Urban historical mountain landscape database construction method and platform based on GIS and BIM

Abstract

The invention discloses an urban historical mountain landscape database construction method and platform based on GIS and BIM. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring historical geographic information and historical surveying and mapping photography data of a target city; performing type division and attribute labeling on the spatial information of the target city based on historical geographic information through a GIS system platform, and generating a spatial information data total library; the GIS system platform and the BIM system platform are combined to carry out three-dimensional modeling on the building and mountain environment of the target city based on historical surveying and mapping photography data, and a total spatial model data library is generated; generating an associated data graph layer based on a GIS system platform for the target city; and constructing an urban historical mountain landscape database of the target city based on the spatial information data general library, the spatial information data general library and the associated data layer. According to the invention, three-dimensional modeling is carried out on the urban building and mountain environment by combining the GIS and the BIM system platform, and the modeling precision of the small and medium-sized building environment and the low mountain can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of landscape architecture and big data technology, and in particular to a method and platform for constructing a city historical mountain landscape database based on GIS and BIM. Background Art

[0002] In ancient China, there was a tradition of city planning and landscape construction of "building cities on mountains and taking advantage of the terrain", which made the historical mountain scenery of Chinese cities often undergo profound cultural evolution and accumulation of relics, shaping a unique urban historical landscape. Therefore, identifying the historical and cultural resources of mountain scenery and analyzing the landscape space to enhance its value as a heritage is the focus of current research on the protection of urban historical landscapes.

[0003] Building a database of urban historical mountain landscapes is an important means of protecting and managing these valuable resources. The database can centrally store and manage multi-dimensional spatial information such as space, attributes, and historical images of mountain landscapes, providing comprehensive and accurate data support for urban planning and mountain protection. Through data analysis and report generation functions, governments and relevant agencies can make decisions more scientifically and promote the sustainable development of mountain landscapes. The establishment of a database can also improve data query speed and enhance data security. More importantly, the establishment of a database of urban historical mountain landscapes will also help to explore and inherit the historical culture of the city. Through digital means, the historical changes, cultural legends and other information of the mountain landscape can be recorded and displayed, allowing citizens and tourists to have a deeper understanding of the city's past and present, and enhance their sense of identity and belonging to the city.

[0004] In the current process of constructing the urban historical mountain landscape database, the historical information extracted is relatively fragmented, and the implicit spatial laws and geographic information are difficult to explore. Based on ArcGIS, webGIS and other platforms, the garden literature and historical materials are integrated to establish a geographic information system for urban historical mountain landscape resources. It can not only classify, locate and analyze the visual structure of spatial coordinates, but also display the quantitative distribution, evolution trend and influencing factors of each key element of "mountain-city-landscape", which is helpful for further in-depth interpretation and analysis of its diachronic formation mechanism. However, the current GIS technology has outstanding advantages in land use analysis in large-scale geographical environments, but has limited accuracy in small and medium-scale architectural environments and low mountains, resulting in the problems of low data comprehensiveness and accuracy in the constructed urban historical mountain landscape database. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to provide a method for constructing a city historical mountain landscape database based on GIS and BIM, by combining GIS and BIM system platforms to perform three-dimensional modeling of the city's buildings and mountain environment, improve the modeling accuracy of small and medium-scale building environments and low mountains, thereby improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the data for constructing the city's historical mountain landscape database.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The construction method of urban historical mountain landscape database based on GIS and BIM includes:

[0008] S1: Acquire historical geographic information and historical surveying and mapping photography data of the target city;

[0009] S2: Classify and attribute the spatial information of the target city based on historical geographic information through the GIS system platform to generate a spatial information database;

[0010] S3: Combine the GIS system platform and the BIM system platform to perform 3D modeling of the buildings and mountain environment of the target city based on historical surveying and mapping photography data, and generate a spatial model data library;

[0011] S4: Generate linked data layers based on the GIS system platform for the target city;

[0012] S5: Construct an urban historical mountain landscape database of the target city based on the spatial information database, the spatial information database and the associated data layer.

[0013] Preferably, in step S1, the historical geographical information includes historical atlases and local archaeological data;

[0014] In step S2, the specific processing steps for generating the spatial information database are as follows:

[0015] S201: Obtain historical atlases and local archaeological data of the target city as basic data for generating a spatial information database;

[0016] S202: Establish a unified working base map and coordinate system; convert historical maps of various historical periods into corresponding map raster images; align the map raster images of various historical periods to the unified working base map and coordinate system through the GIS system platform to obtain the working base map of the target city in various historical periods;

[0017] S203: extract classified historical landscape elements from historical atlases and local archaeological data; according to different time sections, place the historical landscape elements on the working base map of the target city in the corresponding historical period to achieve spatial positioning of the historical landscape elements in a unified coordinate system;

[0018] S204: dividing the historical landscape elements in the working base map of the target city in various historical periods into several types of spatial information data subsets through the symbolization rules of the GIS system platform;

[0019] S205: integrating the attributes of historical landscape elements through the attribute table in the GIS system platform, and adding attribute data to each type of spatial information data subset;

[0020] S206: Integrate each type of spatial information data subset into the spatial information data repository.

[0021] Preferably, in step S204, the historical landscape elements in the working base map of the target city in each historical period are divided into three data set types: point, line, and surface according to the symbolization rules of the GIS system platform; the three data set types of point, line, and surface are further divided into nine types of spatial information data subsets: historical sites, scenic spots, peaks, lakes, roads, building plots, rivers, city walls, and gardens;

[0022] The point dataset includes historical sites, scenic spots and mountains; the line dataset includes roads, rivers and city walls; and the surface dataset includes building plots, lakes and gardens.

