the water flow in real time, and the data is automatically transmitted to the microcontroller, which automatically calculates the permeability coefficient.

[0131] (3) Data recording and analysis:

[0132] Display and store test data in real time, and send the data to the remote monitoring system via the Wi-Fi module. After the test is completed, the system automatically generates a data report for users to download and analyze.

[0133] (4) Equipment cleaning and maintenance:

[0134] After testing is complete, shut down the equipment, clean the test room, and perform routine maintenance on the equipment.

[0135] 4. Determination steps using traditional methods

[0136] (1) Preparation and sampling: Soil samples are sampled and prepared using the ring knife method or double ring method. In the laboratory, the sample is immersed in water for a period of time determined by the soil type.

[0137] (2) Manual test process: During the predetermined test time, water is added manually and the amount of water and penetration time are recorded each time. The permeability coefficient is calculated using a manual calculation formula.

[0138] (3) Data recording and analysis: All test data are manually recorded and subsequently analyzed and processed manually.

[0139] 5. Comparison of experimental results

[0140] pass Figure 8 It can be seen intuitively from the experimental results that the fully automatic soil permeability coefficient measuring device has significant advantages in the following aspects:

[0141] (1) Accuracy: The fully automatic device can more accurately monitor water flow and penetration time through high-precision sensors and automated control systems, ensuring high accuracy and consistency of measurement results. Traditional methods rely on manual operation and are easily affected by human factors, resulting in large measurement errors.

[0142] (2) Efficiency: The fully automatic device can run automatically after the parameters are set, reducing human intervention and operation time, greatly improving the measurement efficiency. Traditional methods are time-consuming and require multiple manual operations and records.

[0143] (3) Operational convenience:

[0144] The fully automatic device is easy to operate. Users only need to perform simple parameter settings and sample preparation, and the system can complete the complex testing process. The traditional method is complicated to operate and requires multiple manual measurements and records, which is difficult to operate.

[0145] (4) Data Automation and Analysis:

[0146] The fully automatic device supports real-time data recording and wireless transmission, and can generate data reports instantly, facilitating remote monitoring and analysis. Traditional methods rely on manual recording and subsequent manual data processing, which results in inefficient data management.

[0147] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present application, and these should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A fully automatic soil permeability coefficient measuring device, characterized in that: The structure of the measuring device includes: a supporting part 1, a double-ring knife system 2, a water storage part 3 and a mainboard compartment 4; wherein, the supporting part 1 includes an outer frame 1-1 and a transmission structure 1-2; the double-ring knife system 2 includes a distance measuring sensor 2-1, an upper ring knife holder 2-2, and a lower ring knife holder 2-3; the water storage part 3 includes a water drop sensor 3-1, a display device 3-2, a water tank 3-3, a water storage tank and a water pump 3-4.

2. A fully automatic soil permeability coefficient measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer frame 1-1 provides a supporting structure for the entire device to ensure stable installation of various components; the transmission structure 1-2 is used to adjust the vertical movement of the upper ring knife and the lower ring knife so that the two can fit closely, ensuring that a standardized penetration path is formed during the test.

3. A fully automatic soil permeability coefficient measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mainboard compartment 4 is located on the side or back of the device, and has a built-in mainboard and power supply, which are responsible for the energy supply, data processing and instruction execution of the entire device.

4. A fully automatic soil permeability coefficient measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The double-ring knife system 2 of the device is located in the core test chamber part of the device, and includes the following components: a distance sensor 2-1: installed on the upper part of the double-ring knife system, used to monitor the water level in the upper ring knife in real time, ensure the consistency of the water head height during the test, and provide reliable data for the accurate calculation of the soil permeability coefficient; an upper ring knife holder 2-2: carries the upper ring knife, maintains its stable position, and cooperates with the distance sensor to ensure the standardization of the water level; a lower ring knife holder 2-3: carries the lower ring knife, provides stable support for the soil sample, and prevents sample displacement or lateral seepage from affecting the test results; an inner ring and an outer ring: the inner ring is used to place the soil sample, and the outer ring is used to prevent lateral seepage, and To ensure that moisture passes through the soil sample evenly, the system works with the following components to achieve automation functions: Water pump 3-4: provides a continuous and stable water source, maintains a constant water head according to the instructions of the single-chip microcomputer, and the flow meter monitors the water flow through the soil sample in real time. The data is transmitted and recorded through the single-chip microcomputer; Water tank 3-3: provides sufficient water to meet the test requirements; Display device 3-2: displays test data such as water flow, head height and permeability coefficient in real time to facilitate operator monitoring; Control module 4: manages the coordinated work of sensors and actuators through the single-chip microcomputer to achieve test automation, and realizes wireless transmission and remote storage of data through the Wi-Fi module.

