Tobacco field grass growing and controlling method and returning-to-field fertilizing method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of tobacco planting, and discloses a tobacco field grass growing and controlling method and a field returning and fertilizing method.The tobacco field grass growing and controlling method comprises the steps that plant seeds used for grass growing are evenly mixed with organic fertilizer, after tobacco field ridging, film mulching and fixed-point soil covering are conducted, the seeds mixed with the organic fertilizer are sown between rows, and after the plant seeds used for grass growing emerge, other weeds are pulled out manually; according to the method, white clover, ryegrass (living type is one-year-old) and cymbopogon citratus are adopted to achieve grass growing, grass control, field returning and fertilizing of a tobacco field, the dosage of the three grass seeds is defined, a treatment method for effectively preventing and controlling weeds through inter-row grass growing is provided, and through the mode that the seeds are mixed with organic fertilizer, the seeds can be sown more evenly, and the yield of the tobacco field is increased. The method that three plants are respectively planted every year is adopted, so that the tobacco field microflora is adjusted, and tobacco field microflora unbalance caused by planting the same plant all year round is prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of tobacco planting, in particular to a method for weeding and controlling weeds in tobacco fields and a method for returning the weeds to the fields and fertilizing the fields. Background Art

[0002] Tobacco is an important pillar industry in my country and an important source of national fiscal growth. In the process of tobacco planting and management, weed control is one of the important issues faced by tobacco farmers. Weeds compete with tobacco for light, water and fertilizer, greatly affecting tobacco growth and tobacco leaf yield and quality. Relevant studies have shown that plots with serious weed damage in tobacco fields can directly reduce the output value of tobacco leaves by 20% to 45%; other studies have shown that weeds also serve as intermediate hosts for many diseases and pests, exacerbating the occurrence of tobacco diseases and pests; in addition, overgrown weeds seriously affect tobacco farmers' agricultural operations and increase management costs.

[0003] At present, weed control in tobacco fields is still mainly based on chemical control, physical control (covering with mulch film) and manual weeding. However, with the transfer of rural labor, the cost of manual weeding is getting higher and higher; mulch film covering can only effectively control weeds on the ridge surface, and weeds between rows are still serious; the long-term use of the same type of herbicide and the abuse of herbicides such as glyphosate to control weeds in tobacco fields have increasingly prominent negative effects, leading to changes in weed communities, soil environmental pollution and tobacco pesticide damage, which are restricted; therefore, it is of great significance to explore a green control path for weeds in tobacco fields.

[0004] The grass control technology based on the niche principle has been well applied in economic fruit forests such as orchards and tea gardens. Relevant studies have shown that planting arrow peas, broad money grass, bermudagrass, white clover, etc. in orchards can effectively control the growth of weeds. Ryegrass, clover, and round-leaved cassia can also play a good weed control role in tea gardens; but the application of grass control technology in tobacco has not been reported. In the method of ridge film planting, although the weeds on the ridge surface can be effectively controlled, the weeds between the rows are still very serious, and the plants are tall, which seriously affects the farming operation. In view of this, the present invention is based on the characteristics of film planting of flue-cured tobacco, and combines the grass control between the ridges with the green manure pressing and returning to the field, that is, the green manure planting window period is advanced, while playing the role of alternative weed control, it also ensures that the green manure biomass is returned to the field and the natural enemy storage system functions, realizing the organic unity of tobacco field ecological weed control, fertilization and improvement of field environment, and promoting the green, low-carbon and efficient production of flue-cured tobacco. Summary of the invention

[0005] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that during ridge-forming and film-covering planting, weeds between rows are serious.

[0006] The above technical problem is solved by the following technical solution: The present invention proposes a method for growing and controlling weeds in tobacco fields, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Evenly mix the seeds of the plants used for growing grass with organic fertilizer;

[0008] After the tobacco fields are ridged, covered with film and soil at designated locations, seeds mixed with organic fertilizer are sown between the rows;

[0009] After the seeds of the plants used for growing grass germinate, other weeds are pulled out manually.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the tobacco field weed control method of the present invention: the plants used for weeding are white clover, ryegrass or rat grass;

[0011] Among them, ryegrass is an annual plant.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the method for growing and controlling weeds in tobacco fields of the present invention: white clover, ryegrass and calanus are planted in an annual cycle, with each plant planted once a year.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the tobacco field weed control method of the present invention, the seeds of white clover, ryegrass and calanthe are all naked seeds, and the sowing rates are 5kg / 667m 2 , 3kg / 667m 2 , 3kg / 667m 2 .

