Industrialized artificial breeding method for groupers

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of grouper breeding, and discloses a grouper factory-like artificial breeding method which comprises the following steps: a, preparing a nursery pond: selecting a square cement pond with the specification of 6m * 6m * 1.3 m and the water depth of 1m, arranging a running water inflation system, controlling the water quality to be natural seawater, controlling the water temperature to be 25-28 DEG C, controlling the salinity to be 27-29 and controlling the illumination intensity to be 6000-8000 lux; b, roe distribution: distributing healthy and virus-free grouper roes according to the density of 150g in each pond, wherein the roe distribution density is 4g / m < 3 >; healthy and virus-free roes are strictly selected for incubation, and accurate water quality control and illumination management are combined, so that the incubation success rate of the roes is greatly improved. In the early hatching stage of the fry, the water quality is strictly controlled, it is ensured that the fry can develop in the most suitable environment, and the death rate caused by the water quality problem in the hatching process is effectively reduced. Therefore, the survival rate of the fish fries is remarkably improved, and the stability of subsequent breeding is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of grouper breeding, and in particular to a method for factory-based artificial breeding of groupers. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the global aquaculture industry, marine aquaculture has gradually become an important part of the aquaculture industry. Grouper, especially the fine-spotted grouper (commonly known as the blue melon seed grouper), has become a popular variety in the high-end seafood market because of its tender meat and rich nutrition. However, the breeding of grouper still faces many challenges, especially in factory farming. How to improve the growth rate, survival rate and breeding efficiency of fry has become an urgent problem to be solved in the industry. In order to meet the market demand for grouper, the application of factory farming technology has become the key to improving the scale, standardization and efficiency of breeding.

[0003] The existing grouper factory farming technology mainly includes water quality management, feed feeding, immune management and other aspects. In the current technology, the hatching and cultivation process of fry usually ensures the healthy development of fry through strict water quality control, and uses ultraviolet disinfection, liquid oxygen supply and microfiltration systems to purify water and regulate dissolved oxygen. In addition, the feeding of feed adopts a gradual transition method, from plankton to artificial compound feed, to ensure the nutritional needs of fry at all stages. In terms of immune management, conventional measures include the use of immunopotentiators or the addition of vitamin ingredients to improve the immunity of fry and reduce the incidence of diseases.

[0004] Although the prior art has achieved certain results in grouper farming, there are still obvious problems, especially in the management of fry immunity. The prior art usually relies on a single immune enhancement component, but lacks multi-level, comprehensive immune management measures. This results in the fry's immune system reacting relatively slowly when facing challenges such as environmental stress and pathogen invasion, and may lead to a higher incidence of disease, affecting the growth rate and survival rate of the fry. Therefore, the prior art fails to effectively solve the problem of improving the immunity of fry, which is also the core problem to be solved by the present invention. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for artificially breeding grouper in an industrial scale, which solves the problems of high incidence of diseases, low survival rate and slow growth caused by insufficient immunity of fry in the existing industrial breeding of grouper.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical scheme: a method for artificial breeding of grouper in an industrial scale, comprising the following steps:

[0007] a. Preparation of nursery pond: select a square cement pond with the size of 6m×6m×1.3m and a water depth of 1m, equipped with a water flow aeration system, the water quality is natural seawater, the water temperature is controlled at 25-28℃, the salinity is 27-29, and the light intensity is 6000-8000 lux;

[0008] b. Egg distribution: Healthy and virus-free grouper eggs are distributed at a density of 150 grams per pond, with an egg distribution density of 4 grams / m 3 ;

[0009] c. Fry cultivation: By controlling the water quality and temperature, ensure that the fry break out of the membrane 8 to 10 hours after hatching. In the early stage, they rely on yolk sac and oil balls for development, and then switch to exogenous nutrition and feed biological bait.

[0010] Preferably, the fry cultivation step comprises:

[0011] a. During the larval stage, the water temperature should be maintained at 25-28℃, dissolved oxygen ≥5 mg / L, ammonia nitrogen ≤0.5 mg / L, nitrite ≤0.02 mg / L, and pH value should be 7.8-8.6;

[0012] b. From the 3rd to the 10th day of the larval stage, feed SS-type rotifers with a size of 40 to 50 microns, and gradually transition to S-type and L-type rotifers with a size of 70 to 80 microns.

[0013] Preferably, the method further comprises a bait feeding step, wherein the content of the bait feeding is:

[0014] a. Feed the fry with 1 mg / L of probiotics and 300,000 chlorella / mL from the first to the third day;

[0015] b. Feed the larvae with 3 S-type rotifers / ml from the 4th to the 8th day;

[0016] c. From the 9th to the 18th day, feed larvae with 0.5 Artemia or copepod nauplii / ml, and gradually increase to 2 / ml;

[0017] d. On the 39th to 40th day, switch to pellet feed, with the feeding amount being 5% to 8% of the body weight of the fry.

[0018] Preferably, the method further comprises a disease prevention and control step, wherein the disease prevention and control step comprises:

[0019] a. Strictly select virus-free fish eggs to ensure that the fry are free of pathogen contamination in the early stage;

[0020] b. During the seedling raising period, use the ultraviolet 250-270 nanometer band treatment system to sterilize the water and prevent and control microorganisms and parasites in the water;

[0021] c. Add vitamin E and fruit acid anti-stress products every week.