5. A fully automatic soil permeability coefficient measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water drop sensor 3-1 is used to detect the key time point at the beginning of the test, that is, the time when the first drop of water penetrates, and transmits the signal to the single-chip microcomputer; the display device 3-2 displays the test data in real time, including water flow, penetration time and penetration coefficient; the water supply system consists of a water tank and a water pump 3-4 to ensure a continuous and stable water supply for the test.

6. A fully automatic soil permeability coefficient measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raindrop sensor is used to detect the time point when the first drop of water falls, marking the beginning of the test; after detecting the signal, the servo moves the raindrop sensor under the control of the single-chip microcomputer to avoid interference with subsequent water flow; the display device 3-2 displays test data such as water flow, head height and permeability coefficient through the user interface, and supports the setting of test parameters and result query.

7. A fully automatic soil permeability coefficient measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device is equipped with a Wi-Fi module for wireless transmission of test data and calculation results; The microcontroller has a built-in algorithm that automatically calculates the soil permeability coefficient based on the data collected by the flow meter and raindrop sensor. The calculation results can be displayed instantly or sent to a remote server via a Wi-Fi module for storage and analysis, thereby supporting simultaneous testing and data comparison at multiple locations.

8. A fully automatic soil permeability coefficient determination method, characterized in that: Using the fully automatic soil permeability coefficient measuring device described in claim 1, the following method is used for measuring: (1) Setting the measurement formula According to Darcy's law, the water flow and water head height are continuously monitored and recorded, and the soil permeability coefficient is calculated. The specific calculation formula is: Q = V·A·t = K·I·A·t; where: Q is the amount of water that penetrates through the cross-sectional area A within time t; A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the soil sample; t is the test time; (2) Equipment assembly and preparation Place the ring knife in the test chamber and assemble the test chamber with the double ring knife system to ensure that the inner ring and the outer ring fit tightly and there is no leakage; fix the flow meter under the test chamber to ensure that its sensor part is in good contact with the soil sample so as to accurately monitor the water flow; connect the water pump to the water tank and connect the water pump to the test chamber through a water pipe to ensure that the water supply system is unobstructed; install the raindrop sensor at the predetermined position above the test chamber to ensure that its sensing area covers the top of the soil sample; install the servo in an appropriate position so that it can quickly move the sensor after the raindrop sensor detects water drops; connect the display device to the microcontroller to ensure real-time display of data; ensure that the connection between the Wi-Fi module and the microcontroller is stable for wireless data transmission; (3) Test process settings Set the test parameters through the user interface, including test time, water addition amount, test interval, etc., start the microcontroller, perform system self-check, and ensure that all sensors and actuators are working properly; put the soil sample into the inner ring knife as required, and adjust the height of the double ring knife to adapt to the thickness of the soil sample; (4) Test execution Start the water pump and automatically add water to the test chamber according to the preset program until the predetermined water head height is reached; when the raindrop sensor detects the first drop of water, the single-chip microcomputer records this time point as a sign of the start of the test; after receiving the signal from the raindrop sensor, the servo quickly moves the sensor away to avoid interfering with the subsequent water flow; the flow meter continuously monitors the water flow rate and transmits the data to the single-chip microcomputer in real time. The single-chip microcomputer automatically calculates the soil permeability coefficient based on the data from the flow meter and the timing information of the raindrop sensor, and adjusts the working state of the water pump in real time to maintain a constant water head; (5) Data recording and analysis The display device displays the test data in real time, including key parameters such as water flow, water head height, soil permeability coefficient, etc. The single-chip computer sends the test data and calculation results to the remote monitoring system or cloud platform through the Wi-Fi module for remote monitoring and storage of data. After the test, the user can view the final test results through the display device, or download the data from the remote monitoring system for in-depth analysis; (6) Equipment maintenance and cleaning After the test is completed, turn off the water pump and all power supplies, disconnect them, clean the soil sample residues in the test room, perform necessary cleaning and maintenance on the equipment, check the working status of all sensors and actuators, and ensure that the equipment can work normally during the next test.

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