Miniaturized airborne communication antenna, antenna array and unmanned aerial vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a miniaturized airborne communication antenna, which is characterized in that an active oscillator is arranged on the top layer of a double-sided PCB (Printed Circuit Board), the active oscillator comprises a rectangular microstrip line frame, two trapezoidal oscillators are arranged in the rectangular microstrip line frame, the bottom edge of each trapezoidal oscillator is connected with the short edge of the corresponding rectangular microstrip line frame, and the bottom edge of each trapezoidal oscillator is connected with the short edge of the corresponding rectangular microstrip line frame; an oscillator gap is reserved between the top edges of the two trapezoidal oscillators, and the top edges of the two trapezoidal oscillators are connected with a core wire and a ground wire of a coaxial antenna feeder arranged on the bottom layer of the double-sided PCB through metalized via holes. The invention also discloses a miniaturized airborne communication antenna array, a system and an unmanned aerial vehicle. According to the invention, through beam switching, coverage of a new antenna pattern is relatively comprehensive in a vertical plane and a horizontal plane, all spaces of the unmanned aerial vehicle in all directions can be basically completely covered, the antenna gain is far higher than that of a half-wave dipole antenna, and good antenna performance is provided for communication between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the ground and communication between unmanned aerial vehicles in an unmanned aerial vehicle group.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of unmanned aerial vehicle communication technology, and in particular to a miniaturized airborne communication antenna, an antenna array and a unmanned aerial vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Antennas play a critical role in wireless communications. Communication bandwidth and communication distance are closely related to antennas. With the application of long-distance networking of UAVs, the communication requirements for UAVs are getting higher and higher. In addition to communicating with ground stations, they also need to communicate with other UAVs in the fleet. Not only is the communication bandwidth getting larger, but the distance is getting longer. This requires that the communication antenna has no blind spots in all directions, up and down, left and right, front and back, and has high gain. Figure 1 However, the space of drones is narrow, and the communication antennas need to be miniaturized, which poses a great challenge to the antenna design. The half-wave dipole antenna commonly used on existing drones is small in size and has an omnidirectional beam on the H plane (XOZ plane), but the half-power beam width on the E plane (XOY plane) is only about 78 degrees, the signal coverage area is large, and the maximum gain is only about 2.1dBi, which affects the communication of drones. Figure 2(a) to Figure 2(c) . Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a miniaturized airborne communication antenna, antenna array and drone to improve the communication effect in view of the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical means:

[0005] A miniaturized airborne communication antenna comprises a double-sided PCB board, wherein an active vibrator is arranged on the top layer of the double-sided PCB board, the active vibrator comprises a rectangular microstrip wire frame, two trapezoidal vibrators are arranged in the rectangular microstrip wire frame, the bottom side of each trapezoidal vibrator is connected to the short side of one of the corresponding rectangular microstrip wire frames, a vibrator gap is left between the top sides of the two trapezoidal vibrators, and the top sides of the two trapezoidal vibrators are connected to the core wire and ground wire of a coaxial antenna feeder arranged on the bottom layer of the double-sided PCB board through metallized vias.

[0006] As described above, a first director and a second director are arranged in parallel on the outside of one of the long sides of the active oscillator, and a third director and a fourth director are arranged in parallel on the outside of the other long side. The first director, the second director, the third director and the fourth director are all disconnected from the middle into two guiding segments. The two guiding segments of the first director are connected by a first PIN diode, the two guiding segments of the second director are connected by a second PIN diode, the two guiding segments of the third director are connected by a third PIN diode, and the two guiding segments of the fourth director are connected by a fourth PIN diode.

[0007] As described above, the anode of the first PIN diode is connected to one end of the first top-layer anode control signal line through the first inductor, the anode of the second PIN diode is connected to the other end of the first top-layer anode control signal line through the second inductor, the cathode of the first PIN diode is connected to one end of the first top-layer cathode control signal line through the third inductor, and the cathode of the second PIN diode is connected to the other end of the first top-layer cathode control signal line through the fourth inductor.

