Method for utilizing reed leaves

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of forestry and agricultural residues, and particularly provides a utilization method of reed leaves, which comprises the following steps: step 1, sequentially performing disinfection, soaking and alkali liquor treatment on fresh reed leaves; step 2, mixing reed leaves with an extracting agent, performing ultrasonic extraction, filtering to obtain filtrate A, mixing filter residues with compound enzyme and water, performing enzymolysis, filtering to obtain filtrate B, and filtering residues for later use; 3, mixing the filtrate A and the filtrate B, and performing water bath concentration to obtain a nutrient solution; performing spray drying on the nutrient solution to prepare tea bags; 4, the filter residues and auxiliary materials are mixed to prepare a pillow inner; the method is simple in process, convenient to operate, high in production efficiency and low in labor intensity, effective components and nutrient substances in the reed leaves can be fully utilized, and the resource utilization rate is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of agricultural and forestry wastes, and in particular to a method for utilizing reed leaves. Background Art

[0002] Reed is a perennial grass plant with a wide range of adaptability and resistance to the growing environment, and strong reproductive capacity. The natural reed population is mainly renewed by rhizome reproduction. It is a typical asexual plant with a short growth cycle, low requirements for production sites, high yield, and great application value. In recent years, due to the vigorous promotion of reed wetland construction, the reed planting area has become larger and larger, and the annual reed production has increased. This has led to the proliferation of reeds in parks, rivers, lakes, and wetlands, seriously affecting the ecology. However, if the reeds are directly discarded after harvesting, it will cause a large waste of resources, and how to deal with it has become a problem.

[0003] As people realize that reeds contain a high cellulose content, reed leaves are often used for pulping and papermaking. Therefore, using reeds instead of wood raw materials for pulping and papermaking can not only solve the current problem of wood resource shortage, but also solve the problem of reed flooding. However, the papermaking process will produce a large amount of wastewater, waste gas, waste residue, noise and other pollutants, which have a very serious impact on the environment and also seriously affect the ecology.

[0004] Therefore, providing an effective, green, safe and pollution-free method for utilizing reed leaves has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for utilizing reed leaves, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Pick fresh, full and disease-free reed leaves, mix them with disinfectant at a mass ratio of 1:3, soak them for 30-45 minutes, take them out, and wash the residual liquid on the surface with clean water; then mix them with soaking liquid at a mass ratio of 1:5, soak them for 1-2 hours, take them out, and wash the residual liquid on the surface with clean water; then mix them with alkali solution at a mass ratio of 1:3, soak them for 20-30 minutes, take them out, wash the residual liquid on the surface with clean water, and dry the surface water;

[0007] Step 2: crush the reed leaves and mix them with the extractant in a mass ratio of 1:5, perform ultrasonic extraction at 40-50°C for 10-20min at a frequency of 20k-30kHz, filter out the residue to obtain filtrate A; wash the residual liquid on the surface of the residue with clean water, mix the residue, complex enzyme and water, perform enzymolysis at 45-55°C for 10-14h, filter to obtain filtrate B, and set the residue aside;

[0008] Step 3, the filtrate A and the filtrate B are mixed, and concentrated to 15-25% of the original volume under 90-98° C. water bath conditions to obtain a nutrient solution; the nutrient solution is spray-dried at a drying temperature of 70-80° C., a pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa, and a hot air speed of 1.2-1.5 m / s to obtain reed leaf powder;

[0009] Step 4: drying the filter residue at 50-60° C. to constant weight, and then mixing it with auxiliary materials to obtain a pillow core.

[0010] Preferably, the method further comprises spraying foliar fertilizer on the surface of the reed leaves 30 days before picking the reed leaves, spraying once every 5-7 days, and each time using a dosage of 100-120 ml / plant.

[0011] Preferably, the foliar fertilizer includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, glucose and water in a mass ratio of 2:1:3:5:(1000-1200).

[0012] Preferably, the method further comprises putting the reed leaf powder into a non-woven bag to make a tea bag, and adding the tea bag into the porridge when cooking.

