Highway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection and implementation method

Abstract

The invention discloses an expressway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection and an implementation method, and belongs to the technical field of resistivity measurement. The monitoring system comprises a data acquisition and transmission system and a central monitoring station; the data acquisition and transmission system is composed of a network and a relay station, the network is composed of a plurality of widely distributed ground resistivity sensors, each ground resistivity sensor comprises an electrode group, a signal processing module, a power supply module and a data transmission module, and the electrode group is connected with the signal processing module. The power supply module is connected with the signal processing module and the data transmission module, and the data transmission module is connected with the signal processing module, the relay station and the central monitoring station. By adopting the highway monitoring system, through the widely distributed ground resistivity sensor network, each road section of the highway is ensured to be comprehensively monitored, and long-distance and long-time monitoring of the highway is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of resistivity measurement, and in particular to a highway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection and an implementation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern transportation infrastructure, structural health monitoring of highways has become particularly important. Effective monitoring not only ensures the safe operation of highways, but also reduces maintenance costs and extends their service life. However, traditional monitoring methods such as manual inspections, visual inspections, and vibration monitoring have many shortcomings. For example, manual inspections and visual inspections often fail to detect hidden structural problems in a timely manner and have limited coverage, especially on long highways. While vibration monitoring can provide certain structural health information, it also has limitations in detection accuracy and data interpretation. Furthermore, traditional methods often require high labor costs and cannot meet the needs of modern highways for real-time, comprehensive monitoring.

[0003] Ground resistivity detection technology is a method of monitoring the status of underground structures by measuring changes in ground resistivity. This technology can reflect moisture, corrosion, and other changes in underground structures, thereby indirectly assessing the health of highway structures. Although ground resistivity detection technology has strong application potential, it still faces some challenges in practical applications, especially in long-distance and long-term monitoring. First, the equipment layout is complex, and a large number of sensors need to be deployed in the monitoring area, which not only increases the installation and maintenance costs of the equipment, but may also interfere with traffic. Secondly, data collection and transmission face difficulties. Signal attenuation and data transmission delays in long-distance monitoring will affect the real-time and accuracy of monitoring results. Finally, environmental interference such as climate change and changes in geological conditions may have a significant impact on resistivity data, further increasing the complexity of data processing.

[0004] Therefore, a new type of ground resistivity monitoring system is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a highway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection and its implementation method, so as to improve the shortcomings of the existing technology such as limited monitoring range, poor real-time performance, high investment cost and great environmental impact.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a highway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection, including a data acquisition and transmission system and a central monitoring station. The data acquisition and transmission system is composed of a network composed of several widely distributed ground resistivity sensors and a relay station. The ground resistivity sensor includes an electrode group, a signal processing module, a power supply module and a data transmission module. The electrode group is connected to the signal processing module, the power supply module is connected to the signal processing module and the data transmission module, and the data transmission module is connected to the signal processing module, the relay station and the central monitoring station.

[0007] Preferably, the electrode group consists of an H(C) electrode, an E electrode and an S(P) electrode, all of which are made of corrosion-resistant and anti-interference materials. The spacing between the electrodes is adjusted according to the monitoring requirements and the geological characteristics of the monitored section. The H(C) electrode is used to apply an AC voltage to the ground, the E electrode serves as a reference electrode for measuring current, and the S(P) electrode is used to measure voltage.

[0008] Preferably, the signal processing module includes one or more high-precision operational amplifiers, filters and analog-to-digital converters, wherein the operational amplifiers are used to amplify the signals received from the electrodes; the filters are used to eliminate environmental noise and electromagnetic interference; and the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is used to convert analog signals into digital signals.

[0009] Preferably, the filter is a bandpass filter with an operating frequency range of 10 Hz to 1 kHz.

[0010] Preferably, the power supply module includes a solar cell panel, a battery and a charge controller. The power supply module is installed as a whole in a protective shell near the highway pavement, and the solar cell is installed on a bracket near the highway.

[0011] Preferably, the data transmission module includes a low-power wide area network module and a microcontroller, the low-power wide area network module is used for long-distance, low-power data transmission, and the microcontroller is used to manage the operation of the data transmission module and is responsible for sending data and receiving remote commands.