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the tobacco field weed control method of the present invention: the amount of organic fertilizer used for mixing plant seeds is 40kg / 667m 2 .

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the tobacco field weed control method of the present invention: after the tobacco field is ridged, film-covered and soil-covered at fixed points, the soil between the rows is leveled and raked, large stones, weeds and other debris are removed, and plant seeds mixed with organic fertilizers are sown.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the tobacco field weed control method of the present invention: after the plant seed emergence rate reaches 50%, the weeds are manually pulled out according to the occurrence of weeds in the field.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the method for growing and controlling weeds in tobacco fields of the present invention: during field farming operations and management, if weeds taller than the plants used for growing weeds are found, they should be removed in time.

[0018] The invention also provides a method for returning crops to fields and improving fertilizer.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the method for returning soil to field and improving fertilizers of the present invention: a method for returning soil to field and improving fertilizers, including the method for growing grass and controlling weeds in tobacco fields, further comprising the following steps:

[0020] The plants used for mowing grass shall be returned to the fields;

[0021] After the tobacco harvest is completed and before plowing the field the following year, the tobacco leaves should be plowed and returned to the field.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the method for returning soil to the field and improving fertilizer according to the present invention: after plowing and pressing the soil to the field, it should be left for one month to mature before planting other crops.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention adopts white clover, ryegrass (annual life form) and rat grass to achieve weed control and field fertilization in tobacco fields, clarifies the dosage of the three grass seeds, and proposes a treatment method for effectively preventing and controlling weeds by growing weeds between rows. By mixing seeds with organic fertilizers, seeds can be sown more evenly, and the method of planting the three plants separately every year is adopted to adjust the microbial community of the tobacco field, thereby preventing the imbalance of the microbial community in the tobacco field caused by planting the same plant all year round. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention. Among them:

[0025] Figure 1 The table shows the control effect of different treatments of the present invention on weeds;

[0026] Figure 2 The table showing the effects of different treatments of tobacco fields on tobacco leaf yield according to the present invention is shown;

[0027] Figure 3 The table shows the effects of different tobacco field treatments on tobacco agronomic traits of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods and drawings.

[0029] The terms used in the present invention are those general terms currently widely used in the art in consideration of the functions of the present invention, but these terms may vary according to the intention of a person of ordinary skill in the art, precedents, or new technologies in the art. In addition, specific terms may be selected by the applicant, and in this case, their detailed meanings will be described in the detailed description of the present invention. Therefore, the terms used in the specification should not be understood as simple names, but rather as a general description based on the meaning of the terms and the present invention.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] This embodiment provides a method for weed control in tobacco fields, comprising the following steps:

[0032] Evenly mix the seeds of the plants used for growing grass with organic fertilizer;

[0033] After the tobacco fields are ridged, covered with film and soil at designated locations, seeds mixed with organic fertilizer are sown between the rows;

[0034] After the seeds of the plants used for growing grass germinate, other weeds are pulled out manually.

[0035] The plants used for growing grass are white clover, ryegrass or rat grass;

[0036] Among them, ryegrass is an annual plant.

[0037] White clover, ryegrass and sage grass are planted in an annual cycle, with each planted once a year.

[0038] One of the three species of white clover, ryegrass, and rat grass is planted every year. Each species needs to be planted once a year. Each species needs to be planted once within three years, and the cycle is completed every three years.

[0039] Each plant has a different impact on the microbial community of the tobacco field. In order to prevent the imbalance of the microbial community in the tobacco field by planting a single plant all year round, this plan adopts the method of planting different plants every year.

[0040] In one embodiment provided in the present application, the seeds of white clover, ryegrass and rat grass are all naked seeds, and the sowing amount is 5kg / 667m 2 , 3kg / 667m 2 , 3kg / 667m 2 .

[0041] The amount of organic fertilizer used for mixing plant seeds is 40kg / 667m 2 .

[0042] Since the total amount of grass seeds is small, it is easy to cause uneven sowing when sowing between rows. Therefore, by mixing organic fertilizers, the grass seeds and organic fertilizers are fully mixed, the total amount becomes larger, which facilitates uniform sowing.

