Ice collision simulation test device and test method

Abstract

The invention discloses an ice collision simulation test device, which comprises a test model, a bottom base, a wooden tool and a ballast head tool, and is characterized in that during a test, the test model is arranged between the bottom base and the wooden tool, so that the bottom base is connected with a boat body model, and the wooden tool is connected with a surrounding shell model, and the test stability is ensured; the ballast head tool is arranged at the top of the wooden tool and can be connected with external loading equipment, the external loading equipment is utilized to apply a downward load to the ballast head tool, and the wooden tool transmits a load effect to the test model; the method is used for simulating the ice load effect of the enclosure structure of the submarine to be analyzed in the upward-floating icebreaking process, and the structural damage of the enclosure structure under the upward-floating icebreaking working condition can be well simulated. The invention also provides a simulated ice-collision test method which utilizes the simulated ice-collision test device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ship-ice collision tests, and in particular to a simulated ice collision test device and a test method. Background Art

[0002] The polar regions have a special geographical environment and are covered by thick ice all year round. Therefore, in order to be competent for combat missions in polar regions, submarines need to have the ability to surface and break through ice when encountering special working conditions. However, during the process of surfacing and breaking ice, submarines are bound to collide with thick ice, causing damage to the submarine structure and affecting the safety of the structure itself, thus threatening the safety of the submarine and the personnel on board. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a systematic research method for submarine surfacing and breaking ice, so as to form a mature theory and provide a certain reference for the submarine surfacing and breaking ice process.

[0003] Sea ice is one of the indispensable elements in the submarine typical structure surfacing icebreaking test. Sea ice sampling and ice making are both important means of obtaining sea ice, but sea ice sampling is subject to greater constraints of seasons and environment, and the existing ice making methods cannot achieve the production of sea ice with specific mechanical properties. Due to the influence of the geographical environment, the structure of sea ice in polar regions is complex. At this stage, neither sea ice sampling nor ice making can form an ideal similarity with the sea ice in polar regions. Therefore, it is very necessary to select other materials that can replace sea ice in the test and design test tooling to carry out simulated ice collision tests. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a simulated ice collision test device and test method to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned related technologies, reduce the difficulty of submarine ice collision tests, and provide convenient conditions for the simulation analysis of structural damage under submarine surfacing and icebreaking conditions.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a simulated ice collision test device, comprising:

[0007] A test model, wherein the test model can simulate the submarine to be analyzed, and the test model comprises a hull model and a shell model, the two are connected, and the shell model is located on top of the hull model;

[0008] A bottom base, the bottom base is located at the bottom of the test model, and the bottom base is detachably connected to the hull model;

[0009] Wooden tooling, the wooden tooling is made of wood, the wooden tooling is arranged on the top of the enclosure model, and the two are detachably connected;

[0010] The ballast head tooling is located on the top of the wooden tooling and the two are connected. The ballast head tooling can be connected to an external loading device to load the hull model through the wooden tooling to simulate the ice load effect that the submarine to be analyzed is subjected to during the surfacing and icebreaking process.

[0011] Preferably, the bottom base comprises a bottom plate, side plates, vertical plates and a curved plate, a plurality of the side plates are arranged in parallel on the bottom plate, the vertical plates are arranged between adjacent side plates, a plurality of the curved plates are arranged at intervals on the top of the side plates, the curvature of the curved plates matches the curvature of the hull model, and the curved plates offset the hull model.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom base also includes an intermediate support plate and a model fixing plate, the intermediate support plate is arranged between adjacent side plates and connected to the middle of the side plates, the model fixing plate is arranged between two adjacent side plates at the edge, and the model fixing plate can be detachably connected to the hull model.

[0013] Preferably, the wooden tooling is a plate-like structure, and the plate surface area of ​​the wooden tooling is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the enclosure model.

[0014] Preferably, the wooden tooling is a multi-layer plate structure, and the wooden tooling comprises a plurality of wooden boards, and the plurality of wooden boards are stacked.

[0015] Preferably, the ballast head tooling includes a bottom connecting plate, an actuating connecting plate and a toggle plate, the bottom connecting plate can be detachably connected to the wooden tooling, the actuating connecting plate can be connected to the external loading device, the toggle plate connects the bottom connecting plate and the actuating connecting plate, and the toggle plate is perpendicular to the bottom connecting plate and the actuating connecting plate.