[0022] Preferably, the method further comprises a circulating aquaculture step, wherein the circulating aquaculture step comprises:

[0023] a. A square cement pool with smooth corners is used, and the pool is equipped with a liquid pure oxygen system, and pure oxygen is released through nano gas stones to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the water is ≥7 mg / L;

[0024] b. The circulating water system includes microfiltration, ultraviolet treatment, biological filter and liquid oxygen supply device to ensure stable water quality, ammonia nitrogen ≤ 0.5 mg / L, nitrite ≤ 0.2 mg / L, chemical oxygen demand ≤ 3 mg / L;

[0025] c. The circulating water system circulates water 6 to 24 times a day, and the amount of new water added is ≤20%.

[0026] Preferably, the method further comprises a screening and specification management step, wherein the step comprises:

[0027] a. When the difference in fry size reaches 1 / 3, they are screened and cultured in different ponds according to the size of the fish;

[0028] b. When the specification is ≤250g / tail, sieve once every 15-20 days; when the specification is ≥250g / tail, sieve once every 25-30 days;

[0029] c. Adjust the density of the breeding pond according to the growth of the fish. The breeding density is 64 fish / m 3 Preferably, the method further comprises a fry immune management step, wherein the immune management step comprises:

[0030] a. During the seedling raising period, by adding vitamin C, vitamin E and lactic acid bacteria ingredients to the bait;

[0031] b. After screening, conduct medicated bath for 2 days each time and add immune-enhancing bait.

[0032] Preferably, it further comprises a water quality monitoring and automatic alarm system, the system comprising:

[0033] a. Real-time monitoring of key indicators such as dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, and ammonia nitrogen in water through an automated water quality monitoring system;

[0034] b. When the water quality exceeds the standard or is abnormal, the system will automatically send out an audible and visual alarm and notify the remote operator to handle it.

[0035] The present invention provides a method for artificial breeding of grouper in factories, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. The present invention greatly improves the hatching success rate of fish eggs by strictly selecting healthy and virus-free fish eggs for hatching, and combining accurate water quality control and light management. In the initial hatching stage of fry, water quality control is strict, which ensures that the fry can grow in the most suitable environment and effectively reduces the mortality rate caused by water quality problems during the hatching process. Therefore, the survival rate of the fry is significantly improved, ensuring the stability of subsequent breeding.

[0037] 2. The present invention ensures that the entire growth cycle of grouper from fry to adult fish is in the most suitable water quality environment by dynamically adjusting the water quality and real-time monitoring. Systematic water quality management not only ensures the cleanliness and stability of the water body, but also avoids common water quality deterioration and pollution problems, thereby improving the immunity and growth rate of the fry. This water quality management method also reduces the risk of disease and improves the breeding efficiency.

[0038] 3. The present invention adds a variety of immune enhancement ingredients, such as vitamin E, C, lactic acid bacteria, etc., during the cultivation process of fry to enhance the immune system of fry and help it resist the invasion of external pathogens. These immune enhancement ingredients are gradually supplemented through bait, which can improve the resistance of fry to environmental changes, pathogen invasion and stress. Compared with traditional breeding methods, the immune management measures of the present invention are more comprehensive, greatly improve the disease resistance of fry, and reduce the risk of disease transmission.

[0039] 4. The present invention adopts regular screening and specification management to ensure that the size of the fry in each pond is uniform. The precise control of the screening cycle makes the size difference of the fry smaller, reduces resource competition, and improves the utilization efficiency of feed. The breeding density in each pond is reasonably controlled to avoid the problem of disease transmission caused by overcrowding. Through this management method, the healthy growth of the fry is guaranteed, thereby improving the breeding efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following will be combined with the drawings of the present invention specification to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for artificial breeding of grouper in an industrial scale, comprising the following steps:

[0043] Step S1: Preparation of nursery pond and egg placement

[0044] In the process of artificial breeding of grouper in factories, the preparation of nursery ponds and the laying of eggs are key links to ensure successful hatching and healthy growth of fry. In order to provide a suitable growth environment for fry, the selection of nursery ponds, the control of egg laying density and the regulation of water quality all need to be accurately managed. In this embodiment, a nursery pond that meets the growth requirements of fry is first selected, and environmental conditions such as water temperature, salinity and light intensity are accurately controlled in the pond to lay a solid foundation for the subsequent hatching process.

[0045] In the present embodiment, the nursery pond is selected as a square cement pond with a specification of 6 meters × 6 meters × 1.3 meters and a water depth of 1 meter. The design of the pond takes into account good water flow and air flow circulation to ensure that the water quality in the pond remains stable. The pond bottom is slightly tilted, which is conducive to the discharge of water and avoids water accumulation in the pond. It is also equipped with an aeration system to ensure that the dissolved oxygen level in the pond is sufficient to ensure that the fry can grow in a water environment with sufficient dissolved oxygen. A flowing water aeration system is configured in each pond to control the dissolved oxygen content and water flow rate of the water body by adjusting the amount of aeration to maintain the freshness of the water quality.

[0046] When selecting the nursery pond, special attention was paid to the impact of the pond environment on the growth of grouper fry. The water temperature was controlled at 25-28°C and the salinity range was 27-29 to ensure that the water temperature and salinity were in the most suitable growth range for fine-spotted grouper. In order to simulate the natural environment and improve the hatching rate, the light intensity was controlled between 6000 and 8000 lux to ensure that the light conditions were suitable for the hatching of fish eggs.

[0047] The key to the egg laying process is to control the appropriate egg laying density and uniform distribution. For this purpose, healthy and virus-free fine-spotted grouper eggs that have undergone strict quarantine are selected for hatching. The egg laying amount per pond is 150 grams, and the egg laying density is 4 grams / m 3 The eggs were transported by air from Zhangzhou, Fujian to the nursery ponds and were evenly distributed in 16 ponds to ensure that the egg quantity and water quality conditions in each pond were relatively uniform, thereby improving the hatching success rate and uniformity of the fry.