[0023] Preferably, in step S206, corresponding spatial information data sub-databases are established in the spatial information data master database according to historical periods;

[0024] Each spatial information data sub-database includes nine types of spatial information data subsets, namely, historical sites, scenic spots, mountains, lakes, roads, building plots, rivers, city walls and gardens in the corresponding historical period.

[0025] Preferably, in step S1, the historical surveying and mapping photographic data includes historical surveying and mapping atlases, historical geospatial data and oblique photogrammetric data;

[0026] In step S3, the specific processing steps for generating the spatial model data library are as follows:

[0027] S301: Construct BIM models of buildings and cities in various historical periods based on the historical surveying and mapping atlas of the target city through the BIM system platform;

[0028] S302: Identify the natural mountains within the target city based on the historical geospatial data and oblique photogrammetry data of the target city through the GIS system platform, and then establish the CityGML model of the mountain environment in each historical period in combination with the basic geographic information of the city;

[0029] S303: converting the format of the building city BIM model into a format recognizable by the GIS system platform;

[0030] S304: converting the relative coordinate system of the building city BIM model into the absolute coordinate system of the mountain environment CityGML model, and converting the spatial rectangular coordinate system of the building city BIM model into the geodetic coordinate system of the mountain environment CityGML model;

[0031] S305: fusing the converted building city BIM model and mountain environment CityGML model with scene data of the corresponding historical period, and optimizing the fused building city BIM model and mountain environment CityGML model;

[0032] S306: Integrate the architectural city BIM model and mountain environment CityGML model after scene data fusion and optimization into the spatial model data library.

[0033] Preferably, in step S301, the architectural city BIM model includes a refined model of the cultural core building and a white model of the historical city building;

[0034] In step S302, the mountain environment CityGML model includes small and medium-sized mountain oblique image models and a large mountain CityGML model.

[0035] Preferably, in step S304, the relative coordinate system is converted into the absolute coordinate system by the following formula:

[0036]

[0037] in

[0038] Where: (x, y, z) represents the coordinates of the building city BIM model in the absolute coordinate system; n =1, 2, ..., m, where m represents the number of iterations of the building city BIM model during coordinate transformation; (a, b, c) represents the coordinates of the building city BIM model in the relative coordinate system (the initial Cartesian coordinate point during coordinate transformation); α, β, γ represent the rotation angles around x, y, and z during coordinate transformation, respectively;

[0039] The conversion from the spatial rectangular coordinate system to the geodetic coordinate system is realized by the following formula:

[0040] 1) Convert the spatial coordinate system (x, y, z) to the geocentric rectangular coordinate system (X, Y, Z)

[0041]

[0042] Where: (X, Y, Z) represents the coordinates of the building city BIM model in the geocentric rectangular coordinate system; λ and h represent the longitude, latitude and elevation of the building city BIM model in the spatial coordinate system; N represents the radius of curvature of the yoke; e represents the first eccentricity;

[0043] 2) Convert the geocentric rectangular coordinate system (X, Y, Z) to the geodetic coordinate system (B, L, H)

[0044]

[0045]

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] In the formula: 9B, L, H) represent the coordinates of the building city BIM model in the geodetic coordinate system; A represents the major semi-axis of the ellipsoid.

[0049] Preferably, in step S305, corresponding spatial model data sub-libraries are established in the spatial model data master library according to historical periods;

[0050] Each spatial model data sub-library includes the BIM model of the building city and the CityGML model of the mountain environment in the corresponding historical period.

[0051] Preferably, in step S4, the specific processing steps for generating the associated data layer are as follows:

[0052] S401: Acquire urban remote sensing data, ecological environment data and urban construction data of the target city;

[0053] S402: After pre-processing the urban remote sensing data, ecological environment data and urban construction data, convert them into a format supported by the GIS system platform, and unify the coordinate system and projection method;

[0054] S403: Associating different data based on geographic location or attributes through the spatial connection function of the GIS system platform; integrating the associated data into a layer to form an associated data layer;

[0055] S404: Set the attribute fields and styles of the associated data layer as needed.

[0056] The present invention also discloses an urban historical mountain landscape data platform based on spatial information technology, including:

[0057] The infrastructure layer is used to provide infrastructure support, including computing resources, storage resources and network resources; wherein the storage resources store the urban historical mountain landscape database constructed by the urban historical mountain landscape database and construction method of the present invention;

[0058] The data layer is used to exchange data with the spatial information database, the spatial information database and the associated data layer in the urban historical mountain landscape database through the infrastructure layer;

[0059] The platform service layer is used to provide map services, spatial analysis services and data fusion services based on the data in the data layer, including map rendering, attribute query, spatial relationship analysis, buffer zone analysis, and fusion processing of BIM data and GIS data;

[0060] The application layer is used to build modules that implement specific application functions based on the services provided by the platform service layer, including basic function modules, information query modules, spatial analysis modules, and entity mapping modules;

[0061] in:

[0062] Basic function module, used to provide basic map operation functions, including scene positioning, map zooming in and out, and area distance measurement;

[0063] Information query module, used for querying images by attributes and images by attributes;

[0064] Spatial analysis module, used to provide buffer analysis and spatial relationship analysis;

[0065] The entity mapping module is used to support three-dimensional scene mapping and two-dimensional map mapping.