[0016] Preferably, the bracket comprises a transverse bracket and a longitudinal bracket, and the transverse bracket is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal bracket.

[0017] Preferably, the bottom base and the hull model, the wooden tooling and the hull model, the wooden tooling and the ballast head tooling, and the ballast head tooling and the external loading device are all connected by bolts.

[0018] Preferably, the bottom base can be fixed to the test foundation;

[0019] A flexible protective structure layer is arranged between the bottom base and the hull model, and the flexible protective structure layer is made of elastic material.

[0020] The present invention also provides a simulated ice impact test method, which utilizes the above-mentioned simulated ice impact test device and includes the following steps: fixing the test model between the bottom base and the wooden tooling, and leveling the test model; connecting the ballast head tooling with the external loading device, the external loading device applies a downward load to the ballast head tooling, and using the wooden tooling to load the test model to simulate the ice load effect on the submarine to be analyzed during the surfacing and icebreaking process.

[0021] Compared with the related art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects: the simulated ice collision test device of the present invention comprises a test model, a bottom base, a wooden tooling and a ballast head tooling, wherein the test model can simulate the submarine to be analyzed, the test model comprises a hull model and a shell model, the two are connected and the shell model is located on the top of the hull model; the bottom base is located at the bottom of the test model, and the bottom base is detachably connected to the hull model; the wooden tooling is made of wood, the wooden tooling is arranged on the top of the shell model, and the two are detachably connected; the ballast head tooling is located on the top of the wooden tooling and the two are connected, the ballast head tooling can be connected to an external loading device to load the shell model through the wooden tooling, so as to simulate the ice load effect received by the submarine to be analyzed during the process of floating and breaking ice.

[0022] The simulated ice collision test device of the present invention, when conducting the test, places the test model between the bottom base and the wooden tooling, connects the bottom base to the hull model, connects the wooden tooling to the hull model, ensures the test stability, and the ballast head tooling is arranged on the top of the wooden tooling, and the ballast head tooling can be connected to the external loading device, and the external loading device is used to apply a downward load to the ballast head tooling, and the load is transmitted to the test model through the wooden tooling to simulate the ice load effect of the hull structure of the submarine to be analyzed during the floating and icebreaking process, and can better simulate the structural damage of the hull structure under the floating and icebreaking working condition. Using the simulated ice collision test device of the present invention, wood is used instead of ice material to carry out the floating and icebreaking structure damage test, so as to more accurately simulate the structural damage form, and the test data obtained through the test can be used to evaluate the safety of the hull structure, provide a reference basis for the prediction of the ultimate bearing capacity of the hull structure, and reduce the difficulty of the simulated ice collision test.

[0023] The present invention also provides a simulated ice impact test method. By using the above-mentioned simulated ice impact test device, the simulated ice impact test method of the present invention can naturally also achieve the above-mentioned beneficial effects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or related technologies, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a simulated ice impact test device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the bottom base of the simulated ice impact test device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of a wooden tooling of an ice collision simulation test device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a ballast head tooling of an ice collision simulation test device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 A comparison diagram of simulation numerical calculation results of a submarine prototype to be analyzed and a scaled model of a test model in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a comparison chart of the simulation calculation results of the ice-breaking condition disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention and the loading simulation calculation results of the simulated ice-impact test device.

[0031] In the figure: 100, a simulated ice impact test device;

[0032] 1. Test model; 101. Hull model; 102. Shell model;

[0033] 2. Bottom base; 201. Bottom plate; 202. Side plate; 203. Large vertical plate; 204. Small vertical plate; 205. Curved plate; 206. Middle support plate; 207. Model fixing plate;

[0034] 3. Wooden workwear; 301. Wooden boards;

[0035] 4. Ballast head tooling; 401. Bottom connecting plate; 402. Actuating connecting plate; 403. Horizontal bracket; 404. Longitudinal bracket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a simulated ice collision test device and test method to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned related technologies, reduce the difficulty of submarine ice collision tests, and provide convenient conditions for the simulation analysis of structural damage under submarine surfacing and icebreaking conditions.