[0048] The hatching process after laying eggs is closely monitored, especially the management of water quality and light intensity. Stable water temperature, salinity control and light regulation help improve the hatching rate and survival rate of fry. Specifically, the dissolved oxygen content in the water needs to be maintained above 5 mg / L to promote the normal hatching of eggs and the early development of fry. At the same time, the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water must also be strictly controlled below 0.5 mg / L and 0.02 mg / L to avoid hatching failure or fry death due to water pollution.

[0049] This link is the basic work in the factory breeding of grouper. It creates a good initial environment for the subsequent development of fry and growth of fry, and lays a solid foundation for later breeding work.

[0050] Step S2: Fry cultivation

[0051] Fry cultivation is a crucial step in the artificial breeding process of grouper in factories, which directly affects the survival rate and subsequent growth and development of fry. After the fry are hatched, how to provide a suitable environment to ensure that they can successfully complete the developmental transformation from fry to juvenile is the core task of this stage. In this process, special attention should be paid to water quality control, feed feeding, and fry immune management. Through refined management, the fry can be guaranteed to grow healthily in the best environment.

[0052] In the present embodiment, the first step of fry cultivation is to ensure a suitable environment after the hatching of the fry. After the hatching process is completed, the newly hatched fry will break the membrane within 8 to 10 hours, be in an inverted state, and begin to develop in the early stage. At this stage, the fry rely on yolk sac and oil ball as endogenous nutrition for growth. At this time, the water temperature is maintained at 25 to 28 ° C to ensure its normal development. The dissolved oxygen content in the water quality is maintained at ≥5 mg / L, the ammonia nitrogen concentration is strictly controlled at ≤0.5 mg / L, and the nitrite concentration is controlled at ≤0.02 mg / L to ensure the cleanliness of the water body and reduce the risk of water pollution.

[0053] In the early stage of fry, the amount of aeration needs to be adjusted appropriately to reduce physical exertion and avoid excessive water flow affecting the activity of the fry. The water flow rate at this time should be controlled within an appropriate range to avoid excessive interference to the fry, while ensuring that the dissolved oxygen level in the water is sufficient to promote the growth of the fry.

[0054] Introduction of exogenous nutrition

[0055] When the fry develop eyespots and mouth clefts after 3 days and have the ability to balance their bodies and swim freely, they enter the stage of exogenous nutrition intake. In order to meet the rapid growth needs of the fry at this stage, it is necessary to supplement nutrition by feeding appropriate plankton (such as rotifers, artemia, copepods, etc.). Specifically, SS-type rotifers with a size of 40 to 50 microns are fed at this stage. Rotifers are the most suitable biological bait within a few days after the mouth clefts of the fry are formed.

[0056] As the mouth opening of the fry increases, they can ingest larger S- and L-type rotifers (size 70-80 microns). At this time, the feeding amount should be gradually increased according to the fry's food intake to meet their growing nutritional needs. At the same time, in terms of water quality management, continue to control the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite to ensure that the water quality is maintained within an appropriate range to prevent fry death or growth restriction due to poor water quality.

[0057] Water quality control and water change management

[0058] The stability of water quality is crucial to the growth of fry. As the fry grow, water quality control becomes more important. In this embodiment, the pH value in the water body is controlled between 7.8 and 8.6 to ensure that the fry can develop in a stable environment. Regular water changes help keep the water clean and avoid residues from polluting the water. Each time the water is changed, about 30% of the water will be replaced, and the pool bottom will be cleaned to remove sediments and residual bait to avoid the accumulation of harmful substances in the water.

[0059] Immunization management of fish fry

[0060] In the process of fry cultivation, immune management is also a part that cannot be ignored. This embodiment improves the immunity of fry and enhances its ability to resist external pathogens by adding immune enhancing ingredients such as vitamin E, C, lactic acid bacteria, etc. to the bait. Especially when the water quality and environment change greatly, the immune system of fry can better adapt to environmental pressure and reduce the incidence of disease.

[0061] Transition from larvae to juveniles

[0062] After 8 to 10 days of cultivation, the fry begin to grow dorsal and pelvic fins and enter the juvenile stage. The fry gradually become closer to the adult fish in appearance, and the spines of the dorsal and pelvic fins gradually shrink to form fin membranes. At this time, the fry's feeding method gradually transitions to artificial compound feed (such as sea urchins), and the work of marking the size begins. At 41 to 44 days, the fry's body length and weight have reached the screening standard, and the fry specifications are usually between 2.5 and 4.5 cm / tail.

[0063] Through meticulous management at this stage, not only can the rapid and healthy development of the fry be ensured, but also the mortality rate caused by poor water quality or unreasonable feeding methods can be reduced, ensuring the efficiency and stability of subsequent breeding.

[0064] Step S3: Feeding and nutritional fortification

[0065] In the process of artificial breeding of grouper in factories, feeding and nutritional fortification of feed are key links to ensure the healthy growth of fry. The growth rate and physical fitness of fry are directly related to the nutritional content of their feed and the feeding method. At this stage, it is necessary to provide appropriate feed according to the different development stages of fry, and gradually transition according to growth needs to ensure that the fry can develop in the best nutritional state. Through scientific and reasonable feed management, the growth of fry can be effectively promoted, their immunity can be enhanced, and the survival rate can be improved.

[0066] In this embodiment, the process of feeding bait is scientifically managed according to the needs of different growth stages. As the fry transitions from the yolk sac stage to the exogenous nutrition intake stage, it is necessary to gradually transition to more complex baits according to its body size and digestive capacity.