[0008] The anode of the third PIN diode is connected to one end of the second top-layer anode control signal line through the fifth inductor, the anode of the fourth PIN diode is connected to the other end of the second top-layer anode control signal line through the sixth inductor, the cathode of the third PIN diode is connected to one end of the second top-layer cathode control signal line through the seventh inductor, and the cathode of the fourth PIN diode is connected to the other end of the second top-layer cathode control signal line through the eighth inductor.

[0009] As described above, the middle of the first top anode control signal line and the middle of the second top anode control signal line are connected to the corresponding bottom anode control signal line of the bottom layer of the double-sided PCB board through corresponding metallized holes, the middle of the first top cathode control signal line and the middle of the second top cathode control signal line are connected to the corresponding bottom cathode control signal line of the bottom layer of the double-sided PCB board through corresponding metallized holes, the first top anode control signal line and the bottom anode control signal line and the bottom cathode control signal line corresponding to the first top cathode control signal line are connected to the corresponding control line wiring terminals; the bottom anode control signal line and the bottom cathode control signal line corresponding to the second top anode control signal line and the second top cathode control signal line are connected to the corresponding control line wiring terminals, and the two control line wiring terminals are connected to the RF control switch, which controls the on and off of each PIN diode. 。

[0010] A beam switching method for a miniaturized airborne communication antenna, using the above miniaturized airborne communication antenna, includes a beam switching state A: a first PIN diode and a second PIN diode are turned on, and a third PIN diode and a fourth PIN diode are turned off;

[0011] In the beam switching state B, the first PIN diode and the second PIN diode are disconnected, and the third PIN diode and the fourth PIN diode are turned on.

[0012] A miniaturized airborne communication antenna array comprises two of the above-mentioned airborne communication antennas, which are respectively denoted as a first airborne communication antenna and a second airborne communication antenna. A line passing through the center point of a rectangular microstrip wireframe and parallel to the long side of the rectangular microstrip wireframe is defined as a center line in the long side direction, and a line passing through the center point of the rectangular microstrip wireframe and parallel to the short side of the rectangular microstrip wireframe is defined as a center line in the short side direction. The first airborne communication antenna and the second airborne communication antenna are in the same plane, and the two center lines in the long side directions of the first airborne communication antenna and the second airborne communication antenna are perpendicular.

[0013] A beam switching method for a miniaturized airborne communication antenna array, using the miniaturized airborne communication antenna array, comprising:

[0014] State 1: the first PIN diode and the second PIN diode of the first airborne communication antenna are turned on, the third PIN diode and the fourth PIN diode of the first airborne communication antenna are turned off, and the first to fourth PIN diodes of the second airborne communication antenna are turned off;

[0015] State 2: the third PIN diode and the fourth PIN diode of the first airborne communication antenna are turned on, the first PIN diode and the second PIN diode of the first airborne communication antenna are turned off, and the first PIN diode to the fourth PIN diode of the second airborne communication antenna are turned off;

[0016] State three, the first PIN diode and the second PIN diode of the second airborne communication antenna are turned on, the third PIN diode and the fourth PIN diode of the second airborne communication antenna are turned off, and the first PIN diode to the fourth PIN diode of the first airborne communication antenna are turned off;

[0017] State four: the third PIN diode and the fourth PIN diode of the second airborne communication antenna are turned on, the first PIN diode and the second PIN diode of the second airborne communication antenna are turned off, and the first to fourth PIN diodes of the first airborne communication antenna are turned off.

[0018] An airborne communication antenna system comprises two of the above-mentioned airborne communication antenna arrays, wherein the four airborne communication antennas of the two airborne communication antenna arrays are located in the same plane, and the center line of the long side direction of one of the airborne communication antennas of one of the airborne communication antenna arrays and the center line of the long side direction of the two airborne communication antennas of the other airborne communication antenna array are both at an angle of 45 degrees.