[0012] Preferably, the relay station includes a receiver, a data processing module and a communication module. The receiver receives the data transmitted by the data transmission module, and then the data processing module decodes and preliminarily processes the data, and finally transmits the processed data to the central monitoring station through the communication module.

[0013] Preferably, the central monitoring station includes a data receiving unit, a data storage unit, a data analysis unit and an early warning unit. The data receiving unit is used to receive data sent by the relay station; the data storage unit is used to store the received data; the data analysis unit is used to perform real-time analysis on the received data and establish a machine learning model based on historical data to identify potential abnormal situations; the early warning unit is used to generate an alarm and notify the relevant maintenance department for processing when an abnormality is detected.

[0014] Preferably, the alarm content includes a detailed anomaly analysis report, including the location, time, severity, cause and recommended maintenance measures of the anomaly detection. The anomaly analysis report is transmitted to relevant personnel and maintenance departments via email, SMS or other automated interfaces. The generation process of the anomaly analysis report includes automated data analysis and report format generation.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for implementing a highway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection, comprising the following steps: S1. Arrange multiple ground resistivity sensors at key structural locations on the highway. The placement and number of the ground resistivity sensors are optimized based on monitoring requirements and geological conditions. S2, the ground resistivity sensor continuously collects ground resistivity data, and then processes the data in real time through the signal processing module to calculate the current ground resistivity; S3. The data processed by the signal processing module is transmitted to a relay station through a data transmission module. The relay station decodes and preliminarily processes the data, and then transmits the processed data to a central monitoring station. S4. After receiving the data, the central monitoring station performs real-time analysis on the data through the data analysis unit, establishes a machine learning model based on historical data, and identifies abnormal changes and trends; S5. The central monitoring station determines whether there is an abnormal change in the ground resistivity or whether it exceeds a set threshold. When it is detected that the abnormal change in the ground resistivity exceeds the set threshold, an alarm is generated and the alarm is notified to relevant personnel and maintenance departments via SMS, email or application.

[0016] Preferably, the ground resistivity sensor is arranged in two ways: embedded in the roadbed during the highway construction phase, buried under the roadbed, or installed above the road surface by bonding or fixing brackets.

[0017] Preferably, the data collection process in S2 involves regular sampling, data storage and data processing.

[0018] Preferably, the preliminary processing includes removing duplicate data and correcting transmission errors.

[0019] Preferably, the data analysis process in S4 includes data cleaning, feature extraction, model training and trend analysis.

[0020] Preferably, the alarm content includes information such as abnormality type, location, severity, cause and repair suggestions.

[0021] Preferably, the notifying relevant personnel and maintenance departments includes: sending alarm information to vehicles and pedestrians on the road section, and planning a safe exit route and calling for help for them; at the same time, quickly sending the alarm information to relevant maintenance departments and management personnel, providing them with detailed inspection and repair suggestions, and further conducting structural assessments or taking temporary repair measures; finally, conducting continuous inspections on the treated area.

[0022] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned highway monitoring system and implementation method based on ground resistivity detection, which has the following beneficial effects: (1) The monitoring system ensures comprehensive monitoring of every section of the highway through a widely distributed ground resistivity sensor network, meeting the long-term monitoring needs of large-scale infrastructure; (2) Ground resistivity sensors continuously collect data and analyze subtle changes in the ground to identify potential structural problems, such as foundation settlement or cracks. This data is transmitted to the backend system for in-depth analysis and algorithmic processing to predict possible failure modes. (3) The system automatically generates alarms through data analysis, which can promptly detect potential safety hazards such as ground collapse and structural cracks, thereby effectively preventing safety accidents caused by highway structural problems. This not only improves the efficiency and accuracy of detection, but also significantly ensures the safety of public travel on highways.

