Preparation method of predatory mite feed and predatory mite feeding method

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a predatory mite feed and a predatory mite feeding method. The predatory mite feed comprises a basic artificial feed and biomass, the basic artificial feed comprises egg yolk liquid, yeast extract powder, cane sugar, honey, purified water, peptone, potassium sorbate and p-hydroxybenzoate; the preparation method comprises the following steps: fully mixing the components into a semi-fluid mixture, and freeze-drying the semi-fluid mixture into a solid state at low temperature by using an instantaneous low-temperature freeze-drying technology to obtain the predatory mite feed. The predatory mite freeze-dried feed is prepared to be used for feeding predatory mites, a traditional feeding scheme of plants-pest mites-predatory mites can be replaced, the whole feeding process is simple, conditions are controllable and easy to control, and the feeding difficulty and the feeding cost are effectively reduced; meanwhile, the predatory mite feed is prepared into a freeze-dried state, the feed utilization rate can be increased, the predatory mites can easily eat the feed, and therefore the breeding efficiency of the predatory mites is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of predatory mite breeding, and in particular to a method for preparing a predatory mite feed and a method for breeding predatory mites. Background Art

[0002] Many species of Phytoseiidae are important predatory natural enemies of many agricultural pests. In the biological control of predatory mites, the breeding of predatory mites is a key factor restricting the large-scale application of predatory mites. At present, the three-level nutritional relationship of plant-pest mite (target prey)-predatory mite is mainly used for predatory mite breeding. However, plants and target prey cannot be infected by non-target prey, otherwise it will lead to insufficient food for predatory mites and there is a risk of extinction; and the ratio of predatory mites and target prey needs to be strictly controlled when they are raised at the same time, otherwise the target prey will develop too fast, which will lead to the deterioration of the breeding environment, thereby reducing the development rate of predatory mites. It can be seen that the current breeding process is complicated and the conditions are demanding, and the breeding cost of predatory mites is high and the risk is high. Relevant studies have shown that artificial feeds for predatory mites can be used to feed some predatory mites of the Phytoseiidae family, but the current artificial feeds are all in liquid state, their utilization rate is low, and the breeding efficiency of predatory mites is not high. Summary of the invention

[0003] The invention provides a method for preparing a predatory mite feed and a method for raising predatory mites, so as to solve the technical problem of high cost of raising predatory mites.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a predatory mite feed, wherein the predatory mite feed comprises 50% to 80% of a basic artificial feed and 20% to 50% of a biomass in percentage by mass; the basic artificial feed comprises the following raw material components in percentage by mass: 8% to 15% of egg yolk liquid, 3% to 10% of yeast extract powder, 3% to 10% of sucrose, 0% to 5% of peptone, 3% to 10% of honey, 0% to 0.5% of potassium sorbate, 0% to 0.5% of parabens, and 65% to 80% of purified water;

[0005] The preparation method of the predatory mite feed comprises the following steps:

[0006] S11, adding egg yolk liquid, yeast extract powder, sucrose, honey and purified water into a homogenizer in proportion and mixing them thoroughly, then adding potassium sorbate and parabens and continuing to mix thoroughly to obtain a basic artificial feed;

[0007] S12, adding the basic artificial feed obtained in S11 and the biomass into a mixer in proportion, and mixing them thoroughly into a semi-fluid mixture;

[0008] S13, using instantaneous low-temperature freeze-drying technology to freeze-dry the semi-fluid mixture into a solid state to obtain predatory mite feed.

[0009] In some embodiments, the biomass includes one or more of insect eggs, insect pupal fluid, spider mites, flour mites, and sweet fruit mites.

[0010] In some embodiments, the predatory mite feed obtained in S13 is stored at -18°C.

[0011] In some embodiments, the basic artificial feed includes the following raw material components by mass percentage:

[0012] Egg yolk liquid 10%-15%, yeast extract powder 5%-8%, sucrose 4%-8%, peptone 0-5%, honey 5%-8%, potassium sorbate 0.2%-0.3%, parabens 0.3%-0.5%, purified water 70%-80%.

