Application of white spirit vinasse in reduction of protein degradation of fermented feed

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of feed fermentation, in particular to application of distiller's grains to reduction of protein degradation of fermented feed. The white spirit vinasse is used as an additive, so that degradation of feed protein can be effectively reduced. The white spirit vinasse is rich in microorganisms, and the microorganisms can help a digestive system to better utilize protein and reduce degradation of the protein. In addition, the white spirit vinasse also contains a certain amount of protein and nutrient substances, so that the nutritional value of the feed can be improved. By adding the distiller's grains, the taste and flavor of the feed can be improved, the appetite of animals is increased, and digestion and absorption are promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of feed fermentation, in particular to the application of distiller's grains in reducing the degradation of fermented feed protein. Background Art

[0002] Wine lees are solid wastes left over from the brewing process. In agricultural production, wine lees can be used as high-quality feed additives in the production of feed for livestock, poultry, and fisheries, which can improve the nutritional value of feed and promote animal growth and development. In addition, wine lees can also be used as organic fertilizers, which can improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, and have a positive effect on the ecological environment of farmland. Protein degradation in feed will lead to the loss of key nutrients in feed, reduce the nutritional value of feed, affect the growth and development of animals, and increase breeding costs. At the same time, excessive protein degradation will lead to increased nitrogen emissions in animal feces, which may cause certain pollution to the environment.

[0003] Therefore, expanding the utilization methods of distiller's grains has important economic and environmental significance. It can not only reduce breeding costs and improve output efficiency, but also is conducive to the recycling of resources and environmental protection. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the use of distiller's grains in reducing the degradation of fermented feed protein. The distiller's grains reduce the degradation of protein in the feed, thereby extending the storage time of the feed.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] Application of distiller's grains in reducing feed protein degradation.

[0007] Preferably, the liquor tank comprises a sauce-flavor liquor tank.

[0008] Preferably, the feed is obtained by anaerobic fermentation of distiller's grains and material to be fermented, and the mass ratio of the distiller's grains to the material to be fermented is 15-30:70-85.

[0009] Preferably, when the mass ratio of the liquor tank to the material to be fermented is 15:85, the material to be fermented includes the following components in parts by weight: 300 parts of rice straw, 250 parts of corn silage, 140.5 parts of corn flour, 22 parts of wheat bran, 70 parts of soybean meal, 37.5 parts of rapeseed meal, 7.5 parts of calcium carbonate, 1.5 parts of calcium phosphate, 1 part of sodium chloride, 10 parts of sodium bicarbonate and 10 parts of premix.

[0010] Preferably, when the mass ratio of the liquor tank to the material to be fermented is 30:70, the material to be fermented includes the following components in parts by weight: 300 parts of rice straw, 250 parts of corn silage, 81 parts of corn flour, 40 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of calcium carbonate, 1 part of calcium phosphate, 1 part of sodium chloride, 10 parts of sodium bicarbonate and 10 parts of premix.

[0011] Preferably, the corn silage comprises waxy corn stalks with a length of 3 cm.

[0012] Preferably, after the liquor tank and the material to be fermented are mixed, anaerobic fermentation is carried out.

[0013] Preferably, the anaerobic fermentation time is 7 to 60 days.

[0014] Preferably, the anaerobic fermentation time is 15 to 30 days.

[0015] The invention also provides the use of a liquor tank in prolonging the storage time of feed by reducing the degradation of fermented feed protein.

[0016] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0017] The present invention uses distiller's grains as an additive to effectively reduce the degradation of feed protein. Distiller's grains contain abundant microorganisms, which can help the digestive system to better utilize protein and reduce protein degradation. In addition, distiller's grains themselves also contain a certain amount of protein and nutrients, which can improve the nutritional value of the feed. Adding distiller's grains can also improve the taste and flavor of the feed, increase the appetite of animals, and promote digestion and absorption. The advantages of this method include improving the nutritional utilization rate of the feed, reducing feed costs, promoting animal growth and development, and being environmentally friendly, and can effectively reduce protein waste and excrement pollution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 Figure 3 Changes in nitrogen components of fermented total mixed rations at different storage times, where DM, dry matter; TN, total nitrogen; T0, total mixed ration containing 0% wet distillers grains; T15, total mixed ration containing 15% wet distillers grains; T30, total mixed ration containing 30% wet distillers grains. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention provides the use of distiller's grains in reducing the degradation of fermented feed protein. In the present invention, the distiller's grains preferably include a sauce-flavored liquor grain. The present invention has no special restrictions on the source of the sauce-flavored liquor grains, and the distiller's grains obtained from conventional sauce-flavored liquors can be used.