[0066] Compared with the prior art, the method for constructing a city historical mountain landscape database based on GIS and BIM in the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0067] In the present invention, firstly, the spatial information of the city is classified and attributed by using the GIS system platform, which can accurately identify the specific attributes and categories of each plot, street, building and mountain in the city, thereby improving the data and comprehensiveness of the construction of the city's historical mountain landscape database. Secondly, the buildings and mountain environment of the target city are three-dimensionally modeled based on historical surveying and mapping photography data by combining the GIS and BIM system platforms. On the one hand, the buildings and mountain landscapes of the city can be restored more realistically and stereoscopically through three-dimensional visualization, and the overall picture and details of the city's historical mountain landscape can also be intuitively understood; on the other hand, by combining the BIM technology, the shortcomings of GIS in three-dimensional accuracy and information data can be effectively solved, which not only helps to identify the characteristics of the historical landscape, but also improves the three-dimensional display effect, so as to finely display the relationship between the mountain and the city's historical space, thereby improving the data accuracy of the construction of the city's historical mountain landscape database. Then, an associated data layer based on the GIS system platform is generated for the target city, and data of different types and sources are organically integrated. This multi-level data integration method helps to reveal the inherent connection and evolution law of the city's historical mountain landscape, and monitor and protect the ecological safety of the mountain. Finally, the urban historical mountain landscape database of the target city was constructed based on the spatial information database, spatial model database and associated data layers. This database construction method can ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the urban historical mountain landscape data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0068] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0069] Figure 1 and Figure 2 The logical block diagram and overall flow chart of the method for building a database of urban historical mountain landscapes;

[0070] Figure 3 An example of spatial information extraction;

[0071] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the spatial model database;

[0072] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the application layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but only represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0074] The following is a further detailed description through specific implementation methods:

[0075] Embodiment 1:

[0076] This embodiment discloses a method for constructing an urban historical mountain landscape database based on GIS and BIM.

[0077] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the construction method of urban historical mountain landscape database based on GIS and BIM includes:

[0078] S1: Acquire historical geographic information and historical surveying and mapping photography data of the target city;

[0079] In this embodiment, historical geographic information includes historical atlases (historical atlases) and local archaeological data (text data); historical surveying and mapping photogrammetric data includes historical surveying and mapping atlases, historical geographic spatial data and oblique photogrammetric data. The data also needs to be registered and corrected.

[0080] S2: Classify and attribute the spatial information of the target city based on historical geographic information through the GIS system platform to generate a spatial information database;

[0081] S3: Combine the GIS system platform and the BIM system platform to perform 3D modeling of the buildings and mountain environment of the target city based on historical surveying and mapping photography data, and generate a spatial model data library;

[0082] S4: Generate linked data layers based on the GIS system platform for the target city;

[0083] S5: Construct an urban historical mountain landscape database of the target city based on the spatial information database, the spatial information database and the associated data layer.

[0084] In the present invention, firstly, the spatial information of the city is classified and attributed by using the GIS system platform, which can accurately identify the specific attributes and categories of each plot, street, building and mountain in the city, thereby improving the data and comprehensiveness of the construction of the city's historical mountain landscape database. Secondly, the buildings and mountain environment of the target city are three-dimensionally modeled based on historical surveying and mapping photography data by combining the GIS and BIM system platforms. On the one hand, the buildings and mountain landscapes of the city can be restored more realistically and stereoscopically through three-dimensional visualization, and the overall picture and details of the city's historical mountain landscape can also be intuitively understood; on the other hand, by combining the BIM technology, the shortcomings of GIS in three-dimensional accuracy and information data can be effectively solved, which not only helps to identify the characteristics of the historical landscape, but also improves the three-dimensional display effect, so as to finely display the relationship between the mountain and the city's historical space, thereby improving the data accuracy of the construction of the city's historical mountain landscape database. Then, an associated data layer based on the GIS system platform is generated for the target city, and data of different types and sources are organically integrated. This multi-level data integration method helps to reveal the inherent connection and evolution law of the city's historical mountain landscape, and monitor and protect the ecological safety of the mountain. Finally, the urban historical mountain landscape database of the target city was constructed based on the spatial information database, spatial model database and associated data layers. This database construction method can ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the urban historical mountain landscape data.

[0085] The urban historical mountain landscape database constructed by the present invention not only contains geographic information data, but also integrates multiple data such as oral history materials, archaeological materials and ancient text materials, realizes the digital storage and visual display of historical information, and the database can also use link coding technology to associate and integrate data from different sources and different formats to form an organic and unified data system, supporting more complex and in-depth research on urban historical mountain landscape. At the same time, by applying the urban historical mountain landscape database to the field of urban planning and design, it can provide scientific and efficient data support for the sustainable development of the city, and can also more deeply understand the historical and cultural background and natural geographical environment of the city, provide a more comprehensive, accurate and targeted reference basis for urban planning and design, help to improve the cultural heritage and historical value of the city, and promote the sustainable development of the city. In addition, from the perspective of urban historical mountain landscape, the historical culture of the city is deeply studied, breaking through the limitations of traditional urban planning and design fields that only focus on modernity and functionality, incorporating historical and cultural factors into the research scope, emphasizing the historical and cultural inheritance and ecological protection of the city, helping to enhance the cultural soft power and competitiveness of the city, and promoting the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of the city.