[0043] In addition, organic fertilizers can also provide nutrients for the growth of grass seeds.

[0044] As an embodiment provided in the present application, after the tobacco field is ridged, film-covered and soil-covered at fixed points, the soil between the rows is leveled and raked, large stones, weeds and other debris are removed, and plant seeds mixed with organic fertilizers are sown.

[0045] Before ridge formation, the tobacco field should be thoroughly plowed and harrowed to make the field loose, the soil broken up and the ground level. Apply tobacco-specific fertilizer (total nutrients ≧46%, N-P2O5-K2O=9-10-27) at a rate of 30kg / 667m2.

[0046] Debug the mechanical equipment and make ridges according to the row spacing of 1m and the ridge height of 30cm. After making ridges, harrow the soil on the ridge surface and cover it with film using a film covering machine, and compact the soil at the edge of the film.

[0047] After film covering, soil needs to be taken between the rows for covering, while the present invention covers the soil before sowing the plant seeds, which can prevent soil from being taken between the rows after sowing, thereby damaging the plant seeds.

[0048] As an embodiment provided in the present application, after the plant seed emergence rate reaches 50%, the weeds are manually pulled out according to the occurrence of weeds in the field.

[0049] During field agricultural operations and management, if weeds that are taller than the plants used for growing grass are found, they should be removed in a timely manner.

[0050] After the plant seed germination rate reaches 50%, manual weeding is carried out once to remove other weeds so that white clover, ryegrass and rat grass can occupy the ecological niche, quickly form a lawn and inhibit the growth of other weeds.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] This embodiment provides a method for returning fertilizer to the field, including a method for growing and controlling weeds in tobacco fields, and further comprising the following steps:

[0053] The plants used for mowing grass shall be returned to the fields;

[0054] After the tobacco harvest is completed and before plowing the field the following year, the tobacco leaves should be plowed and returned to the field.

[0055] After plowing and returning the green soil to the field, it should be left for a month to compost before planting other crops.

[0056] The composted plants can provide nutrients for tobacco fields, thereby improving the soil environment and promoting green, low-carbon and efficient production of flue-cured tobacco.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] Reference Figure 1 to Figure 3 , Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 There are three tables. Different lowercase letters in the tables indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level (P < 0.05), and different uppercase letters indicate significant differences at the 0.01 level (P < 0.01).

[0059] In order to clarify the control effect of this technology on weeds in tobacco fields, the experiment was set up with a 25% sulfamethoxam water dispersible granule 6g / mu treatment, a clear tillage control area (manual weeding according to the local planting system), and a natural grass treatment area (no weeding management) as controls. The herbicide treatment area was applied when most weeds in the field were 2 to 4 leaves after tobacco transplanting. Thirty days after the herbicide treatment area was applied, the plants in the grass area had grown into a lawn, and the occurrence of weeds in the field was investigated at this time; the agronomic traits of tobacco were measured 10 days after the tobacco was toppled and set; the weight of fresh tobacco leaves in each treatment area was weighed when the tobacco was harvested.

[0060] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that the weed occurrence in each treatment area was investigated 30 days after the herbicide was applied. The cover control efficiency of white clover, ryegrass and rat grass was as follows from high to low: ryegrass> rat grass> white clover, and their cover control efficiency was 99.62%, 91.26% and 86.8% respectively, which were all higher than the weed cover control efficiency in the herbicide treatment area; the weed cover control efficiency in the ryegrass treatment area was similar to that of the herbicide 25% sulfamethoxam water dispersible granules 6g / 667m 2 The difference among the treatments was extremely significant.

[0061] From the perspective of plant control efficiency, ryegrass treatment still has the best effect, with a plant control efficiency of 99.41%, which is significantly different from other treatments; the plant control efficiency of white clover treatment and rat grass treatment is less than 80% compared with the herbicide treatment. 45 days after the herbicide treatment, the weed cover control efficiency of each treatment was above 88%, and the weed fresh weight control efficiency was above 85%. Compared with the herbicide sulfonesulfuron, the fresh weight and cover control efficiency of each weed treatment were not significantly different; ryegrass and rat grass had better cover and fresh weight control efficiency than white clover.

[0062] In terms of weed species richness, the ryegrass treatment had the least weed species, which was significantly lower than the natural grass treatment compared with the control.