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of an electrode group of a highway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a signal processing module of a highway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a power supply module of a highway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of a data transmission module of a highway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5This is a structural diagram of a central monitoring station of a highway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a flow chart of data collection for a highway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a flow chart of power transmission of a highway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is an overall architecture diagram of a highway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0027] Example like Figures 1-8 As shown, the present invention provides a long-distance, long-term highway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection. The system includes a data acquisition and transmission system and a central monitoring station. The data acquisition and transmission system consists of a network of widely distributed ground resistivity sensors and relay stations, enabling coverage and monitoring of large-scale highways. During data acquisition, the ground resistivity sensors regularly update resistivity readings and package the data into information packets, which are then uploaded to the relay station via a wireless network. The relay station performs preliminary data processing and then transmits the processed data in real time to the central monitoring station via efficient wireless communication technologies (such as cellular networks, Wi-Fi, or dedicated wireless transmission protocols). To ensure the stability and accuracy of data transmission, the system implements an automatic retransmission mechanism and error checking functions, and uses encryption technology to protect the security of data transmission.

[0028] Ground resistivity sensors consist of an electrode assembly, a signal processing module, a power supply module, and a data transmission module. Each ground resistivity sensor collects resistivity data for the area it covers. These sensors are deployed at key locations on highways, such as lanes, bridges, and tunnels, to ensure comprehensive monitoring.

[0029] The electrode assembly, consisting of an H(C) electrode, an E(E) electrode, and an S(P) electrode, is used to measure ground resistivity and is connected to the signal processing module. The electrodes are made of corrosion-resistant and interference-resistant materials, such as stainless steel or titanium alloy, to ensure long-term stability under various climatic and environmental conditions. The H(C) electrode applies an AC voltage to the ground, the E(E) electrode serves as a reference electrode for measuring current, and the S(P) electrode measures voltage. The ground resistivity is then calculated based on Ohm's law. Changes in ground resistivity reflect changes in ground structure, such as water infiltration or soil expansion.

[0030] The design and layout of the electrodes optimize the accuracy and stability of signal acquisition, allowing them to be buried under the road surface for a long time and withstand vehicle pressure and environmental erosion. The electrode groups are installed at different locations on the highway through precise geometric layout, and multi-point testing is carried out to ensure the stability and consistency of the measurement signals. The layout of the electrode groups takes into account the geological characteristics and road structure. The spacing between the electrodes is adjusted according to the monitoring needs and the geological characteristics of the monitored section to obtain representative ground resistivity data. The electrodes are arranged at a specific spacing to ensure effective coverage of the entire monitoring area. Each electrode is connected to the signal processing module via a wire, and multiple electrode groups arranged along the highway jointly cover the monitoring range.

[0031] The signal processing module includes one or more high-precision operational amplifiers (Op-Amps), filters, and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). It is used to receive voltage and current signals from electrodes, convert them into digital signals after amplification and filtering, and calculate the ground resistivity value. The design of the signal processing module ensures the high precision and high stability of the electrical signals.

[0032] The operational amplifier (Op-Amp) is used to amplify the signal received from the electrode; the filter is a bandpass filter with an operating frequency range of 10Hz to 1kHz, which is used to eliminate environmental noise and electromagnetic interference, ensure the purity of the signal, and thus ensure the accuracy of the ground resistivity measurement; the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is used to convert the analog signal into a digital signal for subsequent processing and transmission.

[0033] The signal processing module receives the collected voltage and current signals from the electrode group, amplifies the signals through a high-precision operational amplifier, and then removes noise interference through a filter. The processed analog signal is converted into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter for further data processing and analysis. The digital signal represents the measured ground resistivity.

[0034] The power module, consisting of a solar panel, battery, and charge controller, is housed in a protective enclosure near the highway pavement and provides a continuous power supply to the sensors. The design of the power module takes into account environmental variations and energy self-sufficiency, ensuring the monitoring system's adaptability.

[0035] Solar panels are typically mounted on brackets near roads to maximize sunlight conditions. They collect solar energy, convert it into electricity, and provide the system's primary power supply. Batteries serve as a backup power source, storing excess energy to ensure continuous power supply at night or during periods of low sunlight or overcast skies. A charge controller manages the energy conversion and storage process between the solar panels and the battery. The power supply module provides continuous and stable power to the signal processing and data transmission modules via wires. This power supply solution not only offers high energy independence but also reduces reliance on external power sources, making it suitable for long-term monitoring needs in a variety of environmental conditions.