[0086] In order to better introduce the technical solution of the present invention, this embodiment is described through the following parts.

[0087] 1. Spatial Information Database

[0088] The spatial information database divides the spatial types and establishes sub-databases according to the historical cycle and time nodes to integrate the development history of each construction point. The spatial information data of the spatial information database and sub-databases are all in the form of point feature data in the GIS information data storage platform, forming a distribution map of the scenic spot spatial information database.

[0089] Combination Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the specific processing steps for generating the spatial information database are as follows:

[0090] S201: Obtain historical atlases and local archaeological data of the target city as basic data for generating a spatial information database;

[0091] S202: Establish a unified working base map and (such as WGS-84) coordinate system; convert (paper) historical maps of various historical periods into corresponding map raster images; align the map raster images of various historical periods to the unified working base map and coordinate system through the GIS system platform to obtain the working base map of the target city in various historical periods.

[0092] In this embodiment, in order to facilitate subsequent spatial analysis and processing, the mouse tracking vectorization and program automatic vectorization methods can be applied to convert the map raster image into vector data.

[0093] During the registration process, important historical landscape elements that still exist are selected as control points through data verification and analysis. The selection of registration control points is mainly based on the principle of balanced distribution. Surface elements such as rivers and lakes, linear elements such as streets and roads, and point elements such as buildings and spatial nodes can be selected.

[0094] S203: extract classified historical landscape elements from historical atlases and local archaeological data; according to different time sections, place the historical landscape elements on the working base map of the target city in the corresponding historical period to achieve spatial positioning of the historical landscape elements in a unified coordinate system;

[0095] In this embodiment, the historical landscape elements include six types of information: historical sites, government offices, mountains and rivers, scenic spots, cities, and gardens.

[0096] S204: dividing the historical landscape elements in the working base map of the target city in various historical periods into several types of spatial information data subsets through the symbolization rules of the GIS system platform;

[0097] S205: integrating the attributes of historical landscape elements through the attribute table in the GIS system platform, and adding attribute data to each type of spatial information data subset;

[0098] In this embodiment, each piece of spatial information has a lot of attribute data, and the attribute data expresses semantic information, spatiotemporal information, quantity information, and level information. As shown in Table 1, taking the scenic spot as an example, its attribute data includes the name of the scenic spot, the existence time, the type of scenic spot, the landscape sight, the relative position, the image description, and the historical image. Various types of attribute data are organized in a two-dimensional table to facilitate storage management of commercial database management systems, query by structured query language, i.e., SQL statements, spatial statistics, and analysis of data. According to the humanistic attributes of the city's historical mountain scenery, it is divided into the following sub-levels, and the collected historical data is sorted and input.

[0099] Table 1 System architecture of scenic spot attribute data

[0100]

[0101] S206: Integrate each type of spatial information data subset into the spatial information data repository.

[0102] The present invention provides map registration and vectorization tools through the GIS system platform to register the map raster images of various historical periods to a unified working base map and coordinate system, thereby ensuring the accuracy and spatial consistency of historical spatial information. At the same time, the GIS system platform supports the conversion and positioning of spatial information, and realizes the spatial positioning and data set division of historical landscape elements through the setting of time sections and the application of symbolization rules. In addition, the GIS system platform provides attribute data management and query functions, and realizes structured storage and efficient query of data through the organization of two-dimensional tables and the division of sub-levels.

[0103] Combination Figure 3 As shown in the figure, according to the symbolization rules of the GIS system platform, the historical landscape elements in the working base map of the target city in various historical periods are divided into three data set types: point, line, and surface; the three data set types of point, line, and surface are further divided into nine types of spatial information data subsets: historical sites, scenic spots, mountains, lakes, roads, building plots, rivers, city walls, and gardens;

[0104] As shown in Table 2, the point dataset includes historical sites, scenic spots and mountains; the line dataset includes roads, rivers and city walls; and the surface dataset includes building plots, lakes and gardens.

[0105] Table 2

[0106]

[0107] For example, data such as city walls, building plots, and roads are mainly drawn based on the aligned historical map. The coordinate positioning of each point data is based on the information marked on the historical map and combined with field surveys. For data with physical remains, the Baidu coordinate picker can be used to pick up the POI coordinates. For data without physical remains, fuzzy positioning can be performed based on the topological relationship of surrounding landmarks through field exploration of the surrounding area. Ancient river and ancient lake data can be downloaded from the CHGIS platform. Open source data can be cropped into sets by individual grids.

[0108] The six types of historical sites, government offices, mountains and rivers, scenic spots, cities and gardens are textual contents in ancient books and do not have very accurate spatial information, so it is necessary to manually understand the content and make screening and judgment. The present invention marks and vectorizes the working base map, converts it into three types of data sets: points, lines and surfaces to complete digitization, and then converts the historical landscape elements into nine types of spatial information data sets according to the spatial characteristics of different types of historical landscape elements.

[0109] In this embodiment, a corresponding spatial information data sub-database is established in the spatial information data master database according to the historical period; each spatial information data sub-database includes nine types of spatial information data subsets of the corresponding historical period, namely, historical sites, scenic spots, peaks, lakes, roads, building plots, rivers, city walls and gardens. Since historical landscapes are constantly changing dynamically, the spatial models of different historical periods are different, so it is necessary to establish spatial information data sub-databases for distinction.