[0013] Preferably, the disinfectant in step one is a potassium permanganate solution with a mass fraction of 0.1-0.2% or a sodium hypochlorite solution with a mass fraction of 0.5-1%; the soaking solution includes white vinegar, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ascorbic acid, gibberellin and water in a mass ratio of 2:3:1:0.2:1200; and the alkali solution is a potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 4-5%.

[0014] Preferably, the extractant in step 2 is an alcohol solution with a volume fraction of 75-85%.

[0015] Preferably, the complex enzyme in step 2 is cellulase, xylanase and pectinase, with a mass ratio of 3:2:1.

[0016] Preferably, the mass ratio of the filter residue, the complex enzyme and water in step 2 is 20:(3-5):100.

[0017] Preferably, the mass ratio of the filter residue to the auxiliary material in step 4 is (10-8):(3-5).

[0018] Preferably, the auxiliary materials in step 4 are buckwheat husk, cassia seed and mugwort.

[0019] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0020] (1) The present invention uses foliar fertilizer to pretreat the reed leaves before picking them, thereby promoting the photosynthesis of the reed leaves, increasing the formation of chlorophyll, increasing the content of effective ingredients in the reed leaves, and further improving the quality of the reed leaves.

[0021] (2) The present invention uses a disinfectant to disinfect reed leaves, removes pathogens or molds on the leaves, cleans the surface of the leaves to prevent the leaves from rotting, and ensures food safety. The present invention uses an immersion liquid to soak fresh pandan leaves, which can not only ensure the color and gloss of the pandan leaves, but also lock the nutrients and fragrance in the pandan leaves. The present invention uses an immersion liquid to protect the effective ingredients and nutrients in the reed leaves, and lock the nutrients and fragrance in the reed leaves. After being treated with alkali solution, the wax layer on the surface of the reed leaves can be removed, the crystallinity of cellulose can be reduced, and the total sugar conversion rate can be improved.

[0022] (3) Alcohol solution and ultrasound can effectively extract organic acids, flavonoids, polyphenols and saponin compounds from reed leaves, which can enhance the human body's hands-free system and ensure good health.

[0023] (4) Cellulase, xylanase and pectinase can convert cellulose, lignin and pectin in reed leaves into sugars. After mixing with the active ingredients, they can enable the human body to absorb nutrients more fully and improve immunity.

[0024] (5) The residue after enzymatic hydrolysis of reed leaves still has utilization value. It can be mixed with auxiliary materials to prepare pillow cores, maximizing resource utilization.

[0025] (6) The present invention has simple process, convenient operation, high production efficiency, low labor intensity, and can fully utilize the effective ingredients and nutrients in reed leaves to improve resource utilization. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] Step 1: 30 days before picking reed leaves, spray foliar fertilizer on the surface of reed leaves, spray once every 6 days, and use 110 ml / plant each time. The foliar fertilizer includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, glucose and water, with a mass ratio of 2:1:3:5:1200.

[0029] Pick fresh, full and disease-free reed leaves, mix them with disinfectant at a mass ratio of 1:3, soak for 40 minutes, take them out, and wash off the residual liquid on the surface with clean water; then mix them with soaking liquid at a mass ratio of 1:5, soak for 1.5 hours, take them out, and wash off the residual liquid on the surface with clean water; then mix them with alkali solution at a mass ratio of 1:3, soak for 25 minutes, take them out, wash off the residual liquid on the surface with clean water, and dry the surface moisture;

[0030] The disinfectant is a sodium hypochlorite solution with a mass fraction of 0.8%; the soaking solution includes white vinegar, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ascorbic acid, gibberellin and water, and the mass ratio is 2:3:1:0.2:1200; the alkali solution is a sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 4.5%.

[0031] Step 2: crush the reed leaves and mix them with an alcohol solution with a volume fraction of 80% in a mass ratio of 1:5, perform ultrasonic extraction at 45°C for 15 minutes at a frequency of 25kHz, filter out the residue to obtain filtrate A; wash the residual liquid on the surface of the residue with clean water, mix the residue, complex enzyme and water in a mass ratio of 5:1:25, perform enzymolysis at 50°C for 12 hours, filter to obtain filtrate B, and set the residue aside;

[0032] The complex enzyme is cellulase, xylanase and pectinase, and the mass ratio is 3:2:1.