[0067] Feeding in the initial stage

[0068] From the first to the third day of the fry, probiotics and chlorella are used as the initial bait. At this time, the fry are small in size and have smaller mouths, so the bait used is mainly microalgae and small plankton to help them improve their intestinal health and promote the development of their immune system. The addition of probiotics helps to improve the digestive function of the fry, reduce the invasion of harmful microorganisms, and enhance the resistance of the fry. At this time, the feeding amount is 1 mg of probiotics per liter of water, and the concentration of chlorella is 300,000 / ml to ensure that the amount of bait intake is appropriate and efficient.

[0069] Feeding during the transition period

[0070] As the fry gradually grow in size, they begin to transition to larger rotifers and other plankton from the 4th to the 8th day. At this time, feed S-type or L-type rotifers, with a size of 70 to 80 microns, and feed 3 rotifers per milliliter of water. As a high-protein micro-bait, rotifers can effectively supplement the protein and fatty acids required for the growth of fry. The amount of rotifers fed should be adjusted appropriately according to the feeding status of the fry to ensure that the fry can obtain sufficient nutrition.

[0071] Feeding of juvenile fish

[0072] From the 9th to the 18th day, the size of the fry continues to increase, and the fry have a stronger feeding ability. At this time, the feed is mainly Artemia or copepod nauplii, with a specification of 0.5 / ml, which is gradually increased to 2 / ml after 18 days. Artemia and copepod nauplii are rich in high-quality protein and trace elements, which can promote the rapid growth of fry and improve the absorption efficiency of nutrients in their bodies.

[0073] Feeding of juvenile fish

[0074] From the 19th to the 28th day, the fry enter the juvenile stage and their size gradually approaches that of adult fish. During this stage, granular feed is used for feeding, and the feeding amount of granular feed is 5% to 8% of the weight of the fry. At this time, the fry already has a strong feeding ability and can accept artificial feed with larger particle size. In order to ensure the digestion and absorption effect of the feed, the feeding amount of granular feed needs to be adjusted according to the actual food intake of the fry. The feed at this stage should not only provide rich nutrition, but also contain ingredients that enhance the immune system to ensure that the immunity of the fry gradually increases during the growth process.

[0075] Nutritional fortification and immune management

[0076] In the entire feeding process, in addition to basic nutritional needs, nutritional fortification and immune management are also key links. During the entire fry cultivation stage, in addition to conventional baits, immune-enhancing ingredients such as vitamins E and C are added to the bait. By adding these ingredients to the bait, the disease resistance of the fry can be effectively improved, the stress response can be reduced, and its ability to adapt to environmental changes can be enhanced. In terms of immune management, Chinese herbal ingredients and anti-stress products are added regularly every week, especially when the water quality changes greatly or the environmental pressure is high, to ensure that the fry can effectively cope with the negative impact of the outside world and reduce the occurrence of diseases.

[0077] Step S4: Disease prevention and control

[0078] In the process of artificial breeding of grouper in factories, disease prevention and control is a key link to ensure the healthy growth of fry and improve the survival rate. Since the density of fry in the breeding environment is relatively high, and the water quality and bait directly affect the immunity of fry, the measures for disease prevention and control need to be comprehensive and meticulous. Effective disease prevention and control can not only reduce the risk of disease transmission, but also enhance the resistance of fry and improve the overall breeding efficiency.

[0079] In this embodiment, a series of prevention and management measures are taken for disease control to reduce the threats of various diseases that the fry may be exposed to during the breeding process, especially the neural necrosis virus (NNV) that the fine-spotted grouper is susceptible to.

[0080] Strict fish egg quarantine and egg selection

[0081] In the early stage of seedling rearing, the quality of fish eggs must be ensured first. Selecting healthy and virus-free fish eggs that have undergone strict quarantine for hatching is the basis for preventing diseases. All fish eggs are tested for viruses before hatching to ensure that there are no potential pathogenic viruses. This measure avoids the spread of diseases at the source and reduces the risk of diseases caused by viral infection.

[0082] Water treatment and management

[0083] The quality of the water source has a great impact on the health of the fry, especially the pathogenic microorganisms and parasites in the water. In this embodiment, disinfected and unpolluted seawater is used for raising fry to ensure that the water source is free of pathogenic pollution. In order to further reduce the pathogens in the water source, ultraviolet disinfection equipment is used in this embodiment. The ultraviolet wavelength is 250-270 nanometers, which effectively kills bacteria, viruses and parasite eggs in the water. The use of ultraviolet rays can not only effectively inhibit pathogenic microorganisms in the water, but also prevent them from spreading in the water body, reducing the probability of disease occurrence.

[0084] Immunity enhancement

[0085] The immune system of fry is relatively weak in the early development stage, so it is particularly important to add immune enhancement ingredients to the bait. This embodiment helps to improve the immunity of fry by adding immune enhancement ingredients such as vitamin E, C and lactic acid bacteria to the bait. Vitamin E and C help to improve the antioxidant and immune function, and lactic acid bacteria help to improve the intestinal health of fry, improve its digestion and absorption capacity, and also enhance its resistance to external pathogens.

[0086] Stress management and disease prevention

[0087] During the growth process, fry are prone to stress response, especially when water quality changes, bait changes and environmental pressure is high, which may weaken their immune system and increase the incidence of diseases. For this reason, this embodiment regularly adds anti-stress products such as vitamin E, fruit acid substances, etc. to the fry bait to help the fry enhance their ability to adapt to environmental changes. These anti-stress products can effectively reduce the stress response of fry in unstable environments, avoid excessive load on the immune system, and reduce the risk of disease.

[0088] Regular health checks and monitoring

[0089] During the fry cultivation process, regular health checks are another important part of disease prevention and control. This embodiment provides for a health check of the fry once a week, and the inspection content includes the body color, vitality, swimming status, etc. of the fry. If the fry is found to be abnormal, such as white body color, slow swimming, and out of the group, it should be isolated immediately to prevent the spread of the disease. On this basis, the harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water are regularly tested to ensure that the water quality remains within an appropriate range to avoid the decline of the immunity of the fry due to water pollution.