[0110] 2. Spatial Model Database

[0111] 1. Data Collection

[0112] The spatial model database includes two sub-databases: the building model and the mountain environment model. Both are constructed in different periods to manage data from different periods from a temporal perspective. The historical changes in the urban historical mountain landscape are a process of multi-layer historical dynamic superposition. Data collection uses the information of the historical geographic spatial database of the key technology, and combines the collation and analysis of historical documents and historical maps to construct a spatial model database from the Three Kingdoms to the Republic of China in layers. The specific construction process is as follows:

[0113] The building model is constructed using Revit software, including the main structure of the building, auxiliary components, etc. Since the three-dimensional data involved in urban space data is usually large in volume, the loading time may be too long when the data is fused, and the labor cost is difficult to control. Therefore, for general urban space information such as historical city forms and streets, Revit software is used to construct the white model of historical city information buildings, while for key cultural core buildings such as scenic spots and historical sites, refined building models are constructed to achieve key protection.

[0114] Through GIS technology, large natural mountains within the city are identified and located, and then the CityGML model is directly established in combination with the collected basic urban geographic information to achieve data scene conversion of large natural mountains. However, small natural mountains in graphic historical materials are often unable to be identified and modeled together with large mountains due to insufficient data accuracy. For these mountains, relevant descriptions in local chronicles and maps and on-site visits are used to roughly restore them before inclined modeling: image data of ground objects is obtained through field aerial photography, and computer vision principles are used to automatically identify and match points of the same name to generate a three-dimensional dense point cloud. An irregular triangulated network (TIN) is constructed based on the point cloud, and the three-dimensional model of the model terrain is reconstructed by combining image data and ground control point information. For mountains or key buildings that have been damaged during the historical evolution process, point information is stored in GIS in the form of geographic registration.

[0115] 2. Data conversion

[0116] BIM data and GIS data have different data source information, which makes BIM data unable to be loaded in the GIS platform. Therefore, the data export plug-in developed by SuperMap is used to convert the BIM model from IFC format to a format recognizable by the GIS platform, such as UDBX, and read it in the multi-source data reading software SuperMap. After that, the coordinate system conversion is required to ensure the accuracy of the data. The coordinates in the IFC model use a spatial rectangular coordinate system based on the project origin. Buildings, building floors, and building components are located through the relative coordinate system referenced by the lower layer of this coordinate system; while the construction of the CityGML model is based on a unified absolute coordinate system, and the geodetic coordinate system is used to determine the spatial geographic location. Therefore, the conversion of BIM data to GIS data requires the conversion of the relative coordinate system to the absolute coordinate system and the conversion of the spatial rectangular coordinate system to the geodetic coordinate system.

[0117] Based on the spatial coordinate conversion formula, the conversion of BIM model to GIS scene coordinates is realized. The former realizes the unification of the coordinate system in the model, and the latter is used to convert the spatial rectangular coordinate system into the geodetic coordinate system used by the geographic information system to ensure the accurate positioning of the model in the geographic space.

[0118] 3. Data Integration

[0119] The SuperMap software platform is used to fuse the converted BIM models (fine models, city white models), CityGML models and oblique photography models (small and medium-sized low mountains) with scene data of the corresponding historical period. After fusion, the model position and posture are adjusted to ensure the consistency of the two in three-dimensional space. The fused model is optimized, including terrain matching, model flattening and texture mapping.

[0120] Combination Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the specific processing steps for generating the spatial model data library are as follows:

[0121] S301: Construct BIM models of buildings and cities in various historical periods based on the historical surveying and mapping atlas of the target city through the BIM system platform;

[0122] In this embodiment, the Revit software is used to construct the BIM model of the target city's buildings, including the main structure and auxiliary components. For general urban space information (such as historical city forms and streets), a white model of the historical city information is constructed; for key cultural core buildings (such as scenic spots and historical sites), a refined architectural model is constructed.

[0123] S302: Identify the natural mountains within the target city based on the historical geospatial data and oblique photogrammetry data of the target city through the GIS system platform, and then establish the CityGML model of the mountain environment in each historical period in combination with the basic geographic information of the city;

[0124] In this embodiment, for mountains or key buildings that have been damaged during the historical evolution process, point information is stored in the GIS in the form of geographic registration.

[0125] S303: converting the format of the building city BIM model into a format recognizable by the GIS system platform; converting the relative coordinate system of the building city BIM model into the absolute coordinate system of the mountain environment CityGML model, and converting the spatial rectangular coordinate system of the building city BIM model into the geodetic coordinate system of the mountain environment CityGML model;

[0126] In this embodiment, a data export plug-in developed by SuperMap is used to convert the BIM model from the IFC format to a format (such as UDBX) that can be recognized by the GIS platform.

[0127] S304: fusing the converted building city BIM model and mountain environment CityGML model with scene data of the corresponding historical period, and optimizing the fused building city BIM model and mountain environment CityGML model;

[0128] In this embodiment, the optimization process includes terrain matching, model flattening, texture mapping, and the like.

[0129] S305: Integrate the architectural city BIM model and mountain environment CityGML model after scene data fusion and optimization into the spatial model data library.

[0130] In the data collection stage, the present invention identifies and locates natural mountains through the GIS system platform, and constructs a building city model through the BIM system platform. GIS and BIM complete data collection and preliminary modeling through their respective professional tools. In the data conversion stage, the data format and coordinate system of GIS and BIM need to be unified so as to be loaded and displayed in the GIS platform, so it is achieved through professional data conversion tools (such as SuperMap's data export plug-in) and coordinate conversion formulas. In the data integration stage, the data of GIS and BIM need to be integrated to form a complete spatial model data library, so data loading, integration and adjustment are performed in the GIS platform, and the spatial analysis capability of GIS and the fine modeling capability of BIM are used to optimize the scene.