[0013] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for raising predatory mites, comprising the following steps:

[0014] S21, putting predatory mite feed into a breeding container covered with a breeding medium, the mass ratio between the amount of the predatory mite feed put in and the amount of the breeding medium laid is 1:(5-10), and the predatory mite feed is prepared based on the above preparation method;

[0015] S22, inoculating predatory mites into a breeding container, wherein the ratio between the amount of predatory mites inoculated and the amount of predatory mite feed added is (400 to 500): 1 g;

[0016] S23, placing the breeding container in a completely dark culture room with a humidity of 70% to 90%, a temperature of 20° C. to 29° C., and no lighting, until the number of predatory mites on the container wall of the breeding container reaches a preset value, then the breeding is terminated;

[0017] S24, pouring the predatory mites and the feeding medium in the feeding container into the packaging bottle, adding a proper amount of predatory mite feed, and storing the packaging bottle in an environment with a temperature of 10° C. to 20° C. and a humidity of 70% to 90%.

[0018] In some embodiments, the predatory mite is Neoseiulus californicus, Serratia mexicana, Amblyseiulus pubescens, or Tyloseiidae.

[0019] In some embodiments, the breeding medium in S21 is sterilized in a hot drying machine for 3.5 hours to 4.5 hours at a temperature of 80°C to 95°C before being laid in the breeding container; the breeding medium is one or more of vermiculite, wheat bran, rice bran, stalk crushed material or sawdust.

[0020] In some embodiments, the predatory mite feed in S21 is placed in an environment with a temperature of 25° C. to 29° C. and a humidity of 88% to 92% for 3 min to 5 min before being put into the breeding container.

[0021] In some of the embodiments, in S23, after 7 days of feeding, if the number of predatory mites on the container wall of the feeding container has not reached a preset value, predatory mite feed is added again, and feeding is continued for 7 to 10 days until the number of predatory mites on the container wall of the feeding container reaches a preset value, and the feeding is terminated.

[0022] In some of the embodiments, in S24, the ratio between the amount of predatory mite feed added and the capacity of the packaging bottle is 1 g:500 ml.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The present invention prepares a freeze-dried feed for predatory mites for feeding predatory mites, which can replace the traditional feeding scheme of plants-harmful mites-predatory mites. The whole feeding process is simple and the conditions are controllable and easy to control, which effectively reduces the feeding difficulty and feeding cost; at the same time, the predatory mite feed is prepared in a freeze-dried form, which can improve the feed utilization rate and facilitate the predatory mites to feed, the female multiplication multiple can reach 4.7 times, and the total predatory mite multiplication multiple is 4.8 times, thereby improving the reproduction efficiency of the predatory mites. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the above-mentioned purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention, so the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0026] As used herein, the term "prepared from" is synonymous with "comprising." As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the listed elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0027] When amount, concentration or other value or parameter is expressed as range, preferred range or a series of upper preferred value and lower preferred value limit range, this should be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed by any pairing of any range upper limit or preferred value and any range lower limit or preferred value, regardless of whether the range is disclosed separately. For example, when disclosing range "1 to 5", described range should be interpreted as including range "1 to 4", "1 to 3", "1 to 2", "1 to 2 and 4 to 5", "1 to 3 and 5" etc. When numerical range is described in this article, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include its end value and all integers and fractions within the range.

[0028] In addition, the indefinite articles "a" and "an" before the elements or components of the present invention have no restrictions on the quantity requirements (i.e. the number of occurrences) of the elements or components. Therefore, "a" or "an" should be interpreted as including one or at least one, and the elements or components in the singular form also include the plural form, unless the number is obviously intended to be in the singular form.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] The artificial diet components of AD1 included: 5% honey, 5% sucrose, 5% peptone, 5% yeast extract powder, 10% egg yolk and 70% purified water;

[0032] The artificial diet components of AD2 include: 80% AD1 + 20% Mediterranean pink moth eggs (grinding liquid);

[0033] The artificial feed components of AD3 include: 80% AD1 + 20% calamus pollen;

[0034] The artificial feed components of AD4 include: 80% AD1 + 20% grinding liquid of female spider mites.

[0035] Preparation method: The components of the artificial feed are fully mixed to obtain liquid artificial feeds AD1, AD2, AD3 and AD4 respectively.