[0090] Vaccination and disease prevention

[0091] Although this embodiment adopts a variety of disease prevention measures, some diseases may still occur, especially during the epidemic of viral diseases. Therefore, vaccinating the fine-spotted grouper at the right time is one of the effective means to enhance immunity and reduce viral infection. According to the growth stage of the fry and the prevention and control needs of different diseases, vaccines against common aquatic pathogens can be selected for vaccination in this embodiment. Vaccination is usually carried out during the stable growth period of the fry to help them enhance their resistance to common pathogens and further improve the survival rate.

[0092] Integrated management of disease control

[0093] In this embodiment, disease prevention and control is not limited to a single measure, but is managed through comprehensive means. It includes selecting healthy egg sources from the source, optimizing water quality, enhancing immunity, regularly testing water quality, adding anti-stress substances in a timely manner, and other links, forming a comprehensive disease prevention and control system. Through this comprehensive prevention and control strategy, not only the incidence of diseases is reduced, but also the growth quality and survival rate of fry are improved.

[0094] Step S5: Circulating water aquaculture system

[0095] The recirculating water aquaculture system is an important part of factory aquaculture. It can provide a stable and clean water environment for the fry, ensuring that the fry grow under the best growth conditions. Through efficient water quality management, oxygen supply, filtration and water purification and other technical means, water pollution can be greatly reduced, and the aquaculture density and production efficiency can be improved. In this embodiment, a set of efficient recirculating water aquaculture system is adopted, and the optimization design is carried out in combination with the growth characteristics of fine-spotted grouper.

[0096] In this embodiment, the recirculating aquaculture system includes the following key parts: a microfiltration system, ultraviolet disinfection, a liquid oxygen supply system and a biological filter tank, which ensures clean water quality, sufficient dissolved oxygen, and can efficiently remove harmful substances in the water.

[0097] Water filtration and solid-liquid separation

[0098] In order to ensure the cleanliness of the aquaculture water, the circulating water system first uses a microfiltration device to separate the water from solids and liquids to remove suspended matter in the water (such as leftover bait, feces, etc.). These particles will produce harmful substances when decomposed in the water, affecting the stability of the water quality. The microfiltration device can effectively separate solid impurities with a particle size greater than 60 microns, reduce the burden on subsequent filtration equipment, and keep the water clean.

[0099] Ultraviolet disinfection and water sterilization

[0100] In order to prevent the spread of pathogens such as microorganisms, bacteria, and viruses in water, ultraviolet disinfection systems are used for real-time sterilization of water. The wavelength of ultraviolet light is set between 250 and 270 nanometers. Ultraviolet light in this band can effectively kill bacteria, viruses, and parasite eggs in water. Through ultraviolet disinfection, harmful microorganisms in water bodies can be greatly reduced, the safety of water quality can be improved, and the risk of disease can be reduced. The power and processing capacity of ultraviolet disinfection equipment are adjusted according to the actual scale of aquaculture to ensure sufficient water treatment capacity.

[0101] Liquid oxygen supply system and dissolved oxygen control

[0102] The amount of dissolved oxygen in water is crucial to the growth of fry, especially in a high-density breeding environment. In order to ensure sufficient dissolved oxygen in the water body, this embodiment uses a liquid oxygen supply system. Liquid oxygen releases pure oxygen through nano gas stone technology, and oxygen is fully dissolved in the water flow, ensuring that the oxygen utilization rate is close to 100%. The design of the liquid oxygen supply system can adjust the dissolved oxygen content in real time according to water temperature, fry density and water quality conditions, thereby providing a sufficient oxygen environment for the fry and reducing the suffocation or growth restriction of the fry caused by insufficient dissolved oxygen.

[0103] Biofilter and water purification

[0104] The role of the biological filter in the circulating water system is to remove harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water. The biological filter is placed in the biological filter, and a large number of beneficial microorganisms are bred on the surface of the filter material. These microorganisms can effectively decompose harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water. The biological filter can not only maintain the cleanliness of the water body, but also improve the stability of the water quality, ensure that the water quality is within an appropriate range, and provide a healthy growth environment for the fry.

[0105] Water quality monitoring and automatic regulation

[0106] In order to ensure that the water quality is always within the appropriate range, an automated water quality monitoring system is provided in this embodiment. The system can monitor key parameters in the water in real time, including dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH value, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite, etc. When the water quality is abnormal, the system will automatically alarm and process it through automatic adjustment equipment (such as adjusting the oxygen supply, adjusting the water temperature, adjusting the pH value, etc.) to ensure that the water quality is always within the optimal growth range of the fine-spotted grouper.

[0107] Through this complete recirculating aquaculture system, this embodiment can efficiently control water quality and ensure that the fine-spotted grouper grows in a clean and stable environment. Various water quality management methods such as microfiltration, ultraviolet disinfection, liquid oxygen supply and biological filter tank cooperate with each other to ensure the high quality of the water body and the healthy development of the fry. The addition of the automated water quality monitoring and regulation system improves the intelligence level of the system, reduces the necessity of human intervention, and ensures efficient and accurate water quality management during the aquaculture process.

[0108] Step S6: Screening and specification management

[0109] Screening and size management are important measures to improve the growth efficiency and management effect of fry. Due to the different growth rates of fine-spotted grouper, there will be certain differences in body size between individuals. In order to ensure that the fry in each pond can grow evenly, improve feed utilization and reduce disease transmission, the fry are regularly screened and size-managed in this embodiment to maintain a reasonable breeding density and uniformity of fry body size.