[0131] Specific, combined Figure 4 As shown, the architectural city BIM model includes the refined model of cultural core buildings and the white model of historical city buildings; the mountain environment CityGML model includes small and medium-sized mountain oblique image models and large mountain CityGML models.

[0132] In this embodiment, for general urban space information (such as historical city forms and streets), a blank model of historical city buildings is constructed; for key cultural core buildings (such as scenic spots and historical sites), a refined model of cultural core buildings is constructed.

[0133] Specifically, the relative coordinate system is converted to the absolute coordinate system using the following formula:

[0134]

[0135] in

[0136] Where: (x, y, z) represents the coordinates of the building city BIM model in the absolute coordinate system; n = 1, 2, ..., m, m represents the number of iterations of the building city BIM model during coordinate transformation; (a, b, c) represents the coordinates of the building city BIM model in the relative coordinate system (the initial Cartesian coordinate point during coordinate transformation); α, β, γ represent the rotation angles around x, y, and z during coordinate transformation, respectively;

[0137] The conversion from the spatial rectangular coordinate system to the geodetic coordinate system is realized by the following formula:

[0138] 1) Convert the spatial coordinate system (x, y, z) to the geocentric rectangular coordinate system (X, Y, Z)

[0139]

[0140] Where: (X, Y, Z) represents the coordinates of the building city BIM model in the geocentric rectangular coordinate system; λ and h represent the longitude, latitude and elevation of the building city BIM model in the spatial coordinate system; N represents the radius of curvature of the yoke; e represents the first eccentricity;

[0141] 2) Convert the geocentric rectangular coordinate system (X, Y, Z) to the geodetic coordinate system (B, L, H)

[0142]

[0143]

[0144]

[0145]

[0146] In the formula: (B, L, H) represents the coordinates of the building city BIM model in the geodetic coordinate system; A represents the major semi-axis of the ellipsoid.

[0147] Specifically, a corresponding spatial model data sub-database is established in the spatial model data database according to the historical period; each spatial model data sub-database includes the architectural city BIM model and the mountain environment CityGML model in the corresponding historical period. Since the historical landscape is constantly changing dynamically, the spatial models of different historical periods are different, so it is necessary to establish a spatial information data sub-database to distinguish them.

[0148] 3. Associated Data Layers

[0149] In this embodiment, the specific processing steps for generating the associated data layer are as follows:

[0150] S401: Acquire urban remote sensing data, ecological environment data and urban construction data of the target city;

[0151] In this embodiment, urban remote sensing data includes remote sensing data such as satellite images and drone aerial photography; ecological environment data includes hydrological data such as rainfall, river flow, water quality, and ecological environment data such as soil moisture, vegetation coverage, and air quality. Urban construction data includes urban planning, building information, infrastructure, and other urban construction data.

[0152] S402: After pre-processing urban remote sensing data, ecological environment data and urban construction data, convert them into formats supported by the GIS system platform, such as Shapefile, GeoJSON, etc., and unify the coordinate system and projection method;

[0153] S403: Associating different data based on geographic location or attributes through the spatial connection function of the GIS system platform; integrating the associated data into a layer to form an associated data layer;

[0154] In this embodiment, the data can be fused and processed as needed, such as overlay analysis, buffer zone analysis, etc.

[0155] S404: Set the attribute fields and styles of the associated data layer as needed.

[0156] Embodiment 2:

[0157] This embodiment discloses an urban historical mountain landscape data platform based on spatial information technology.

[0158] This embodiment uses B / S architecture to build the system, relying on technologies such as the Internet of Things and cloud computing, to provide basic support for various applications of the digital city through the infrastructure layer, data layer, platform service layer, application layer, etc. You only need to install and maintain the server side, and you can access the system functions through the customer's Web browser.

[0159] 1. Application platform functional module design

[0160] Based on the data type and the actual needs of the system, the system function module is designed. According to the purpose of each function, the system module is divided into five parts, including basic function module, information query module, spatial analysis module and entity mapping module. The basic function module is mainly based on basic map operations, such as scene positioning, map zooming in and out, area distance measurement, scene walking and bird's-eye view flight browsing, etc., which facilitates users to quickly obtain the relevant information required in the map scene; the information query module is divided into two methods according to the information query type and information query method: ① attribute query map: information query through attributes, and then locate the query results on the map; ② map query attribute: find the attribute information associated with the object through the map; the spatial analysis module includes buffer zone analysis and spatial relationship analysis. First, the ecological environment data and construction data related to the mountain are associated as data layers, such as elevation data, hydrological data, land use data, soil attribute data, and surface vegetation as sub-indicators for establishing buffer zones. Three buffer zone thresholds of 500m, 1000m, and 2000m are set in the platform. The boundary of protecting the ecological security of the ancient mountain can be delineated according to the buffer zone range. In the spatial relationship analysis, this platform provides visual area analysis and line of sight analysis; in order to provide the function of quickly generating thematic maps of urban historical mountain landscapes, the system provides an entity mapping function module, which is divided into three-dimensional scene mapping and two-dimensional map mapping according to different system scene types. The three-dimensional scene mapping function is to render scene entities by setting classification conditions, generate thematic maps and print scenes; the two-dimensional map mapping function is mainly to generate thematic maps and print them by overlaying feature layers and manually marking them.