[0038] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] Embodiment 1

[0040] This embodiment provides a simulated ice collision test device, please refer to Figure 1-Figure 6 , including a test model 1, a bottom base 2, a wooden tooling 3 and a ballast head tooling 4, wherein the test model 1 can simulate the submarine to be analyzed, and the test model 1 includes a hull model 101 and a shell model 102, the two are connected and the shell model 102 is located on the top of the hull model 101; the bottom base 2 is located at the bottom of the test model 1, and the bottom base 2 is detachably connected to the hull model 101; the wooden tooling 3 is made of wood, the wooden tooling 3 is arranged on the top of the shell model 102, and the two are detachably connected; the ballast head tooling 4 is located on the top of the wooden tooling 3 and the two are connected, and the ballast head tooling 4 can be connected to an external loading device to load the shell model 102 through the wooden tooling 3, so as to simulate the ice load effect received by the submarine to be analyzed during the process of floating and breaking ice.

[0041] The simulated ice collision test device 100 of the present invention, when conducting the test, places the test model 1 between the bottom base 2 and the wooden tooling 3, connects the bottom base 2 with the hull model 101, connects the wooden tooling 3 with the hull model 102, ensures the test stability, and the ballast head tooling 4 is arranged on the top of the wooden tooling 3, and the ballast head tooling 4 can be connected with the external loading device, and the external loading device is used to apply a downward load to the ballast head tooling 4, and the load is transmitted to the test model 1 through the wooden tooling 3, so as to simulate the ice load effect of the hull structure of the submarine to be analyzed during the floating and icebreaking process, and can better simulate the structural damage of the hull structure under the floating and icebreaking working condition. Using the simulated ice collision test device 100 of the present invention, wood is used instead of ice material to carry out the floating and icebreaking structure damage test, so as to more accurately simulate the structural damage form, and the test data obtained by the test can be used to evaluate the safety of the hull structure, provide a reference basis for the prediction of the ultimate bearing capacity of the hull structure, and reduce the difficulty of the simulated ice collision test.

[0042] It should also be noted that in this specific embodiment, due to the large structural size of the submarine to be analyzed, the test model 1 in this specific embodiment is tested at a scale ratio of 1:10. In the simulated ice collision test, the selection of wooden tooling 3 that can replace sea ice also needs to be determined and manufactured through numerical calculations.

[0043] The collision response under the collision load includes deformation w, strain ε, collision force F and energy E a These response parameters and input parameters include the impact velocity v 0 , material density ρ of the outer plate, plate thickness h, structural dimension L, yield stress σ of the material y , ice material density ρ 冰 , ice thickness r, bending strength of ice material σ b , time t. Select a specific basic dimension, and non-dimensionalize other parameters according to the π theorem to obtain various π terms.

[0044]

[0045] In order to make the structural response of the test model 1 similar to that of the submarine to be analyzed, according to the similarity theory, it is necessary to ensure that π i m =π i p Assuming that the prototype of the submarine to be analyzed has similar dimensions and plate thickness to the scaled test model 1, we have:

[0046]

[0047] Where β is the scale ratio, the superscript m represents the model, and p represents the prototype of the submarine to be analyzed.

[0048] Assuming the materials are the same, we have:

[0049]

[0050] Depend on It can be inferred

[0051] It can be further deduced that

[0052] So far, it is ensured that all corresponding independent variable π items of the submarine prototype to be analyzed and the test model 1 are equal. Similar to the above derivation process, the dependent variable π item is also derived, and then:

[0053]

[0054] The similarity relationship between the variables of the experimental model 1 and the submarine prototype to be analyzed is shown in the following table:

[0055]

[0056]

[0057] After determining the similarity relationship, the calculation results of the submarine prototype to be analyzed and the test model 1 are compared through numerical simulation calculation, as shown in Figure 1. Figure 5 As shown, the rationality of establishing similarity relationship is verified.

[0058] According to the structural damage mode of ice-breaking conditions, materials similar to ice are selected as loading materials, a large number of numerical simulation calculations are carried out, and the structural response calculation results are compared to select the appropriate loading materials. Numerical simulation calculations of different loading methods are carried out, and the appropriate loading method is selected based on the constraints of the test conditions. Figure 6 As shown, there is a comparison between the loading results of the wooden tooling 3 and the calculation results of the icebreaking condition. The results show that the damage form of the model loaded with the wooden tooling 3 is similar to that of the icebreaking condition in all response parameters, and the corresponding icebreaking condition can be simulated.