[0036] The artificial diets AD1, AD2, AD3 and AD4 were used to feed the California Neoseiulus mites respectively, and the predatory mite diet AD2 was further used to feed the California Neoseiulus mites for 4 generations and 7 generations. The feeding results are shown in Table 1:

[0037] Table 1 The results of rearing Neoseiulus californicus using AD1, AD2, AD3 and AD4

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] Combined with Table 1, it can be seen that there is no significant difference in the egg stage and larval stage of California neoseiulus under natural prey and artificial diet conditions, but the development period of nymphs can be significantly extended under artificial diet conditions. The total egg production of California neoseiulus under artificial diet is significantly lower than that under natural prey. Among the four artificial diets, the egg production of California neoseiulus under artificial diet 2 (AD2) is the highest. California neoseiulus was continuously raised with AD2, and the lifespan and egg production of California neoseiulus did not change significantly. After four generations of continuous raising under AD2, the predation and egg-laying abilities of California neoseiulus were significantly reduced in the first day when inoculated on natural prey, but after two days of adaptation, the predation and egg-laying abilities of California neoseiulus were significantly restored. It can be seen that artificial diets containing Mediterranean pink moth eggs can be used for large-scale breeding of California neoseiulus.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] Example of preparing predatory mite feed:

[0043] S11, according to the mass percentage, adding 10% of egg yolk liquid, 10% of yeast extract powder, 4.5% of sucrose, 5% of honey and 70% of purified water into a homogenizer and mixing them thoroughly, and then adding 0.2% of potassium sorbate and 0.3% of paraben and continuing to mix thoroughly to obtain a basic artificial feed;

[0044] S12, adding 50% of the basic artificial feed obtained in S11 and 50% of the Mediterranean pink moth eggs (grinding liquid) into a blender by mass percentage, and mixing them thoroughly into a semi-fluid mixture;

[0045] S13, using instantaneous low-temperature freeze-drying technology, the semi-fluid mixture is freeze-dried into a solid state to obtain a predatory mite feed, which is stored at -18°C for later use.

[0046] Predatory mite breeding example:

[0047] S21, placing the feeding medium in a hot drying machine for sterilization and drying for 4 hours, the sterilization temperature is 90° C., laying the sterilized feeding medium in a feeding container for standby use, the feeding medium is vermiculite and wheat bran; taking the predatory mite feed prepared in the above example and placing it in an environment with a temperature of 27° C. and an ambient humidity of 90% for 4 minutes;

[0048] Putting predatory mite feed into a breeding container paved with a breeding medium, the mass ratio between the amount of the predatory mite feed put in and the amount of the breeding medium laid is 1:8, and the breeding container is provided with a gauze net to ensure good ventilation with the outside;

[0049] S22, the breeding container was inoculated with Neoseiulus californicus, and the ratio between the inoculated amount of Neoseiulus californicus and the amount of predatory mite feed was 450:1g;

[0050] S23, placing the breeding container in a completely dark culture room with a humidity of 70%, a temperature of 26°C and no lighting, and breeding for 18 days, during which time an appropriate amount of predatory mite feed is added;

[0051] S24, mix the Neoseiulus californicus mites and the breeding medium in the breeding container evenly, weigh 1g and check the number of Neoseiulus californicus mites under a dissecting microscope, and randomly select 10 containers for each batch for inspection; when an average of 1g of feed contains more than 200 adult Neoseiulus californicus mites, the feed is packaged in bottles; the predatory mites are packaged in plastic bottles, and the bottle caps need to be provided with breathable and escape-proof structures such as gauze or gauze; add an appropriate amount of predatory mite feed, and store the packaging bottles in an environment with a temperature of 10°C to 20°C and a humidity of 70% to 90%.

[0052] The feeding results of the California New Microseius mites were raised at 26°C and 70% relative humidity for 18 days (the initial density of the California New Microseius mites was 100 female adult mites and 50 male adult mites) as shown in Table 2:

[0053]

[0054] As shown in Table 2, the California New Small Seiurus mite can complete growth and development under the artificial feed referred to in the present invention. The development period is not significantly different from that under natural prey (two-spotted spider mite), and the average period is 7 days. When the survival rate of the maternal population is greater than 40%, the average daily egg production is greater than 1, the overall female ratio of offspring is greater than 50%, and the average survival rate of offspring is also greater than 50%. From the first day to the fourteenth day, 100 female adult mites laid a total of 1401 eggs, and there were 470 female adult mites in the offspring, and a total of 720 predatory mites were produced. The female multiplication multiple can reach 4.7 times, and the total predatory mite multiplication multiple is 4.8 times. Obviously, the use of artificial feed and the feeding method in this embodiment can effectively improve the reproduction efficiency of predatory mites.