[0033] Step 3, the filtrate A and the filtrate B are mixed, and concentrated to 20% of the original volume under 95° C. water bath conditions to obtain a nutrient solution; the nutrient solution is spray-dried at a drying temperature of 75° C., a pressure of 0.4 MPa, and a hot air speed of 1.3 m / s to obtain reed leaf powder;

[0034] Step 4: Dry the filter residue at 55° C. to a constant weight, and then mix it with auxiliary materials in a mass ratio of 9:4 to obtain a pillow core. The auxiliary materials are buckwheat husk, cassia seed and wormwood in a mass ratio of 5:3:2.

[0035] Test Example 1

[0036] The reed leaf powder prepared in Example 1 was sent to a local testing center for testing. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0037] Table 1

[0038]

[0039] It can be seen from Table 1 that the nutrients contained in the reed leaf powder prepared using reed in Example 1.

[0040] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for utilizing reed leaves, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Pick fresh, full and disease-free reed leaves, mix them with disinfectant at a mass ratio of 1:3, soak them for 30-45 minutes, take them out, and wash the residual liquid on the surface with clean water; then mix them with soaking liquid at a mass ratio of 1:5, soak them for 1-2 hours, take them out, and wash the residual liquid on the surface with clean water; then mix them with alkali solution at a mass ratio of 1:3, soak them for 20-30 minutes, take them out, wash the residual liquid on the surface with clean water, and dry the surface water; Step 2: crush the reed leaves and mix them with the extractant in a mass ratio of 1:5, perform ultrasonic extraction at 40-50°C for 10-20min at a frequency of 20k-30kHz, filter out the residue to obtain filtrate A; wash the residual liquid on the surface of the residue with clean water, mix the residue, complex enzyme and water, perform enzymolysis at 45-55°C for 10-14h, filter to obtain filtrate B, and set the residue aside; Step 3, the filtrate A and the filtrate B are mixed, and concentrated to 15-25% of the original volume under 90-98° C. water bath conditions to obtain a nutrient solution; the nutrient solution is spray-dried at a drying temperature of 70-80° C., a pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa, and a hot air speed of 1.2-1.5 m / s to obtain reed leaf powder; Step 4: drying the filter residue at 50-60° C. to constant weight, and then mixing it with auxiliary materials to obtain a pillow core.

2. The method for utilizing reed leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes spraying foliar fertilizer on the surface of reed leaves 30 days before picking reed leaves, once every 5-7 days, with each dosage of 100-120 ml per plant.

3. The method for utilizing reed leaves according to claim 2, characterized in that: The foliar fertilizer comprises potassium dihydrogen phosphate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, glucose and water, and the mass ratio is 2:1:3:5:(1000-1200).

4. The method for utilizing reed leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes putting reed leaf powder into non-woven bags to make tea bags.

5. The method for utilizing reed leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disinfectant in step 1 is a potassium permanganate solution with a mass fraction of 0.1-0.2% or a sodium hypochlorite solution with a mass fraction of 0.5-1%; the soaking solution includes white vinegar, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ascorbic acid, gibberellin and water in a mass ratio of 2:3:1:0.2:1200; and the alkali solution is a potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 4-5%.

6. The method for utilizing reed leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extractant in step 2 is an alcohol solution with a volume fraction of 75-85%.

7. The method for utilizing reed leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The complex enzyme in step 2 is cellulase, xylanase and pectinase, and the mass ratio is 3:2:

1.

8. The method for utilizing reed leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the filter residue, the complex enzyme and water in step 2 is 20:(3-5):

100.

9. The method for utilizing reed leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the filter residue to the auxiliary material in step 4 is (10-8):(3-5).

10. The method for utilizing reed leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary materials described in step 4 are buckwheat husk, cassia seed and mugwort, with a mass ratio of 5:3:2.

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