[0059] Based on the determination of the model constraints and the loading method, the design of the simulated ice impact test device 100 is carried out, and the strength of the simulated ice impact test device 100 is checked to complete the loading design of the simulated ice impact test device 100 corresponding to the simulation.

[0060] The bottom base 2 includes a bottom plate 201, side plates 202, vertical plates and curved plates 205. A plurality of side plates 202 are arranged in parallel on the bottom plate 201. The side plates 202 are arranged perpendicular to the bottom plate 201. Vertical plates are arranged between adjacent side plates 202. The vertical plates include large vertical plates 203 with higher heights and small vertical plates 204 with lower heights. A small vertical plate 204 is arranged between the two groups of side plates 202 at the edge. The side plates 202 located in the middle are connected by large vertical plates 203. The structural strength of the bottom base 2 is ensured without affecting the installation of the test model 1. A plurality of curved plates 205 are arranged at intervals on the top of the side plates 202. The curvature of the curved plates 205 matches the curvature of the hull model 101, and the curved plates 205 offset the hull model 101, so that the bottom base 2 can provide stable support for the test model 1 and ensure the structural reliability of the simulated ice collision test device 100.

[0061] It should also be noted that the bottom base 2 also includes an intermediate support plate 206 and a model fixing plate 207. The intermediate support plate 206 is arranged between adjacent side plates 202 and connected to the middle of the side plates 202 to further enhance the structural strength of the bottom base 2 and provide stable support for the test model 1. The model fixing plate 207 is arranged between the adjacent two side plates 202 at the edge. The model fixing plate 207 can be detachably connected to the hull model 101. The provision of the model fixing plate 207 further facilitates the fixation of the test model 1 and improves the ease of operation of the device.

[0062] Specifically, the wooden tooling 3 is a plate-shaped structure, and the plate surface area of ​​the wooden tooling 3 is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the enclosure model 102 , so as to ensure the stability and reliability of the device in applying load to the test model 1 .

[0063] More specifically, the wooden tool 3 is a multi-layer plate structure, and the wooden tool 3 includes a plurality of wooden boards 301, and the plurality of wooden boards 301 have the same structure and are stacked. In this specific embodiment, the wooden tool 3 includes two stacked wooden boards 301 of the same shape. In actual applications, the number of wooden boards 301 can also be adjusted according to actual working conditions to meet different test requirements.

[0064] Furthermore, the ballast head tooling 4 includes a bottom connecting plate 401, an actuating connecting plate 402 and an elbow plate. The bottom connecting plate 401 can be detachably connected to the wooden tooling 3, the actuating connecting plate 402 can be connected to an external loading device, the elbow plate connects the bottom connecting plate 401 and the actuating connecting plate 402, and the elbow plate is perpendicular to the bottom connecting plate 401 and the actuating connecting plate 402. The ballast head tooling 4 is provided to facilitate the external loading device to load the wooden tooling 3. The ballast head tooling 4 is provided with an elbow plate between the bottom connecting plate 401 and the actuating connecting plate 402, which improves the structural strength of the ballast head tooling 4 and ensures the smooth transfer of the load. It should also be explained here that the external loading device can select an actuating cylinder or other types of loading devices to meet different test loading requirements.

[0065] The toggle plate includes a transverse toggle plate 403 and a longitudinal toggle plate 404. The transverse toggle plate 403 is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal toggle plate 404, which further improves the structural strength of the ballast head fixture 4 and ensures the working reliability of the test device.

[0066] In practical applications, the bottom base 2 and the hull model 101, the wooden tooling 3 and the hull model 102, the wooden tooling 3 and the ballast head tooling 4, and the ballast head tooling 4 and the external loading equipment can all be connected by bolts. The connection is tight and the disassembly and assembly are convenient, which is conducive to improving the operation convenience of the test device and improving the test efficiency.

[0067] It should also be noted that the bottom base 2 can be fixed on a test foundation, which can be a ground rail for easy movement. The test foundation can also be a component or installation foundation selected according to specific test requirements.