[0110] In this embodiment, the key to screening and size management is to perform regular screening according to the size differences of the fry and adjust the density of the breeding pond according to their growth stage. The screening work is carried out according to the size differences of the fish bodies. When the size difference between individuals exceeds 1 / 3, screening is carried out.

[0111] Screening standards and operations

[0112] Fry screening is usually carried out every 15 to 20 days, especially when the fry size is ≤250 g / tail, the screening interval is short to ensure that individual differences in the pond are small. When the weight of the fry reaches more than 250 g / tail, the screening cycle can be appropriately extended to 25 to 30 days according to its growth rate. During screening, the fry are cultured in different ponds according to their size to ensure that the growth conditions of the fry in the pond are relatively consistent. After each screening, the density in the pond is re-evaluated, and the breeding density is adjusted according to the size of the fry to avoid the impact of overcrowded breeding conditions on the fry.

[0113] Stocking density management

[0114] During the screening process, the number of fry in each pond is ensured to meet the optimal growth density by breeding in different ponds and adjusting the density reasonably. The most suitable breeding density in each pond is determined according to the size and growth stage of the fry. Normally, the breeding density in the pond should be controlled at 64 fry / m 3 This can avoid overcrowding, reduce competition among the fry, and help their healthy growth.

[0115] Technical requirements for management by specification

[0116] During the screening process, ensure that the size of the fry in each pool is as close as possible so that the feed in each pool can be fully utilized, thereby improving the feed conversion rate. At the same time, proper management of different sizes can also reduce the spread of diseases between fry, especially when viral diseases are prevalent. By breeding in different sizes, it can ensure that the fry grow in a healthy environment and reduce the difficulty of management caused by large individual differences.

[0117] Embodiment 2:

[0118] In this embodiment, a grouper factory artificial breeding method similar to that of the first embodiment is adopted, but compared with the first embodiment, the only variable is that the screening cycle and density management are slightly adjusted during the screening and specification management process. Compared with the first embodiment, the screening cycle of the second embodiment is longer, and the breeding density in the fry pond is slightly higher, resulting in a decrease in some efficiency and health level in the management and fry growth process.

[0119] 1. Preparation of the nursery pond and egg laying

[0120] Selection of nursery ponds and egg placement

[0121] The seedling pool in this embodiment uses the same square cement pool as in the first embodiment, with specifications of 6 meters × 6 meters × 1.3 meters, a water depth of 1 meter, a slightly inclined pool bottom, and an aeration system to ensure good water flow and dissolved oxygen conditions. The water quality control standard is the same as in the first embodiment, the water temperature is 25-28°C, the salinity is 27-29, the light intensity is controlled at 6000-8000 lux, and unpolluted natural seawater is used.

[0122] The source of the fish eggs is consistent with that in Example 1, using healthy virus-free fine-point grouper eggs airlifted from Zhangzhou, Fujian. 150 grams of eggs are laid in each pond, and the density of the eggs is 4 grams / m 3 , ensuring that the eggs are evenly distributed and provide a good hatching environment.

[0123] 2. Fry cultivation

[0124] Incubation and early development

[0125] 8 to 10 hours after the eggs are hatched, the fry break the membrane and enter the inverted stage, relying on the yolk sac and oil ball to develop and grow. The dissolved oxygen content in the water is maintained at ≥5 mg / L, and the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite are controlled at the same level as in Example 1 to ensure that the water is clean and suitable for the growth of fry. At this time, the water temperature and salinity are controlled between 25 to 28°C and 27 to 29, respectively.

[0126] Introduction of exogenous nutrition

[0127] When the mouth organ of the fry is formed, they begin to eat exogenous bait. At this stage, rotifers are used as the main bait, with a size of 40 to 50 microns, and gradually transition to S-type and L-type rotifers (size 70 to 80 microns). The amount of bait fed is adjusted according to the feeding situation of the fry to ensure that their nutritional needs are met.

[0128] Water quality and food management

[0129] Water quality control still follows the standards of dissolved oxygen ≥ 5 mg / L, ammonia nitrogen ≤ 0.5 mg / L, and nitrite ≤ 0.02 mg / L. The water quality is kept clean by regular water changes (30% of the water volume each time) to prevent the negative impact of accumulated harmful substances on the growth of fry.

[0130] 3. Feeding and nutritional fortification

[0131] Gradual transition of bait

[0132] On the 1st to 3rd day, the bait for the fry is the same as in Example 1, still using 1 mg / L of probiotics and 300,000 / mL of Chlorella to help build its digestive system and improve immunity. During the 4th to 8th day, feed 3 S-type rotifers / mL, and gradually increase the specifications of the bait as the size of the fry grows. On the 9th to 18th day, continue to use Artemia and copepod nauplii as the main feed, and gradually increase the feeding amount to 2 / mL. On the 19th to 28th day, switch to granular feed, the feed amount is 5% to 8% of the weight of the fry to ensure the healthy growth of the fry.

[0133] Compared with Example 1, this example does not make major changes in nutritional fortification, and still adds ingredients such as vitamin E, C and lactic acid bacteria to the bait, but the overall fortification measures are relatively conservative, and no more Chinese herbal medicines or anti-stress ingredients are added.

[0134] 4. Disease prevention and control

[0135] Prevention and immunization measures

[0136] Similar to the first embodiment, this embodiment also adopts a strict fish egg quarantine procedure to ensure that virus-free egg sources are selected. In terms of water disinfection, ultraviolet rays (250-270 nanometers) are still used for sterilization to ensure that the water source is pollution-free and does not carry pathogenic microorganisms.