[0036] The data transmission module consists of a low-power wide area network (LPWAN) module and a microcontroller. It connects to the signal processing module, relay stations, and central monitoring station. It receives the digital signals processed by the signal processing module and transmits the data to the relay station using LPWAN technology. The data transmission module features low power consumption, making it suitable for extended operation.

[0037] Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) modules utilize LPWAN technologies, such as LoRa or NB-IoT, for long-distance, low-power data transmission. Both LoRa (Long Range Radio) and NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things) are LPWAN technologies characterized by long-distance transmission, low power consumption, and high reliability. A microcontroller manages the operation of the data transmission module, responsible for sending data and receiving remote commands. It controls data collection, processing, and transmission, and supports remote control of sensor operations, including starting and stopping data collection and adjusting sampling frequencies. The use of a microcontroller enhances system flexibility and ease of operation, allowing for remote configuration and adjustment based on actual needs.

[0038] The data transmission module supports multiple wireless communication protocols, such as Wi-Fi, LTE, and NB-IoT, ensuring stable data transmission under various network conditions. Specifically, the data transmission module utilizes Internet of Things (IoT) technology to transmit processed data to a relay station via a wireless communication network. The data transmission module can also receive commands from a central monitoring station to remotely adjust sensor operating parameters.

[0039] The relay station consists of a receiver, a data processing module, and a communication module. After the receiver receives data from each ground resistivity sensor from the data transmission module, the data processing module first decodes and performs preliminary processing on the data, such as removing duplicate data and correcting transmission errors. It also stores the data locally as a backup in case of data loss. The processed data is aggregated and transmitted to a central monitoring station via a higher-bandwidth communication network (such as 4G / 5G). The relay station transmits monitoring results in real time, enabling the central monitoring station to receive and analyze the data promptly and make appropriate maintenance decisions.

[0040] The central monitoring station comprises a data receiving unit, a data storage unit, a data analysis unit, and an early warning unit. Using resistivity sensors deployed at various locations, the central monitoring station receives a large amount of real-time ground resistivity data. The station then cleans the data, removing anomalous data points caused by sensor failure or interference and processing missing values. It then analyzes resistivity fluctuations and abnormal changes, taking into account climate conditions, geographic spatial characteristics, and other factors, to predict trends and risks. The central monitoring station not only monitors and warns of potential safety hazards in real time but also provides data support for subsequent maintenance and management decisions.

[0041] Data receiving unit: responsible for receiving ground resistivity data sent by all relay stations; data storage unit: stores the received data; data analysis unit: based on big data analysis and machine learning technology, performs real-time analysis of the received data, and establishes a machine learning model based on historical data to identify potential abnormal situations; early warning unit: when an abnormality is detected, generates an alarm and notifies the relevant maintenance department for processing.

[0042] The central monitoring station is usually a data center or cloud server, which is used to centrally process data transmitted from various sensors and perform complex data analysis and early warning tasks.

[0043] The central monitoring station will seamlessly connect to mobile devices via a software interface. Utilizing deep learning algorithms, it will focus on identifying and predicting complex data patterns, conducting in-depth data mining to accurately identify and assess road condition anomalies and detect potential risk factors. The central monitoring station will then send warnings to vehicles and pedestrians on the road and plan safe exit routes for them. Simultaneously, the central monitoring station will instantly transmit analysis results to relevant departments, prompting them to take emergency measures and effectively protect public life and property.

[0044] The data processing unit uses a machine learning model based on historical data, including a feedback mechanism. Through adaptive adjustments, the model can identify normal ground resistivity fluctuations and anomalies. Furthermore, the model can be optimized based on the geological characteristics of different road sections to improve its adaptability and predictive capabilities for ground resistivity changes in different geological environments.

[0045] The alerts generated by the early warning module include detailed anomaly analysis reports, including the location, time, severity, possible causes, and recommended maintenance actions. These reports are transmitted to relevant personnel and maintenance departments via email, SMS, or other automated interfaces. The report generation process includes automated data analysis and report formatting, ensuring complete and timely information delivery.