[0068] Furthermore, a flexible protective structure layer is arranged between the bottom base 2 and the hull model 101. The flexible protective structure layer is made of elastic material, such as rubber and other materials. The test model 1 is arranged on the flexible protective structure layer, and the test model 1 is fixed to the bottom base 2 by bolt connection to ensure the rigid fixed constraint condition of the bottom of the test model 1 and ensure the smooth progress of the test.

[0069] Embodiment 2

[0070] The present embodiment provides a simulated ice impact test method, using the simulated ice impact test device 100 of the first embodiment, including the following steps: fixing the test model 1 between the bottom base 2 and the wooden tooling 3, and leveling the test model 1; connecting the ballast head tooling 4 to the external loading device, the external loading device applies a downward load to the ballast head tooling 4, and using the wooden tooling 3 to load the test model 1 to simulate the ice load effect on the submarine to be analyzed during the surfacing and icebreaking process.

[0071] The simulated ice-impact test method of the present invention utilizes wood instead of ice material to conduct a floating icebreaking structure damage test, thereby more accurately simulating the form of structural damage. The test data obtained through the test can be used to evaluate the safety of the enclosure structure, provide a reference basis for predicting the ultimate bearing capacity of the enclosure structure, and at the same time reduce the difficulty of the simulated ice-impact test.

[0072] Before the test is carried out, the test model 1 is leveled to ensure the correct force position of the top area of ​​the test model 1 and improve the test accuracy.

[0073] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulated ice impact test device, characterized in that: include: A test model, wherein the test model can simulate the submarine to be analyzed, and the test model comprises a hull model and a shell model, the two are connected, and the shell model is located on top of the hull model; A bottom base, the bottom base is located at the bottom of the test model, and the bottom base is detachably connected to the hull model; Wooden tooling, the wooden tooling is made of wood, the wooden tooling is arranged on the top of the enclosure model, and the two are detachably connected; The ballast head tooling is located on the top of the wooden tooling and the two are connected. The ballast head tooling can be connected to an external loading device to load the hull model through the wooden tooling to simulate the ice load effect that the submarine to be analyzed is subjected to during the surfacing and icebreaking process.

2. The simulated ice impact test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom base includes a bottom plate, side plates, vertical plates and a curved plate. A plurality of the side plates are arranged in parallel on the bottom plate, the vertical plates are arranged between adjacent side plates, a plurality of the curved plates are arranged at intervals on the top of the side plates, the curvature of the curved plates matches the curvature of the hull model, and the curved plates offset the hull model.

3. The ice impact simulation test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom base also includes an intermediate support plate and a model fixing plate, wherein the intermediate support plate is arranged between adjacent side plates and connected to the middle of the side plates, and the model fixing plate is arranged between two adjacent side plates at the edge, and the model fixing plate can be detachably connected to the hull model.

4. The simulated ice impact test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wooden tooling is a plate-like structure, and the plate surface area of ​​the wooden tooling is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the enclosure model.

5. The simulated ice impact test device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The wooden tooling is a multi-layer plate structure, and the wooden tooling comprises a plurality of wooden boards, and the plurality of wooden boards are stacked.

6. The simulated ice impact test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ballast head tooling includes a bottom connecting plate, an actuating connecting plate and a toggle plate. The bottom connecting plate can be detachably connected to the wooden tooling, the actuating connecting plate can be connected to the external loading device, the toggle plate connects the bottom connecting plate and the actuating connecting plate, and the toggle plate is perpendicular to the bottom connecting plate and the actuating connecting plate.

7. The simulated ice impact test device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bracket includes a transverse bracket and a longitudinal bracket, and the transverse bracket is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal bracket.

8. The ice impact simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom base and the hull model, the wooden tooling and the hull model, the wooden tooling and the ballast head tooling, and the ballast head tooling and the external loading device are all connected by bolts.

9. The ice impact simulation test device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The bottom base can be fixed on the test foundation; A flexible protective structure layer is arranged between the bottom base and the hull model, and the flexible protective structure layer is made of elastic material.

10. A simulated ice impact test method, characterized in that: The simulated ice-impact test device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: fixing the test model between the bottom base and the wooden tooling, and leveling the test model; connecting the ballast head tooling with the external loading device, the external loading device applying a downward load to the ballast head tooling, and loading the test model using the wooden tooling to simulate the ice load effect on the submarine to be analyzed during the surfacing and icebreaking process.

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