[0161] 2. Application platform database design

[0162] The overall architecture design of the database of the BIM and GIS data fusion application platform is divided into two parts: the system operation support library and the basic geographic database. The system operation support library is the guarantee content of the system operation, including multiple databases such as the directory database, the authority management database, and the system log database, which are used to meet the storage and application of data under different functions in the system. The basic geographic database is the basic data content for system construction and application expansion, providing the basic spatial benchmark for the platform. The basic data includes vector data, image data, and three-dimensional data of the city's historical mountain landscape, which are stored separately and classified to meet the personalized needs of various departments and industries for basic map services.

[0163] Specifically, the urban historical mountain landscape data platform based on spatial information technology includes:

[0164] The infrastructure layer is used to provide infrastructure support, including computing resources, storage resources and network resources; wherein the storage resources store the urban historical mountain landscape database constructed by the urban historical mountain landscape database and construction method of the first embodiment;

[0165] In this embodiment, the infrastructure layer serves as the basic support of the platform and provides necessary hardware resources for the data layer, platform service layer and application layer.

[0166] The data layer is used to exchange data with the spatial information database, the spatial information database and the associated data layer in the urban historical mountain landscape database through the infrastructure layer;

[0167] In this embodiment, the data layer receives storage resources provided by the infrastructure layer, provides data support for the platform service layer and the application layer, and transmits and exchanges data with the platform service layer to achieve dynamic update and real-time analysis of data.

[0168] The platform service layer is used to provide map services, spatial analysis services and data fusion services based on the data in the data layer, including map rendering, attribute query, spatial relationship analysis, buffer zone analysis, and fusion processing of BIM data and GIS data;

[0169] In this embodiment, the platform service layer receives data provided by the data layer, processes and handles it, and provides efficient and intelligent services to the application layer. It makes service calls and returns results with the application layer to achieve dynamic expansion and customization of functions.

[0170] The application layer is used to build modules that implement specific application functions based on the services provided by the platform service layer. Figure 5 The module includes basic function module, information query module, spatial analysis module and entity mapping module;

[0171] in:

[0172] Basic function module, used to provide basic map operation functions, including scene positioning, map zooming in and out, and area distance measurement;

[0173] Information query module, used to retrieve and locate data through attribute query and image query;

[0174] The spatial analysis module is used to provide buffer zone analysis and spatial relationship analysis, and is used to evaluate and protect the ecological security of ancient mountains.

[0175] The entity mapping module is used to support three-dimensional scene mapping and two-dimensional map mapping, generate thematic maps and print them.

[0176] In this embodiment, the application layer receives services provided by the platform service layer, implements and displays functions, interacts with users, receives user input and requests, and returns results and feedback.

[0177] The urban historical mountain landscape data platform of the present invention realizes the unified management and in-depth analysis of urban historical mountain landscape data through a multi-layer structure including infrastructure layer, data layer, platform service layer and application layer, and provides a comprehensive, efficient and intelligent basic support for various applications in the city. The platform is closely associated with the spatial information data library, the spatial model data library and the associated data layer, ensuring the comprehensiveness and accuracy of urban historical mountain landscape data.

[0178] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit the technical solution. Those skilled in the art should understand that those modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solution of the present invention that do not depart from the purpose and scope of the technical solution should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a historical urban mountain landscape database based on GIS and BIM, characterized in that: include: S1: Acquire historical geographic information and historical surveying and mapping photography data of the target city; S2: Classify and annotate the spatial information of the target city based on historical geographic information through the GIS system platform to generate a spatial information database; S3: Combine the GIS system platform and the BIM system platform to perform 3D modeling of the buildings and mountain environment of the target city based on historical surveying and mapping photography data, and generate a spatial model data library; S4: Generate linked data layers based on the GIS system platform for the target city; S5: Construct an urban historical mountain landscape database of the target city based on the spatial information database, the spatial information database and the associated data layer.

2. The method for constructing a city historical mountain landscape database based on GIS and BIM as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the historical geographical information includes historical atlases and local archaeological data; In step S2, the specific processing steps for generating the spatial information database are as follows: S201: Obtain historical atlases and local archaeological data of the target city as basic data for generating a spatial information database; S202: Establish a unified working base map and coordinate system; convert historical maps of various historical periods into corresponding map raster images; align the map raster images of various historical periods to the unified working base map and coordinate system through the GIS system platform to obtain the working base map of the target city in various historical periods; S203: extract classified historical landscape elements from historical atlases and local archaeological data; according to different time sections, place the historical landscape elements on the working base map of the target city in the corresponding historical period to achieve spatial positioning of the historical landscape elements in a unified coordinate system; S204: dividing the historical landscape elements in the working base map of the target city in various historical periods into several types of spatial information data subsets through the symbolization rules of the GIS system platform; S205: integrating the attributes of historical landscape elements through the attribute table in the GIS system platform, and adding attribute data to each type of spatial information data subset; S206: Integrate each type of spatial information data subset into the spatial information data repository.

3. The method for constructing a city historical mountain landscape database based on GIS and BIM as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: In step S204, the historical landscape elements in the working base map of the target city in various historical periods are divided into three data set types: point, line, and surface according to the symbolization rules of the GIS system platform; the three data set types of point, line, and surface are further divided into nine types of spatial information data subsets: historical sites, scenic spots, peaks, lakes, roads, building plots, rivers, city walls, and gardens; The point dataset includes historical sites, scenic spots and mountains; the line dataset includes roads, rivers and city walls; and the surface dataset includes building plots, lakes and gardens.