[0046] When real-time data from the central monitoring station is updated, the statistical characteristics of the real-time resistivity (e.g., mean and standard deviation) are compared with those of historical data to see if they exceed preset thresholds. The trained model then identifies any instances of anomalies similar to historical patterns. Alerts are then categorized into different levels (e.g., warning, emergency, severe, etc.) based on the severity and potential risk of the anomaly. These alerts are then sent via text message, email, or system notifications to vehicles, pedestrians, and relevant authorities on the road section, prompting them to take urgent measures to mitigate the risk.

[0047] To ensure the continued effectiveness and stability of the system and improve the accuracy and response speed of anomaly detection, the central monitoring station will regularly retrain models, update and expand historical data, monitor system performance and data flow, and continuously optimize and adjust.

[0048] like Figure 6-Figure 7 As shown, the data flow and power flow process in the monitoring system are as follows: Data flow: Starting from the electrode group, the data is processed by the signal processing module, transmitted to the data transmission module, then transmitted to the relay station, and finally transmitted to the central monitoring station through the wireless communication network.

[0049] Power flow: Solar panels collect light energy and power the monitoring system through a charge controller. Batteries provide backup power at night or when sunlight is insufficient, ensuring continuous operation of the system.

[0050] The monitoring system continuously monitors ground resistivity, analyzing the transmitted data in real time through a central monitoring station. Under normal circumstances, the resistivity remains within a safe range. If the system detects a sustained increase in resistivity, reaching or exceeding a preset safety threshold, it records the abnormality and conducts trend analysis on the highway, assessing safety risks and predicting hazardous factors. It then issues an immediate automatic warning, enabling personnel to implement timely rescue, inspection, and repair measures. This can save lives and property while also providing strong safety assurance for highway bridges.

[0051] The present invention also provides a method for implementing a highway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection, comprising the following steps: S1. Multiple ground resistivity sensors are deployed at key structural locations along the highway (such as bridges, tunnels, steep slopes, etc.). The placement and number of sensors are optimized based on monitoring requirements and geological conditions to ensure coverage of the entire highway.

[0052] Sensors can be deployed in two ways: embedded in the roadbed during highway construction, buried beneath the roadbed, suitable for long-term monitoring of the interior of the structure; or installed above the road surface by bonding or fixing brackets, suitable for the renovation and testing of existing roads.

[0053] S2. The sensor continuously collects ground resistivity data, and the signal processing module processes the data in real time to calculate the current ground resistivity. The data collection process involves regular sampling, data storage and data processing to ensure the timeliness and accuracy of the data.

[0054] S3. Data processed by the signal processing module is transmitted to a relay station via the data transmission module using low-power wide area network technology. The relay station decodes and initially processes the data before transmitting it to the central monitoring station. Encryption technology is used during data transmission to ensure data security, while optimized communication protocols improve data transmission stability and efficiency. Preliminary processing includes deduplication and error correction.

[0055] The resistivity value and time information are converted into a database, and the measured data is transmitted to the central monitoring station in real time through the wireless communication module. At the same time, data verification is implemented during the transmission process to ensure data integrity and accuracy, and to handle any communication errors or packet loss issues.

[0056] S4. After receiving the data, the central monitoring station uses the data analysis unit to conduct real-time analysis of the data, establish a machine learning model based on historical data, and identify abnormal changes and trends. The data analysis process includes data cleaning, feature extraction, model training, and trend analysis. Through accurate data analysis, potential safety hazards are discovered in a timely manner, ensuring the safe operation of the highway.

[0057] S5. The central monitoring station determines whether there are abnormal changes in ground resistivity or whether it exceeds a set threshold. When an abnormal change in ground resistivity exceeding the set threshold is detected, an alarm is automatically generated and notified to relevant personnel and maintenance departments for further inspection and repair, ensuring timely response and resolution of the problem, thereby ensuring effective long-term and long-distance monitoring of the highway. The alarm content includes information such as the type of abnormality, location, severity, cause, and repair suggestions. The alarm information is quickly sent to vehicles and pedestrians on the road section via SMS, email, or app notification. Deep learning algorithms are used to automatically plan safe exit routes for them and send distress signals. At the same time, the alarm is also quickly sent to relevant maintenance departments and managers, providing them with detailed inspection and repair suggestions, and further structural assessments or temporary repair measures, thereby prompting them to take urgent measures. At the same time, the treated area is continuously monitored to ensure that the problem is resolved, effectively protecting public life and property.