[0063] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that the fresh weight of tobacco leaves in the treatment areas of white clover, ryegrass, calanthe, 25% sulfasulfuron water dispersible granules, manual weeding and natural weeding were 10803.07 kg / hm 2 、9628.81kg / hm 2 、9506.42kg / hm 2 、9231.61kg / hm 2 、9722.53kg / hm 2 、9905.95kg / hm 2 The fresh weight of tobacco leaves in the white clover treatment area was the highest, and the fresh weight of tobacco leaves in the 25% sulfasulfuron water dispersible granules treatment area was the lowest. The fresh weight of tobacco leaves in the white clover, ryegrass and calanthe treatment areas were all higher than those in the 25% sulfasulfuron water dispersible granules treatment area.

[0064] Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that 10 days after topping and leaf setting, the plant height of each treatment was between 115 and 126 cm, the number of leaves was about 17, and there was no significant difference between the treatments. The length of the upper leaves of all tobacco treatments was between 58 and 61 cm, the length of the middle leaves was between 68 and 73 cm, and the length of the lower leaves was between 69 and 73 cm. Among them, the leaf length of each part of the artificial weeding treatment was the highest, followed by the rat grass, and there was no significant difference in the leaf length of each part of the tobacco between the treatments. The width of the upper leaves of all tobacco treatments was between 18 and 20 cm, the width of the middle leaves was between 24 and 26 cm, and the length of the lower leaves was between 26 and 29 cm. Among them, the leaf width of tobacco in each part of natural grass was the highest, followed by the rat grass and ryegrass, and there was no significant difference in the leaf width of each part of tobacco between the treatments. The tobacco plant stem circumferences in the treatments of Artemisia selengensis and natural grass were the largest, at 10.04 cm and 10.02 cm, respectively, which were significantly different from the treatment of clover, but not significantly different from the other treatments; the tobacco plant internodes in the treatment of natural grass were the largest, at 7.08 cm, but there were no significant differences among the treatments.

[0065] Based on the above data, it can be clearly seen that the control effects of clover, ryegrass and rat grass on weeds in tobacco fields within the prescribed dosage.

[0066] Finally, it should be pointed out that the methods and devices described in detail above are only embodiments, and those skilled in the art can modify these embodiments in different ways without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling weeds in tobacco fields, characterized in that: The steps include: Evenly mix the seeds of the plants used for growing grass with organic fertilizer; After the tobacco fields are ridged, covered with film and soil at designated locations, seeds mixed with organic fertilizer are sown between the rows; After the seeds of the plants used for growing grass germinate, other weeds are pulled out manually.

2. The method for controlling weeds in tobacco fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plants used for growing grass are white clover, ryegrass or rat grass; Among them, ryegrass is an annual plant.

3. The method for controlling weeds in tobacco fields according to claim 2, characterized in that: White clover, ryegrass and sage grass are planted in an annual cycle, with each planted once a year.

4. The method for controlling weeds in tobacco fields according to claim 3, characterized in that: The seeds of white clover, ryegrass and rat grass were all naked seeds, with a sowing rate of 5kg / 667m 2 、3kg / 667m 2 、3kg / 667m 2 .

5. The method for controlling weeds in tobacco fields according to claim 4, characterized in that: The amount of organic fertilizer used for mixed plant seeds is 40kg / 667m 2 .

6. The method for controlling weeds in tobacco fields according to claim 5, characterized in that: After the tobacco fields are ridged, covered with film and soil at designated points, the soil between the rows is leveled and raked, large stones, weeds and other debris are removed, and plant seeds mixed with organic fertilizer are sown.

7. The method for controlling weeds in tobacco fields according to claim 6, characterized in that: After the plant seed germination rate reaches 50%, weeds are manually removed according to the occurrence of weeds in the field.

8. The method for controlling weeds in tobacco fields according to claim 7, characterized in that: During field agricultural operations and management, if weeds that are taller than the plants used for growing grass are found, they should be removed in a timely manner.

9. A method for returning crops to fields and improving fertilizer, characterized in that: The method for weed control in tobacco field according to any one of claims 1 to 8 further comprises the following steps: The plants used for mowing grass shall be returned to the fields; After the tobacco harvest is completed and before plowing the field the following year, the tobacco leaves should be plowed and returned to the field.

10. The method for returning soil to the field and improving fertilizer according to claim 9, characterized in that: After plowing and returning the green soil to the field, it should be left for a month to compost before planting other crops.

Images