[0019] An airborne communication antenna system, comprising four of the above-mentioned airborne communication antenna arrays, characterized in that:

[0020] For two of the airborne communication antenna arrays: the four airborne communication antennas of the two airborne communication antenna arrays are located in the first plane, and the long-side center line of one of the airborne communication antennas of one of the airborne communication antenna arrays and the long-side center lines of the two airborne communication antennas of the other airborne communication antenna array are both at an angle of 45 degrees;

[0021] For the other two airborne communication antenna arrays: the four airborne communication antennas of the two airborne communication antenna arrays are located in the second plane, the center line of the long side direction of one of the airborne communication antennas of one of the airborne communication antenna arrays and the center line of the long side direction of the two airborne communication antennas of the other airborne communication antenna array are both at an angle of 45 degrees, and the first plane and the second plane are perpendicular.

[0022] A drone comprises a fuselage and wings, wherein the fuselage and / or the wings are equipped with the above-mentioned airborne communication antenna.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] After the airborne communication antenna of the present invention is applied to a drone, compared with the existing drone communication radiation pattern using a half-wave dipole antenna, through beam switching, the new antenna radiation pattern has more comprehensive coverage in the vertical and horizontal planes, and can basically completely cover the entire space of the drone up, down, left, right, front and back, and the antenna gain is much higher than that of the half-wave dipole antenna, providing good antenna performance for communication between drones and the ground, and communication between drones within a drone group. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of drone networking;

[0026] Figure 2(a) is a schematic diagram of a half-wave dipole antenna;

[0027] Figure 2(b) is the 3D simulated radiation pattern of the half-wave dipole antenna;

[0028] Figure 2(c) is the E-plane (XOY plane) simulation pattern of the half-wave dipole antenna;

[0029] FIG3( a ) is a perspective schematic diagram of an airborne communication antenna;

[0030] Figure 3(b) is a front view of the airborne communication antenna;

[0031] Figure 3(c) is a reverse view of the airborne communication antenna;

[0032] FIG3( d ) is a schematic diagram of a beam switching state A of the airborne communication antenna of Example 1;

[0033] FIG3( e ) is a schematic diagram of a beam switching state B of the airborne communication antenna of Example 1;

[0034] FIG3( f ) is a simulated 3D radiation pattern of the airborne communication antenna of Example 1;

[0035] FIG3( g ) is a simulated E-plane (XOY plane) radiation pattern of the airborne communication antenna of Example 1;

[0036] FIG3(h) is a simulated H-plane (XOZ plane) radiation pattern of the airborne communication antenna of Example 1;

[0037] FIG4( a) is a schematic diagram of the structure of an airborne communication antenna array according to Embodiment 2;

[0038] FIG4( b ) is a simulated 3D radiation pattern of state 1 of the airborne communication antenna array of Example 2;

[0039] FIG4( c ) is a simulated E-plane (XOY plane) radiation pattern of state 1 of the airborne communication antenna array of Example 2;

[0040] FIG4( d ) is a simulated 3D radiation pattern of the airborne communication antenna array in state 2 of Example 2;

[0041] FIG4( e ) is a simulated E-plane (XOY plane) radiation pattern of state 2 of the airborne communication antenna array of Example 2;

[0042] FIG4( f) is a simulated 3D radiation pattern of the airborne communication antenna array of Example 2;

[0043] FIG4( g ) is a simulated E-plane (XOY plane) radiation pattern of state 3 of the airborne communication antenna array of Example 2;

[0044] FIG4(h) is a simulated 3D radiation pattern of state 4 of the airborne communication antenna array of Example 2;

[0045] FIG4(i) is a simulated E-plane (XOY plane) radiation pattern of state 4 of the airborne communication antenna array of Example 2;

[0046] FIG5( a) is a circuit connection diagram of an airborne communication antenna system of Example 3;

[0047] FIG5( b ) is a schematic structural diagram of an airborne communication antenna system of Example 3;

[0048] Figure 6(a) is a schematic diagram of the top view of the UAV structure;

[0049] FIG6( b ) is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the UAV;

[0050] FIG7( a ) is a simulated E-plane (XOY plane) radiation pattern of the two airborne communication antenna arrays of the airborne communication antenna system of Example 3 in state 1;