[0058] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned highway monitoring system and implementation method based on ground resistivity detection, and ensures comprehensive monitoring of every section of the highway through a widely distributed ground resistivity sensor network, thereby realizing long-distance and long-term monitoring of the highway.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solutions of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection, characterized in that: It includes a data acquisition and transmission system and a central monitoring station. The data acquisition and transmission system is composed of a network composed of several widely distributed ground resistivity sensors and a relay station. The ground resistivity sensor includes an electrode group, a signal processing module, a power supply module and a data transmission module. The electrode group is connected to the signal processing module, the power supply module is connected to the signal processing module and the data transmission module, and the data transmission module is connected to the signal processing module, the relay station and the central monitoring station.

2. The highway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electrode group consists of an H(C) electrode, an E electrode and an S(P) electrode. The electrodes are all made of corrosion-resistant and anti-interference materials. The spacing between the electrodes is adjusted according to the monitoring requirements and the geological characteristics of the monitored section. The H(C) electrode is used to apply an AC voltage on the ground, the E electrode is used as a reference electrode to measure current, and the S(P) electrode is used to measure voltage.

3. The highway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The signal processing module includes one or more high-precision operational amplifiers, filters and analog-to-digital converters. The operational amplifier is used to amplify the signal received from the electrode; the filter is used to eliminate environmental noise and electromagnetic interference; and the analog-to-digital converter is used to convert the analog signal into a digital signal.

4. The highway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The filter is a bandpass filter with an operating frequency range of 10 Hz to 1 kHz.

5. The highway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The power supply module comprises a solar cell panel, a storage battery and a charging controller. The power supply module is installed as a whole in a protective shell near the road surface of the expressway, and the solar cell is installed on a bracket near the expressway.

6. The highway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The data transmission module includes a low-power wide area network module and a microcontroller. The low-power wide area network module is used for long-distance, low-power data transmission. The microcontroller is used to manage the operation of the data transmission module and is responsible for sending data and receiving remote instructions.

7. The highway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The relay station includes a receiver, a data processing module and a communication module. The receiver receives the data transmitted by the data transmission module, and then the data processing module decodes and preliminarily processes the data, and finally transmits the processed data to the central monitoring station through the communication module.

8. The highway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The central monitoring station includes a data receiving unit, a data storage unit, a data analysis unit and an early warning unit. The data receiving unit is used to receive data sent by the relay station; the data storage unit is used to store the received data; the data analysis unit is used to perform real-time analysis on the received data and establish a machine learning model based on historical data to identify potential abnormal situations; the early warning unit is used to generate an alarm and notify the relevant maintenance department for processing when an abnormality is detected.

9. The highway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The alarm content includes a detailed anomaly analysis report, including the location, time, severity, cause and recommended maintenance measures of the anomaly detection, and the anomaly analysis report is transmitted to relevant personnel and maintenance departments via email, SMS or other automated interfaces.

10. A method for implementing a highway monitoring system based on ground resistivity detection according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: S1. Arrange multiple ground resistivity sensors at key structural parts of the highway, wherein the arrangement positions and quantity of the ground resistivity sensors are optimized according to monitoring requirements and geological conditions; S2, the ground resistivity sensor continuously collects ground resistivity data, and then processes the data in real time through the signal processing module to calculate the current ground resistivity; S3, the data processed by the signal processing module is transmitted to the relay station through the data transmission module, the relay station decodes and preliminarily processes the data, and then transmits the processed data to the central monitoring station; S4. After receiving the data, the central monitoring station performs real-time analysis on the data through the data analysis unit, establishes a machine learning model based on historical data, and identifies abnormal changes and trends; S5. The central monitoring station determines whether there is an abnormal change in the ground resistivity or whether it exceeds a set threshold. When it is detected that the abnormal change in the ground resistivity exceeds the set threshold, an alarm is generated and the alarm is notified to relevant personnel and maintenance departments via SMS, email or application.

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