[0137] However, this embodiment has less immune management than the first embodiment. Although vitamins E, C and other immune enhancing ingredients are still added to the bait, the formula for immunity enhancement and stress resistance is relatively simple and no further enhancement is made. This makes the immune system of the fry react more slowly when facing stress or changes in the external environment.

[0138] 5. Recirculating aquaculture system

[0139] Water Management and Filtration

[0140] The circulating water culture system in this embodiment is basically the same as that in the first embodiment, including four parts: microfiltration, ultraviolet disinfection, liquid oxygen supply and biological filter, to ensure clean water and sufficient dissolved oxygen. The water quality parameter setting is the same as that in the first embodiment, to ensure the healthy growth of the fine-spotted grouper.

[0141] Liquid oxygen supply system

[0142] In order to ensure sufficient dissolved oxygen, this embodiment adopts a liquid oxygen supply system, using nano gas stones to fully dissolve oxygen in the water, increase the dissolved oxygen level in the water, and keep the dissolved oxygen within an appropriate range. The liquid oxygen system can also be adjusted in real time according to water quality and fry density.

[0143] 6. Screening and specification management

[0144] Screening cycle and density management

[0145] Compared with Example 1, the screening cycle of this embodiment is longer, the screening time interval is 30 to 35 days, and the screening frequency is relatively low. The fry after screening are still cultured in ponds according to specifications, but due to the long screening time, the individual differences in the pond increase, and the competition between fry is more intense. The breeding density is set at 70 fry / m 3 , which is slightly higher than that of the first embodiment, may lead to more obvious resource competition and affect the growth rate and health status of individuals.

[0146] Screening operation

[0147] The screening operation is still carried out according to the differences in fry specifications to ensure that the individuals are relatively uniform. However, due to the long screening cycle, the fry in some ponds are prone to stress reactions or uneven growth due to excessive density.

[0148] 7. Harvest and Marketing

[0149] Harvest stage

[0150] After 7 months of cultivation, the fry of this embodiment can reach the market specifications, and the average weight of the finished fish is about 550 grams per tail, which is slightly lower than the 600 grams per tail of Example 1. Due to the long screening cycle and high density, although the survival rate is still maintained at about 95%, the overall growth effect and body shape uniformity are slightly inferior.

[0151] Marketing

[0152] The adult fish after health check are put into the market for sale, but due to the high breeding density, the individual growth rate is reduced, and the market competitiveness of the product is slightly lower than that of the finished fish of Example 1.

[0153] This embodiment adopts a technical solution similar to that of the first embodiment, but in the screening and specification management link, the screening cycle is longer and the breeding density is slightly higher, which makes the growth of fry in the breeding process less efficient than that of the first embodiment, and due to the high density, the resource competition between individuals is strong, which affects the growth rate and uniformity of the fry. Therefore, compared with the first embodiment, the weight, uniformity and market competitiveness of adult fish in this embodiment are lower. Although the overall survival rate is higher, the overall effect is slightly inferior to that of the first embodiment.

[0154] Table 1 Data comparison table of embodiment 1 and 2

[0155]

[0156]

[0157] Embodiment 1 has advantages in that the screening cycle is shorter, the breeding density is lower, the adult fish size is larger, the market competitiveness is stronger, and the breeding effect is better.

[0158] The breeding density of Example 2 is high and the screening cycle is long, resulting in smaller fish size and relatively weak market competitiveness, although the survival rate is high.

[0159] Embodiment three:

[0160] In the present embodiment, a technical scheme similar to that of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 is adopted, but different immunoenhancement measures are introduced as variables. Compared with Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, Embodiment 3 adopts a more centralized and single immunoenhancement mode in the immunomanagement of fry, i.e., only vitamin C is used as an immunoenhancement component, and anti-stress products are not added regularly. The changes of this embodiment are mainly reflected in the immunomanagement part, while other technical links (such as water quality control, bait feeding, screening management, etc.) are the same as Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2.

[0161] 1. Preparation of the nursery pond and egg laying

[0162] As in Example 1 and Example 2, a square cement pool was selected, with a pool size of 6 m × 6 m × 1.3 m, a water depth of 1 m, a slightly inclined pool bottom, and an aeration system to ensure good water flow and dissolved oxygen conditions. The water quality control standards are water temperature of 25-28°C, salinity of 27-29, light intensity of 6000-8000 lux, pollution-free natural seawater, and a fish egg density of 4 g / m 3 , 150 grams of eggs per pond.

[0163] 2. Fry cultivation

[0164] The fry cultivation process is the same as that of Example 1 and Example 2. After hatching, the fry enters the exogenous nutrition intake stage, using plankton such as rotifers and Artemia as bait, and the water quality management standard is also consistent with that of Example 1 and Example 2 to ensure the healthy development of the fry.

[0165] 3. Feeding and nutritional fortification

[0166] In terms of feeding bait, Example 3 is consistent with Example 1 and Example 2, and gradually transitions to bait suitable for different growth stages of fry. Microalgae, rotifers, Artemia, etc. are used in the fry and juvenile stages, and gradually transition to artificial compound feed. Vitamin C is added to the bait to improve the immunity of the fry, but no other immune-enhancing ingredients are added.

[0167] 4. Disease prevention and control

[0168] Immune enhancement management: Compared with Example 1, Example 3 only uses vitamin C as an immune enhancement ingredient, and no anti-stress products are used regularly. Vitamin C helps improve the antioxidant capacity and immune response of fry, but lacks multi-level immune management measures, which may result in a slower immune response when facing environmental stress or disease outbreaks.

[0169] Water quality management and disinfection: In terms of water quality management, an ultraviolet disinfection system (250-270 nanometer band) and a liquid oxygen supply system are still used to ensure that the number of microorganisms in the water is effectively controlled and the water quality is stable. The screening and bait feeding are consistent with the first and second embodiments.