[0051] FIG7( b ) is a simulated E-plane (XOY plane) radiation pattern of the two airborne communication antenna arrays of the airborne communication antenna system of Example 3 in state 2;

[0052] FIG7( c ) is a simulated E-plane (XOY plane) radiation pattern of the two airborne communication antenna arrays of the airborne communication antenna system of Example 3 in state three;

[0053] FIG7( d ) is a simulated E-plane (XOY plane) radiation pattern of the two airborne communication antenna arrays of the airborne communication antenna system of Example 3 in state 4;

[0054] FIG8( a ) is a simulated radiation pattern of an E-plane (XOY plane) of an airborne communication antenna array using multiple time division multiplexing;

[0055] FIG8( b ) is a simulated radiation pattern of the H-plane (XOZ plane) of an airborne communication antenna array using multiple time-division multiplexing antennas.

[0056] In the figure:

[0057] Theta (deg)-pitch angle (degrees); Phi (deg)-azimuth angle (degrees); Gain Plot-gain plot;

[0058] dB(RealizedGainTotal)-dB(total realized gain);

[0059] 1-double-sided PCB board; 2-active oscillator; 3-rectangular microstrip wire frame; 4-trapezoidal oscillator; 5-oscillator gap; 6-metallized via; 7-coaxial antenna feeder; 8-first director; 9-second director; 10-third director; 11-fourth director; 12-direction section; 13-PIN diode; 131-first PIN diode; 132-second PIN diode; 133-third PIN diode; 134-fourth PIN diode; 14-RF switch; 151 -first top-layer anode control signal line; 152-second top-layer anode control signal line; 161-first top-layer cathode control signal line; 162-second top-layer cathode control signal line; 17-bottom-layer anode control signal line; 18-bottom-layer cathode control signal line; 19-control line terminal; 201-first inductor; 202-second inductor; 203-third inductor; 204-fourth inductor; 205-fifth inductor; 206-sixth inductor; 207-seventh inductor; 208-eighth inductor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] In order to facilitate those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the implementation examples described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0061] Embodiment 1:

[0062] A miniaturized airborne communication antenna comprises a double-sided PCB board, the double-sided PCB board has a dielectric constant of 2.2, is 168 mm long, 72 mm wide, and 0.254 mm thick, and a copper foil thickness of 0.035 mm. The antenna is flexible and can be easily deployed on a drone.

[0063] An active vibrator 2 is arranged on the top layer of the double-sided PCB board 1. The active vibrator 2 is a half-wave three-folded vibrator. The active vibrator 2 includes a rectangular microstrip wire frame 3. The spacing between the long sides of the rectangular microstrip wire frame 3 is 9.6 mm, the spacing between the short sides of the rectangular microstrip wire frame is 160 mm, and the line width of the rectangular microstrip wire frame is 2 mm. Two trapezoidal vibrators 4 are arranged in the rectangular microstrip wire frame 3. The bottom side of each trapezoidal vibrator 4 is connected to the short side of the corresponding rectangular microstrip wire frame 3. The angle between the two oblique sides of the trapezoidal vibrator 4 is 3 degrees. A vibrator gap 5 is left between the top sides of the two trapezoidal vibrators 4, and the vibrator gap 5 is 1.2 mm.

[0064] The top edges of the two trapezoidal oscillators 4 are connected to the core wire and ground wire of the coaxial antenna feed line 7 arranged on the bottom layer of the double-sided PCB board 1 through the metallized vias 6 .

[0065] Two directors, namely a first director 8 and a second director 9, are arranged outside one of the long sides of the active vibrator 2, and two directors, namely a third director 10 and a fourth director 11, are arranged outside the other long side.

[0066] A line passing through the center point of the rectangular microstrip wireframe 3 and parallel to the long side of the rectangular microstrip wireframe 3 is defined as the center line in the long side direction, and a line passing through the center point of the rectangular microstrip wireframe 3 and parallel to the short side of the rectangular microstrip wireframe 3 is defined as the center line in the short side direction.

[0067] The first director 8 and the fourth director 11 are symmetrically distributed with the center line of the long side direction as the symmetry axis, and the second director 9 and the third director 10 are symmetrically distributed with the center line of the long side direction as the symmetry axis.