[0055] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0056] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. It is particularly pointed out that for those skilled in the art, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a predatory mite feed, characterized in that: The predatory mite feed comprises 50% to 80% of basic artificial feed and 20% to 50% of biomass in percentage by mass; the basic artificial feed comprises the following raw material components in percentage by mass: 8% to 15% of egg yolk liquid, 3% to 10% of yeast extract powder, 3% to 10% of sucrose, 0% to 5% of peptone, 3% to 10% of honey, 0% to 0.5% of potassium sorbate, 0% to 0.5% of parabens, and 65% to 80% of purified water; The preparation method of the predatory mite feed comprises the following steps: S11, adding egg yolk liquid, yeast extract powder, sucrose, honey and purified water into a homogenizer in proportion and mixing them thoroughly, then adding potassium sorbate and parabens and continuing to mix thoroughly to obtain a basic artificial feed; S12, adding the basic artificial feed obtained in S11 and the biomass into a mixer in proportion, and mixing them thoroughly into a semi-fluid mixture; S13, using instantaneous low-temperature freeze-drying technology to freeze-dry the semi-fluid mixture into a solid state to obtain predatory mite feed.

2. The method for preparing the predatory mite feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biomass includes one or more of insect eggs, insect pupa fluid, spider mites, flour mites and sweet fruit mites.

3. The method for preparing the predatory mite feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The predatory mite feed obtained in S13 is stored in an environment of -18°C.

4. The method for preparing the predatory mite feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basic artificial feed comprises the following raw material components by mass percentage: Egg yolk liquid 10%-15%, yeast extract powder 5%-8%, sucrose 4%-8%, peptone 0-5%, honey 5%-8%, potassium sorbate 0.2%-0.3%, parabens 0.3%-0.5%, purified water 70%-80%.

5. A method for raising predatory mites, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S21, placing a predatory mite feed into a breeding container paved with a breeding medium, wherein the mass ratio of the amount of the predatory mite feed placed to the amount of the breeding medium laid is 1:(5-10), and the predatory mite feed is prepared based on the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4; S22, inoculating predatory mites into a breeding container, wherein the ratio between the amount of predatory mites inoculated and the amount of predatory mite feed added is (400 to 500): 1 g; S23, placing the breeding container in a completely dark culture room with a humidity of 70% to 90%, a temperature of 20° C. to 29° C., and no lighting, until the number of predatory mites on the container wall of the breeding container reaches a preset value, then the breeding is terminated; S24, pouring the predatory mites and the feeding medium in the feeding container into the packaging bottle, adding a proper amount of predatory mite feed, and storing the packaging bottle in an environment with a temperature of 10° C. to 20° C. and a humidity of 70% to 90%.

6. The method for raising predatory mites according to claim 5, characterized in that: The predatory mite is a California neoseiulus, a Mexican serrata, a blunt-haired mite or a South African serovar.

7. The method for raising predatory mites according to claim 5, characterized in that: The breeding medium in S21 is sterilized in a hot drying machine for 3.5 hours to 4.5 hours before being laid in the breeding container, and the sterilization temperature is 80° C. to 95° C.; the breeding medium is one or more of vermiculite, wheat bran, rice bran, stalk crushed material or sawdust.

8. The method for raising predatory mites according to claim 5, characterized in that: The predatory mite feed in S21 is placed in an environment with a temperature of 25° C. to 29° C. and a humidity of 88% to 92% for 3 to 5 minutes before being put into the breeding container.

9. The method for raising predatory mites according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S23, after 7 days of feeding, if the number of predatory mites on the container wall of the feeding container does not reach the preset value, predatory mite feed is added again, and feeding is continued for 7 to 10 days until the number of predatory mites on the container wall of the feeding container reaches the preset value, and the feeding is terminated.

10. The method for raising predatory mites according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S24, the ratio between the amount of predatory mite feed added and the capacity of the packaging bottle is 1 g:500 ml.

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