[0020] In the present invention, the mass ratio of the liquor tank to the material to be fermented is preferably 15-30:70-85. In the present invention, when the mass ratio of the liquor tank to the material to be fermented is preferably 15:85, the material to be fermented preferably includes the following components in parts by weight: 300 parts of rice straw, 250 parts of corn silage, 140.5 parts of corn flour, 22 parts of wheat bran, 70 parts of soybean meal, 37.5 parts of rapeseed meal, 7.5 parts of calcium carbonate, 1.5 parts of calcium phosphate, 1 part of sodium chloride, 10 parts of sodium bicarbonate and 10 parts of premix. In the present invention, when the mass ratio of the liquor tank to the material to be fermented is preferably 30:70, the material to be fermented preferably includes the following components in parts by weight: 300 parts of rice straw, 250 parts of corn silage, 81 parts of corn flour, 40 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of calcium carbonate, 1 part of calcium phosphate, 1 part of sodium chloride, 10 parts of sodium bicarbonate and 10 parts of premix. The present invention has no special limitation on the source of the premix, and conventional commercial products can be used.

[0021] In the present invention, the corn silage preferably includes corn stalks at the waxy maturity stage, and the length is preferably 3 cm.

[0022] The present invention preferably mixes the liquor tank and the material to be fermented and then performs anaerobic fermentation. In the present invention, the time of the anaerobic fermentation is preferably 7 to 60 days. In the present invention, the time of the anaerobic fermentation is preferably 15 to 30 days. The present invention preferably mixes the liquor tank and the material to be fermented and puts them into a sealed bag, and then performs anaerobic fermentation at room temperature after vacuuming.

[0023] The invention also provides the use of a liquor tank in prolonging the storage time of feed by reducing the degradation of feed protein.

[0024] In order to further illustrate the present invention, the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] Raw material types: distiller's grains, corn-based complete mixed ration

[0027] Source of raw materials: sorghum liquor grains, waxy corn

[0028] Amount of raw materials: 0%, 15%, 30% addition ratio (calculated based on the fresh weight content of mixed diet)

[0029] Process flow:

[0030] Waxy corn was chopped into pieces of 3 cm, and other ingredients were added and mixed evenly as shown in Table 1 to prepare a corn-based total mixed diet.

[0031] Table 1 Composition of raw materials of total mixed ration

[0032]

[0033]

[0034] Note: FM, fresh matter; DM, dry matter.

[0035] Mean values ​​with different superscripts in the same row (AC) are significantly different from each other (p < 0.05). SEM, standard error of the mean;

[0036] The premix was produced by Da Bei Nong Feed Company (Henan, China), product batch number Q / HNBD015-2019.

[0037] Use an electronic balance (Shanghai, Lichen YP-B) to weigh the white wine lees and the corn-based total mixed diet according to the formula in Table 1 above, with an error of 0.01g. The addition ratio of the sauce-flavor white wine lees is 5%, 15%, and 30% (calculated based on dry matter content). Put the above raw materials in plastic basins and mix them evenly. Take about 1000g of the sample and put it into a sealed bag, quickly evacuate and seal it (DZ400 / 2D vacuum packaging machine), and store it at room temperature.

[0038] After anaerobic fermentation for 7, 15, 30 and 60 days, the bags were opened to measure feed nutritional indicators (including soluble carbohydrates, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein) and fermentation indicators (including pH, organic acid, and ammonia nitrogen).

[0039] After opening each bag of samples, mix thoroughly and divide into two sub-samples. Accurately weigh 20g of the first sample into a sterilized self-sealing bag, add 180mL of sterilized deionized water, and treat with a sterile homogenizer for 30s to prepare an extract. The extract is divided into two parts, one for microbial dilution plate colony count and pH determination (PHS-3C). The other part is filtered through 4 layers of gauze and qualitative filter paper and stored in a -20℃ refrigerator for the determination of organic acid and ammonia nitrogen content.

[0040] Accurately weigh about 150 g (accurate to 0.01 g) of the second sample, place it in a 65°C forced air drying oven and dry it for 48 h, determine the dry matter (DM) content, and crush it through a 1 mm sieve for later use.

[0041] The total nitrogen (TN) content was determined by the Kjeldahl method (Kjeldahl nitrogen analyzer K1100); the crude protein (CP) content was obtained by multiplying the total nitrogen (TN) by 6.25; the watersoluble carbohydrate (WSC) content was determined by the anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric method; the acid detergent fiber (ADF) content and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content were determined by the Van der Waals fiber washing method; the NH3-N content was determined by the phenol-sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method; the organic acid content was determined by HPLC (German Thermo Scientific model, chromatographic column: Shodex KC-811, mobile phase: 3 mmol / L perchloric acid solution, flow rate: 1 mL / min, injection volume: 20 μL, column temperature: 50°C, detection wavelength: 210 nm). The free amino acid nitrogen content in the sample was determined by ninhydrin-hydrazine sulfate colorimetry; the ammonia nitrogen content in the sample was determined by phenol-sodium hypochlorite colorimetry; and the peptide nitrogen content in the sample was calculated according to the formula.