[0068] In this embodiment, the distance between the second director 9 and the third director 10 and the center line of the long side direction is 21.8 mm, the distance between the first director 8 and the second director 9 and the distance between the third director 10 and the fourth director 11 are both 12 mm.

[0069] The first director 8, the second director 9, the third director 10 and the fourth director 11 are all divided from the middle into two guiding sections 12. In this embodiment, the gap between the two guiding sections of each director is 1.2 mm.

[0070] A PIN diode 13 is connected between the two guiding segments 12 of each director, and the two guiding segments 12 of each director are symmetrically distributed along the center line of the short side direction. It is defined that the first PIN diode 131 is connected between the two guiding segments 12 of the first director 8, the second PIN diode 132 is connected between the two guiding segments 12 of the second director 9, the third PIN diode 133 is connected between the two guiding segments 12 of the third director 10, and the fourth PIN diode 134 is connected between the two guiding segments 12 of the fourth director 11.

[0071] In this embodiment, the anode of the first PIN diode 131 is connected to one end of the first top-layer anode control signal line 151 through the first inductor, the anode of the second PIN diode 132 is connected to the other end of the first top-layer anode control signal line 151 through the second inductor, the cathode of the first PIN diode 131 is connected to one end of the first top-layer cathode control signal line 161 through the third inductor, and the cathode of the second PIN diode 132 is connected to the other end of the first top-layer cathode control signal line 161 through the fourth inductor.

[0072] The anode of the third PIN diode 133 is connected to one end of the second top-layer anode control signal line 152 through the fifth inductor, the anode of the fourth PIN diode 134 is connected to the other end of the second top-layer anode control signal line 152 through the sixth inductor, the cathode of the third PIN diode 133 is connected to one end of the second top-layer cathode control signal line 162 through the seventh inductor, and the cathode of the fourth PIN diode 134 is connected to the other end of the second top-layer cathode control signal line 162 through the eighth inductor.

[0073] The middle of the first top-layer anode control signal line 151 and the middle of the second top-layer anode control signal line 152 are connected to the corresponding bottom-layer anode control signal line 17 of the bottom layer of the double-sided PCB board 1 through corresponding metallized holes, and the middle of the first top-layer cathode control signal line 161 and the middle of the second top-layer cathode control signal line 162 are connected to the corresponding bottom-layer cathode control signal line 18 of the bottom layer of the double-sided PCB board 1 through corresponding metallized holes. The bottom-layer anode control signal line 17 and the bottom-layer cathode control signal line 18 corresponding to the first top-layer anode control signal line 151 and the first top-layer cathode control signal line 161 are connected to the corresponding control line connection terminals 19; the bottom-layer anode control signal line 17 and the bottom-layer cathode control signal line 18 corresponding to the second top-layer anode control signal line 152 and the second top-layer cathode control signal line 162 are connected to the corresponding control line connection terminals 19, and the two control line connection terminals 19 are connected to the radio frequency control switch, and the radio frequency control switch controls the on and off of each PIN diode 13.

[0074] In this embodiment, the radius of the metallized hole is 0.5 mm. The PIN diode model is BAP1321-02.

[0075] In this embodiment, the communication frequency band is set to 840MHz-845MHz, which is the UAV communication frequency band.

[0076] Specifically, there are 2 beam switching states:

[0077] Beam switching state A: the first PIN diode and the second PIN diode are turned on, and the third PIN diode and the fourth PIN diode are turned off;

[0078] In beam switching state B, the first PIN diode and the second PIN diode are disconnected, and the third PIN diode and the fourth PIN diode are turned on;

[0079] from Figure 3(a) to Figure 3(h) It can be seen that in beam switching state A, the half-power beamwidth of the airborne communication antenna (unit antenna) H plane (XOZ plane) is about 120 degrees, which is much larger than the beamwidth of the half-wave dipole antenna. And the gain in the +X hemispherical space is greater than -2dBi. The half-power beamwidth of the airborne communication antenna (unit antenna) E plane (XOY plane) is about 70 degrees.