4. The method for constructing a city historical mountain landscape database based on GIS and BIM as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: In step S206, corresponding spatial information data sub-databases are established in the spatial information data master database according to historical periods; Each spatial information data sub-database includes nine types of spatial information data subsets, namely, historical sites, scenic spots, mountains, lakes, roads, building plots, rivers, city walls and gardens in the corresponding historical period.

5. The method for constructing a city historical mountain landscape database based on GIS and BIM as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the historical surveying and mapping photographic data includes historical surveying and mapping atlases, historical geospatial data and oblique photogrammetric data; In step S3, the specific processing steps for generating the spatial model data library are as follows: S301: Construct BIM models of buildings and cities in various historical periods based on the historical surveying and mapping atlas of the target city through the BIM system platform; S302: Identify the natural mountains within the target city based on the historical geospatial data and oblique photogrammetry data of the target city through the GIS system platform, and then establish the CityGML model of the mountain environment in each historical period in combination with the basic geographic information of the city; S303: converting the format of the building city BIM model into a format recognizable by the GIS system platform; S304: converting the relative coordinate system of the building city BIM model into the absolute coordinate system of the mountain environment CityGML model, and converting the spatial rectangular coordinate system of the building city BIM model into the geodetic coordinate system of the mountain environment CityGML model; S305: fusing the converted building city BIM model and mountain environment CityGML model with scene data of the corresponding historical period, and optimizing the fused building city BIM model and mountain environment CityGML model; S306: Integrate the architectural city BIM model and mountain environment CityGML model after scene data fusion and optimization into the spatial model data library.

6. The method for constructing a city historical mountain landscape database based on GIS and BIM as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: In step S301, the architectural city BIM model includes a refined model of the cultural core building and a white model of the historical city building; In step S302, the mountain environment CityGML model includes small and medium-sized mountain oblique image models and a large mountain CityGML model.

7. The method for constructing a city historical mountain landscape database based on GIS and BIM as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: In step S304, the relative coordinate system is converted into an absolute coordinate system by the following formula: in Where: (x, y, z) represents the coordinates of the building city BIM model in the absolute coordinate system; n =1, 2, …, m, where m represents the number of iterations of the building city BIM model during coordinate transformation; (a, b, c) represents the coordinates of the building city BIM model in the relative coordinate system (the initial Cartesian coordinate point during coordinate transformation); α, β, γ represent the rotation angles around x, y, and z during coordinate transformation, respectively; The conversion from the spatial rectangular coordinate system to the geodetic coordinate system is realized by the following formula: 1) Convert the spatial coordinate system (x, y, z) to the geocentric rectangular coordinate system (X, Y, Z) Where: (X, Y, Z) represents the coordinates of the building city BIM model in the geocentric rectangular coordinate system; λ and h represent the longitude, latitude and elevation of the building city BIM model in the spatial coordinate system; N represents the radius of curvature of the yoke; e represents the first eccentricity; 2) Convert the geocentric rectangular coordinate system (X, Y, Z) to the geodetic coordinate system (B, L, H) In the formula: (B, L, H) represents the coordinates of the building city BIM model in the geodetic coordinate system; A represents the major semi-axis of the ellipsoid.

8. The method for constructing a city historical mountain landscape database based on GIS and BIM as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: In step S305, corresponding spatial model data sub-libraries are established in the spatial model data master library according to historical periods; Each spatial model data sub-library includes the BIM model of the building city and the CityGML model of the mountain environment in the corresponding historical period.

9. The method for constructing a city historical mountain landscape database based on GIS and BIM as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: In step S4, the specific processing steps for generating the associated data layer are as follows: S401: Acquire urban remote sensing data, ecological environment data and urban construction data of the target city; S402: After pre-processing the urban remote sensing data, ecological environment data and urban construction data, convert them into a format supported by the GIS system platform, and unify the coordinate system and projection method; S403: Associating different data based on geographic location or attributes through the spatial connection function of the GIS system platform; Integrate the associated data into one layer to form an associated data layer; S404: Set the attribute fields and styles of the associated data layer as needed.

10. The urban historical mountain landscape data platform based on spatial information technology is characterized by: include: The infrastructure layer is used to provide infrastructure support, including computing resources, storage resources, and network resources; The storage resource stores the urban historical mountain landscape database constructed by the urban historical mountain landscape database and construction method described in claim 1; The data layer is used to exchange data with the spatial information database, the spatial information database and the associated data layer in the urban historical mountain landscape database through the infrastructure layer; The platform service layer is used to provide map services, spatial analysis services and data fusion services based on the data in the data layer, including map rendering, attribute query, spatial relationship analysis, buffer zone analysis, and fusion processing of BIM data and GIS data; The application layer is used to build modules that implement specific application functions based on the services provided by the platform service layer, including basic function modules, information query modules, spatial analysis modules, and entity mapping modules; in: Basic function module, used to provide basic map operation functions, including scene positioning, map zooming in and out, and area distance measurement; Information query module, used for querying images by attributes and images by attributes; Spatial analysis module, used to provide buffer analysis and spatial relationship analysis; The entity mapping module is used to support three-dimensional scene mapping and two-dimensional map mapping.

Images