[0042] Peptide nitrogen content = non-protein nitrogen content - (free amino acid nitrogen content + ammonia nitrogen content).

[0043] Three different addition ratios were set to compare the changes in fermentation parameters and nutritional components of the total mixed diet after adding different ratios of Maotai-flavor liquor lees. Conclusion The best addition ratio of 15% Maotai-flavor liquor lees was obtained. The antibacterial effect of volatile fatty acids in liquor lees was utilized to improve the disadvantage of difficult storage of liquor lees through anaerobic fermentation, and weaken the protein degradation in feed.

[0044] Table 2 Fermentation indexes of fermented total mixed diets at different storage times

[0045]

[0046] Note: DM, dry matter; TN, total nitrogen.

[0047] T0, total mixed ration containing 0% wet vinasse; T15, total mixed ration containing 15% wet vinasse; T30, total mixed ration containing 30% wet vinasse;

[0048] Mean values ​​with different superscripts in the same row (AD) or column (ac) are significantly different from each other (p<0.05).

[0049] SEM, standard error of the mean; D, storage days; T, treatment; D × T interaction between ensiling days and treatment.

[0050] It can be concluded from Table 2 that adding distiller's grains can significantly increase the lactic acid and acetic acid content of fermented feed and reduce the butyric acid content. Adding distiller's grains is beneficial to improving the fermentation quality.

[0051] Amino acid nitrogen and peptide nitrogen are products of protein degradation, but they can be absorbed and reused by rumen microorganisms in ruminants, thus improving the efficiency of nitrogen utilization. Figure 1 It can be concluded that adding 15% white wine lees in the early 7 days of fermentation can significantly delay the reduction of amino acid nitrogen and peptide nitrogen in fermented feed. Considering the cost of use, adding 15% wet wine lees can achieve the ideal effect.

[0052] The non-protein nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen content of the group treated with 30% white wine lees after 30 days of storage were lower than those of the other groups. Non-protein nitrogen is not conducive to rumen absorption and utilization, and reducing the generation of non-protein nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen helps to improve the utilization efficiency of the diet and improve the use value of the feed.

[0053] The protein in the diet is divided into rumen-degradable protein and rumen-undegradable protein. Rumen-degradable protein consists of non-protein nitrogen and true protein. True protein is degraded into peptides and amino acids in the rumen. Peptides can be further hydrolyzed into amino acids by peptidases or directly hydrolyzed into ammonia, while amino acids are used by rumen microorganisms to generate microbial proteins, or further deaminated to generate volatile fatty acids (VFA), carbon dioxide and ammonia. The deamination of amino acids in the rumen is one of the main reasons for the low nitrogen utilization rate of ruminants. Part of the ammonia in the rumen is used by rumen microorganisms to synthesize microbial proteins; another part of the ammonia enters the liver through the portal vein with the blood and is synthesized into urea. Most of it is excreted from the body with urine, and the rest of the urea re-enters the digestive tract through saliva or digestive tract epithelium. Urea entering the digestive tract can be degraded into ammonia again, and then reabsorbed into the liver, which forms an endogenous urea nitrogen recycling mechanism. Reducing the urea nitrogen lost in urine and increasing the proportion of urea nitrogen entering the digestive tract is an effective measure to increase the nitrogen utilization efficiency of ruminants.

[0054] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Application of distiller's grains in reducing feed protein degradation.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquor tank comprises a sauce-flavor liquor tank.

3. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed is obtained by anaerobic fermentation of liquor lees and material to be fermented, and the mass ratio of the liquor lees to the material to be fermented is 15-30:70-85.

4. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the mass ratio of the liquor tank to the material to be fermented is 15:85, the material to be fermented includes the following components in parts by weight: 300 parts of rice straw, 250 parts of corn silage, 140.5 parts of corn flour, 22 parts of wheat bran, 70 parts of soybean meal, 37.5 parts of rapeseed meal, 7.5 parts of calcium carbonate, 1.5 parts of calcium phosphate, 1 part of sodium chloride, 10 parts of sodium bicarbonate and 10 parts of premix.

5. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the mass ratio of the liquor tank to the material to be fermented is 30:70, the material to be fermented includes the following components in parts by weight: 300 parts of rice straw, 250 parts of corn silage, 81 parts of corn flour, 40 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of calcium carbonate, 1 part of calcium phosphate, 1 part of sodium chloride, 10 parts of sodium bicarbonate and 10 parts of premix.

6. The use according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The corn silage includes waxy corn stalks with a length of 3 cm.

7. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that: After the liquor tank and the material to be fermented are mixed, anaerobic fermentation is carried out.

8. The use according to claim 7, characterized in that: The anaerobic fermentation time is 7 to 60 days.

9. The use according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The anaerobic fermentation time is 15 to 30 days.

10. The application of liquor trough in extending the storage time of feed by reducing the degradation of feed protein.

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