[0080] State B is symmetrical to state A and is not listed again.

[0081] Embodiment 2:

[0082] The embodiment discloses a miniaturized airborne communication antenna array, comprising two airborne communication antennas (unit antennas) described in Embodiment 1, respectively denoted as a first airborne communication antenna and a second airborne communication antenna, wherein the first airborne communication antenna and the second airborne communication antenna are in the same plane and are orthogonally distributed, that is, the center lines of the two long sides are perpendicular, and one of the vertex corners of the double-sided PCB boards of the two airborne communication antennas are connected.

[0083] In state one, the RF switch is switched to the first airborne communication antenna, the first PIN diode and the second PIN diode of the first airborne communication antenna are turned on, and the remaining PIN diodes are turned off, that is, the third PIN diode and the fourth PIN diode of the first airborne communication antenna are turned off, and the first PIN diode to the fourth PIN diode of the second airborne communication antenna are turned off.

[0084] In state two, the RF switch is switched to the first airborne communication antenna, the third PIN diode and the fourth PIN diode of the first airborne communication antenna are turned on, and the remaining PIN diodes are turned off, that is, the first PIN diode and the second PIN diode of the first airborne communication antenna are turned off, and the first PIN diode to the fourth PIN diode of the second airborne communication antenna are turned off.

[0085] State three, the RF switch is switched to the second airborne communication antenna, the first PIN diode and the second PIN diode of the second airborne communication antenna are turned on, and the remaining PIN diodes are turned off, that is, the third PIN diode and the fourth PIN diode of the second airborne communication antenna are turned off, and the first PIN diode to the fourth PIN diode of the first airborne communication antenna are turned off.

[0086] State four, the RF switch is switched to the second airborne communication antenna, the third PIN diode and the fourth PIN diode of the second airborne communication antenna are turned on, and the remaining PIN diodes are disconnected, that is, the first PIN diode and the second PIN diode of the second airborne communication antenna are disconnected, and the first PIN diode to the fourth PIN diode of the first airborne communication antenna are disconnected.

[0087] from Figure 4(a) to Figure 4(i) It can be seen that the radiation characteristics of the airborne communication antenna array in the four states of this embodiment are basically consistent with those of the airborne communication antenna, and the coupling effect between the airborne communication antennas causes the antenna gain to drop by about 0.2 dB, which is completely acceptable.

[0088] Embodiment 3:

[0089] Because the half-power beam width of the E plane (XOY plane) of the airborne communication antenna of Example 1 is about 70 degrees, the airborne communication antenna has two states by switching the beam. To achieve 360-degree full coverage of the E plane, at least three airborne communication antennas are required.

[0090] This embodiment uses two airborne communication antenna arrays to form an airborne communication antenna system, that is, four airborne communication antennas (antenna units).

[0091] Reference Figure 5(a) to Figure 5(b) The PIN diodes of the four airborne communication antennas of the two airborne communication antenna arrays are all connected to the RF switch. In this embodiment, the RF switch is TS8242FK.

[0092] The four airborne communication antennas (the first airborne communication antenna, the second airborne communication antenna, the third airborne communication antenna, and the fourth airborne communication antenna) are located in the same plane, and the center line of the long side direction of one of the airborne communication antennas of one airborne communication antenna array and the center line of the long side direction of two airborne communication antennas of another airborne communication antenna array are both at an angle of 45 degrees.

[0093] In this embodiment, two airborne communication antenna arrays are respectively deployed on the lower surfaces of two wings of the composite wing UAV. Figure 6(a) to Figure 6(b) .

[0094] The simulated radiation pattern of two airborne communication antenna arrays (four airborne communication antennas) is shown in Figure 7(a) to Figure 7(d) .

[0095] Optionally, the two airborne communication antenna arrays may be placed on other parts of the UAV, or formed on the inner side of the UAV shell using LDS (laser forming).

[0096] The directional patterns of the eight airborne communication antennas are combined into a time-division multiplexing directional pattern, as shown in Figure 8(a) and Figure 8(b). It can be seen that through time-division multiplexing, the beam of the antenna array has good coverage in all directions, up and down, left and right, and front and back, providing good antenna protection for the communication of the drone.