[0170] 5. Recirculating aquaculture system

[0171] The circulating aquaculture system of the third embodiment is the same as that of the first and second embodiments, and adopts a microfiltration system, an ultraviolet disinfection system, a liquid oxygen supply system, a biological filter and other equipment to ensure the cleanliness of the water and sufficient dissolved oxygen.

[0172] 6. Screening and specification management

[0173] Similar to the first and second embodiments, the third embodiment also adopts screening and specification management, and screening is performed every 15 to 20 days to ensure that the fry in each pond are uniform in size and the breeding density is maintained at 64 fry / m 3 .

[0174] 7. Harvest and Marketing

[0175] At the end of the 7-month culture period, the fry of Example 3 weighed about 570 g / tail, slightly lower than 600 g / tail of Example 1 and 550 g / tail of Example 2. Since the immune management measures were relatively simple, although the overall survival rate was high, the growth rate and health status of the fry failed to reach the level of Example 1.

[0176] Table 2 Comparative data table of embodiments 1 and 3

[0177]

[0178] Example 3 improves the immunity of fry by introducing relatively simple immune enhancement measures (only adding vitamin C), but due to the lack of more levels of immune management measures, the fry of Example 3 grows slower, the size of adult fish is smaller, and the market competitiveness is weaker than that of Example 1. Although the management conditions such as screening cycle and breeding density are similar to those of Example 1, insufficient immune management leads to differences in health level and growth effect.

[0179] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for artificial breeding of grouper in an industrial scale, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: a. Preparation of nursery pond: select a square cement pond with the size of 6m×6m×1.3m and a water depth of 1m, equipped with a water flow aeration system, the water quality is natural seawater, the water temperature is controlled at 25-28℃, the salinity is 27-29, and the light intensity is 6000-8000 lux; b. Egg distribution: Healthy and virus-free grouper eggs are distributed at a density of 150 grams per pond, with an egg distribution density of 4 grams / m 3 ; c. Fry cultivation: By controlling the water quality and temperature, ensure that the fry break out of the membrane 8 to 10 hours after hatching. In the early stage, they rely on yolk sac and oil balls for development, and then switch to exogenous nutrition and feed biological bait.

2. The method for artificial breeding of grouper in an industrial scale according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fry cultivation step comprises: a. During the larval stage, the water temperature should be maintained at 25-28℃, dissolved oxygen ≥5 mg / L, ammonia nitrogen ≤0.5 mg / L, nitrite ≤0.02 mg / L, and pH value should be 7.8-8.6; b. From the 3rd to the 10th day of the larval stage, feed SS-type rotifers with a size of 40 to 50 microns, and gradually transition to S-type and L-type rotifers with a size of 70 to 80 microns.

3. The method for artificial breeding of grouper in an industrial scale according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises a bait feeding step, wherein the content of the bait feeding is: a. Feed the fry with 1 mg / L of probiotics and 300,000 chlorella / mL from the first to the third day; b. Feed the larvae with 3 S-type rotifers / ml from the 4th to the 8th day; c. From the 9th to the 18th day, feed larvae with 0.5 Artemia or copepod nauplii / ml, and gradually increase to 2 / ml; d. On the 39th to 40th day, switch to pellet feed, with the feeding amount being 5% to 8% of the body weight of the fry.

4. The method for artificial breeding of grouper in an industrial scale according to claim 1, characterized in that: Further comprising a disease prevention and control step, the disease prevention and control comprising: a. Strictly select virus-free fish eggs to ensure that the fry are free of pathogen contamination in the early stage; b. During the seedling raising period, use the ultraviolet 250-270 nanometer band treatment system to sterilize the water and prevent and control microorganisms and parasites in the water; c. Add vitamin E and fruit acid anti-stress products every week.

5. The method for artificial breeding of grouper in an industrial scale according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises a circulating water culture step, wherein the circulating water culture step comprises: a. A square cement pool with smooth corners is used, and the pool is equipped with a liquid pure oxygen system, and pure oxygen is released through nano gas stones to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the water is ≥7 mg / L; b. The circulating water system includes microfiltration, ultraviolet treatment, biological filter and liquid oxygen supply device to ensure stable water quality, ammonia nitrogen ≤ 0.5 mg / L, nitrite ≤ 0.2 mg / L, chemical oxygen demand ≤ 3 mg / L; c. The circulating water system circulates water 6 to 24 times a day, and the amount of new water added is ≤20%.

6. The method for artificial breeding of grouper in an industrial scale according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises a screening and specification management step, the step comprising: a. When the difference in fry size reaches 1 / 3, they are screened and cultured in different ponds according to the size of the fish; b. When the specification is ≤250g / tail, sieve once every 15-20 days; when the specification is ≥250g / tail, sieve once every 25-30 days; c. Adjust the density of the breeding pond according to the growth of the fish. The breeding density is 64 fish / m 3 .

7. The method for artificial breeding of grouper in an industrial scale according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises a fry immunization management step, wherein the immunization management step comprises: a. During the seedling raising period, by adding vitamin C, vitamin E and lactic acid bacteria ingredients to the bait; b. After screening, conduct medicated bath for 2 days each time and add immune-enhancing bait.

8. The method for artificial breeding of grouper in factories according to claim 1, characterized in that: It further includes a water quality monitoring and automatic alarm system, the system comprising: a. Real-time monitoring of key indicators such as dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, and ammonia nitrogen in water through an automated water quality monitoring system; b. When the water quality exceeds the standard or is abnormal, the system will automatically send out an audible and visual alarm and notify the remote operator to handle it.

Images