[0097] Embodiment 4:

[0098] This embodiment also discloses a drone. In this embodiment, the drone is a composite wing drone, and the drone is equipped with the airborne communication antenna described in the above-mentioned embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 or embodiment 3 or embodiment 4. The airborne communication antenna is deployed on the left and right wings or on other parts of the drone, or is formed on the inner side of the drone shell by LDS (laser forming). For the use of multiple airborne communication antenna arrays, the airborne communication antenna array adopts a time division multiplexing method, and determines the beam direction of the airborne communication antenna according to the drone's own position, state parameters, and the position information of the object to be communicated with (such as a ground station or other drones in the group), and by setting the control signal of the RF switch and the PIN diode of the airborne communication antenna, the beam of the airborne communication antenna is pointed to the communication object, and the communication is completed with high quality.

[0099] It should be noted that the embodiments described in the present invention are merely examples of the spirit of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or replace them in similar ways, but they will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the attached claims.

Claims

1. A miniaturized airborne communication antenna, comprising a double-sided PCB board (1), characterized in that: An active vibrator (2) is arranged on the top layer of the double-sided PCB board (1), the active vibrator (2) comprising a rectangular microstrip wire frame (3), two trapezoidal vibrators (4) are arranged in the rectangular microstrip wire frame (3), the bottom side of each trapezoidal vibrator (4) is connected to the short side of a corresponding one of the rectangular microstrip wire frames (3), a vibrator gap (5) is left between the top sides of the two trapezoidal vibrators (4), and the top sides of the two trapezoidal vibrators (4) are connected to the core wire and ground wire of a coaxial antenna feed line (7) arranged on the bottom layer of the double-sided PCB board (1) through metallized vias (6).

2. A miniaturized airborne communication antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first director (8) and a second director (9) are arranged in parallel on the outside of one long side of the active oscillator (2), and a third director (10) and a fourth director (11) are arranged in parallel on the outside of the other long side; the first director (8), the second director (9), the third director (10) and the fourth director (11) are all disconnected from the middle into two director sections (12); the two director sections (12) of the first director (8) are connected via a first PIN diode (131); the two director sections (12) of the second director (9) are connected via a second PIN diode (132); the two director sections (12) of the third director (10) are connected via a third PIN diode (133); and the two director sections (12) of the fourth director (11) are connected via a fourth PIN diode (134).

3. A miniaturized airborne communication antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The anode of the first PIN diode (131) is connected to one end of the first top-layer anode control signal line (151) through a first inductor, the anode of the second PIN diode (132) is connected to the other end of the first top-layer anode control signal line (151) through a second inductor, the cathode of the first PIN diode (131) is connected to one end of the first top-layer cathode control signal line (161) through a third inductor, and the cathode of the second PIN diode (132) is connected to the other end of the first top-layer cathode control signal line (161) through a fourth inductor. The anode of the third PIN diode (133) is connected to one end of the second top-layer anode control signal line (152) through a fifth inductor, the anode of the fourth PIN diode (134) is connected to the other end of the second top-layer anode control signal line (152) through a sixth inductor, the cathode of the third PIN diode (133) is connected to one end of the second top-layer cathode control signal line (162) through a seventh inductor, and the cathode of the fourth PIN diode (134) is connected to the other end of the second top-layer cathode control signal line (162) through an eighth inductor.

4. The miniaturized airborne communication antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The middle of the first top-layer anode control signal line (151) and the middle of the second top-layer anode control signal line (152) are respectively connected to the corresponding bottom-layer anode control signal line (17) of the bottom layer of the double-sided PCB board (1) through corresponding metallized holes; the middle of the first top-layer cathode control signal line (161) and the middle of the second top-layer cathode control signal line (162) are respectively connected to the corresponding bottom-layer cathode control signal line (18) of the bottom layer of the double-sided PCB board (1) through corresponding metallized holes; the bottom-layer anode control signal line (17) and the bottom-layer cathode control signal line (18) corresponding to the first top-layer anode control signal line (151) and the first top-layer cathode control signal line (161) are connected to corresponding control line connection terminals (19); the bottom-layer anode control signal line (17) and the bottom-layer cathode control signal line (18) corresponding to the second top-layer anode control signal line (152) and the second top-layer cathode control signal line (162) are connected to corresponding control line connection terminals (19); the two control line connection terminals (19) are connected to a radio frequency control switch, and the radio frequency control switch controls the on and off of each PIN diode.

5. A beam switching method for a miniaturized airborne communication antenna, using the miniaturized airborne communication antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: It includes a beam switching state A: the first PIN diode and the second PIN diode are turned on, and the third PIN diode and the fourth PIN diode are turned off; In the beam switching state B, the first PIN diode and the second PIN diode are disconnected, and the third PIN diode and the fourth PIN diode are turned on.

6. A miniaturized airborne communication antenna array, characterized in that: The invention comprises two airborne communication antennas as claimed in claim 4, which are respectively denoted as the first airborne communication antenna and the second airborne communication antenna. A line passing through the center point of the rectangular microstrip wire frame (3) and parallel to the long side of the rectangular microstrip wire frame (3) is defined as the center line in the long side direction, and a line passing through the center point of the rectangular microstrip wire frame (3) and parallel to the short side of the rectangular microstrip wire frame (3) is defined as the center line in the short side direction. The first airborne communication antenna and the second airborne communication antenna are in the same plane, and the two center lines in the long side directions of the first airborne communication antenna and the second airborne communication antenna are perpendicular.

7. A beam switching method for a miniaturized airborne communication antenna array, using the miniaturized airborne communication antenna array according to claim 6, characterized in that: include: State 1: the first PIN diode and the second PIN diode of the first airborne communication antenna are turned on, the third PIN diode and the fourth PIN diode of the first airborne communication antenna are turned off, and the first to fourth PIN diodes of the second airborne communication antenna are turned off; State 2: the third PIN diode and the fourth PIN diode of the first airborne communication antenna are turned on, the first PIN diode and the second PIN diode of the first airborne communication antenna are turned off, and the first PIN diode to the fourth PIN diode of the second airborne communication antenna are turned off; State three, the first PIN diode and the second PIN diode of the second airborne communication antenna are turned on, the third PIN diode and the fourth PIN diode of the second airborne communication antenna are turned off, and the first PIN diode to the fourth PIN diode of the first airborne communication antenna are turned off; State four: the third PIN diode and the fourth PIN diode of the second airborne communication antenna are turned on, the first PIN diode and the second PIN diode of the second airborne communication antenna are turned off, and the first to fourth PIN diodes of the first airborne communication antenna are turned off.

8. An airborne communication antenna system, comprising two airborne communication antenna arrays according to claim 6, characterized in that: The four airborne communication antennas of the two airborne communication antenna arrays are located in the same plane, and the center line of the long side direction of one of the airborne communication antennas of one of the airborne communication antenna arrays and the center line of the long side direction of the two airborne communication antennas of the other airborne communication antenna array are both at an angle of 45 degrees.

9. An airborne communication antenna system, comprising four airborne communication antenna arrays according to claim 6, characterized in that: For two of the airborne communication antenna arrays: the four airborne communication antennas of the two airborne communication antenna arrays are located in the first plane, and the long-side center line of one of the airborne communication antennas of one of the airborne communication antenna arrays and the long-side center lines of the two airborne communication antennas of the other airborne communication antenna array are both at an angle of 45 degrees; For the other two airborne communication antenna arrays: the four airborne communication antennas of the two airborne communication antenna arrays are located in the second plane, the center line of the long side direction of one of the airborne communication antennas of one of the airborne communication antenna arrays and the center line of the long side direction of the two airborne communication antennas of the other airborne communication antenna array are both at an angle of 45 degrees, and the first plane and the second plane are perpendicular.

10. An unmanned aerial vehicle, comprising a fuselage and wings, characterized in that: The fuselage and / or wing are equipped with the airborne communication antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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